NAICS 331312 - Primary Aluminum Production

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1992, 1997, 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from the Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses respectively, reported in the Federal Government's NAICS format. Other years were originally reported in equivalent SIC format. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1991		57	32	20.0	15.8	32.1	776.4	18.02	4,542.6	1,649.6	6,199.2	207.6
1992	30	41	28	20.4	16.2	32.3	805.9	18.81	4,226.9	1,609.8	5,848.9	215.0
1993		44	27	19.4	14.8	29.0	727.9	18.52	4,015.4	1,147.4	5,170.5	167.1
1994		41	29	18.5	13.9	26.9	706.1	19.20	3,797.6	1,794.3	5,576.6	120.7
1995		40	30	18.1	14.4	28.3	745.1	19.21	3,897.9	2,874.5	6,677.8	151.6
1996		49	31	17.6	14.0	28.5	750.0	19.35	3,835.0	2,020.3	5,933.1	207.0
1997	13	21	21	15.8	12.6	26.1	707.4	19.67	3,707.4	2,432.4	6,224.6	320.3
1998		28	21	16.3	13.1	26.6	730.5	19.71	3,913.0	2,299.4	6,211.9	394.5
1999		29	22	16.2	13.0	26.0	687.7	19.19	3,688.9	2,108.7	5,810.3	351.6
2000		32	22	14.8	11.9	24.4	662.5	19.98	3,918.1	2,103.7	6,028.6	350.9
2001		38	24	12.8	10.1	19.4	588.2	22.09	3,238.5	2,267.9	5,529.6	257.3
2002	27	41	28	13.1	10.2	21.4	695.4	23.49	3,507.3	1,943.7	5,447.3	170.8
2003		54	25	11.1	8.6	18.2	544.1	21.47	2,853.3	1,674.9	4,552.4	85.2
2004		68	27	10.2	8.1	17.1	525.3	22.31	3,048.4	2,172.2	5,155.0	125.4
2005		60	24	9.0	7.1	15.1	480.0	23.21	3,154.9	1,815.7	5,018.7	113.1
2006		49P	23P	8.5	6.8	14.2	475.8	24.68	3,621.3	2,575.3	6,181.7	131.7
2007		49P	23P	8.2P	6.6P	14.1P	490.9P	23.85P	3,117.7P	2,217.2P	5,322.1P	175.5P
2008		50P	22P	7.4P	6.0P	12.9P	470.7P	24.24P	3,090.1P	2,197.5P	5,274.9P	171.4P
2009		51P	22P	6.6P	5.3P	11.7P	450.4P	24.62P	3,062.5P	2,177.9P	5,227.8P	167.3P
2010		52P	21P	5.8P	4.7P	10.6P	430.2P	25.01P	3,034.9P	2,158.3P	5,180.6P	163.1P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1992	111	100	100	156	159	151	116	80	121	83	107	126
1997	48	51	75	121	124	122	102	84	106	125	114	188
2001		93	86	98	99	91	85	94	92	117	102	151
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		132	89	85	84	85	78	91	81	86	84	50
2004		166	96	78	79	80	76	95	87	112	95	73
2005		146	86	69	70	71	69	99	90	93	92	66
2006		119P	82P	65	67	66	68	105	103	132	113	77
2007		120P	80P	63P	65P	66P	71P	102P	89P	114P	98P	103P
2008		122P	79P	56P	59P	60P	68P	103P	88P	113P	97P	100P
2009		124P	78P	50P	52P	55P	65P	105P	87P	112P	96P	98P
2010		126P	76P	44P	46P	50P	62P	106P	87P	111P	95P	95P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	320	761	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	190,559	104
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	16,960,976	1,035	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	85,543,902	1,483
Payroll per Employee	39,053	53,084	136	Cost per Employee	137,446	267,733	195
Production Workers per Establishment	30	249	843	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	343,853	176
Wages per Establishment	694,845	12,260,634	1,765	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	132,860,976	1,191
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	49,283	209	Shipments per Employee	265,847	415,824	156
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,098	106	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	534,049	141
Wages per Hour	11.89	23.49	198	Investment per Establishment	361,338	4,165,854	1,153
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	47,407,317	881	Investment per Employee	8,609	13,038	151
Value Added per Employee	128,210	148,374	116	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	16,745	137

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 23 Total sales ($ mil): 43,024 Total employment (000): 125.0
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Alcoa Inc.	201 Isabella St.	Pittsburgh	PA	15212	Alain J.P. Belda	412-553-4545	P	30,379	107.0
Southwire Co.	PO Box 1000	Carrollton	GA	30112	Stuart Thorn	770-832-4242	R	3,200*	4.2
Century Aluminum Co.	2511 Garden Rd.	Monterey	CA	93940	Craig A. Davis	831-642-9300	P	1,798	1.9
Kaiser Aluminum Corp.	27422 Portola Pky.	Foothill Ranch	CA	92610		949-614-1740	P	1,505	2.4
Connell L.P.	1 International Pl.	Boston	MA	02110	Margot C. Connell	617-737-2700	R	1,429*	2.0
A.M. Castle and Co.	3400 N Wolf Rd.	Franklin Park	IL	60131	Michael H. Goldberg	847-455-7111	P	1,420	1.9
Noranda Aluminum Inc.	801 Crescent Centre	Franklin	TN	37067	William Brooks	615-771-5700	R	1,170*	<0.1
Wabash Alloys L.L.C.	PO Box 466	Wabash	IN	46992		260-563-7461	R	500*	0.3
Ormet Corp.	PO Box 176	Hannibal	OH	43931		724-483-1381	R	467*	2.0
MAXXAM Inc.	1330 Post Oak Blvd.	Houston	TX	77056	Charles E. Hurwitz	713-975-7600	P	292	0.5
Alcan Composites USA Inc.	PO Box 507	Benton	KY	42025		270-527-4200	R	224*	0.1
Phelps Dodge Magnet Wire Co.	806 Douglas Rd.	Coral Gables	FL	33134	Don Disque	305-648-8000	S	170*	1.3
Century Aluminum of WV	PO Box 98	Ravenswood	WV	26164	Craig Davis	304-273-6000	S	162*	0.6
N American Hoganas Holdings	PO Box 509	Hollsopple	PA	15935	Stan Kvist	814-479-2551	R	131*	<0.1
Columbia Falls Aluminum Co.	2000 Aluminum Dr.	Columbia Falls	MT	59912		406-892-8400	R	55*	0.1
Southwire Co. NSA Div.	1987 State Rte 271N	Hawesville	KY	42348	Stewart Thorn	270-927-6971	S	41*	0.3
Croft L.L.C.	PO Box 826	McComb	MS	39649		601-684-6121	R	33*	<0.1
New Age Industrial Corporation	PO Box 520	Norton	KS	67654	Larry Nelson	785-877-5121	R	18*	0.1
WJ Bullock Inc.	PO Box 539	Fairfield	AL	35064	William Bullock	205-788-6586	R	12*	<0.1
Modern Equipment Company Inc.	336 S Spring St.	Port Washington	WI	53074	Verne Socks	262-284-9431	S	7*	<0.1
Northwest Aluminum Specialties	3313 W 2nd St.	The Dalles	OR	97058		541-296-6161	R	5*	<0.1
Dantherm HMS Inc.	4260 Orchard Park	Spartanburg	SC	29303		864-595-9800	S	5*	<0.1
Penn Aluminmum International	PO Box 490	Murphysboro	IL	62966	Richard Smith	618-684-2146	R	1*	<0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED
Material		Quantity	Delivered Cost($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Aluminum and aluminum-base alloy ingot	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
All other aluminum and aluminum-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
Refined unalloyed copper (cathodes, ingots, cakes, slabs, etc.), including blister and anode copper	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
All other copper and copper-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
Magnesium and magnesium-base alloy ingot		(X)	37.9
All other magnesium and magnesium-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
All other nonferrous shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	17.8
Aluminum and aluminum-base alloy scrap (exc. home scrap)	1,000 s tons	6.5	7.0
All other nonferrous metal and metal-base alloy scrap		(X)	(D)
Alumina (gross weight)	1,000 s tons	5,227.5p	818.5
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies		(X)	901.4
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk		(X)	246.5

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
PRIMARY ALUMINUM	5,377.4

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	19.3	Manufg.	Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	33.8	Manufg.
Compensation of employees	17.9		Nonferrous metal foundries	10.8	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	16.7	Util.	Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	8.0	Manufg.
Carbon & graphite products	4.5	Manufg.	Motor vehicle parts	5.9	Manufg.
Truck transportation	3.5	Util.	Secondary smelting & alloying of aluminum	4.6	Manufg.
Natural gas distribution	2.9	Util.	Metal cans, boxes, & other containers (light gauge)	4.1	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	2.8	Services	Exports of goods & services	2.6	Cap Inv

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION - Continued
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C., January 2008. User should note that this Input-Output table is not for this particular narrowly defined industry but for a larger aggregate. Input and Output data for Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production include Input and Output data for the Annual Survey of Manufactures’ NAICS industries 33131A and 331312. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Wholesale trade	2.1	Trade	Travel trailers & campers	2.1	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	1.4	Mining	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	1.6	Manufg.
Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	1.2	Manufg.	Ornamental & architectural metal products	1.5	Manufg.
Noncomparable imports	1.0	Foreign	Valve & fittings other than plumbing	1.2	Manufg.
Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	0.9	Manufg.	Cutlery, utensils, pots, & pans	1.0	Manufg.
Industrial machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Manufacturing, nec	0.9	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.7	Manufg.	General purpose machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.
Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	0.7	Manufg.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.8	Manufg.
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.7	Manufg.	Wiring devices	0.8	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.6		Custom roll forming	0.7	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.6	Util.	Material handling equipment	0.7	Manufg.
Coal	0.5	Mining	Real estate	0.6	Fin/R.E.
Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.	Forging, stamping, & sintering, nec	0.5	Manufg.
Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	0.5	Manufg.	Wholesale trade	0.5	Trade
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.4	Construct.	Motors & generators	0.5	Manufg.
Paperboard containers	0.4	Manufg.	Motor homes	0.5	Manufg.
Specialized design services	0.3	Services	Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.3	Services	Handtools	0.5	Manufg.
Employment services	0.3	Services	Other S/L govt. enterprises	0.4	S/L Govt
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	0.3	Fin/R.E.	Electronic connectors	0.4	Manufg.
Management, scientific, & technical consulting	0.3	Services	Electronic components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Chemical products & preparations, nec	0.3	Manufg.	General/consumer goods rental, ex. video tape & disc	0.4	Fin/R.E.
Legal services	0.3	Services	Electrical equipment & components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Business support services	0.3	Services	Industrial process variable instruments	0.4	Manufg.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.3	Services	Motorcycles, bicycles, & parts	0.4	Manufg.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.2	Services	Industrial machinery, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Alkalies & chlorine	0.2	Manufg.	Aircraft parts & auxiliary equipment, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Basic inorganic chemicals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	General Federal government services, defense	0.3	Fed Govt
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.2	Services	Blinds & shades	0.3	Manufg.
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services	Crowns & closures & metal stamping	0.3	Manufg.
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.	Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.
Plastics packaging materials, film & sheet	0.2	Manufg.	Arms, ordnance, & accessories	0.3	Manufg.
Petroleum refineries	0.2	Manufg.	Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	0.3	Manufg.
Advertising & related services	0.2	Services	Household cooking appliances	0.3	Manufg.
Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	Video tape & disc rental	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Support services, nec	0.2	Services	Broadcast & wireless communications equipment	0.3	Manufg.
Motor vehicle parts	0.1	Manufg.	Transportation equipment, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Warehousing & storage	0.1	Util.	Household laundry equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.1	Services	Air purification & ventilation equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Investigation & security services	0.1	Services	Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers	0.2	Manufg.
Relay & industrial controls	0.1	Manufg.	Guided missiles & space vehicles	0.2	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.1	Manufg.	Pumps & pumping equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.1	Fin/R.E.	Bare printed circuit boards	0.2	Manufg.
Scrap	0.1	Scrap	Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.
			Search, detection, & navigation instruments	0.2	Manufg.
			Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
			Household refrigerators & home freezers	0.2	Manufg.
			Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
			Hardware	0.2	Manufg.
			Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.2	Services
			Sporting & athletic goods	0.2	Manufg.
			Packaging machinery	0.2	Manufg.
			Internet publishing & broadcasting	0.2	Services
			Services to buildings & dwellings	0.2	Services
			Custom architectural woodwork & millwork	0.2	Manufg.
			Metal & other household furniture	0.2	Manufg.
			Aircraft	0.1	Manufg.
			Communications equipment, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			Commercial & service industry machinery, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			AC, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment	0.1	Manufg.
			Internet service providers & web search portals	0.1	Services
			Magnetic & optical recording media	0.1	Manufg.
			Watches, clocks, & related devices	0.1	Manufg.
			Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers	0.1	Manufg.
			Telephone apparatus	0.1	Manufg.
			Sound recording industries	0.1	Services
			Plate work & fabricated structural products	0.1	Manufg.
			Analytical laboratory instruments	0.1	Manufg.
			Lighting fixtures	0.1	Manufg.
			Tobacco products	0.1	Manufg.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY ALUMINA & ALUMINUM PRODUCTION & PROCESSING
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Metal-refining furnace operators & tenders	5.4	-23.4	Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.2	-37.4
Cutting, punching, & press machine operators	5.2	-37.4	Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	2.1	-37.4
Extruding & drawing machine operators & tenders	4.6	-30.4	Electricians	2.0	-27.8
Industrial machinery mechanics	4.3	-20.0	Machinists	1.4	-26.9
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.2	-30.4	Packaging & filling machine operators & tenders	1.4	-37.4
Team assemblers	4.0	-30.4	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.3	-33.0
Rolling machine operators & tenders	3.6	-30.4	Plating & coating machine operators & tenders	1.2	-27.4
Maintenance & repair workers, general	3.2	-30.4	Heat treating equipment operators & tenders	1.1	-30.4
Multiple machine tool operators & tenders	3.1	-23.4	Molding, coremaking, & casting machine operators	1.1	-37.4
Helpers--Production workers	2.9	-30.4	First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics	1.1	-30.4
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	2.7	-34.4	Tool & die makers	1.0	-26.9
Packers & packagers, hand	2.7	-44.3	Metal workers & plastic workers, nec	1.0	-44.3
Pourers & casters, metal	2.5	-24.2

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE
State-level data are not available.

NAICS 331312 - Primary Aluminum Production

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1992, 1997, 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from the Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses respectively, reported in the Federal Government's NAICS format. Other years were originally reported in equivalent SIC format. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1991		57	32	20.0	15.8	32.1	776.4	18.02	4,542.6	1,649.6	6,199.2	207.6
1992	30	41	28	20.4	16.2	32.3	805.9	18.81	4,226.9	1,609.8	5,848.9	215.0
1993		44	27	19.4	14.8	29.0	727.9	18.52	4,015.4	1,147.4	5,170.5	167.1
1994		41	29	18.5	13.9	26.9	706.1	19.20	3,797.6	1,794.3	5,576.6	120.7
1995		40	30	18.1	14.4	28.3	745.1	19.21	3,897.9	2,874.5	6,677.8	151.6
1996		49	31	17.6	14.0	28.5	750.0	19.35	3,835.0	2,020.3	5,933.1	207.0
1997	13	21	21	15.8	12.6	26.1	707.4	19.67	3,707.4	2,432.4	6,224.6	320.3
1998		28	21	16.3	13.1	26.6	730.5	19.71	3,913.0	2,299.4	6,211.9	394.5
1999		29	22	16.2	13.0	26.0	687.7	19.19	3,688.9	2,108.7	5,810.3	351.6
2000		32	22	14.8	11.9	24.4	662.5	19.98	3,918.1	2,103.7	6,028.6	350.9
2001		38	24	12.8	10.1	19.4	588.2	22.09	3,238.5	2,267.9	5,529.6	257.3
2002	27	41	28	13.1	10.2	21.4	695.4	23.49	3,507.3	1,943.7	5,447.3	170.8
2003		54	25	11.1	8.6	18.2	544.1	21.47	2,853.3	1,674.9	4,552.4	85.2
2004		68	27	10.2	8.1	17.1	525.3	22.31	3,048.4	2,172.2	5,155.0	125.4
2005		60	24	9.0	7.1	15.1	480.0	23.21	3,154.9	1,815.7	5,018.7	113.1
2006		49P	23P	8.5	6.8	14.2	475.8	24.68	3,621.3	2,575.3	6,181.7	131.7
2007		49P	23P	8.2P	6.6P	14.1P	490.9P	23.85P	3,117.7P	2,217.2P	5,322.1P	175.5P
2008		50P	22P	7.4P	6.0P	12.9P	470.7P	24.24P	3,090.1P	2,197.5P	5,274.9P	171.4P
2009		51P	22P	6.6P	5.3P	11.7P	450.4P	24.62P	3,062.5P	2,177.9P	5,227.8P	167.3P
2010		52P	21P	5.8P	4.7P	10.6P	430.2P	25.01P	3,034.9P	2,158.3P	5,180.6P	163.1P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1992	111	100	100	156	159	151	116	80	121	83	107	126
1997	48	51	75	121	124	122	102	84	106	125	114	188
2001		93	86	98	99	91	85	94	92	117	102	151
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		132	89	85	84	85	78	91	81	86	84	50
2004		166	96	78	79	80	76	95	87	112	95	73
2005		146	86	69	70	71	69	99	90	93	92	66
2006		119P	82P	65	67	66	68	105	103	132	113	77
2007		120P	80P	63P	65P	66P	71P	102P	89P	114P	98P	103P
2008		122P	79P	56P	59P	60P	68P	103P	88P	113P	97P	100P
2009		124P	78P	50P	52P	55P	65P	105P	87P	112P	96P	98P
2010		126P	76P	44P	46P	50P	62P	106P	87P	111P	95P	95P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	320	761	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	190,559	104
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	16,960,976	1,035	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	85,543,902	1,483
Payroll per Employee	39,053	53,084	136	Cost per Employee	137,446	267,733	195
Production Workers per Establishment	30	249	843	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	343,853	176
Wages per Establishment	694,845	12,260,634	1,765	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	132,860,976	1,191
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	49,283	209	Shipments per Employee	265,847	415,824	156
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,098	106	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	534,049	141
Wages per Hour	11.89	23.49	198	Investment per Establishment	361,338	4,165,854	1,153
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	47,407,317	881	Investment per Employee	8,609	13,038	151
Value Added per Employee	128,210	148,374	116	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	16,745	137

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 23 Total sales ($ mil): 43,024 Total employment (000): 125.0
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Alcoa Inc.	201 Isabella St.	Pittsburgh	PA	15212	Alain J.P. Belda	412-553-4545	P	30,379	107.0
Southwire Co.	PO Box 1000	Carrollton	GA	30112	Stuart Thorn	770-832-4242	R	3,200*	4.2
Century Aluminum Co.	2511 Garden Rd.	Monterey	CA	93940	Craig A. Davis	831-642-9300	P	1,798	1.9
Kaiser Aluminum Corp.	27422 Portola Pky.	Foothill Ranch	CA	92610		949-614-1740	P	1,505	2.4
Connell L.P.	1 International Pl.	Boston	MA	02110	Margot C. Connell	617-737-2700	R	1,429*	2.0
A.M. Castle and Co.	3400 N Wolf Rd.	Franklin Park	IL	60131	Michael H. Goldberg	847-455-7111	P	1,420	1.9
Noranda Aluminum Inc.	801 Crescent Centre	Franklin	TN	37067	William Brooks	615-771-5700	R	1,170*	<0.1
Wabash Alloys L.L.C.	PO Box 466	Wabash	IN	46992		260-563-7461	R	500*	0.3
Ormet Corp.	PO Box 176	Hannibal	OH	43931		724-483-1381	R	467*	2.0
MAXXAM Inc.	1330 Post Oak Blvd.	Houston	TX	77056	Charles E. Hurwitz	713-975-7600	P	292	0.5
Alcan Composites USA Inc.	PO Box 507	Benton	KY	42025		270-527-4200	R	224*	0.1
Phelps Dodge Magnet Wire Co.	806 Douglas Rd.	Coral Gables	FL	33134	Don Disque	305-648-8000	S	170*	1.3
Century Aluminum of WV	PO Box 98	Ravenswood	WV	26164	Craig Davis	304-273-6000	S	162*	0.6
N American Hoganas Holdings	PO Box 509	Hollsopple	PA	15935	Stan Kvist	814-479-2551	R	131*	<0.1
Columbia Falls Aluminum Co.	2000 Aluminum Dr.	Columbia Falls	MT	59912		406-892-8400	R	55*	0.1
Southwire Co. NSA Div.	1987 State Rte 271N	Hawesville	KY	42348	Stewart Thorn	270-927-6971	S	41*	0.3
Croft L.L.C.	PO Box 826	McComb	MS	39649		601-684-6121	R	33*	<0.1
New Age Industrial Corporation	PO Box 520	Norton	KS	67654	Larry Nelson	785-877-5121	R	18*	0.1
WJ Bullock Inc.	PO Box 539	Fairfield	AL	35064	William Bullock	205-788-6586	R	12*	<0.1
Modern Equipment Company Inc.	336 S Spring St.	Port Washington	WI	53074	Verne Socks	262-284-9431	S	7*	<0.1
Northwest Aluminum Specialties	3313 W 2nd St.	The Dalles	OR	97058		541-296-6161	R	5*	<0.1
Dantherm HMS Inc.	4260 Orchard Park	Spartanburg	SC	29303		864-595-9800	S	5*	<0.1
Penn Aluminmum International	PO Box 490	Murphysboro	IL	62966	Richard Smith	618-684-2146	R	1*	<0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED
Material		Quantity	Delivered Cost($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Aluminum and aluminum-base alloy ingot	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
All other aluminum and aluminum-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
Refined unalloyed copper (cathodes, ingots, cakes, slabs, etc.), including blister and anode copper	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
All other copper and copper-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
Magnesium and magnesium-base alloy ingot		(X)	37.9
All other magnesium and magnesium-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
All other nonferrous shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	17.8
Aluminum and aluminum-base alloy scrap (exc. home scrap)	1,000 s tons	6.5	7.0
All other nonferrous metal and metal-base alloy scrap		(X)	(D)
Alumina (gross weight)	1,000 s tons	5,227.5p	818.5
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies		(X)	901.4
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk		(X)	246.5

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
PRIMARY ALUMINUM	5,377.4

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	19.3	Manufg.	Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	33.8	Manufg.
Compensation of employees	17.9		Nonferrous metal foundries	10.8	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	16.7	Util.	Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	8.0	Manufg.
Carbon & graphite products	4.5	Manufg.	Motor vehicle parts	5.9	Manufg.
Truck transportation	3.5	Util.	Secondary smelting & alloying of aluminum	4.6	Manufg.
Natural gas distribution	2.9	Util.	Metal cans, boxes, & other containers (light gauge)	4.1	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	2.8	Services	Exports of goods & services	2.6	Cap Inv

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION - Continued
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C., January 2008. User should note that this Input-Output table is not for this particular narrowly defined industry but for a larger aggregate. Input and Output data for Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production include Input and Output data for the Annual Survey of Manufactures’ NAICS industries 33131A and 331312. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Wholesale trade	2.1	Trade	Travel trailers & campers	2.1	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	1.4	Mining	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	1.6	Manufg.
Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	1.2	Manufg.	Ornamental & architectural metal products	1.5	Manufg.
Noncomparable imports	1.0	Foreign	Valve & fittings other than plumbing	1.2	Manufg.
Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	0.9	Manufg.	Cutlery, utensils, pots, & pans	1.0	Manufg.
Industrial machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Manufacturing, nec	0.9	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.7	Manufg.	General purpose machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.
Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	0.7	Manufg.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.8	Manufg.
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.7	Manufg.	Wiring devices	0.8	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.6		Custom roll forming	0.7	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.6	Util.	Material handling equipment	0.7	Manufg.
Coal	0.5	Mining	Real estate	0.6	Fin/R.E.
Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.	Forging, stamping, & sintering, nec	0.5	Manufg.
Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	0.5	Manufg.	Wholesale trade	0.5	Trade
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.4	Construct.	Motors & generators	0.5	Manufg.
Paperboard containers	0.4	Manufg.	Motor homes	0.5	Manufg.
Specialized design services	0.3	Services	Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.3	Services	Handtools	0.5	Manufg.
Employment services	0.3	Services	Other S/L govt. enterprises	0.4	S/L Govt
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	0.3	Fin/R.E.	Electronic connectors	0.4	Manufg.
Management, scientific, & technical consulting	0.3	Services	Electronic components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Chemical products & preparations, nec	0.3	Manufg.	General/consumer goods rental, ex. video tape & disc	0.4	Fin/R.E.
Legal services	0.3	Services	Electrical equipment & components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Business support services	0.3	Services	Industrial process variable instruments	0.4	Manufg.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.3	Services	Motorcycles, bicycles, & parts	0.4	Manufg.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.2	Services	Industrial machinery, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Alkalies & chlorine	0.2	Manufg.	Aircraft parts & auxiliary equipment, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Basic inorganic chemicals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	General Federal government services, defense	0.3	Fed Govt
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.2	Services	Blinds & shades	0.3	Manufg.
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services	Crowns & closures & metal stamping	0.3	Manufg.
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.	Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.
Plastics packaging materials, film & sheet	0.2	Manufg.	Arms, ordnance, & accessories	0.3	Manufg.
Petroleum refineries	0.2	Manufg.	Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	0.3	Manufg.
Advertising & related services	0.2	Services	Household cooking appliances	0.3	Manufg.
Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	Video tape & disc rental	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Support services, nec	0.2	Services	Broadcast & wireless communications equipment	0.3	Manufg.
Motor vehicle parts	0.1	Manufg.	Transportation equipment, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Warehousing & storage	0.1	Util.	Household laundry equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.1	Services	Air purification & ventilation equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Investigation & security services	0.1	Services	Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers	0.2	Manufg.
Relay & industrial controls	0.1	Manufg.	Guided missiles & space vehicles	0.2	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.1	Manufg.	Pumps & pumping equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.1	Fin/R.E.	Bare printed circuit boards	0.2	Manufg.
Scrap	0.1	Scrap	Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.
			Search, detection, & navigation instruments	0.2	Manufg.
			Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
			Household refrigerators & home freezers	0.2	Manufg.
			Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
			Hardware	0.2	Manufg.
			Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.2	Services
			Sporting & athletic goods	0.2	Manufg.
			Packaging machinery	0.2	Manufg.
			Internet publishing & broadcasting	0.2	Services
			Services to buildings & dwellings	0.2	Services
			Custom architectural woodwork & millwork	0.2	Manufg.
			Metal & other household furniture	0.2	Manufg.
			Aircraft	0.1	Manufg.
			Communications equipment, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			Commercial & service industry machinery, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			AC, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment	0.1	Manufg.
			Internet service providers & web search portals	0.1	Services
			Magnetic & optical recording media	0.1	Manufg.
			Watches, clocks, & related devices	0.1	Manufg.
			Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers	0.1	Manufg.
			Telephone apparatus	0.1	Manufg.
			Sound recording industries	0.1	Services
			Plate work & fabricated structural products	0.1	Manufg.
			Analytical laboratory instruments	0.1	Manufg.
			Lighting fixtures	0.1	Manufg.
			Tobacco products	0.1	Manufg.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY ALUMINA & ALUMINUM PRODUCTION & PROCESSING
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Metal-refining furnace operators & tenders	5.4	-23.4	Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.2	-37.4
Cutting, punching, & press machine operators	5.2	-37.4	Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	2.1	-37.4
Extruding & drawing machine operators & tenders	4.6	-30.4	Electricians	2.0	-27.8
Industrial machinery mechanics	4.3	-20.0	Machinists	1.4	-26.9
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.2	-30.4	Packaging & filling machine operators & tenders	1.4	-37.4
Team assemblers	4.0	-30.4	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.3	-33.0
Rolling machine operators & tenders	3.6	-30.4	Plating & coating machine operators & tenders	1.2	-27.4
Maintenance & repair workers, general	3.2	-30.4	Heat treating equipment operators & tenders	1.1	-30.4
Multiple machine tool operators & tenders	3.1	-23.4	Molding, coremaking, & casting machine operators	1.1	-37.4
Helpers--Production workers	2.9	-30.4	First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics	1.1	-30.4
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	2.7	-34.4	Tool & die makers	1.0	-26.9
Packers & packagers, hand	2.7	-44.3	Metal workers & plastic workers, nec	1.0	-44.3
Pourers & casters, metal	2.5	-24.2

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE
State-level data are not available.

NAICS 331312 - Primary Aluminum Production

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NAICS 331312 - Primary Aluminum Production

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1992, 1997, 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from the Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses respectively, reported in the Federal Government's NAICS format. Other years were originally reported in equivalent SIC format. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1991		57	32	20.0	15.8	32.1	776.4	18.02	4,542.6	1,649.6	6,199.2	207.6
1992	30	41	28	20.4	16.2	32.3	805.9	18.81	4,226.9	1,609.8	5,848.9	215.0
1993		44	27	19.4	14.8	29.0	727.9	18.52	4,015.4	1,147.4	5,170.5	167.1
1994		41	29	18.5	13.9	26.9	706.1	19.20	3,797.6	1,794.3	5,576.6	120.7
1995		40	30	18.1	14.4	28.3	745.1	19.21	3,897.9	2,874.5	6,677.8	151.6
1996		49	31	17.6	14.0	28.5	750.0	19.35	3,835.0	2,020.3	5,933.1	207.0
1997	13	21	21	15.8	12.6	26.1	707.4	19.67	3,707.4	2,432.4	6,224.6	320.3
1998		28	21	16.3	13.1	26.6	730.5	19.71	3,913.0	2,299.4	6,211.9	394.5
1999		29	22	16.2	13.0	26.0	687.7	19.19	3,688.9	2,108.7	5,810.3	351.6
2000		32	22	14.8	11.9	24.4	662.5	19.98	3,918.1	2,103.7	6,028.6	350.9
2001		38	24	12.8	10.1	19.4	588.2	22.09	3,238.5	2,267.9	5,529.6	257.3
2002	27	41	28	13.1	10.2	21.4	695.4	23.49	3,507.3	1,943.7	5,447.3	170.8
2003		54	25	11.1	8.6	18.2	544.1	21.47	2,853.3	1,674.9	4,552.4	85.2
2004		68	27	10.2	8.1	17.1	525.3	22.31	3,048.4	2,172.2	5,155.0	125.4
2005		60	24	9.0	7.1	15.1	480.0	23.21	3,154.9	1,815.7	5,018.7	113.1
2006		49P	23P	8.5	6.8	14.2	475.8	24.68	3,621.3	2,575.3	6,181.7	131.7
2007		49P	23P	8.2P	6.6P	14.1P	490.9P	23.85P	3,117.7P	2,217.2P	5,322.1P	175.5P
2008		50P	22P	7.4P	6.0P	12.9P	470.7P	24.24P	3,090.1P	2,197.5P	5,274.9P	171.4P
2009		51P	22P	6.6P	5.3P	11.7P	450.4P	24.62P	3,062.5P	2,177.9P	5,227.8P	167.3P
2010		52P	21P	5.8P	4.7P	10.6P	430.2P	25.01P	3,034.9P	2,158.3P	5,180.6P	163.1P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1992	111	100	100	156	159	151	116	80	121	83	107	126
1997	48	51	75	121	124	122	102	84	106	125	114	188
2001		93	86	98	99	91	85	94	92	117	102	151
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		132	89	85	84	85	78	91	81	86	84	50
2004		166	96	78	79	80	76	95	87	112	95	73
2005		146	86	69	70	71	69	99	90	93	92	66
2006		119P	82P	65	67	66	68	105	103	132	113	77
2007		120P	80P	63P	65P	66P	71P	102P	89P	114P	98P	103P
2008		122P	79P	56P	59P	60P	68P	103P	88P	113P	97P	100P
2009		124P	78P	50P	52P	55P	65P	105P	87P	112P	96P	98P
2010		126P	76P	44P	46P	50P	62P	106P	87P	111P	95P	95P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	320	761	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	190,559	104
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	16,960,976	1,035	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	85,543,902	1,483
Payroll per Employee	39,053	53,084	136	Cost per Employee	137,446	267,733	195
Production Workers per Establishment	30	249	843	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	343,853	176
Wages per Establishment	694,845	12,260,634	1,765	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	132,860,976	1,191
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	49,283	209	Shipments per Employee	265,847	415,824	156
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,098	106	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	534,049	141
Wages per Hour	11.89	23.49	198	Investment per Establishment	361,338	4,165,854	1,153
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	47,407,317	881	Investment per Employee	8,609	13,038	151
Value Added per Employee	128,210	148,374	116	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	16,745	137

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 23 Total sales ($ mil): 43,024 Total employment (000): 125.0
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Alcoa Inc.	201 Isabella St.	Pittsburgh	PA	15212	Alain J.P. Belda	412-553-4545	P	30,379	107.0
Southwire Co.	PO Box 1000	Carrollton	GA	30112	Stuart Thorn	770-832-4242	R	3,200*	4.2
Century Aluminum Co.	2511 Garden Rd.	Monterey	CA	93940	Craig A. Davis	831-642-9300	P	1,798	1.9
Kaiser Aluminum Corp.	27422 Portola Pky.	Foothill Ranch	CA	92610		949-614-1740	P	1,505	2.4
Connell L.P.	1 International Pl.	Boston	MA	02110	Margot C. Connell	617-737-2700	R	1,429*	2.0
A.M. Castle and Co.	3400 N Wolf Rd.	Franklin Park	IL	60131	Michael H. Goldberg	847-455-7111	P	1,420	1.9
Noranda Aluminum Inc.	801 Crescent Centre	Franklin	TN	37067	William Brooks	615-771-5700	R	1,170*	<0.1
Wabash Alloys L.L.C.	PO Box 466	Wabash	IN	46992		260-563-7461	R	500*	0.3
Ormet Corp.	PO Box 176	Hannibal	OH	43931		724-483-1381	R	467*	2.0
MAXXAM Inc.	1330 Post Oak Blvd.	Houston	TX	77056	Charles E. Hurwitz	713-975-7600	P	292	0.5
Alcan Composites USA Inc.	PO Box 507	Benton	KY	42025		270-527-4200	R	224*	0.1
Phelps Dodge Magnet Wire Co.	806 Douglas Rd.	Coral Gables	FL	33134	Don Disque	305-648-8000	S	170*	1.3
Century Aluminum of WV	PO Box 98	Ravenswood	WV	26164	Craig Davis	304-273-6000	S	162*	0.6
N American Hoganas Holdings	PO Box 509	Hollsopple	PA	15935	Stan Kvist	814-479-2551	R	131*	<0.1
Columbia Falls Aluminum Co.	2000 Aluminum Dr.	Columbia Falls	MT	59912		406-892-8400	R	55*	0.1
Southwire Co. NSA Div.	1987 State Rte 271N	Hawesville	KY	42348	Stewart Thorn	270-927-6971	S	41*	0.3
Croft L.L.C.	PO Box 826	McComb	MS	39649		601-684-6121	R	33*	<0.1
New Age Industrial Corporation	PO Box 520	Norton	KS	67654	Larry Nelson	785-877-5121	R	18*	0.1
WJ Bullock Inc.	PO Box 539	Fairfield	AL	35064	William Bullock	205-788-6586	R	12*	<0.1
Modern Equipment Company Inc.	336 S Spring St.	Port Washington	WI	53074	Verne Socks	262-284-9431	S	7*	<0.1
Northwest Aluminum Specialties	3313 W 2nd St.	The Dalles	OR	97058		541-296-6161	R	5*	<0.1
Dantherm HMS Inc.	4260 Orchard Park	Spartanburg	SC	29303		864-595-9800	S	5*	<0.1
Penn Aluminmum International	PO Box 490	Murphysboro	IL	62966	Richard Smith	618-684-2146	R	1*	<0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED
Material		Quantity	Delivered Cost($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Aluminum and aluminum-base alloy ingot	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
All other aluminum and aluminum-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
Refined unalloyed copper (cathodes, ingots, cakes, slabs, etc.), including blister and anode copper	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
All other copper and copper-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
Magnesium and magnesium-base alloy ingot		(X)	37.9
All other magnesium and magnesium-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
All other nonferrous shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	17.8
Aluminum and aluminum-base alloy scrap (exc. home scrap)	1,000 s tons	6.5	7.0
All other nonferrous metal and metal-base alloy scrap		(X)	(D)
Alumina (gross weight)	1,000 s tons	5,227.5p	818.5
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies		(X)	901.4
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk		(X)	246.5

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
PRIMARY ALUMINUM	5,377.4

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	19.3	Manufg.	Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	33.8	Manufg.
Compensation of employees	17.9		Nonferrous metal foundries	10.8	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	16.7	Util.	Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	8.0	Manufg.
Carbon & graphite products	4.5	Manufg.	Motor vehicle parts	5.9	Manufg.
Truck transportation	3.5	Util.	Secondary smelting & alloying of aluminum	4.6	Manufg.
Natural gas distribution	2.9	Util.	Metal cans, boxes, & other containers (light gauge)	4.1	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	2.8	Services	Exports of goods & services	2.6	Cap Inv

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION - Continued
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C., January 2008. User should note that this Input-Output table is not for this particular narrowly defined industry but for a larger aggregate. Input and Output data for Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production include Input and Output data for the Annual Survey of Manufactures’ NAICS industries 33131A and 331312. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Wholesale trade	2.1	Trade	Travel trailers & campers	2.1	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	1.4	Mining	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	1.6	Manufg.
Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	1.2	Manufg.	Ornamental & architectural metal products	1.5	Manufg.
Noncomparable imports	1.0	Foreign	Valve & fittings other than plumbing	1.2	Manufg.
Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	0.9	Manufg.	Cutlery, utensils, pots, & pans	1.0	Manufg.
Industrial machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Manufacturing, nec	0.9	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.7	Manufg.	General purpose machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.
Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	0.7	Manufg.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.8	Manufg.
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.7	Manufg.	Wiring devices	0.8	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.6		Custom roll forming	0.7	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.6	Util.	Material handling equipment	0.7	Manufg.
Coal	0.5	Mining	Real estate	0.6	Fin/R.E.
Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.	Forging, stamping, & sintering, nec	0.5	Manufg.
Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	0.5	Manufg.	Wholesale trade	0.5	Trade
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.4	Construct.	Motors & generators	0.5	Manufg.
Paperboard containers	0.4	Manufg.	Motor homes	0.5	Manufg.
Specialized design services	0.3	Services	Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.3	Services	Handtools	0.5	Manufg.
Employment services	0.3	Services	Other S/L govt. enterprises	0.4	S/L Govt
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	0.3	Fin/R.E.	Electronic connectors	0.4	Manufg.
Management, scientific, & technical consulting	0.3	Services	Electronic components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Chemical products & preparations, nec	0.3	Manufg.	General/consumer goods rental, ex. video tape & disc	0.4	Fin/R.E.
Legal services	0.3	Services	Electrical equipment & components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Business support services	0.3	Services	Industrial process variable instruments	0.4	Manufg.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.3	Services	Motorcycles, bicycles, & parts	0.4	Manufg.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.2	Services	Industrial machinery, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Alkalies & chlorine	0.2	Manufg.	Aircraft parts & auxiliary equipment, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Basic inorganic chemicals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	General Federal government services, defense	0.3	Fed Govt
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.2	Services	Blinds & shades	0.3	Manufg.
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services	Crowns & closures & metal stamping	0.3	Manufg.
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.	Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.
Plastics packaging materials, film & sheet	0.2	Manufg.	Arms, ordnance, & accessories	0.3	Manufg.
Petroleum refineries	0.2	Manufg.	Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	0.3	Manufg.
Advertising & related services	0.2	Services	Household cooking appliances	0.3	Manufg.
Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	Video tape & disc rental	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Support services, nec	0.2	Services	Broadcast & wireless communications equipment	0.3	Manufg.
Motor vehicle parts	0.1	Manufg.	Transportation equipment, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Warehousing & storage	0.1	Util.	Household laundry equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.1	Services	Air purification & ventilation equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Investigation & security services	0.1	Services	Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers	0.2	Manufg.
Relay & industrial controls	0.1	Manufg.	Guided missiles & space vehicles	0.2	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.1	Manufg.	Pumps & pumping equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.1	Fin/R.E.	Bare printed circuit boards	0.2	Manufg.
Scrap	0.1	Scrap	Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.
			Search, detection, & navigation instruments	0.2	Manufg.
			Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
			Household refrigerators & home freezers	0.2	Manufg.
			Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
			Hardware	0.2	Manufg.
			Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.2	Services
			Sporting & athletic goods	0.2	Manufg.
			Packaging machinery	0.2	Manufg.
			Internet publishing & broadcasting	0.2	Services
			Services to buildings & dwellings	0.2	Services
			Custom architectural woodwork & millwork	0.2	Manufg.
			Metal & other household furniture	0.2	Manufg.
			Aircraft	0.1	Manufg.
			Communications equipment, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			Commercial & service industry machinery, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			AC, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment	0.1	Manufg.
			Internet service providers & web search portals	0.1	Services
			Magnetic & optical recording media	0.1	Manufg.
			Watches, clocks, & related devices	0.1	Manufg.
			Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers	0.1	Manufg.
			Telephone apparatus	0.1	Manufg.
			Sound recording industries	0.1	Services
			Plate work & fabricated structural products	0.1	Manufg.
			Analytical laboratory instruments	0.1	Manufg.
			Lighting fixtures	0.1	Manufg.
			Tobacco products	0.1	Manufg.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY ALUMINA & ALUMINUM PRODUCTION & PROCESSING
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Metal-refining furnace operators & tenders	5.4	-23.4	Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.2	-37.4
Cutting, punching, & press machine operators	5.2	-37.4	Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	2.1	-37.4
Extruding & drawing machine operators & tenders	4.6	-30.4	Electricians	2.0	-27.8
Industrial machinery mechanics	4.3	-20.0	Machinists	1.4	-26.9
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.2	-30.4	Packaging & filling machine operators & tenders	1.4	-37.4
Team assemblers	4.0	-30.4	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.3	-33.0
Rolling machine operators & tenders	3.6	-30.4	Plating & coating machine operators & tenders	1.2	-27.4
Maintenance & repair workers, general	3.2	-30.4	Heat treating equipment operators & tenders	1.1	-30.4
Multiple machine tool operators & tenders	3.1	-23.4	Molding, coremaking, & casting machine operators	1.1	-37.4
Helpers--Production workers	2.9	-30.4	First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics	1.1	-30.4
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	2.7	-34.4	Tool & die makers	1.0	-26.9
Packers & packagers, hand	2.7	-44.3	Metal workers & plastic workers, nec	1.0	-44.3
Pourers & casters, metal	2.5	-24.2