NAICS 331419 - Primary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metal (Except Copper and Aluminum)

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1992, 1997, 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from the Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses respectively, reported in the Federal Government's NAICS format. Other years were originally reported in equivalent SIC format. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1991		104	51	10.7	7.6	16.4	381.2	14.98	2,776.3	1,001.4	3,740.2	108.3
1992	101	113	53	8.6	6.2	13.6	337.9	16.31	1,621.6	828.4	2,468.6	146.3
1993		117	49	9.1	6.6	13.6	329.0	15.49	1,590.9	788.5	2,391.8	111.7
1994		110	46	9.3	6.6	14.3	329.8	14.25	1,913.9	854.7	2,784.2	107.0
1995		123	59	9.4	6.6	13.9	324.1	14.16	2,148.8	989.9	3,082.7	146.2
1996		122	52	10.5	7.4	15.9	389.8	17.89	2,384.4	1,047.5	3,401.4	191.6
1997	128	141	65	10.0	7.1	16.1	405.4	15.76	2,103.8	1,425.3	3,538.1	161.5
1998		157	73	9.6	6.7	14.2	379.5	16.58	1,900.5	1,481.6	3,367.2	155.7
1999		166	71	9.0	6.3	14.2	379.8	16.58	1,856.9	1,246.8	3,087.6	184.3
2000		164	73	9.2	6.2	13.1	401.0	18.70	1,520.6	1,271.9	2,794.0	167.6
2001		158	66	8.5	5.5	11.6	400.4	20.36	1,453.7	1,115.8	2,631.0	134.2
2002	153	170	59	7.6	4.9	10.3	359.3	20.06	1,297.5	964.1	2,246.4	187.5
2003		173	66	7.2	4.8	10.3	349.9	19.41	1,442.9	1,005.5	2,476.8	58.6
2004		168	70	6.5	4.3	9.9	344.2	19.51	1,801.7	1,082.4	2,881.0	75.6
2005		167	68	6.8	4.5	10.0	363.3	21.21			3,534.3	119.7
2006		187P	74P	6.5	4.5	10.0	373.4	22.27			4,835.2	256.3
2007		192P	75P	6.7P	4.3P	9.5P	376.1P	21.80P			3,337.2P	158.1P
2008		197P	77P	6.4P	4.1P	9.1P	377.3P	22.28P			3,367.6P	159.7P
2009		203P	78P	6.2P	3.9P	8.7P	378.6P	22.76P			3,398.0P	161.3P
2010		208P	80P	6.0P	3.7P	8.3P	379.8P	23.24P			3,428.4P	162.9P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1992	66	66	90	113	127	132	94	81	125	86	110	78
1997	84	83	110	132	145	156	113	79	162	148	158	86
2001		93	112	112	112	113	111	101	112	116	117	72
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		102	112	95	98	100	97	97	111	104	110	31
2004		99	119	86	88	96	96	97	139	112	128	40
2005		98	115	89	92	97	101	106			157	64
2006		110P	125P	86	92	97	104	111			215	137
2007		113P	127P	88P	88P	92P	105P	109P			149P	84P
2008		116P	130P	84P	84P	88P	105P	111P			150P	85P
2009		119P	133P	82P	80P	84P	105P	113P			151P	86P
2010		122P	135P	79P	76P	81P	106P	116P			153P	87P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	45	107	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	196,755	108
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	2,113,529	129	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	7,632,353	132
Payroll per Employee	39,053	47,276	121	Cost per Employee	137,446	170,724	124
Production Workers per Establishment	30	29	98	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	264,796	135
Wages per Establishment	694,845	1,215,400	175	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	13,214,118	118
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	42,167	179	Shipments per Employee	265,847	295,579	111
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,102	106	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	458,449	121
Wages per Hour	11.89	20.06	169	Investment per Establishment	361,338	1,102,941	305
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	5,671,176	105	Investment per Employee	8,609	24,671	287
Value Added per Employee	128,210	126,855	99	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	38,265	312

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 47 Total sales ($ mil): 15,655 Total employment (000): 27.1
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Stern Leach Co.	49 Pearl Street	Attleboro	MA	02703		508-222-7400	R	4,807*	0.4
Renco Group Inc.	30 Rockefeller Plz.	New York	NY	10112	Ira Leno Rennert	212-541-6000	R	1,900	9.4
Doe Run Resources Corp.	1801 Park 270 Dr.	Saint Louis	MO	63146		314-453-7100	R	1,890*	<0.1
Shin-Etsu Handotai America	PO Box 8965	Vancouver	WA	98668	Chihiro Kanagawa	360-883-7000	S	1,850*	0.7
Valhi Inc.	3 Lincoln Ctr, 5430	Dallas	TX	75240	Harold C. Simmons	972-233-1700	P	1,492	6.1
Starck, H C Inc.	45 Industrial Pl.	Nwtn Highland	MA	02461	Olaff Schmidtpak	617-630-5880	S	522*	0.4
Ormet Corp.	PO Box 176	Hannibal	OH	43931		724-483-1381	R	467*	2.0
Brush Wellman Inc.	17876 St. Clair Ave	Cleveland	OH	44110	Gordon Harnett	216-486-4200	S	313*	1.5
Mitsub Polycrystalline Silicon	7800 Mitsubishi Ln.	Theodore	AL	36582	Akira Seino	251-443-6440	R	288*	0.1
Horsehead Holding Corp.	300 Frankfort Rd.	Monaca	PA	15061	James M. Hensler	724-774-1020	S	264	1.0
Metalor USA Refining Corp.	PO Box 255	North Attleboro	MA	02761		508-699-8800	R	243*	0.2
Century Aluminum of WV	PO Box 98	Ravenswood	WV	26164	Craig Davis	304-273-6000	S	162*	0.6
Deloro Stellite Company Inc.	1201 Eisenhower Dr.	Goshen	IN	46526	Mark Aldridge	574-534-2585	R	153*	1.2
American Spring Wire Corp.	PO Box 46510	Cleveland	OH	44146		216-292-4620	R	153*	0.2
US Magnesium L.L.C.	238 N 2200 W	Salt Lake City	UT	84116		801-532-2043	R	147*	0.4
Louis Padnos Iron and Metal	PO Box 1979	Holland	MI	49422	Jeffrey S. Padnos	616-396-6521	R	123*	0.4
Strategic Minerals Corp.	30 Main St., 300	Danbury	CT	06810	Hien Enslin	203-790-1555	R	114*	<0.1
Big River Zinc Corp.	2401 Mississippi	E Saint Louis	IL	62201	George Obeldobel	618-274-5000	R	89*	0.3
Magnesium Elektron Inc.	500 Point Breeze Rd	Flemington	NJ	08822	Alan Foster	908-782-5800	R	84*	0.1
Rec Advanced Silicon Materials	119140 R Jones	Butte	MT	59750		406-496-9898	R	70*	0.2
Revere Smelting and Refining	65 Ballard Rd.	Middletown	NY	10941		845-692-4414	R	59*	0.2
I. Schumann and Co.	22500 Alexander	Bedford	OH	44146	Michael Schumann	440-439-2300	R	52*	0.2
Argen Corp.	5855 Oberlin Dr.	San Diego	CA	92121		858-455-7900	R	46*	0.1
Sipi Metals Corp.	1720 N Elston Ave.	Chicago	IL	60622		773-276-0070	R	42*	0.1
Berkshire Investments L.L.C.	1601 S 54th Ave.	Cicero	IL	60804		708-656-7900	R	40*	0.1
Muscle Shoals Minerals Inc.	510 Mulberry Ln.	Cherokee	AL	35616	Walter Johnson	256-370-7102	R	34*	<0.1
Sandvik Special Metals Corp.	PO Box 6027	Kennewick	WA	99336	Wayne Banko	509-586-4131	R	31*	0.1
CMW Inc.	PO Box 2266	Indianapolis	IN	46206	David Kogan	317-634-8884	R	25*	0.2
Semco Enterprises Inc.	475 Wilson Way	City of Industry	CA	91744	Tom Seminoff	626-333-2237	R	23*	<0.1
Sigmund Cohn Corp.	121 S Columbus	Mount Vernon	NY	10553	Thomas Cohn	914-664-5300	R	23*	<0.1
Jason Inc.	PO Box 399	Libertyville	IL	60048		847-362-8300	R	18*	0.1
Victors Three-D Inc.	25 Brook Ave.	Maywood	NJ	07607	Albert Hess	201-845-4433	R	17*	0.1
Metropolitan Alloys Inc.	17385 Ryan Rd.	Detroit	MI	48212	Murray Spilman	313-366-4443	R	17*	<0.1
Virginia Semiconductor Inc.	1501 Powhatan St.	Fredericksburg	VA	22401	Thomas Digges	540-373-2900	R	14*	<0.1
Flotech Inc.	PO Box 3824	Jacksonville	FL	32206	Richard Bazar	904-358-1849	R	12*	<0.1
Astro Molding Inc.	23 Wilson Dr.	Sparta	NJ	07871	John Schon	973-300-1508	R	12*	<0.1
Jackson Wheeler Metals Service	270 Georgia Ave.	Brooklyn	NY	11207	Eric Aitkin	718-342-5000	R	12*	<0.1
Advanced Chemical Co.	105 Bellows St.	Warwick	RI	02888		401-785-3434	R	12*	<0.1
Fisk Alloy Wire Inc.	PO Box 26	Hawthorne	NJ	07507	Eric Fisk	973-427-7550	R	11*	0.1
Vulcanium Metals Inc.	3045 Commercial	Northbrook	IL	60062	Richard Leopold	847-498-3111	R	6*	<0.1
Amorphous Materials Inc.	3130 Benton St.	Garland	TX	75042	Albert Hilton	972-494-5624	R	4*	<0.1
United States Antimony Corp.	PO Box 643	Thompson Falls	MT	59873	John C. Lawrence	406-827-3523	P	3	<0.1
Ames Metal Products Co.	4323 S Western	Chicago	IL	60609	Lewis Edelstein	773-523-3230	R	3*	<0.1
Rockford Rigging Inc.	5401 Mainsail Dr.	Roscoe	IL	61073	John Malcotte	815-877-0007	R	2*	<0.1
Wallace Refiners Inc.	15 W 47th St., 808	New York	NY	10036	Edward Beda	212-391-2211	R	2*	<0.1
BEM Services Inc.	17876 St. Clair Ave	Cleveland	OH	44110	Gordon Havnett	216-486-4200	S	1*	<0.1
Brush International Inc.	17876 St. Clair Ave	Cleveland	OH	44110	Mark M. Comerford	216-486-4200	S	1*	<0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED
Material		Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Refined unalloyed copper (cathodes, ingots, cakes, slabs, etc.), including blister and anode copper	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
Zinc and zinc-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)	1,000 s tons	48.3	39.6
Tin shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
Precious metals and metal alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	177.3
All other nonferrous shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	47.0
Mining copper ores, concentrates and precipitates (gross weight)	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
All other nonferrous metal ores and concentrates, incl. precious metal		(X)	221.6
Precious metal and precious metal alloy scrap		(X)	(D)
All other nonferrous metal and metal-base alloy scrap		(X)	135.4
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies		(X)	209.2
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk		(X)	62.5

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS, NEC	2,501.8	Primary lead smelter products not of commercial grade, produced for further refining	1,504.7
Refined primary zinc	245.0	Primary lead and lead-base alloys	264.7
Refined primary unalloyed zinc slab and zinc-base alloy, including unalloyed dust	239.6	Primary magnesium and magnesium-base alloys	124.9
Refined primary unalloyed zinc, including all ASTM specification zinc	153.3	Primary unalloyed silicon	333.3
Refined primary zinc-base alloys	86.3	Other primary unrefined nonferrous metals, including metal bearing furnace revenues, zinc residues, zinc smaller products (base bullion, matte, speiss, etc.) and other metal products	120.7
Refined primary zinc, nsk	5.4	Other primary refined nonferrous metals and alloys, including nickel, tin, cadmium, antimony, cobalt, molybdenum, titanium sponge, etc.	661.1
Primary precious metals and precious metal alloys	646.6	All other miscellaneous primary nonferrous metals, nsk	1.6
Primary gold and gold alloys	338.9	Primary nonferrous metals, nec, nsk, total	104.0
Primary silver and silver alloys	178.5
Primary platinum and platinum alloys, including platinum group metals	110.5
Primary precious metals and precious metal alloys, nsk	18.6
All other miscellaneous primary nonferrous metals

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR PRIMARY SMELTING AND REFINING OF NONFERROUS METAL
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., January 2008. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Compensation of employees	22.1		Semiconductors & related devices	22.3	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	16.3	Mining	Jewelry & silverware	12.3	Manufg.
Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	12.2	Manufg.	Exports of goods & services	9.8	Cap Inv
Wholesale trade	5.1	Trade	Storage batteries	7.5	Manufg.
Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc	4.7	Mining	Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	7.1	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	4.4	Util.	Wholesale trade	6.5	Trade
Scrap	4.4	Scrap	Motor vehicle parts	5.7	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	3.0	Services	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	4.2	Manufg.
Truck transportation	2.6	Util.	Retail trade	3.1	Trade
Primary smelting & refining of copper	1.8	Manufg.	Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	2.9	Manufg.
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	1.5	Fin/R.E.	Ferrous metal foundries	2.9	Manufg.
Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	1.4	Manufg.	Dental equipment & supplies	2.8	Manufg.
Natural gas distribution	1.3	Util.	Nonferrous metal foundries	1.6	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.9	Manufg.	Steel products from purchased steel	1.4	Manufg.
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.7	Fin/R.E.	Bare printed circuit boards	1.1	Manufg.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.7	Services	Dental laboratories	1.0	Manufg.
Legal services	0.7	Services	Wiring devices	0.7	Manufg.
Management, scientific, & technical consulting	0.7	Services	Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	0.7	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.6		Electronic connectors	0.7	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.6	Util.	Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	0.7	Manufg.
Noncomparable imports	0.5	Foreign	Primary smelting & refining of copper	0.6	Manufg.
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.5	Construct.	Copper rolling, drawing, extruding, & alloying	0.6	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.4	Services	Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers	0.6	Manufg.
Real estate	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.4	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Semiconductor machinery	0.4	Manufg.
Lessors of nonfinancial assets	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Communication & energy wires & cables	0.3	Manufg.
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.4	Manufg.	Primary batteries	0.2	Manufg.
Nondepository credit intermediation activities	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Personal & household goods repair/maintenance	0.2	Services
Food services & drinking places	0.3	Services	Watches, clocks, & related devices	0.2	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.	Motorcycles, bicycles, & parts	0.2	Manufg.
Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	0.3	Manufg.	Electronic components, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Advertising & related services	0.3	Services	Aircraft	0.1	Manufg.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.3	Services	Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.1	Services
Telecommunications	0.3	Services	Electron tubes	0.1	Manufg.
Paperboard containers	0.2	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.2	Services
Data processing, hosting, & related services	0.2	Services
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.2	Services
Coal	0.2	Mining
Scientific research & development services	0.2	Services
Monetary authorities/depository credit intermediation	0.2	Fin/R.E.
Warehousing & storage	0.2	Util.
Business support services	0.2	Services
Hotels & motels, including casino hotels	0.2	Services
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Air transportation	0.1	Util.
Other computer related services, including facilities	0.1	Services
Water transportation	0.1	Util.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY NONFERROUS METAL (EXCEPT ALUMINUM) PRODUCTION
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Extruding & drawing machine operators & tenders	8.7	-30.0	Team assemblers	2.0	-30.0
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.6	-30.0	Sales reps, wholesale & manufacturing, exc tech	1.9	-30.0
Metal-refining furnace operators & tenders	4.1	-23.0	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.8	-32.7
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	3.5	-34.0	Electricians	1.4	-27.5
Helpers--Production workers	3.0	-30.0	Pourers & casters, metal	1.4	-30.0
Maintenance & repair workers, general	2.9	-30.0	Heat treating equipment operators & tenders	1.4	-30.0
Machinists	2.8	-26.6	Assemblers & fabricators, nec	1.3	-37.0
Cutting, punching, & press machine operators	2.6	-37.0	General & operations managers	1.3	-37.0
Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.5	-37.0	Welders, cutters, solderers, & brazers	1.2	-25.6
Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	2.5	-37.0	Industrial production managers	1.2	-30.0
Industrial machinery mechanics	2.2	-19.6	Multiple machine tool operators & tenders	1.0	-23.0
Rolling machine operators & tenders	2.1	-30.0	Bookkeeping, accounting, & auditing clerks	1.0	-30.0
Coil winders, tapers, & finishers	2.1	-44.0

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE
State	Establishments	Shipments			Employment				Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee ($)
State	Establishments	Total ($ mil)	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Total Number	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Wages ($/hour)	Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee ($)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The states are in descending order of shipments or establishments (if shipment data are missing for the majority). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. States marked with (D) are sorted by number of establishments. A dash (-) indicates that the data element cannot be calculated. Data may not show all states active in the NAICS category. All data available at the time of publication are shown.
Pennsylvania	17	675.7	30.1	39,748.6	2,200	29.1	129	20.95	54.1	14,434
Michigan	6	152.5	6.8	25,410.0	446	5.9	74	30.51	55.0	4,957
New Jersey	8	95.5	4.3	11,940.5	483	6.4	60	24.53	53.0	2,302
New York	19	89.9	4.0	4,733.4	189	2.5	10	17.86	72.7	2,069
Tennessee	4	82.6	3.7	20,654.3	366	4.8	91	17.48	51.4	4,005

NAICS 331419 - Primary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metal (Except Copper and Aluminum)

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1992, 1997, 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from the Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses respectively, reported in the Federal Government's NAICS format. Other years were originally reported in equivalent SIC format. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1991		104	51	10.7	7.6	16.4	381.2	14.98	2,776.3	1,001.4	3,740.2	108.3
1992	101	113	53	8.6	6.2	13.6	337.9	16.31	1,621.6	828.4	2,468.6	146.3
1993		117	49	9.1	6.6	13.6	329.0	15.49	1,590.9	788.5	2,391.8	111.7
1994		110	46	9.3	6.6	14.3	329.8	14.25	1,913.9	854.7	2,784.2	107.0
1995		123	59	9.4	6.6	13.9	324.1	14.16	2,148.8	989.9	3,082.7	146.2
1996		122	52	10.5	7.4	15.9	389.8	17.89	2,384.4	1,047.5	3,401.4	191.6
1997	128	141	65	10.0	7.1	16.1	405.4	15.76	2,103.8	1,425.3	3,538.1	161.5
1998		157	73	9.6	6.7	14.2	379.5	16.58	1,900.5	1,481.6	3,367.2	155.7
1999		166	71	9.0	6.3	14.2	379.8	16.58	1,856.9	1,246.8	3,087.6	184.3
2000		164	73	9.2	6.2	13.1	401.0	18.70	1,520.6	1,271.9	2,794.0	167.6
2001		158	66	8.5	5.5	11.6	400.4	20.36	1,453.7	1,115.8	2,631.0	134.2
2002	153	170	59	7.6	4.9	10.3	359.3	20.06	1,297.5	964.1	2,246.4	187.5
2003		173	66	7.2	4.8	10.3	349.9	19.41	1,442.9	1,005.5	2,476.8	58.6
2004		168	70	6.5	4.3	9.9	344.2	19.51	1,801.7	1,082.4	2,881.0	75.6
2005		167	68	6.8	4.5	10.0	363.3	21.21			3,534.3	119.7
2006		187P	74P	6.5	4.5	10.0	373.4	22.27			4,835.2	256.3
2007		192P	75P	6.7P	4.3P	9.5P	376.1P	21.80P			3,337.2P	158.1P
2008		197P	77P	6.4P	4.1P	9.1P	377.3P	22.28P			3,367.6P	159.7P
2009		203P	78P	6.2P	3.9P	8.7P	378.6P	22.76P			3,398.0P	161.3P
2010		208P	80P	6.0P	3.7P	8.3P	379.8P	23.24P			3,428.4P	162.9P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1992	66	66	90	113	127	132	94	81	125	86	110	78
1997	84	83	110	132	145	156	113	79	162	148	158	86
2001		93	112	112	112	113	111	101	112	116	117	72
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		102	112	95	98	100	97	97	111	104	110	31
2004		99	119	86	88	96	96	97	139	112	128	40
2005		98	115	89	92	97	101	106			157	64
2006		110P	125P	86	92	97	104	111			215	137
2007		113P	127P	88P	88P	92P	105P	109P			149P	84P
2008		116P	130P	84P	84P	88P	105P	111P			150P	85P
2009		119P	133P	82P	80P	84P	105P	113P			151P	86P
2010		122P	135P	79P	76P	81P	106P	116P			153P	87P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	45	107	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	196,755	108
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	2,113,529	129	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	7,632,353	132
Payroll per Employee	39,053	47,276	121	Cost per Employee	137,446	170,724	124
Production Workers per Establishment	30	29	98	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	264,796	135
Wages per Establishment	694,845	1,215,400	175	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	13,214,118	118
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	42,167	179	Shipments per Employee	265,847	295,579	111
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,102	106	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	458,449	121
Wages per Hour	11.89	20.06	169	Investment per Establishment	361,338	1,102,941	305
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	5,671,176	105	Investment per Employee	8,609	24,671	287
Value Added per Employee	128,210	126,855	99	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	38,265	312

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 47 Total sales ($ mil): 15,655 Total employment (000): 27.1
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Stern Leach Co.	49 Pearl Street	Attleboro	MA	02703		508-222-7400	R	4,807*	0.4
Renco Group Inc.	30 Rockefeller Plz.	New York	NY	10112	Ira Leno Rennert	212-541-6000	R	1,900	9.4
Doe Run Resources Corp.	1801 Park 270 Dr.	Saint Louis	MO	63146		314-453-7100	R	1,890*	<0.1
Shin-Etsu Handotai America	PO Box 8965	Vancouver	WA	98668	Chihiro Kanagawa	360-883-7000	S	1,850*	0.7
Valhi Inc.	3 Lincoln Ctr, 5430	Dallas	TX	75240	Harold C. Simmons	972-233-1700	P	1,492	6.1
Starck, H C Inc.	45 Industrial Pl.	Nwtn Highland	MA	02461	Olaff Schmidtpak	617-630-5880	S	522*	0.4
Ormet Corp.	PO Box 176	Hannibal	OH	43931		724-483-1381	R	467*	2.0
Brush Wellman Inc.	17876 St. Clair Ave	Cleveland	OH	44110	Gordon Harnett	216-486-4200	S	313*	1.5
Mitsub Polycrystalline Silicon	7800 Mitsubishi Ln.	Theodore	AL	36582	Akira Seino	251-443-6440	R	288*	0.1
Horsehead Holding Corp.	300 Frankfort Rd.	Monaca	PA	15061	James M. Hensler	724-774-1020	S	264	1.0
Metalor USA Refining Corp.	PO Box 255	North Attleboro	MA	02761		508-699-8800	R	243*	0.2
Century Aluminum of WV	PO Box 98	Ravenswood	WV	26164	Craig Davis	304-273-6000	S	162*	0.6
Deloro Stellite Company Inc.	1201 Eisenhower Dr.	Goshen	IN	46526	Mark Aldridge	574-534-2585	R	153*	1.2
American Spring Wire Corp.	PO Box 46510	Cleveland	OH	44146		216-292-4620	R	153*	0.2
US Magnesium L.L.C.	238 N 2200 W	Salt Lake City	UT	84116		801-532-2043	R	147*	0.4
Louis Padnos Iron and Metal	PO Box 1979	Holland	MI	49422	Jeffrey S. Padnos	616-396-6521	R	123*	0.4
Strategic Minerals Corp.	30 Main St., 300	Danbury	CT	06810	Hien Enslin	203-790-1555	R	114*	<0.1
Big River Zinc Corp.	2401 Mississippi	E Saint Louis	IL	62201	George Obeldobel	618-274-5000	R	89*	0.3
Magnesium Elektron Inc.	500 Point Breeze Rd	Flemington	NJ	08822	Alan Foster	908-782-5800	R	84*	0.1
Rec Advanced Silicon Materials	119140 R Jones	Butte	MT	59750		406-496-9898	R	70*	0.2
Revere Smelting and Refining	65 Ballard Rd.	Middletown	NY	10941		845-692-4414	R	59*	0.2
I. Schumann and Co.	22500 Alexander	Bedford	OH	44146	Michael Schumann	440-439-2300	R	52*	0.2
Argen Corp.	5855 Oberlin Dr.	San Diego	CA	92121		858-455-7900	R	46*	0.1
Sipi Metals Corp.	1720 N Elston Ave.	Chicago	IL	60622		773-276-0070	R	42*	0.1
Berkshire Investments L.L.C.	1601 S 54th Ave.	Cicero	IL	60804		708-656-7900	R	40*	0.1
Muscle Shoals Minerals Inc.	510 Mulberry Ln.	Cherokee	AL	35616	Walter Johnson	256-370-7102	R	34*	<0.1
Sandvik Special Metals Corp.	PO Box 6027	Kennewick	WA	99336	Wayne Banko	509-586-4131	R	31*	0.1
CMW Inc.	PO Box 2266	Indianapolis	IN	46206	David Kogan	317-634-8884	R	25*	0.2
Semco Enterprises Inc.	475 Wilson Way	City of Industry	CA	91744	Tom Seminoff	626-333-2237	R	23*	<0.1
Sigmund Cohn Corp.	121 S Columbus	Mount Vernon	NY	10553	Thomas Cohn	914-664-5300	R	23*	<0.1
Jason Inc.	PO Box 399	Libertyville	IL	60048		847-362-8300	R	18*	0.1
Victors Three-D Inc.	25 Brook Ave.	Maywood	NJ	07607	Albert Hess	201-845-4433	R	17*	0.1
Metropolitan Alloys Inc.	17385 Ryan Rd.	Detroit	MI	48212	Murray Spilman	313-366-4443	R	17*	<0.1
Virginia Semiconductor Inc.	1501 Powhatan St.	Fredericksburg	VA	22401	Thomas Digges	540-373-2900	R	14*	<0.1
Flotech Inc.	PO Box 3824	Jacksonville	FL	32206	Richard Bazar	904-358-1849	R	12*	<0.1
Astro Molding Inc.	23 Wilson Dr.	Sparta	NJ	07871	John Schon	973-300-1508	R	12*	<0.1
Jackson Wheeler Metals Service	270 Georgia Ave.	Brooklyn	NY	11207	Eric Aitkin	718-342-5000	R	12*	<0.1
Advanced Chemical Co.	105 Bellows St.	Warwick	RI	02888		401-785-3434	R	12*	<0.1
Fisk Alloy Wire Inc.	PO Box 26	Hawthorne	NJ	07507	Eric Fisk	973-427-7550	R	11*	0.1
Vulcanium Metals Inc.	3045 Commercial	Northbrook	IL	60062	Richard Leopold	847-498-3111	R	6*	<0.1
Amorphous Materials Inc.	3130 Benton St.	Garland	TX	75042	Albert Hilton	972-494-5624	R	4*	<0.1
United States Antimony Corp.	PO Box 643	Thompson Falls	MT	59873	John C. Lawrence	406-827-3523	P	3	<0.1
Ames Metal Products Co.	4323 S Western	Chicago	IL	60609	Lewis Edelstein	773-523-3230	R	3*	<0.1
Rockford Rigging Inc.	5401 Mainsail Dr.	Roscoe	IL	61073	John Malcotte	815-877-0007	R	2*	<0.1
Wallace Refiners Inc.	15 W 47th St., 808	New York	NY	10036	Edward Beda	212-391-2211	R	2*	<0.1
BEM Services Inc.	17876 St. Clair Ave	Cleveland	OH	44110	Gordon Havnett	216-486-4200	S	1*	<0.1
Brush International Inc.	17876 St. Clair Ave	Cleveland	OH	44110	Mark M. Comerford	216-486-4200	S	1*	<0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED
Material		Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Refined unalloyed copper (cathodes, ingots, cakes, slabs, etc.), including blister and anode copper	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
Zinc and zinc-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)	1,000 s tons	48.3	39.6
Tin shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
Precious metals and metal alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	177.3
All other nonferrous shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	47.0
Mining copper ores, concentrates and precipitates (gross weight)	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
All other nonferrous metal ores and concentrates, incl. precious metal		(X)	221.6
Precious metal and precious metal alloy scrap		(X)	(D)
All other nonferrous metal and metal-base alloy scrap		(X)	135.4
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies		(X)	209.2
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk		(X)	62.5

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS, NEC	2,501.8	Primary lead smelter products not of commercial grade, produced for further refining	1,504.7
Refined primary zinc	245.0	Primary lead and lead-base alloys	264.7
Refined primary unalloyed zinc slab and zinc-base alloy, including unalloyed dust	239.6	Primary magnesium and magnesium-base alloys	124.9
Refined primary unalloyed zinc, including all ASTM specification zinc	153.3	Primary unalloyed silicon	333.3
Refined primary zinc-base alloys	86.3	Other primary unrefined nonferrous metals, including metal bearing furnace revenues, zinc residues, zinc smaller products (base bullion, matte, speiss, etc.) and other metal products	120.7
Refined primary zinc, nsk	5.4	Other primary refined nonferrous metals and alloys, including nickel, tin, cadmium, antimony, cobalt, molybdenum, titanium sponge, etc.	661.1
Primary precious metals and precious metal alloys	646.6	All other miscellaneous primary nonferrous metals, nsk	1.6
Primary gold and gold alloys	338.9	Primary nonferrous metals, nec, nsk, total	104.0
Primary silver and silver alloys	178.5
Primary platinum and platinum alloys, including platinum group metals	110.5
Primary precious metals and precious metal alloys, nsk	18.6
All other miscellaneous primary nonferrous metals

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR PRIMARY SMELTING AND REFINING OF NONFERROUS METAL
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., January 2008. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Compensation of employees	22.1		Semiconductors & related devices	22.3	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	16.3	Mining	Jewelry & silverware	12.3	Manufg.
Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	12.2	Manufg.	Exports of goods & services	9.8	Cap Inv
Wholesale trade	5.1	Trade	Storage batteries	7.5	Manufg.
Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc	4.7	Mining	Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	7.1	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	4.4	Util.	Wholesale trade	6.5	Trade
Scrap	4.4	Scrap	Motor vehicle parts	5.7	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	3.0	Services	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	4.2	Manufg.
Truck transportation	2.6	Util.	Retail trade	3.1	Trade
Primary smelting & refining of copper	1.8	Manufg.	Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	2.9	Manufg.
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	1.5	Fin/R.E.	Ferrous metal foundries	2.9	Manufg.
Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	1.4	Manufg.	Dental equipment & supplies	2.8	Manufg.
Natural gas distribution	1.3	Util.	Nonferrous metal foundries	1.6	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.9	Manufg.	Steel products from purchased steel	1.4	Manufg.
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.7	Fin/R.E.	Bare printed circuit boards	1.1	Manufg.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.7	Services	Dental laboratories	1.0	Manufg.
Legal services	0.7	Services	Wiring devices	0.7	Manufg.
Management, scientific, & technical consulting	0.7	Services	Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	0.7	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.6		Electronic connectors	0.7	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.6	Util.	Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	0.7	Manufg.
Noncomparable imports	0.5	Foreign	Primary smelting & refining of copper	0.6	Manufg.
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.5	Construct.	Copper rolling, drawing, extruding, & alloying	0.6	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.4	Services	Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers	0.6	Manufg.
Real estate	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.4	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Semiconductor machinery	0.4	Manufg.
Lessors of nonfinancial assets	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Communication & energy wires & cables	0.3	Manufg.
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.4	Manufg.	Primary batteries	0.2	Manufg.
Nondepository credit intermediation activities	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Personal & household goods repair/maintenance	0.2	Services
Food services & drinking places	0.3	Services	Watches, clocks, & related devices	0.2	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.	Motorcycles, bicycles, & parts	0.2	Manufg.
Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	0.3	Manufg.	Electronic components, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Advertising & related services	0.3	Services	Aircraft	0.1	Manufg.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.3	Services	Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.1	Services
Telecommunications	0.3	Services	Electron tubes	0.1	Manufg.
Paperboard containers	0.2	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.2	Services
Data processing, hosting, & related services	0.2	Services
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.2	Services
Coal	0.2	Mining
Scientific research & development services	0.2	Services
Monetary authorities/depository credit intermediation	0.2	Fin/R.E.
Warehousing & storage	0.2	Util.
Business support services	0.2	Services
Hotels & motels, including casino hotels	0.2	Services
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Air transportation	0.1	Util.
Other computer related services, including facilities	0.1	Services
Water transportation	0.1	Util.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY NONFERROUS METAL (EXCEPT ALUMINUM) PRODUCTION
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Extruding & drawing machine operators & tenders	8.7	-30.0	Team assemblers	2.0	-30.0
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.6	-30.0	Sales reps, wholesale & manufacturing, exc tech	1.9	-30.0
Metal-refining furnace operators & tenders	4.1	-23.0	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.8	-32.7
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	3.5	-34.0	Electricians	1.4	-27.5
Helpers--Production workers	3.0	-30.0	Pourers & casters, metal	1.4	-30.0
Maintenance & repair workers, general	2.9	-30.0	Heat treating equipment operators & tenders	1.4	-30.0
Machinists	2.8	-26.6	Assemblers & fabricators, nec	1.3	-37.0
Cutting, punching, & press machine operators	2.6	-37.0	General & operations managers	1.3	-37.0
Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.5	-37.0	Welders, cutters, solderers, & brazers	1.2	-25.6
Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	2.5	-37.0	Industrial production managers	1.2	-30.0
Industrial machinery mechanics	2.2	-19.6	Multiple machine tool operators & tenders	1.0	-23.0
Rolling machine operators & tenders	2.1	-30.0	Bookkeeping, accounting, & auditing clerks	1.0	-30.0
Coil winders, tapers, & finishers	2.1	-44.0

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE
State	Establishments	Shipments			Employment				Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee ($)
State	Establishments	Total ($ mil)	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Total Number	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Wages ($/hour)	Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee ($)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The states are in descending order of shipments or establishments (if shipment data are missing for the majority). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. States marked with (D) are sorted by number of establishments. A dash (-) indicates that the data element cannot be calculated. Data may not show all states active in the NAICS category. All data available at the time of publication are shown.
Pennsylvania	17	675.7	30.1	39,748.6	2,200	29.1	129	20.95	54.1	14,434
Michigan	6	152.5	6.8	25,410.0	446	5.9	74	30.51	55.0	4,957
New Jersey	8	95.5	4.3	11,940.5	483	6.4	60	24.53	53.0	2,302
New York	19	89.9	4.0	4,733.4	189	2.5	10	17.86	72.7	2,069
Tennessee	4	82.6	3.7	20,654.3	366	4.8	91	17.48	51.4	4,005

NAICS 331419 - Primary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metal (Except Copper and Aluminum)

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NAICS 331419 - Primary Smelting and Refining of Nonferrous Metal (Except Copper and Aluminum)

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1992, 1997, 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from the Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses respectively, reported in the Federal Government's NAICS format. Other years were originally reported in equivalent SIC format. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1991		104	51	10.7	7.6	16.4	381.2	14.98	2,776.3	1,001.4	3,740.2	108.3
1992	101	113	53	8.6	6.2	13.6	337.9	16.31	1,621.6	828.4	2,468.6	146.3
1993		117	49	9.1	6.6	13.6	329.0	15.49	1,590.9	788.5	2,391.8	111.7
1994		110	46	9.3	6.6	14.3	329.8	14.25	1,913.9	854.7	2,784.2	107.0
1995		123	59	9.4	6.6	13.9	324.1	14.16	2,148.8	989.9	3,082.7	146.2
1996		122	52	10.5	7.4	15.9	389.8	17.89	2,384.4	1,047.5	3,401.4	191.6
1997	128	141	65	10.0	7.1	16.1	405.4	15.76	2,103.8	1,425.3	3,538.1	161.5
1998		157	73	9.6	6.7	14.2	379.5	16.58	1,900.5	1,481.6	3,367.2	155.7
1999		166	71	9.0	6.3	14.2	379.8	16.58	1,856.9	1,246.8	3,087.6	184.3
2000		164	73	9.2	6.2	13.1	401.0	18.70	1,520.6	1,271.9	2,794.0	167.6
2001		158	66	8.5	5.5	11.6	400.4	20.36	1,453.7	1,115.8	2,631.0	134.2
2002	153	170	59	7.6	4.9	10.3	359.3	20.06	1,297.5	964.1	2,246.4	187.5
2003		173	66	7.2	4.8	10.3	349.9	19.41	1,442.9	1,005.5	2,476.8	58.6
2004		168	70	6.5	4.3	9.9	344.2	19.51	1,801.7	1,082.4	2,881.0	75.6
2005		167	68	6.8	4.5	10.0	363.3	21.21			3,534.3	119.7
2006		187P	74P	6.5	4.5	10.0	373.4	22.27			4,835.2	256.3
2007		192P	75P	6.7P	4.3P	9.5P	376.1P	21.80P			3,337.2P	158.1P
2008		197P	77P	6.4P	4.1P	9.1P	377.3P	22.28P			3,367.6P	159.7P
2009		203P	78P	6.2P	3.9P	8.7P	378.6P	22.76P			3,398.0P	161.3P
2010		208P	80P	6.0P	3.7P	8.3P	379.8P	23.24P			3,428.4P	162.9P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1992	66	66	90	113	127	132	94	81	125	86	110	78
1997	84	83	110	132	145	156	113	79	162	148	158	86
2001		93	112	112	112	113	111	101	112	116	117	72
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		102	112	95	98	100	97	97	111	104	110	31
2004		99	119	86	88	96	96	97	139	112	128	40
2005		98	115	89	92	97	101	106			157	64
2006		110P	125P	86	92	97	104	111			215	137
2007		113P	127P	88P	88P	92P	105P	109P			149P	84P
2008		116P	130P	84P	84P	88P	105P	111P			150P	85P
2009		119P	133P	82P	80P	84P	105P	113P			151P	86P
2010		122P	135P	79P	76P	81P	106P	116P			153P	87P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	45	107	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	196,755	108
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	2,113,529	129	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	7,632,353	132
Payroll per Employee	39,053	47,276	121	Cost per Employee	137,446	170,724	124
Production Workers per Establishment	30	29	98	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	264,796	135
Wages per Establishment	694,845	1,215,400	175	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	13,214,118	118
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	42,167	179	Shipments per Employee	265,847	295,579	111
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,102	106	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	458,449	121
Wages per Hour	11.89	20.06	169	Investment per Establishment	361,338	1,102,941	305
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	5,671,176	105	Investment per Employee	8,609	24,671	287
Value Added per Employee	128,210	126,855	99	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	38,265	312

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 47 Total sales ($ mil): 15,655 Total employment (000): 27.1
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Stern Leach Co.	49 Pearl Street	Attleboro	MA	02703		508-222-7400	R	4,807*	0.4
Renco Group Inc.	30 Rockefeller Plz.	New York	NY	10112	Ira Leno Rennert	212-541-6000	R	1,900	9.4
Doe Run Resources Corp.	1801 Park 270 Dr.	Saint Louis	MO	63146		314-453-7100	R	1,890*	<0.1
Shin-Etsu Handotai America	PO Box 8965	Vancouver	WA	98668	Chihiro Kanagawa	360-883-7000	S	1,850*	0.7
Valhi Inc.	3 Lincoln Ctr, 5430	Dallas	TX	75240	Harold C. Simmons	972-233-1700	P	1,492	6.1
Starck, H C Inc.	45 Industrial Pl.	Nwtn Highland	MA	02461	Olaff Schmidtpak	617-630-5880	S	522*	0.4
Ormet Corp.	PO Box 176	Hannibal	OH	43931		724-483-1381	R	467*	2.0
Brush Wellman Inc.	17876 St. Clair Ave	Cleveland	OH	44110	Gordon Harnett	216-486-4200	S	313*	1.5
Mitsub Polycrystalline Silicon	7800 Mitsubishi Ln.	Theodore	AL	36582	Akira Seino	251-443-6440	R	288*	0.1
Horsehead Holding Corp.	300 Frankfort Rd.	Monaca	PA	15061	James M. Hensler	724-774-1020	S	264	1.0
Metalor USA Refining Corp.	PO Box 255	North Attleboro	MA	02761		508-699-8800	R	243*	0.2
Century Aluminum of WV	PO Box 98	Ravenswood	WV	26164	Craig Davis	304-273-6000	S	162*	0.6
Deloro Stellite Company Inc.	1201 Eisenhower Dr.	Goshen	IN	46526	Mark Aldridge	574-534-2585	R	153*	1.2
American Spring Wire Corp.	PO Box 46510	Cleveland	OH	44146		216-292-4620	R	153*	0.2
US Magnesium L.L.C.	238 N 2200 W	Salt Lake City	UT	84116		801-532-2043	R	147*	0.4
Louis Padnos Iron and Metal	PO Box 1979	Holland	MI	49422	Jeffrey S. Padnos	616-396-6521	R	123*	0.4
Strategic Minerals Corp.	30 Main St., 300	Danbury	CT	06810	Hien Enslin	203-790-1555	R	114*	<0.1
Big River Zinc Corp.	2401 Mississippi	E Saint Louis	IL	62201	George Obeldobel	618-274-5000	R	89*	0.3
Magnesium Elektron Inc.	500 Point Breeze Rd	Flemington	NJ	08822	Alan Foster	908-782-5800	R	84*	0.1
Rec Advanced Silicon Materials	119140 R Jones	Butte	MT	59750		406-496-9898	R	70*	0.2
Revere Smelting and Refining	65 Ballard Rd.	Middletown	NY	10941		845-692-4414	R	59*	0.2
I. Schumann and Co.	22500 Alexander	Bedford	OH	44146	Michael Schumann	440-439-2300	R	52*	0.2
Argen Corp.	5855 Oberlin Dr.	San Diego	CA	92121		858-455-7900	R	46*	0.1
Sipi Metals Corp.	1720 N Elston Ave.	Chicago	IL	60622		773-276-0070	R	42*	0.1
Berkshire Investments L.L.C.	1601 S 54th Ave.	Cicero	IL	60804		708-656-7900	R	40*	0.1
Muscle Shoals Minerals Inc.	510 Mulberry Ln.	Cherokee	AL	35616	Walter Johnson	256-370-7102	R	34*	<0.1
Sandvik Special Metals Corp.	PO Box 6027	Kennewick	WA	99336	Wayne Banko	509-586-4131	R	31*	0.1
CMW Inc.	PO Box 2266	Indianapolis	IN	46206	David Kogan	317-634-8884	R	25*	0.2
Semco Enterprises Inc.	475 Wilson Way	City of Industry	CA	91744	Tom Seminoff	626-333-2237	R	23*	<0.1
Sigmund Cohn Corp.	121 S Columbus	Mount Vernon	NY	10553	Thomas Cohn	914-664-5300	R	23*	<0.1
Jason Inc.	PO Box 399	Libertyville	IL	60048		847-362-8300	R	18*	0.1
Victors Three-D Inc.	25 Brook Ave.	Maywood	NJ	07607	Albert Hess	201-845-4433	R	17*	0.1
Metropolitan Alloys Inc.	17385 Ryan Rd.	Detroit	MI	48212	Murray Spilman	313-366-4443	R	17*	<0.1
Virginia Semiconductor Inc.	1501 Powhatan St.	Fredericksburg	VA	22401	Thomas Digges	540-373-2900	R	14*	<0.1
Flotech Inc.	PO Box 3824	Jacksonville	FL	32206	Richard Bazar	904-358-1849	R	12*	<0.1
Astro Molding Inc.	23 Wilson Dr.	Sparta	NJ	07871	John Schon	973-300-1508	R	12*	<0.1
Jackson Wheeler Metals Service	270 Georgia Ave.	Brooklyn	NY	11207	Eric Aitkin	718-342-5000	R	12*	<0.1
Advanced Chemical Co.	105 Bellows St.	Warwick	RI	02888		401-785-3434	R	12*	<0.1
Fisk Alloy Wire Inc.	PO Box 26	Hawthorne	NJ	07507	Eric Fisk	973-427-7550	R	11*	0.1
Vulcanium Metals Inc.	3045 Commercial	Northbrook	IL	60062	Richard Leopold	847-498-3111	R	6*	<0.1
Amorphous Materials Inc.	3130 Benton St.	Garland	TX	75042	Albert Hilton	972-494-5624	R	4*	<0.1
United States Antimony Corp.	PO Box 643	Thompson Falls	MT	59873	John C. Lawrence	406-827-3523	P	3	<0.1
Ames Metal Products Co.	4323 S Western	Chicago	IL	60609	Lewis Edelstein	773-523-3230	R	3*	<0.1
Rockford Rigging Inc.	5401 Mainsail Dr.	Roscoe	IL	61073	John Malcotte	815-877-0007	R	2*	<0.1
Wallace Refiners Inc.	15 W 47th St., 808	New York	NY	10036	Edward Beda	212-391-2211	R	2*	<0.1
BEM Services Inc.	17876 St. Clair Ave	Cleveland	OH	44110	Gordon Havnett	216-486-4200	S	1*	<0.1
Brush International Inc.	17876 St. Clair Ave	Cleveland	OH	44110	Mark M. Comerford	216-486-4200	S	1*	<0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED
Material		Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Refined unalloyed copper (cathodes, ingots, cakes, slabs, etc.), including blister and anode copper	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
Zinc and zinc-base alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)	1,000 s tons	48.3	39.6
Tin shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	(D)
Precious metals and metal alloy shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	177.3
All other nonferrous shapes and forms (exc. castings, forgings, fabr. metal products)		(X)	47.0
Mining copper ores, concentrates and precipitates (gross weight)	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
All other nonferrous metal ores and concentrates, incl. precious metal		(X)	221.6
Precious metal and precious metal alloy scrap		(X)	(D)
All other nonferrous metal and metal-base alloy scrap		(X)	135.4
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies		(X)	209.2
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk		(X)	62.5

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
PRIMARY NONFERROUS METALS, NEC	2,501.8	Primary lead smelter products not of commercial grade, produced for further refining	1,504.7
Refined primary zinc	245.0	Primary lead and lead-base alloys	264.7
Refined primary unalloyed zinc slab and zinc-base alloy, including unalloyed dust	239.6	Primary magnesium and magnesium-base alloys	124.9
Refined primary unalloyed zinc, including all ASTM specification zinc	153.3	Primary unalloyed silicon	333.3
Refined primary zinc-base alloys	86.3	Other primary unrefined nonferrous metals, including metal bearing furnace revenues, zinc residues, zinc smaller products (base bullion, matte, speiss, etc.) and other metal products	120.7
Refined primary zinc, nsk	5.4	Other primary refined nonferrous metals and alloys, including nickel, tin, cadmium, antimony, cobalt, molybdenum, titanium sponge, etc.	661.1
Primary precious metals and precious metal alloys	646.6	All other miscellaneous primary nonferrous metals, nsk	1.6
Primary gold and gold alloys	338.9	Primary nonferrous metals, nec, nsk, total	104.0
Primary silver and silver alloys	178.5
Primary platinum and platinum alloys, including platinum group metals	110.5
Primary precious metals and precious metal alloys, nsk	18.6
All other miscellaneous primary nonferrous metals

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR PRIMARY SMELTING AND REFINING OF NONFERROUS METAL
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., January 2008. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Compensation of employees	22.1		Semiconductors & related devices	22.3	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	16.3	Mining	Jewelry & silverware	12.3	Manufg.
Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	12.2	Manufg.	Exports of goods & services	9.8	Cap Inv
Wholesale trade	5.1	Trade	Storage batteries	7.5	Manufg.
Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc	4.7	Mining	Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	7.1	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	4.4	Util.	Wholesale trade	6.5	Trade
Scrap	4.4	Scrap	Motor vehicle parts	5.7	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	3.0	Services	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	4.2	Manufg.
Truck transportation	2.6	Util.	Retail trade	3.1	Trade
Primary smelting & refining of copper	1.8	Manufg.	Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	2.9	Manufg.
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	1.5	Fin/R.E.	Ferrous metal foundries	2.9	Manufg.
Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	1.4	Manufg.	Dental equipment & supplies	2.8	Manufg.
Natural gas distribution	1.3	Util.	Nonferrous metal foundries	1.6	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.9	Manufg.	Steel products from purchased steel	1.4	Manufg.
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.7	Fin/R.E.	Bare printed circuit boards	1.1	Manufg.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.7	Services	Dental laboratories	1.0	Manufg.
Legal services	0.7	Services	Wiring devices	0.7	Manufg.
Management, scientific, & technical consulting	0.7	Services	Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	0.7	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.6		Electronic connectors	0.7	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.6	Util.	Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	0.7	Manufg.
Noncomparable imports	0.5	Foreign	Primary smelting & refining of copper	0.6	Manufg.
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.5	Construct.	Copper rolling, drawing, extruding, & alloying	0.6	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.4	Services	Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers	0.6	Manufg.
Real estate	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.4	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Semiconductor machinery	0.4	Manufg.
Lessors of nonfinancial assets	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Communication & energy wires & cables	0.3	Manufg.
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.4	Manufg.	Primary batteries	0.2	Manufg.
Nondepository credit intermediation activities	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Personal & household goods repair/maintenance	0.2	Services
Food services & drinking places	0.3	Services	Watches, clocks, & related devices	0.2	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.	Motorcycles, bicycles, & parts	0.2	Manufg.
Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	0.3	Manufg.	Electronic components, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Advertising & related services	0.3	Services	Aircraft	0.1	Manufg.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.3	Services	Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.1	Services
Telecommunications	0.3	Services	Electron tubes	0.1	Manufg.
Paperboard containers	0.2	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.2	Services
Data processing, hosting, & related services	0.2	Services
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.2	Services
Coal	0.2	Mining
Scientific research & development services	0.2	Services
Monetary authorities/depository credit intermediation	0.2	Fin/R.E.
Warehousing & storage	0.2	Util.
Business support services	0.2	Services
Hotels & motels, including casino hotels	0.2	Services
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Air transportation	0.1	Util.
Other computer related services, including facilities	0.1	Services
Water transportation	0.1	Util.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY NONFERROUS METAL (EXCEPT ALUMINUM) PRODUCTION
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Extruding & drawing machine operators & tenders	8.7	-30.0	Team assemblers	2.0	-30.0
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.6	-30.0	Sales reps, wholesale & manufacturing, exc tech	1.9	-30.0
Metal-refining furnace operators & tenders	4.1	-23.0	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.8	-32.7
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	3.5	-34.0	Electricians	1.4	-27.5
Helpers--Production workers	3.0	-30.0	Pourers & casters, metal	1.4	-30.0
Maintenance & repair workers, general	2.9	-30.0	Heat treating equipment operators & tenders	1.4	-30.0
Machinists	2.8	-26.6	Assemblers & fabricators, nec	1.3	-37.0
Cutting, punching, & press machine operators	2.6	-37.0	General & operations managers	1.3	-37.0
Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.5	-37.0	Welders, cutters, solderers, & brazers	1.2	-25.6
Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	2.5	-37.0	Industrial production managers	1.2	-30.0
Industrial machinery mechanics	2.2	-19.6	Multiple machine tool operators & tenders	1.0	-23.0
Rolling machine operators & tenders	2.1	-30.0	Bookkeeping, accounting, & auditing clerks	1.0	-30.0
Coil winders, tapers, & finishers	2.1	-44.0

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE
State	Establishments	Shipments			Employment				Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee ($)
State	Establishments	Total ($ mil)	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Total Number	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Wages ($/hour)	Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee ($)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The states are in descending order of shipments or establishments (if shipment data are missing for the majority). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. States marked with (D) are sorted by number of establishments. A dash (-) indicates that the data element cannot be calculated. Data may not show all states active in the NAICS category. All data available at the time of publication are shown.
Pennsylvania	17	675.7	30.1	39,748.6	2,200	29.1	129	20.95	54.1	14,434
Michigan	6	152.5	6.8	25,410.0	446	5.9	74	30.51	55.0	4,957
New Jersey	8	95.5	4.3	11,940.5	483	6.4	60	24.53	53.0	2,302
New York	19	89.9	4.0	4,733.4	189	2.5	10	17.86	72.7	2,069
Tennessee	4	82.6	3.7	20,654.3	366	4.8	91	17.48	51.4	4,005