NAICS 32712N - Refractory Manufacturing*

*Equivalent to Federal Government NAICS 327124, 327125.

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1992, 1997, 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from the Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses respectively, reported in the Federal Government's NAICS format. Other years were originally reported in equivalent SIC format. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1991		283	161	14.5	10.2	20.2	407.3	12.70	965.4	888.0	1,859.6	45.0
1992	196	287	167	14.3	10.1	20.2	433.0	13.25	994.2	1,086.1	2,090.3	69.5
1993		298	161	13.8	9.8	20.3	441.6	13.76	946.6	1,084.4	2,024.9	69.7
1994		287	158	13.4	9.6	19.7	426.6	13.89	1,056.5	1,135.1	2,171.0	57.6
1995		284	160	14.3	10.3	21.0	473.9	14.69	1,098.6	1,259.0	2,328.6	52.5
1996		298	170	13.9	10.2	20.6	475.0	15.04	1,084.7	1,338.3	2,436.7	61.3
1997	205	273	153	13.7	10.0	20.9	498.4	15.68	1,187.3	1,338.6	2,536.6	120.4
1998		295	164	13.5	9.8	20.3	498.2	15.95	1,158.4	1,404.9	2,573.4	129.4
1999		278	159	13.2	9.9	20.4	499.6	16.28	1,095.7	1,353.7	2,451.6	128.3
2000		274	151	12.2	8.8	17.9	485.7	17.02	1,092.0	1,223.7	2,306.4	113.9
2001		271	153	11.0	7.9	16.1	430.0	16.75	946.2	1,093.3	2,064.8	66.5
2002	197	243	128	10.4	7.5	15.1	408.8	17.31	943.8	1,146.2	2,096.8	58.3
2003		235	125	9.3	6.6	13.6	386.3	17.64	917.6	1,067.0	2,001.1	53.6
2004		227	116	9.0	6.4	13.1	383.4	18.66	898.8	1,133.8	2,027.3	58.2
2005		229	130	8.8	6.5	13.1	393.2	19.06	958.9	1,195.1	2,128.1	73.0
2006		233P	125P	9.1	6.6	13.2	415.3	20.15	1,072.5	1,219.9	2,283.4	46.9
2007		229P	122P	8.5P	6.3P	12.8P	414.5P	19.94P	1,044.8P	1,188.4P	2,224.4P	74.7P
2008		224P	119P	8.1P	6.0P	12.2P	411.4P	20.39P	1,045.5P	1,189.2P	2,226.0P	74.7P
2009		219P	116P	7.7P	5.7P	11.6P	408.3P	20.84P	1,046.3P	1,190.0P	2,227.5P	74.6P
2010		215P	113P	7.3P	5.4P	11.0P	405.2P	21.29P	1,047.0P	1,190.9P	2,229.1P	74.5P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1992	99	118	130	138	135	134	106	77	105	95	100	119
1997	104	112	120	132	133	138	122	91	126	117	121	207
2001		112	120	106	105	107	105	97	100	95	98	114
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		97	98	89	88	90	94	102	97	93	95	92
2004		93	91	87	85	87	94	108	95	99	97	100
2005		94	102	85	87	87	96	110	102	104	101	125
2006		96P	98P	87	88	87	102	116	114	106	109	80
2007		94P	95P	82P	84P	85P	101P	115P	111P	104P	106P	128P
2008		92P	93P	78P	80P	81P	101P	118P	111P	104P	106P	128P
2009		90P	91P	74P	76P	77P	100P	120P	111P	104P	106P	128P
2010		88P	88P	70P	72P	73P	99P	123P	111P	104P	106P	128P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	43	102	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	152,827	84
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	1,682,305	103	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	3,883,951	67
Payroll per Employee	39,053	39,308	101	Cost per Employee	137,446	90,750	66
Production Workers per Establishment	30	31	105	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	125,840	64
Wages per Establishment	694,845	1,075,642	155	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	8,628,807	77
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	34,851	148	Shipments per Employee	265,847	201,615	76
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,013	102	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	279,573	74
Wages per Hour	11.89	17.31	146	Investment per Establishment	361,338	239,918	66
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	4,716,872	88	Investment per Employee	8,609	5,606	65
Value Added per Employee	128,210	110,212	86	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	7,773	63

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 59 Total sales ($ mil): 13,953 Total employment (000): 11.6
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Saint-Gobain Abrasives Inc.	1 New Bond St.	Worcester	MA	01606	Jean Phelizon	508-795-5000	R	6,831*	2.5
Pacific Coast Building Prods	PO Box 419074	Rancho Cordova	CA	95741	David Pringle	916-631-6500	R	4,284*	4.5
Global Industrial Technologies	400 Fairway Dr.	Coraopolis	PA	15108	Jon Allegretti	412-375-6600	R	1,680*	0.2
Alldyne Powder Technologies	7300 Hwy. 20 W	Huntsville	AL	35806	L. Patrick Hassey	256-837-1311	S	254*	0.5
Quikrete Co's Inc.	3490 Piedmont NE	Atlanta	GA	30305	Gene Winchester	404-634-9100	R	111*	<0.1
Allied Mineral Products Inc.	2700 Scioto Pkwy.	Columbus	OH	43221	Jon Tabor	614-876-0244	R	78*	0.3
Corhart Refractories Corp.	10300 Ormsby Prk	Louisville	KY	40223	Thomas Larkin	502-778-3311	R	77*	0.4
Keystone Cement Co.	PO Box A	Bath	PA	18014	Manuel Llop	610-837-1881	S	53*	0.2
Magneco Metrel Inc.	223 W Interstate Rd	Addison	IL	60101	Charles Connors	630-543-6660	R	47*	<0.1
Monofrax Inc.	1870 New York	Falconer	NY	14733		716-483-7200	R	45*	0.2
Charles Blalock and Sons Inc.	PO Box 4750	Sevierville	TN	37864	James Blalock	865-453-2808	R	31*	0.3
Commercial Brick Corp.	PO Box 1382	Wewoka	OK	74884	Bob Hartsock	405-257-6613	R	30*	0.2
Clay Endicott Products Co.	PO Box 17	Fairbury	NE	68352	Roger Judd	402-729-3315	R	25*	0.2
BPI Inc.	612 S Trenton Ave.	Pittsburgh	PA	15221	Joseph Quigley	412-371-8554	R	20*	<0.1
International Chimney Corp.	PO Box 260	Buffalo	NY	14231	Richard Lohr	716-634-3967	R	20*	<0.1
Jamo Inc.	8850 NW 79th Ave.	Miami	FL	33166		305-885-3444	S	20*	0.1
Worldwide Refractories Inc.	PO Box 28	Tarentum	PA	15084	William Brown	724-224-8800	R	19*	0.1
MINCO	PO Box 80	Hartland	WI	53029	Joel Falk	262-367-4421	R	19*	0.2
TYK AMERICA Inc.	301 Brickyard Rd.	Clairton	PA	15025	Kenichi Sasaki	412-384-4259	R	17*	<0.1
Riverside Clay Company Inc.	201 Truss Ferry Rd.	Pell City	AL	35128	John Morris	205-338-3366	R	16*	<0.1
Heater Specialists L.L.C.	PO Box 582707	Tulsa	OK	74158	Don Mellott	918-835-3126	R	16*	<0.1
Alpha Resources Inc.	PO Box 199	Stevensville	MI	49127	Philip Lunsford	269-465-5559	R	16*	<0.1
Crystal Specialties Inc.	2853 Janitell Rd.	Colorado Spgs	CO	80906	Janice Hendricks	719-540-0990	R	15*	<0.1
Bnz Materials Inc.	6901 S Pierce St.	Littleton	CO	80128	J Hulce	303-978-1199	R	14*	<0.1
United Elchem Industries Inc.	11535 Reeder Rd.	Dallas	TX	75229		972-241-6601	R	13*	<0.1
Wahl Refractories L.L.C.	767 S State Rte. 19	Fremont	OH	43420		419-334-2658	R	12*	<0.1
Universal Refractories Inc.	PO Box 97	Wampum	PA	16157	Walter Sylvester	724-535-4374	R	12*	<0.1
Saxonburg Ceramics Inc.	PO Box 688	Saxonburg	PA	16056	Furman South	724-352-1561	R	11*	0.1
New Castle Refractories Co.	915 Industrial St.	New Castle	PA	16102	Thomas Shaffer	724-654-7711	R	11*	<0.1
Matthews Cremation Division	2045 Sprint Blvd.	Apopka	FL	32703	Paul F. Rahill	407-886-5533	S	10*	<0.1
Joy-Mark Inc.	2121 E Norse Ave.	Cudahy	WI	53110	Brent Lovejoy	414-769-8155	R	10*	<0.1
Bloom Engineering Company Inc.	5460 Horning Rd.	Pittsburgh	PA	15236	Christopher Armitage	412-653-3500	S	9*	<0.1
Caledonia Industrial Services	5460 Horning Rd.	Pittsburgh	PA	15236	David Diggins	412-653-3500	R	9*	<0.1
VJ Mattson Co.	9200 W 191st St.	Mokena	IL	60448	Thomas Morack	708-479-1990	R	8*	0.1
Holland Manufacturing Corp.	PO Box 261	South Holland	IL	60473	Kenneth Hoekstra	708-849-1000	R	8*	<0.1
Lynn Products Co.	400 Boston St., 1	Lynn	MA	01905	Daniel Cullinane	781-593-2500	R	8*	<0.1
Refra-Products Company Inc.	2147 Avenue C	Bethlehem	PA	18017	Robert Zartler	610-266-1966	R	7*	<0.1
Ruscoe Co.	PO Box 3858	Akron	OH	44314	Paul Michalec	330-253-8148	R	7*	<0.1
Dylon Industries Inc.	7700 Clinton Rd.	Brooklyn	OH	44144	Robert Kowaleski	216-651-1300	R	7*	<0.1
Sauereisen Inc.	160 Gamma Dr.	Pittsburgh	PA	15238	Eric Sauereisen	412-963-0303	R	7*	<0.1
Vulcan Electric Co.	28 Endfield St.	Porter	ME	04068	Michael Quick	207-625-3231	R	6*	<0.1
Insulation Specialties of America	PO Box 10	Wanatah	IN	46390	Monie Parker	219-733-2502	R	6*	<0.1
Inland Enterprises Inc.	38600 Chester Rd.	Avon	OH	44011	Emmett Chambers	440-934-6600	R	6*	<0.1
Refractory Specialties Inc.	230 W California	Sebring	OH	44672	Richard Wilk	330-938-2101	R	6*	<0.1
Christy Refractories Company	4641 McRee Ave.	Saint Louis	MO	63110	Frank O’Brien	314-773-7500	R	6*	<0.1
Hi-Temperature Products Inc.	85 Gibson Hwy.	Milan	TN	38358	Mathew Fant	731-686-1561	R	4*	<0.1
Hudco Industrial Products Inc.	3100 Morgan Rd.	Bessemer	AL	35022	Thomas Hudson	205-424-2772	R	4*	<0.1
Dewar of Virginia Inc.	PO Box 125	Falls Mills	VA	24613	Shelby Akers	276-322-5322	R	4*	<0.1
Quartz Scientific Inc.	PO Box 1129	Fairport Harbor	OH	44077	James Atwell	440-354-2186	R	4*	<0.1
Lakeway Manufacturing Inc.	PO Box 486	Huron	OH	44839	Jack Kenning	419-433-3030	R	4*	<0.1
ITC Inc.	6 N Park Dr., 105	Hunt Valley	MD	21030	Dennis Parker	410-825-2920	R	3*	<0.1
MH Detrick Co.	9400 Bormet Dr., 10	Mokena	IL	60448	R Pena	708-479-5085	R	3*	<0.1
General Material Co.	13098 Gravois Rd.	Saint Louis	MO	63127	George Winter	314-843-1400	R	3*	<0.1
Taylor Controls Inc.	PO Box 362	South Haven	MI	49090	Terry Taylor	269-637-8521	R	3*	<0.1
Pyro Industrial Services Inc.	PO Box 237	Portage	IN	46368	John Carlson	219-787-5700	R	2*	<0.1
Midwest Graphite Company Inc.	6101 W 31st St.	Cicero	IL	60804	Ivanka Vidovich	708-780-7300	R	2*	<0.1
Pyromatics Corp.	3985 Ben Hur Ave.	Willoughby	OH	44094	Andre Ezis	440-951-3985	R	2*	<0.1
Joshua L.L.C.	90 Hamilton St.	New Haven	CT	06511		203-624-0080	R	2*	<0.1
Custom Grinders Sales Inc.	PO Box 1446	Chatsworth	GA	30705	Andy Bargeron	706-695-4613	R	1*	<0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED FOR CLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Material	Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals	(X)	301.1
Dead-burned magnesia and magnesite	(X)	(D)
Refractories, clay and nonclay	(X)	41.0
Other stone, clay, glass, and concrete products	(X)	(D)
Industrial chemicals	(X)	(D)
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies	(X)	36.3
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk	(X)	29.2

MATERIALS CONSUMED FOR NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Material	Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals	(X)	84.2
Dead-burned magnesia and magnesite	(X)	(D)
Refractories, clay and nonclay	(X)	130.7
Other stone, clay, glass, and concrete products	(X)	(D)
Industrial chemicals	(X)	0.4
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies	(X)	32.6
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk	(X)	51.3

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS FOR CLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
CLAY REFRACTORIES	934.5

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS FOR NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
NONCLAY REFRACTORIES	1,019.1	Nonclay refractories, nsk, total	82.1
Nonclay refractories (except dead-burned magnesia)	937.0

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR CLAY AND NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Compensation of employees	28.7		Glass products from purchased glass	14.8	Manufg.
Clay & nonclay refractory manufacturing	14.0	Manufg.	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	14.2	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	5.1	Services	Exports of goods & services	13.4	Cap Inv
Wholesale trade	4.5	Trade	Manufacturing structures	11.8	Construct.
Fabricated metals, nec	4.1	Manufg.	Clay & nonclay refractory manufacturing	11.5	Manufg.
Fabric coating mills	3.1	Manufg.	Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures	6.0	Manufg.
Monetary authorities/depository credit intermediation	3.1	Fin/R.E.	Cement	4.5	Manufg.
Ground or treated mineral & earth	2.8	Manufg.	Ferrous metal foundries	4.4	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	1.8	Util.	Nonresidential structures, nec	3.4	Construct.
Natural gas distribution	1.7	Util.	Flat glass	2.5	Manufg.
Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	1.6	Manufg.	Glass containers	2.3	Manufg.
Truck transportation	1.5	Util.	Motor vehicle parts	2.1	Manufg.
Machine shops	1.3	Manufg.	Steel products from purchased steel	1.4	Manufg.
Paints & coatings	1.3	Manufg.	Residential permanent site structures	1.3	Construct.
Veneer & plywood	1.0	Manufg.	Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	1.1	Construct.
Professional, scientific, technical services, nec	0.9	Services	Lime & gypsum products	1.1	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.9	Util.	Ready-mix concrete	0.7	Manufg.
Chemical products & preparations, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Primary smelting & refining of copper	0.6	Manufg.
Basic organic chemicals, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Concrete pipe, brick, & block	0.5	Manufg.
Real estate	0.7	Fin/R.E.	Plate work & fabricated structural products	0.3	Manufg.
Sand, gravel, clay, & refractory minerals	0.7	Mining	Concrete products, nec	0.3	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	0.5	Mining	Brick, tile & other structural clay products	0.3	Manufg.
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.5	Construct.	Metal tanks (heavy gauge)	0.3	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.5		Power boilers & heat exchangers	0.3	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.5	Manufg.	Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	0.2	Manufg.
Scientific research & development services	0.4	Services	Copper rolling, drawing, extruding, & alloying	0.2	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.4	Services	Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Sawmills & wood preservation	0.4	Manufg.	Machine shops	0.2	Manufg.
Nondepository credit intermediation activities	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.1	Manufg.
Food services & drinking places	0.4	Services
Advertising & related services	0.4	Services
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.4	Fin/R.E.
Noncomparable imports	0.3	Foreign
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.3	Services

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR CLAY AND NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING - Continued
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., January 2008. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.3	Services
Data processing, hosting, & related services	0.3	Services
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.3	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.
Telecommunications	0.3	Services
Coal	0.3	Mining
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.3	Services
Lessors of nonfinancial assets	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Miscellaneous wood products	0.2	Manufg.
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.2	Services
Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc	0.2	Mining
Wood windows & doors & millwork	0.2	Manufg.
Warehousing & storage	0.2	Util.
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
Hotels & motels, including casino hotels	0.2	Services
Legal services	0.2	Services
Wood containers & pallets	0.2	Manufg.
Air transportation	0.2	Util.
Petroleum refineries	0.2	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.
Turned products & screws, nuts, & bolts	0.2	Manufg.
Mineral wool	0.2	Manufg.
Civic, social, & professional organizations	0.2	Services
Pressed & blown glass & glassware, nec	0.1	Manufg.
Plastics products, nec	0.1	Manufg.
Scenic & sightseeing transport & related services	0.1	Util.
Petroleum lubricating oil & grease	0.1	Manufg.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY CLAY PRODUCT & REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Molders, shapers, & casters, exc metal & plastic	6.3	-8.4	Craft artists	2.3	-8.4
Extruding, forming, pressing machine operators	5.5	-8.4	Coating, painting, & spraying machine operators	2.3	-13.0
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, & kettle operators	4.8	-8.4	Crushing, grinding, polishing machine operators	2.0	-17.6
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	4.7	-13.6	Sales reps, wholesale & manufacturing, exc tech	1.9	-8.4
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.3	-8.4	Packaging & filling machine operators & tenders	1.8	-17.6
Helpers--Production workers	4.3	-8.4	Production workers, nec	1.7	-10.1
Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	3.9	-17.6	Retail salespersons	1.7	-8.4
Painting, coating, & decorating workers	3.0	-8.4	Industrial machinery mechanics	1.5	5.3
Mixing & blending machine operators & tenders	3.0	-8.4	Machinists	1.5	-3.8
Packers & packagers, hand	2.7	-26.7	General & operations managers	1.5	-17.6
Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.7	-17.6	Customer service representatives	1.3	0.8
Team assemblers	2.7	-8.4	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.2	-11.9
Maintenance & repair workers, general	2.5	-8.4	Industrial production managers	1.1	-8.4

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE
State	Establishments	Shipments			Employment				Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee($)
State	Establishments	Total ($ mil)	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Total Number	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Wages ($/hour)	Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee($)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The states are in descending order of shipments or establishments (if shipment data are missing for the majority). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. States marked with (D) are sorted by number of establishments. A dash (-) indicates that the data element cannot be calculated. Data may not show all states active in the NAICS category. All data available at the time of publication are shown.
Ohio	45	387.8	18.5	8,616.9	1,840	17.8	41	16.55	43.6	6,012
Pennsylvania	36	351.6	16.8	9,767.4	1,599	15.4	44	19.37	44.3	5,118
Michigan	13	104.8	5.0	8,063.6	565	5.5	43	18.97	41.1	7,632
New York	6	90.4	4.3	15,065.2	504	4.9	84	18.95	46.9	2,363
Kentucky	3	82.6	3.9	27,549.0	369	3.6	123	15.78	42.3	4,295
Alabama	10	82.2	3.9	8,224.1	443	4.3	44	17.93	49.4	4,377
Indiana	15	73.2	3.5	4,880.3	425	4.1	28	17.47	45.9	2,092
Missouri	7	59.0	2.8	8,434.7	352	3.4	50	19.64	64.2	920
North Carolina	4	53.7	2.6	13,433.0	275	2.7	69	13.17	48.9	3,204
Illinois	6	51.5	2.5	8,590.5	219	2.1	37	18.06	63.2	1,539
Maryland	5	15.3	0.7	3,054.2	110	1.1	22	18.68	41.1	2,200

NAICS 32712N - Refractory Manufacturing*

*Equivalent to Federal Government NAICS 327124, 327125.

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1992, 1997, 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from the Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses respectively, reported in the Federal Government's NAICS format. Other years were originally reported in equivalent SIC format. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1991		283	161	14.5	10.2	20.2	407.3	12.70	965.4	888.0	1,859.6	45.0
1992	196	287	167	14.3	10.1	20.2	433.0	13.25	994.2	1,086.1	2,090.3	69.5
1993		298	161	13.8	9.8	20.3	441.6	13.76	946.6	1,084.4	2,024.9	69.7
1994		287	158	13.4	9.6	19.7	426.6	13.89	1,056.5	1,135.1	2,171.0	57.6
1995		284	160	14.3	10.3	21.0	473.9	14.69	1,098.6	1,259.0	2,328.6	52.5
1996		298	170	13.9	10.2	20.6	475.0	15.04	1,084.7	1,338.3	2,436.7	61.3
1997	205	273	153	13.7	10.0	20.9	498.4	15.68	1,187.3	1,338.6	2,536.6	120.4
1998		295	164	13.5	9.8	20.3	498.2	15.95	1,158.4	1,404.9	2,573.4	129.4
1999		278	159	13.2	9.9	20.4	499.6	16.28	1,095.7	1,353.7	2,451.6	128.3
2000		274	151	12.2	8.8	17.9	485.7	17.02	1,092.0	1,223.7	2,306.4	113.9
2001		271	153	11.0	7.9	16.1	430.0	16.75	946.2	1,093.3	2,064.8	66.5
2002	197	243	128	10.4	7.5	15.1	408.8	17.31	943.8	1,146.2	2,096.8	58.3
2003		235	125	9.3	6.6	13.6	386.3	17.64	917.6	1,067.0	2,001.1	53.6
2004		227	116	9.0	6.4	13.1	383.4	18.66	898.8	1,133.8	2,027.3	58.2
2005		229	130	8.8	6.5	13.1	393.2	19.06	958.9	1,195.1	2,128.1	73.0
2006		233P	125P	9.1	6.6	13.2	415.3	20.15	1,072.5	1,219.9	2,283.4	46.9
2007		229P	122P	8.5P	6.3P	12.8P	414.5P	19.94P	1,044.8P	1,188.4P	2,224.4P	74.7P
2008		224P	119P	8.1P	6.0P	12.2P	411.4P	20.39P	1,045.5P	1,189.2P	2,226.0P	74.7P
2009		219P	116P	7.7P	5.7P	11.6P	408.3P	20.84P	1,046.3P	1,190.0P	2,227.5P	74.6P
2010		215P	113P	7.3P	5.4P	11.0P	405.2P	21.29P	1,047.0P	1,190.9P	2,229.1P	74.5P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1992	99	118	130	138	135	134	106	77	105	95	100	119
1997	104	112	120	132	133	138	122	91	126	117	121	207
2001		112	120	106	105	107	105	97	100	95	98	114
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		97	98	89	88	90	94	102	97	93	95	92
2004		93	91	87	85	87	94	108	95	99	97	100
2005		94	102	85	87	87	96	110	102	104	101	125
2006		96P	98P	87	88	87	102	116	114	106	109	80
2007		94P	95P	82P	84P	85P	101P	115P	111P	104P	106P	128P
2008		92P	93P	78P	80P	81P	101P	118P	111P	104P	106P	128P
2009		90P	91P	74P	76P	77P	100P	120P	111P	104P	106P	128P
2010		88P	88P	70P	72P	73P	99P	123P	111P	104P	106P	128P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	43	102	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	152,827	84
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	1,682,305	103	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	3,883,951	67
Payroll per Employee	39,053	39,308	101	Cost per Employee	137,446	90,750	66
Production Workers per Establishment	30	31	105	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	125,840	64
Wages per Establishment	694,845	1,075,642	155	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	8,628,807	77
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	34,851	148	Shipments per Employee	265,847	201,615	76
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,013	102	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	279,573	74
Wages per Hour	11.89	17.31	146	Investment per Establishment	361,338	239,918	66
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	4,716,872	88	Investment per Employee	8,609	5,606	65
Value Added per Employee	128,210	110,212	86	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	7,773	63

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 59 Total sales ($ mil): 13,953 Total employment (000): 11.6
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Saint-Gobain Abrasives Inc.	1 New Bond St.	Worcester	MA	01606	Jean Phelizon	508-795-5000	R	6,831*	2.5
Pacific Coast Building Prods	PO Box 419074	Rancho Cordova	CA	95741	David Pringle	916-631-6500	R	4,284*	4.5
Global Industrial Technologies	400 Fairway Dr.	Coraopolis	PA	15108	Jon Allegretti	412-375-6600	R	1,680*	0.2
Alldyne Powder Technologies	7300 Hwy. 20 W	Huntsville	AL	35806	L. Patrick Hassey	256-837-1311	S	254*	0.5
Quikrete Co's Inc.	3490 Piedmont NE	Atlanta	GA	30305	Gene Winchester	404-634-9100	R	111*	<0.1
Allied Mineral Products Inc.	2700 Scioto Pkwy.	Columbus	OH	43221	Jon Tabor	614-876-0244	R	78*	0.3
Corhart Refractories Corp.	10300 Ormsby Prk	Louisville	KY	40223	Thomas Larkin	502-778-3311	R	77*	0.4
Keystone Cement Co.	PO Box A	Bath	PA	18014	Manuel Llop	610-837-1881	S	53*	0.2
Magneco Metrel Inc.	223 W Interstate Rd	Addison	IL	60101	Charles Connors	630-543-6660	R	47*	<0.1
Monofrax Inc.	1870 New York	Falconer	NY	14733		716-483-7200	R	45*	0.2
Charles Blalock and Sons Inc.	PO Box 4750	Sevierville	TN	37864	James Blalock	865-453-2808	R	31*	0.3
Commercial Brick Corp.	PO Box 1382	Wewoka	OK	74884	Bob Hartsock	405-257-6613	R	30*	0.2
Clay Endicott Products Co.	PO Box 17	Fairbury	NE	68352	Roger Judd	402-729-3315	R	25*	0.2
BPI Inc.	612 S Trenton Ave.	Pittsburgh	PA	15221	Joseph Quigley	412-371-8554	R	20*	<0.1
International Chimney Corp.	PO Box 260	Buffalo	NY	14231	Richard Lohr	716-634-3967	R	20*	<0.1
Jamo Inc.	8850 NW 79th Ave.	Miami	FL	33166		305-885-3444	S	20*	0.1
Worldwide Refractories Inc.	PO Box 28	Tarentum	PA	15084	William Brown	724-224-8800	R	19*	0.1
MINCO	PO Box 80	Hartland	WI	53029	Joel Falk	262-367-4421	R	19*	0.2
TYK AMERICA Inc.	301 Brickyard Rd.	Clairton	PA	15025	Kenichi Sasaki	412-384-4259	R	17*	<0.1
Riverside Clay Company Inc.	201 Truss Ferry Rd.	Pell City	AL	35128	John Morris	205-338-3366	R	16*	<0.1
Heater Specialists L.L.C.	PO Box 582707	Tulsa	OK	74158	Don Mellott	918-835-3126	R	16*	<0.1
Alpha Resources Inc.	PO Box 199	Stevensville	MI	49127	Philip Lunsford	269-465-5559	R	16*	<0.1
Crystal Specialties Inc.	2853 Janitell Rd.	Colorado Spgs	CO	80906	Janice Hendricks	719-540-0990	R	15*	<0.1
Bnz Materials Inc.	6901 S Pierce St.	Littleton	CO	80128	J Hulce	303-978-1199	R	14*	<0.1
United Elchem Industries Inc.	11535 Reeder Rd.	Dallas	TX	75229		972-241-6601	R	13*	<0.1
Wahl Refractories L.L.C.	767 S State Rte. 19	Fremont	OH	43420		419-334-2658	R	12*	<0.1
Universal Refractories Inc.	PO Box 97	Wampum	PA	16157	Walter Sylvester	724-535-4374	R	12*	<0.1
Saxonburg Ceramics Inc.	PO Box 688	Saxonburg	PA	16056	Furman South	724-352-1561	R	11*	0.1
New Castle Refractories Co.	915 Industrial St.	New Castle	PA	16102	Thomas Shaffer	724-654-7711	R	11*	<0.1
Matthews Cremation Division	2045 Sprint Blvd.	Apopka	FL	32703	Paul F. Rahill	407-886-5533	S	10*	<0.1
Joy-Mark Inc.	2121 E Norse Ave.	Cudahy	WI	53110	Brent Lovejoy	414-769-8155	R	10*	<0.1
Bloom Engineering Company Inc.	5460 Horning Rd.	Pittsburgh	PA	15236	Christopher Armitage	412-653-3500	S	9*	<0.1
Caledonia Industrial Services	5460 Horning Rd.	Pittsburgh	PA	15236	David Diggins	412-653-3500	R	9*	<0.1
VJ Mattson Co.	9200 W 191st St.	Mokena	IL	60448	Thomas Morack	708-479-1990	R	8*	0.1
Holland Manufacturing Corp.	PO Box 261	South Holland	IL	60473	Kenneth Hoekstra	708-849-1000	R	8*	<0.1
Lynn Products Co.	400 Boston St., 1	Lynn	MA	01905	Daniel Cullinane	781-593-2500	R	8*	<0.1
Refra-Products Company Inc.	2147 Avenue C	Bethlehem	PA	18017	Robert Zartler	610-266-1966	R	7*	<0.1
Ruscoe Co.	PO Box 3858	Akron	OH	44314	Paul Michalec	330-253-8148	R	7*	<0.1
Dylon Industries Inc.	7700 Clinton Rd.	Brooklyn	OH	44144	Robert Kowaleski	216-651-1300	R	7*	<0.1
Sauereisen Inc.	160 Gamma Dr.	Pittsburgh	PA	15238	Eric Sauereisen	412-963-0303	R	7*	<0.1
Vulcan Electric Co.	28 Endfield St.	Porter	ME	04068	Michael Quick	207-625-3231	R	6*	<0.1
Insulation Specialties of America	PO Box 10	Wanatah	IN	46390	Monie Parker	219-733-2502	R	6*	<0.1
Inland Enterprises Inc.	38600 Chester Rd.	Avon	OH	44011	Emmett Chambers	440-934-6600	R	6*	<0.1
Refractory Specialties Inc.	230 W California	Sebring	OH	44672	Richard Wilk	330-938-2101	R	6*	<0.1
Christy Refractories Company	4641 McRee Ave.	Saint Louis	MO	63110	Frank O’Brien	314-773-7500	R	6*	<0.1
Hi-Temperature Products Inc.	85 Gibson Hwy.	Milan	TN	38358	Mathew Fant	731-686-1561	R	4*	<0.1
Hudco Industrial Products Inc.	3100 Morgan Rd.	Bessemer	AL	35022	Thomas Hudson	205-424-2772	R	4*	<0.1
Dewar of Virginia Inc.	PO Box 125	Falls Mills	VA	24613	Shelby Akers	276-322-5322	R	4*	<0.1
Quartz Scientific Inc.	PO Box 1129	Fairport Harbor	OH	44077	James Atwell	440-354-2186	R	4*	<0.1
Lakeway Manufacturing Inc.	PO Box 486	Huron	OH	44839	Jack Kenning	419-433-3030	R	4*	<0.1
ITC Inc.	6 N Park Dr., 105	Hunt Valley	MD	21030	Dennis Parker	410-825-2920	R	3*	<0.1
MH Detrick Co.	9400 Bormet Dr., 10	Mokena	IL	60448	R Pena	708-479-5085	R	3*	<0.1
General Material Co.	13098 Gravois Rd.	Saint Louis	MO	63127	George Winter	314-843-1400	R	3*	<0.1
Taylor Controls Inc.	PO Box 362	South Haven	MI	49090	Terry Taylor	269-637-8521	R	3*	<0.1
Pyro Industrial Services Inc.	PO Box 237	Portage	IN	46368	John Carlson	219-787-5700	R	2*	<0.1
Midwest Graphite Company Inc.	6101 W 31st St.	Cicero	IL	60804	Ivanka Vidovich	708-780-7300	R	2*	<0.1
Pyromatics Corp.	3985 Ben Hur Ave.	Willoughby	OH	44094	Andre Ezis	440-951-3985	R	2*	<0.1
Joshua L.L.C.	90 Hamilton St.	New Haven	CT	06511		203-624-0080	R	2*	<0.1
Custom Grinders Sales Inc.	PO Box 1446	Chatsworth	GA	30705	Andy Bargeron	706-695-4613	R	1*	<0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED FOR CLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Material	Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals	(X)	301.1
Dead-burned magnesia and magnesite	(X)	(D)
Refractories, clay and nonclay	(X)	41.0
Other stone, clay, glass, and concrete products	(X)	(D)
Industrial chemicals	(X)	(D)
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies	(X)	36.3
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk	(X)	29.2

MATERIALS CONSUMED FOR NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Material	Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals	(X)	84.2
Dead-burned magnesia and magnesite	(X)	(D)
Refractories, clay and nonclay	(X)	130.7
Other stone, clay, glass, and concrete products	(X)	(D)
Industrial chemicals	(X)	0.4
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies	(X)	32.6
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk	(X)	51.3

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS FOR CLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
CLAY REFRACTORIES	934.5

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS FOR NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
NONCLAY REFRACTORIES	1,019.1	Nonclay refractories, nsk, total	82.1
Nonclay refractories (except dead-burned magnesia)	937.0

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR CLAY AND NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Compensation of employees	28.7		Glass products from purchased glass	14.8	Manufg.
Clay & nonclay refractory manufacturing	14.0	Manufg.	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	14.2	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	5.1	Services	Exports of goods & services	13.4	Cap Inv
Wholesale trade	4.5	Trade	Manufacturing structures	11.8	Construct.
Fabricated metals, nec	4.1	Manufg.	Clay & nonclay refractory manufacturing	11.5	Manufg.
Fabric coating mills	3.1	Manufg.	Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures	6.0	Manufg.
Monetary authorities/depository credit intermediation	3.1	Fin/R.E.	Cement	4.5	Manufg.
Ground or treated mineral & earth	2.8	Manufg.	Ferrous metal foundries	4.4	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	1.8	Util.	Nonresidential structures, nec	3.4	Construct.
Natural gas distribution	1.7	Util.	Flat glass	2.5	Manufg.
Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	1.6	Manufg.	Glass containers	2.3	Manufg.
Truck transportation	1.5	Util.	Motor vehicle parts	2.1	Manufg.
Machine shops	1.3	Manufg.	Steel products from purchased steel	1.4	Manufg.
Paints & coatings	1.3	Manufg.	Residential permanent site structures	1.3	Construct.
Veneer & plywood	1.0	Manufg.	Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	1.1	Construct.
Professional, scientific, technical services, nec	0.9	Services	Lime & gypsum products	1.1	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.9	Util.	Ready-mix concrete	0.7	Manufg.
Chemical products & preparations, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Primary smelting & refining of copper	0.6	Manufg.
Basic organic chemicals, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Concrete pipe, brick, & block	0.5	Manufg.
Real estate	0.7	Fin/R.E.	Plate work & fabricated structural products	0.3	Manufg.
Sand, gravel, clay, & refractory minerals	0.7	Mining	Concrete products, nec	0.3	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	0.5	Mining	Brick, tile & other structural clay products	0.3	Manufg.
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.5	Construct.	Metal tanks (heavy gauge)	0.3	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.5		Power boilers & heat exchangers	0.3	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.5	Manufg.	Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	0.2	Manufg.
Scientific research & development services	0.4	Services	Copper rolling, drawing, extruding, & alloying	0.2	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.4	Services	Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Sawmills & wood preservation	0.4	Manufg.	Machine shops	0.2	Manufg.
Nondepository credit intermediation activities	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.1	Manufg.
Food services & drinking places	0.4	Services
Advertising & related services	0.4	Services
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.4	Fin/R.E.
Noncomparable imports	0.3	Foreign
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.3	Services

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR CLAY AND NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING - Continued
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., January 2008. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.3	Services
Data processing, hosting, & related services	0.3	Services
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.3	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.
Telecommunications	0.3	Services
Coal	0.3	Mining
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.3	Services
Lessors of nonfinancial assets	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Miscellaneous wood products	0.2	Manufg.
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.2	Services
Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc	0.2	Mining
Wood windows & doors & millwork	0.2	Manufg.
Warehousing & storage	0.2	Util.
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
Hotels & motels, including casino hotels	0.2	Services
Legal services	0.2	Services
Wood containers & pallets	0.2	Manufg.
Air transportation	0.2	Util.
Petroleum refineries	0.2	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.
Turned products & screws, nuts, & bolts	0.2	Manufg.
Mineral wool	0.2	Manufg.
Civic, social, & professional organizations	0.2	Services
Pressed & blown glass & glassware, nec	0.1	Manufg.
Plastics products, nec	0.1	Manufg.
Scenic & sightseeing transport & related services	0.1	Util.
Petroleum lubricating oil & grease	0.1	Manufg.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY CLAY PRODUCT & REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Molders, shapers, & casters, exc metal & plastic	6.3	-8.4	Craft artists	2.3	-8.4
Extruding, forming, pressing machine operators	5.5	-8.4	Coating, painting, & spraying machine operators	2.3	-13.0
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, & kettle operators	4.8	-8.4	Crushing, grinding, polishing machine operators	2.0	-17.6
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	4.7	-13.6	Sales reps, wholesale & manufacturing, exc tech	1.9	-8.4
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.3	-8.4	Packaging & filling machine operators & tenders	1.8	-17.6
Helpers--Production workers	4.3	-8.4	Production workers, nec	1.7	-10.1
Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	3.9	-17.6	Retail salespersons	1.7	-8.4
Painting, coating, & decorating workers	3.0	-8.4	Industrial machinery mechanics	1.5	5.3
Mixing & blending machine operators & tenders	3.0	-8.4	Machinists	1.5	-3.8
Packers & packagers, hand	2.7	-26.7	General & operations managers	1.5	-17.6
Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.7	-17.6	Customer service representatives	1.3	0.8
Team assemblers	2.7	-8.4	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.2	-11.9
Maintenance & repair workers, general	2.5	-8.4	Industrial production managers	1.1	-8.4

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE
State	Establishments	Shipments			Employment				Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee($)
State	Establishments	Total ($ mil)	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Total Number	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Wages ($/hour)	Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee($)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The states are in descending order of shipments or establishments (if shipment data are missing for the majority). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. States marked with (D) are sorted by number of establishments. A dash (-) indicates that the data element cannot be calculated. Data may not show all states active in the NAICS category. All data available at the time of publication are shown.
Ohio	45	387.8	18.5	8,616.9	1,840	17.8	41	16.55	43.6	6,012
Pennsylvania	36	351.6	16.8	9,767.4	1,599	15.4	44	19.37	44.3	5,118
Michigan	13	104.8	5.0	8,063.6	565	5.5	43	18.97	41.1	7,632
New York	6	90.4	4.3	15,065.2	504	4.9	84	18.95	46.9	2,363
Kentucky	3	82.6	3.9	27,549.0	369	3.6	123	15.78	42.3	4,295
Alabama	10	82.2	3.9	8,224.1	443	4.3	44	17.93	49.4	4,377
Indiana	15	73.2	3.5	4,880.3	425	4.1	28	17.47	45.9	2,092
Missouri	7	59.0	2.8	8,434.7	352	3.4	50	19.64	64.2	920
North Carolina	4	53.7	2.6	13,433.0	275	2.7	69	13.17	48.9	3,204
Illinois	6	51.5	2.5	8,590.5	219	2.1	37	18.06	63.2	1,539
Maryland	5	15.3	0.7	3,054.2	110	1.1	22	18.68	41.1	2,200

NAICS 32712N - Refractory Manufacturing

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NAICS 32712N - Refractory Manufacturing*

*Equivalent to Federal Government NAICS 327124, 327125.

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1992, 1997, 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from the Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses respectively, reported in the Federal Government's NAICS format. Other years were originally reported in equivalent SIC format. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1991		283	161	14.5	10.2	20.2	407.3	12.70	965.4	888.0	1,859.6	45.0
1992	196	287	167	14.3	10.1	20.2	433.0	13.25	994.2	1,086.1	2,090.3	69.5
1993		298	161	13.8	9.8	20.3	441.6	13.76	946.6	1,084.4	2,024.9	69.7
1994		287	158	13.4	9.6	19.7	426.6	13.89	1,056.5	1,135.1	2,171.0	57.6
1995		284	160	14.3	10.3	21.0	473.9	14.69	1,098.6	1,259.0	2,328.6	52.5
1996		298	170	13.9	10.2	20.6	475.0	15.04	1,084.7	1,338.3	2,436.7	61.3
1997	205	273	153	13.7	10.0	20.9	498.4	15.68	1,187.3	1,338.6	2,536.6	120.4
1998		295	164	13.5	9.8	20.3	498.2	15.95	1,158.4	1,404.9	2,573.4	129.4
1999		278	159	13.2	9.9	20.4	499.6	16.28	1,095.7	1,353.7	2,451.6	128.3
2000		274	151	12.2	8.8	17.9	485.7	17.02	1,092.0	1,223.7	2,306.4	113.9
2001		271	153	11.0	7.9	16.1	430.0	16.75	946.2	1,093.3	2,064.8	66.5
2002	197	243	128	10.4	7.5	15.1	408.8	17.31	943.8	1,146.2	2,096.8	58.3
2003		235	125	9.3	6.6	13.6	386.3	17.64	917.6	1,067.0	2,001.1	53.6
2004		227	116	9.0	6.4	13.1	383.4	18.66	898.8	1,133.8	2,027.3	58.2
2005		229	130	8.8	6.5	13.1	393.2	19.06	958.9	1,195.1	2,128.1	73.0
2006		233P	125P	9.1	6.6	13.2	415.3	20.15	1,072.5	1,219.9	2,283.4	46.9
2007		229P	122P	8.5P	6.3P	12.8P	414.5P	19.94P	1,044.8P	1,188.4P	2,224.4P	74.7P
2008		224P	119P	8.1P	6.0P	12.2P	411.4P	20.39P	1,045.5P	1,189.2P	2,226.0P	74.7P
2009		219P	116P	7.7P	5.7P	11.6P	408.3P	20.84P	1,046.3P	1,190.0P	2,227.5P	74.6P
2010		215P	113P	7.3P	5.4P	11.0P	405.2P	21.29P	1,047.0P	1,190.9P	2,229.1P	74.5P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1992	99	118	130	138	135	134	106	77	105	95	100	119
1997	104	112	120	132	133	138	122	91	126	117	121	207
2001		112	120	106	105	107	105	97	100	95	98	114
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		97	98	89	88	90	94	102	97	93	95	92
2004		93	91	87	85	87	94	108	95	99	97	100
2005		94	102	85	87	87	96	110	102	104	101	125
2006		96P	98P	87	88	87	102	116	114	106	109	80
2007		94P	95P	82P	84P	85P	101P	115P	111P	104P	106P	128P
2008		92P	93P	78P	80P	81P	101P	118P	111P	104P	106P	128P
2009		90P	91P	74P	76P	77P	100P	120P	111P	104P	106P	128P
2010		88P	88P	70P	72P	73P	99P	123P	111P	104P	106P	128P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	43	102	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	152,827	84
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	1,682,305	103	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	3,883,951	67
Payroll per Employee	39,053	39,308	101	Cost per Employee	137,446	90,750	66
Production Workers per Establishment	30	31	105	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	125,840	64
Wages per Establishment	694,845	1,075,642	155	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	8,628,807	77
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	34,851	148	Shipments per Employee	265,847	201,615	76
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,013	102	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	279,573	74
Wages per Hour	11.89	17.31	146	Investment per Establishment	361,338	239,918	66
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	4,716,872	88	Investment per Employee	8,609	5,606	65
Value Added per Employee	128,210	110,212	86	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	7,773	63

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 59 Total sales ($ mil): 13,953 Total employment (000): 11.6
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Saint-Gobain Abrasives Inc.	1 New Bond St.	Worcester	MA	01606	Jean Phelizon	508-795-5000	R	6,831*	2.5
Pacific Coast Building Prods	PO Box 419074	Rancho Cordova	CA	95741	David Pringle	916-631-6500	R	4,284*	4.5
Global Industrial Technologies	400 Fairway Dr.	Coraopolis	PA	15108	Jon Allegretti	412-375-6600	R	1,680*	0.2
Alldyne Powder Technologies	7300 Hwy. 20 W	Huntsville	AL	35806	L. Patrick Hassey	256-837-1311	S	254*	0.5
Quikrete Co's Inc.	3490 Piedmont NE	Atlanta	GA	30305	Gene Winchester	404-634-9100	R	111*	<0.1
Allied Mineral Products Inc.	2700 Scioto Pkwy.	Columbus	OH	43221	Jon Tabor	614-876-0244	R	78*	0.3
Corhart Refractories Corp.	10300 Ormsby Prk	Louisville	KY	40223	Thomas Larkin	502-778-3311	R	77*	0.4
Keystone Cement Co.	PO Box A	Bath	PA	18014	Manuel Llop	610-837-1881	S	53*	0.2
Magneco Metrel Inc.	223 W Interstate Rd	Addison	IL	60101	Charles Connors	630-543-6660	R	47*	<0.1
Monofrax Inc.	1870 New York	Falconer	NY	14733		716-483-7200	R	45*	0.2
Charles Blalock and Sons Inc.	PO Box 4750	Sevierville	TN	37864	James Blalock	865-453-2808	R	31*	0.3
Commercial Brick Corp.	PO Box 1382	Wewoka	OK	74884	Bob Hartsock	405-257-6613	R	30*	0.2
Clay Endicott Products Co.	PO Box 17	Fairbury	NE	68352	Roger Judd	402-729-3315	R	25*	0.2
BPI Inc.	612 S Trenton Ave.	Pittsburgh	PA	15221	Joseph Quigley	412-371-8554	R	20*	<0.1
International Chimney Corp.	PO Box 260	Buffalo	NY	14231	Richard Lohr	716-634-3967	R	20*	<0.1
Jamo Inc.	8850 NW 79th Ave.	Miami	FL	33166		305-885-3444	S	20*	0.1
Worldwide Refractories Inc.	PO Box 28	Tarentum	PA	15084	William Brown	724-224-8800	R	19*	0.1
MINCO	PO Box 80	Hartland	WI	53029	Joel Falk	262-367-4421	R	19*	0.2
TYK AMERICA Inc.	301 Brickyard Rd.	Clairton	PA	15025	Kenichi Sasaki	412-384-4259	R	17*	<0.1
Riverside Clay Company Inc.	201 Truss Ferry Rd.	Pell City	AL	35128	John Morris	205-338-3366	R	16*	<0.1
Heater Specialists L.L.C.	PO Box 582707	Tulsa	OK	74158	Don Mellott	918-835-3126	R	16*	<0.1
Alpha Resources Inc.	PO Box 199	Stevensville	MI	49127	Philip Lunsford	269-465-5559	R	16*	<0.1
Crystal Specialties Inc.	2853 Janitell Rd.	Colorado Spgs	CO	80906	Janice Hendricks	719-540-0990	R	15*	<0.1
Bnz Materials Inc.	6901 S Pierce St.	Littleton	CO	80128	J Hulce	303-978-1199	R	14*	<0.1
United Elchem Industries Inc.	11535 Reeder Rd.	Dallas	TX	75229		972-241-6601	R	13*	<0.1
Wahl Refractories L.L.C.	767 S State Rte. 19	Fremont	OH	43420		419-334-2658	R	12*	<0.1
Universal Refractories Inc.	PO Box 97	Wampum	PA	16157	Walter Sylvester	724-535-4374	R	12*	<0.1
Saxonburg Ceramics Inc.	PO Box 688	Saxonburg	PA	16056	Furman South	724-352-1561	R	11*	0.1
New Castle Refractories Co.	915 Industrial St.	New Castle	PA	16102	Thomas Shaffer	724-654-7711	R	11*	<0.1
Matthews Cremation Division	2045 Sprint Blvd.	Apopka	FL	32703	Paul F. Rahill	407-886-5533	S	10*	<0.1
Joy-Mark Inc.	2121 E Norse Ave.	Cudahy	WI	53110	Brent Lovejoy	414-769-8155	R	10*	<0.1
Bloom Engineering Company Inc.	5460 Horning Rd.	Pittsburgh	PA	15236	Christopher Armitage	412-653-3500	S	9*	<0.1
Caledonia Industrial Services	5460 Horning Rd.	Pittsburgh	PA	15236	David Diggins	412-653-3500	R	9*	<0.1
VJ Mattson Co.	9200 W 191st St.	Mokena	IL	60448	Thomas Morack	708-479-1990	R	8*	0.1
Holland Manufacturing Corp.	PO Box 261	South Holland	IL	60473	Kenneth Hoekstra	708-849-1000	R	8*	<0.1
Lynn Products Co.	400 Boston St., 1	Lynn	MA	01905	Daniel Cullinane	781-593-2500	R	8*	<0.1
Refra-Products Company Inc.	2147 Avenue C	Bethlehem	PA	18017	Robert Zartler	610-266-1966	R	7*	<0.1
Ruscoe Co.	PO Box 3858	Akron	OH	44314	Paul Michalec	330-253-8148	R	7*	<0.1
Dylon Industries Inc.	7700 Clinton Rd.	Brooklyn	OH	44144	Robert Kowaleski	216-651-1300	R	7*	<0.1
Sauereisen Inc.	160 Gamma Dr.	Pittsburgh	PA	15238	Eric Sauereisen	412-963-0303	R	7*	<0.1
Vulcan Electric Co.	28 Endfield St.	Porter	ME	04068	Michael Quick	207-625-3231	R	6*	<0.1
Insulation Specialties of America	PO Box 10	Wanatah	IN	46390	Monie Parker	219-733-2502	R	6*	<0.1
Inland Enterprises Inc.	38600 Chester Rd.	Avon	OH	44011	Emmett Chambers	440-934-6600	R	6*	<0.1
Refractory Specialties Inc.	230 W California	Sebring	OH	44672	Richard Wilk	330-938-2101	R	6*	<0.1
Christy Refractories Company	4641 McRee Ave.	Saint Louis	MO	63110	Frank O’Brien	314-773-7500	R	6*	<0.1
Hi-Temperature Products Inc.	85 Gibson Hwy.	Milan	TN	38358	Mathew Fant	731-686-1561	R	4*	<0.1
Hudco Industrial Products Inc.	3100 Morgan Rd.	Bessemer	AL	35022	Thomas Hudson	205-424-2772	R	4*	<0.1
Dewar of Virginia Inc.	PO Box 125	Falls Mills	VA	24613	Shelby Akers	276-322-5322	R	4*	<0.1
Quartz Scientific Inc.	PO Box 1129	Fairport Harbor	OH	44077	James Atwell	440-354-2186	R	4*	<0.1
Lakeway Manufacturing Inc.	PO Box 486	Huron	OH	44839	Jack Kenning	419-433-3030	R	4*	<0.1
ITC Inc.	6 N Park Dr., 105	Hunt Valley	MD	21030	Dennis Parker	410-825-2920	R	3*	<0.1
MH Detrick Co.	9400 Bormet Dr., 10	Mokena	IL	60448	R Pena	708-479-5085	R	3*	<0.1
General Material Co.	13098 Gravois Rd.	Saint Louis	MO	63127	George Winter	314-843-1400	R	3*	<0.1
Taylor Controls Inc.	PO Box 362	South Haven	MI	49090	Terry Taylor	269-637-8521	R	3*	<0.1
Pyro Industrial Services Inc.	PO Box 237	Portage	IN	46368	John Carlson	219-787-5700	R	2*	<0.1
Midwest Graphite Company Inc.	6101 W 31st St.	Cicero	IL	60804	Ivanka Vidovich	708-780-7300	R	2*	<0.1
Pyromatics Corp.	3985 Ben Hur Ave.	Willoughby	OH	44094	Andre Ezis	440-951-3985	R	2*	<0.1
Joshua L.L.C.	90 Hamilton St.	New Haven	CT	06511		203-624-0080	R	2*	<0.1
Custom Grinders Sales Inc.	PO Box 1446	Chatsworth	GA	30705	Andy Bargeron	706-695-4613	R	1*	<0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED FOR CLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Material	Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals	(X)	301.1
Dead-burned magnesia and magnesite	(X)	(D)
Refractories, clay and nonclay	(X)	41.0
Other stone, clay, glass, and concrete products	(X)	(D)
Industrial chemicals	(X)	(D)
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies	(X)	36.3
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk	(X)	29.2

MATERIALS CONSUMED FOR NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Material	Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Clay, ceramic, and refractory minerals	(X)	84.2
Dead-burned magnesia and magnesite	(X)	(D)
Refractories, clay and nonclay	(X)	130.7
Other stone, clay, glass, and concrete products	(X)	(D)
Industrial chemicals	(X)	0.4
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies	(X)	32.6
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk	(X)	51.3

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS FOR CLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
CLAY REFRACTORIES	934.5

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS FOR NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
NONCLAY REFRACTORIES	1,019.1	Nonclay refractories, nsk, total	82.1
Nonclay refractories (except dead-burned magnesia)	937.0

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR CLAY AND NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Compensation of employees	28.7		Glass products from purchased glass	14.8	Manufg.
Clay & nonclay refractory manufacturing	14.0	Manufg.	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	14.2	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	5.1	Services	Exports of goods & services	13.4	Cap Inv
Wholesale trade	4.5	Trade	Manufacturing structures	11.8	Construct.
Fabricated metals, nec	4.1	Manufg.	Clay & nonclay refractory manufacturing	11.5	Manufg.
Fabric coating mills	3.1	Manufg.	Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures	6.0	Manufg.
Monetary authorities/depository credit intermediation	3.1	Fin/R.E.	Cement	4.5	Manufg.
Ground or treated mineral & earth	2.8	Manufg.	Ferrous metal foundries	4.4	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	1.8	Util.	Nonresidential structures, nec	3.4	Construct.
Natural gas distribution	1.7	Util.	Flat glass	2.5	Manufg.
Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	1.6	Manufg.	Glass containers	2.3	Manufg.
Truck transportation	1.5	Util.	Motor vehicle parts	2.1	Manufg.
Machine shops	1.3	Manufg.	Steel products from purchased steel	1.4	Manufg.
Paints & coatings	1.3	Manufg.	Residential permanent site structures	1.3	Construct.
Veneer & plywood	1.0	Manufg.	Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	1.1	Construct.
Professional, scientific, technical services, nec	0.9	Services	Lime & gypsum products	1.1	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.9	Util.	Ready-mix concrete	0.7	Manufg.
Chemical products & preparations, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Primary smelting & refining of copper	0.6	Manufg.
Basic organic chemicals, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Concrete pipe, brick, & block	0.5	Manufg.
Real estate	0.7	Fin/R.E.	Plate work & fabricated structural products	0.3	Manufg.
Sand, gravel, clay, & refractory minerals	0.7	Mining	Concrete products, nec	0.3	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	0.5	Mining	Brick, tile & other structural clay products	0.3	Manufg.
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.5	Construct.	Metal tanks (heavy gauge)	0.3	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.5		Power boilers & heat exchangers	0.3	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.5	Manufg.	Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	0.2	Manufg.
Scientific research & development services	0.4	Services	Copper rolling, drawing, extruding, & alloying	0.2	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.4	Services	Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Sawmills & wood preservation	0.4	Manufg.	Machine shops	0.2	Manufg.
Nondepository credit intermediation activities	0.4	Fin/R.E.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.1	Manufg.
Food services & drinking places	0.4	Services
Advertising & related services	0.4	Services
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.4	Fin/R.E.
Noncomparable imports	0.3	Foreign
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.3	Services

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR CLAY AND NONCLAY REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING - Continued
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., January 2008. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.3	Services
Data processing, hosting, & related services	0.3	Services
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.3	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.
Telecommunications	0.3	Services
Coal	0.3	Mining
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.3	Services
Lessors of nonfinancial assets	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Miscellaneous wood products	0.2	Manufg.
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.2	Services
Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc	0.2	Mining
Wood windows & doors & millwork	0.2	Manufg.
Warehousing & storage	0.2	Util.
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
Hotels & motels, including casino hotels	0.2	Services
Legal services	0.2	Services
Wood containers & pallets	0.2	Manufg.
Air transportation	0.2	Util.
Petroleum refineries	0.2	Manufg.
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.
Turned products & screws, nuts, & bolts	0.2	Manufg.
Mineral wool	0.2	Manufg.
Civic, social, & professional organizations	0.2	Services
Pressed & blown glass & glassware, nec	0.1	Manufg.
Plastics products, nec	0.1	Manufg.
Scenic & sightseeing transport & related services	0.1	Util.
Petroleum lubricating oil & grease	0.1	Manufg.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY CLAY PRODUCT & REFRACTORY MANUFACTURING
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Molders, shapers, & casters, exc metal & plastic	6.3	-8.4	Craft artists	2.3	-8.4
Extruding, forming, pressing machine operators	5.5	-8.4	Coating, painting, & spraying machine operators	2.3	-13.0
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, & kettle operators	4.8	-8.4	Crushing, grinding, polishing machine operators	2.0	-17.6
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	4.7	-13.6	Sales reps, wholesale & manufacturing, exc tech	1.9	-8.4
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.3	-8.4	Packaging & filling machine operators & tenders	1.8	-17.6
Helpers--Production workers	4.3	-8.4	Production workers, nec	1.7	-10.1
Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	3.9	-17.6	Retail salespersons	1.7	-8.4
Painting, coating, & decorating workers	3.0	-8.4	Industrial machinery mechanics	1.5	5.3
Mixing & blending machine operators & tenders	3.0	-8.4	Machinists	1.5	-3.8
Packers & packagers, hand	2.7	-26.7	General & operations managers	1.5	-17.6
Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.7	-17.6	Customer service representatives	1.3	0.8
Team assemblers	2.7	-8.4	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.2	-11.9
Maintenance & repair workers, general	2.5	-8.4	Industrial production managers	1.1	-8.4

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE
State	Establishments	Shipments			Employment				Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee($)
State	Establishments	Total ($ mil)	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Total Number	% of U.S.	Per Establ.	Wages ($/hour)	Cost as % of Shipments	Investment per Employee($)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The states are in descending order of shipments or establishments (if shipment data are missing for the majority). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. States marked with (D) are sorted by number of establishments. A dash (-) indicates that the data element cannot be calculated. Data may not show all states active in the NAICS category. All data available at the time of publication are shown.
Ohio	45	387.8	18.5	8,616.9	1,840	17.8	41	16.55	43.6	6,012
Pennsylvania	36	351.6	16.8	9,767.4	1,599	15.4	44	19.37	44.3	5,118
Michigan	13	104.8	5.0	8,063.6	565	5.5	43	18.97	41.1	7,632
New York	6	90.4	4.3	15,065.2	504	4.9	84	18.95	46.9	2,363
Kentucky	3	82.6	3.9	27,549.0	369	3.6	123	15.78	42.3	4,295
Alabama	10	82.2	3.9	8,224.1	443	4.3	44	17.93	49.4	4,377
Indiana	15	73.2	3.5	4,880.3	425	4.1	28	17.47	45.9	2,092
Missouri	7	59.0	2.8	8,434.7	352	3.4	50	19.64	64.2	920
North Carolina	4	53.7	2.6	13,433.0	275	2.7	69	13.17	48.9	3,204
Illinois	6	51.5	2.5	8,590.5	219	2.1	37	18.06	63.2	1,539
Maryland	5	15.3	0.7	3,054.2	110	1.1	22	18.68	41.1	2,200