NAICS 331311 - Alumina Refining

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1997 and 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses, respectively. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1997	6	7	7	3.2	2.4	5.2	155.9	20.22	832.8	351.4	1,257.2	97.0
1998		9	7	3.0	2.3	5.0	140.7	19.59	957.6	356.4	1,313.4	93.4
1999		10	5	2.9	2.1	4.5	132.9	20.25	898.5	265.7	1,179.2	98.6
2000		12	5	3.0	2.2	4.5	142.4	21.91	877.6	250.7	1,124.7	306.6
2001		11	5	3.0	2.2	4.6	156.9	22.88	560.7	304.8	865.7	115.9
2002	7	9	6	1.5	1.1	2.6	88.2	23.06	392.4	435.8	822.5	13.6
2003		9	6	1.6	1.1	2.7	87.9	20.33	674.3	140.4	809.4	20.1
2004		10	7	1.5	1.1	2.3	85.1	22.59	577.9	365.0	950.7	20.1
2005		13	9	1.7	1.2	2.7	101.2	23.56	768.9	488.5	1,242.5	22.1
2006		12P	7P	1.4	1.0	2.3	91.7	25.16	738.5	533.3	1,269.5	19.9
2007		12P	7P	1.0P	0.7P	1.6P	74.1P	24.60P	581.5P	419.9P	999.6P
2008		13P	8P	0.8P	0.5P	1.3P	66.1P	25.08P	572.6P	413.5P	984.3P
2009		13P	8P	0.6P	0.3P	0.9P	58.0P	25.56P	563.7P	407.1P	969.1P
2010		13P	8P	0.3P	0.1P	0.5P	50.0P	26.04P	554.9P	400.7P	953.8P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1997	86	78	117	213	218	200	177	88	212	81	153	713
1998		100	117	200	209	192	160	85	244	82	160	687
1999		111	83	193	191	173	151	88	229	61	143	725
2000		133	83	200	200	173	161	95	224	58	137	2,254
2001		122	83	200	200	177	178	99	143	70	105	852
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		100	100	107	100	104	100	88	172	32	98	148
2004		111	117	100	100	88	96	98	147	84	116	148
2005		144	150	113	109	104	115	102	196	112	151	163
2006		131P	120P	93	91	88	104	109	188	122	154	146
2007		136P	123P	67P	64P	62P	84P	107P	148P	96P	122P
2008		140P	127P	53P	45P	50P	75P	109P	146P	95P	120P
2009		143P	130P	40P	27P	35P	66P	111P	144P	93P	118P
2010		148P	133P	20P	9P	19P	57P	113P	141P	92P	116P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	167	397	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	396,182	217
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	9,800,000	598	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	43,600,000	756
Payroll per Employee	39,053	58,800	151	Cost per Employee	137,446	261,600	190
Production Workers per Establishment	30	122	414	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	356,727	182
Wages per Establishment	694,845	6,661,778	959	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	91,388,889	819
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	54,505	231	Shipments per Employee	265,847	548,333	206
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,364	119	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	747,727	198
Wages per Hour	11.89	23.06	194	Investment per Establishment	361,338	1,511,111	418
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	48,422,222	900	Investment per Employee	8,609	9,067	105
Value Added per Employee	128,210	290,533	227	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	12,364	101

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 75 Total sales ($ mil): 228,095 Total employment (000): 338.5
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Dow Chemical	2030 Dow Ctr.	Midland	MI	48674		989-636-1000	P	53,513	45.9
E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.	1007 Market St.	Wilmington	DE	19898		302-774-1000	P	29,378	60.0
Eli Lilly and Co.	Lilly Corporate Ctr	Indianapolis	IN	46285		317-276-2000	P	18,634	40.6
Freeport-McMoRan Copper/Gold	PO Box 51777	New Orleans	LA	70151	Richard C. Adkerson	504-582-4000	P	16,939	25.4
Equistar Chemicals L.P.	PO Box 2583	Houston	TX	77252	Dan F. Smith	713-652-7200	S	11,686	3.2
Air Products & Chemicals	7201 Hamilton Blvd.	Allentown	PA	18195		610-481-4911	P	10,038	22.1
Honeywell Int'l Specialty Mat.	101 Columbia Rd.	Morristown	NJ	07962	Nance K. Dicciani	973-455-2000	R	8,309*	10.0
Union Tank Car Co.	175 W Jackson Blvd.	Chicago	IL	60604	Kenneth Fischl	312-431-3111	R	7,000*	0.2
Eastman Chemical Co.	PO Box 431	Kingsport	TN	37662	J. Brian Ferguson	423-229-2000	P	6,830	10.8
Ashland Specialty Chemical Co.	PO Box 2219	Columbus	OH	43216	James O'Brien	614-790-3333	S	6,424*	7.1
Nalco Holding Co.	1601 W Diehl Rd.	Naperville	IL	60563		630-305-1000	P	3,913	11.6
Trelleborg Emerson and Cuming	290 Forbes Blvd.	Mansfield	MA	02048	Steven Barner	774-719-1400	R	3,720*	<0.1
Cytec Industries Inc.	5 Garret Mtn. Plz.	West Paterson	NJ	07424		973-357-3100	P	3,504	6.8
Solvay Chemical Inc.	PO Box 27328	Houston	TX	77227	Richard Hogan	713-525-6500	S	3,298	8.7
Georgia Gulf Corp.	115 Perimeter Ctr.	Atlanta	GA	30346	Paul Carrico	770-395-4500	P	3,157	5.2
W.R. Grace and Co.	7500 Grace Dr.	Columbia	MD	21044		410-531-4000	P	3,115	6.5
Cabot Corp.	2 Seaport Ln., 1300	Boston	MA	02210		617-345-0100	P	2,616	4.3
J.M. Huber Corp.	333 Thornall St.	Edison	NJ	08837	Peter T. Francis	732-549-8600	R	2,300*	5.0
Helena Chemical Co.	225 Schilling Blvd.	Collierville	TN	38017	Mike Carty	901-761-0050	R	2,291*	0.2
Synsil Products Inc.	405 Lexington Ave.	New York	NY	10174	Paul R. Saueracker	212-878-1800	S	2,043*	2.5
USEC Inc.	6903 Rockledge Dr.	Bethesda	MD	20817		301-564-3200	P	1,928	2.9
Helmerich and Payne Inc.	1437 S Boulder Ave.	Tulsa	OK	74119	Hans Helmerich	918-742-5531	P	1,629	4.3
ICC Industries Inc.	460 Park Ave.	New York	NY	10022	John J. Farber	212-521-1700	R	1,629*	3.0
Solvay America Inc.	3333 Richmond	Houston	TX	77098	David G. Birney	713-525-6000	S	1,611*	4.0
Dover Chemical Corp.	PO Box 40	Dover	OH	44622	Dwain Colvin	330-343-7711	R	1,600*	0.2
Koppers Inc.	436 7th Ave.	Pittsburgh	PA	15219	Robert Cizik	412-227-2001	R	1,160	2.0
Imerys USA Inc.	100 Mansell Ct. E	Roswell	GA	30076	Gerard Buffiere	770-594-0660	R	1,159*	0.1
Minerals Technologies Inc.	405 Lexington Ave.	New York	NY	10174	John Curcio	212-878-1800	P	1,078	2.7
Virginia Kik Inc.	PO Box 660	Salem	VA	24153	David Cynamon	540-389-5401	R	1,060*	<0.1
Beaumont Ammonia Inc.	600 4th Street	Sioux City	IA	51101	Michael L. Bennett	712-277-1340	S	990*	1.2
Erachem Comilog Inc.	610 Pittman Rd.	Baltimore	MD	21226	Alain Pradoura	410-789-8800	R	988*	0.2
Tetra Technologies Inc.	25025 Interst 45 N	The Woodlands	TX	77380		281-367-1983	P	982	2.9
Lonza Inc.	90 Boroline Rd	Allendale	NJ	07401	Stephen Kutzer	201-316-9200	S	978*	5.7
Kemira Chemicals Inc.	1950 Vaughn NW	Kennesaw	GA	30144		770-436-1542	R	978*	<0.1
General Chemical Corp.	90 E Halsey Rd.	Parsippany	NJ	07054	Richard Russell	973-515-0900	S	690*	4.5
OM Group Inc.	127 Public Square	Cleveland	OH	44114		216-781-0083	P	660	1.2
Arizona Chemical Company Inc.	PO Box 550850	Jacksonville	FL	32255	Gerald C. Marterer	904-928-8700	S	586*	1.4
Innophos Holdings Inc.	259 Prospect Plains	Cranbury	NJ	08512	Randy Gress	609-495-2495	P	579	1.0
Dakota Gasification Co.	PO Box 1149	Beulah	ND	58523		701-873-2100	R	509*	0.6
Rockwood Specialties Group	100 Overlook Ctr.	Princeton	NJ	08540	Stephen Ainscough	609-514-0300	S	508*	10.0
Champion Technologies Inc.	PO Box 27727	Houston	TX	77227	Thomas Amonett	713-627-3303	R	500*	0.1
LSB Industries Inc.	16 S Penn. Avenue	Oklahoma City	OK	73107	Jack E. Golsen	405-235-4546	P	492	1.6
EMD Chemicals Inc.	480 S Democrat Rd.	Gibbstown	NJ	08027	Meiken Krebs	856-423-6300	R	482*	0.2
Diagnostic Products Corp.	5210 Pac Concourse	Los Angeles	CA	90045	Sidney A. Aroesty	310-645-8200	S	481	2.6
Phibro Animal Health Corp.	65 Challenger Rd.	Ridgefield Park	NJ	07660	Gerald Carlson	201-329-7300	R	364*	<0.1
ATMI Inc.	7 Commerce Dr.	Danbury	CT	06810	Eugene Banucci	203-794-1100	P	364	0.8
Manufacturers Soap & Chemicals	PO Box 2788	Cleveland	TN	37320	Ronald H. Braam	423-476-6666	S	362*	0.4
Calgon Carbon Corp.	PO Box 717	Pittsburgh	PA	15230		412-787-6700	P	316	0.8
Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co.	PO Box 355	Milwaukee	WI	53201	Rod Kelley	414-273-3850	S	312*	0.5
Scholle Corp.	19540 Jamboree Rd.	Irvine	CA	92612		949-955-1750	R	300*	<0.1
OMG Americas Inc.	811 Sharon Dr.	Westlake	OH	44145		440-899-2950	S	289*	0.2
M and M Chemical and Equipment	1229 Valley Dr.	Attalla	AL	35954	Gary Pechota	256-538-3800	R	289*	<0.1
Pressure Vessel Service Inc.	10900 Harper Ave.	Detroit	MI	48213		313-921-1200	R	271*	<0.1
Metalor USA Refining Corp.	PO Box 255	North Attleboro	MA	02761		508-699-8800	R	243*	0.2
Wacker Silicones Corp.	3301 Sutton Rd.	Adrian	MI	49221	Matthias Wolfgruber	517-264-8500	S	222*	0.5
General Atomics	PO Box 85608	San Diego	CA	92186	James Blue	858-455-3000	R	219*	1.0
Clariant LSM (Florida) Inc.	PO Box 1466	Gainesville	FL	32602	Roland Lvsser	352-376-8246	S	216*	0.2
International Sulphur Inc.	PO Box 611	Mount Pleasant	TX	75456	Jerry Jenett	903-577-5500	R	191*	0.3
American Pacific Corp.	3770 H Hughes	Las Vegas	NV	89109	Joseph Carleone	702-735-2200	P	184	0.5
Cormetech Inc.	5000 International	Durham	NC	27712	Steve Suttle	919-620-3000	J	178*	0.3
NL Industries Inc.	5430 LBJ Fwy.	Dallas	TX	75240		972-233-1700	P	178	1.0
TETRA Thermal Inc.	25025 I-45 N, 600	The Woodlands	TX	77380	Albert Smith	281-367-1983	S	175*	0.2
NORIT Americas Inc.	PO Box 790	Marshall	TX	75671	Maarten Knuttel	903-923-1000	R	169*	0.2
DSM Desotech Inc.	1122 St Charles St	Elgin	IL	60120	Steve Hartig	847-697-0400	R	146*	0.2
Indspec Chemical Corp.	411 7th Ave., 300	Pittsburgh	PA	15219	Lawrence Sewell	412-765-1200	S	142*	0.4
Americhem Inc.	225 Broadway St. E	Cuyahoga Falls	OH	44221		330-929-4213	R	121*	0.1
Alltech Inc.	3031 Catnip Hill Rd	Nicholasville	KY	40356		859-885-9613	R	121*	0.2
Hammond Group Inc.	PO Box 6408	Hammond	IN	46325	Peter Wilke	219-931-9360	R	114*	<0.1
Angstrom Sciences Inc.	40 S Linden St.	Duquesne	PA	15110	Mark Bernick	412-469-8466	R	102*	<0.1
Nuclear Fuel Services Inc.	1205 Banner Hill Rd	Erwin	TN	37650	Dwight Ferguson	423-743-9141	R	102*	0.3
ESA Biosciences Inc.	22 Alpha Rd.	Chelmsford	MA	01824	Walter Giusto	978-250-7000	R	90*	<0.1
Big River Zinc Corp.	2401 Mississippi	E Saint Louis	IL	62201	George Obeldobel	618-274-5000	R	89*	0.3
Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals	300 Park Ave.	New York	NY	10022	Ian Cook		S	88*	0.3
Penn United Technology Inc.	PO Box 399	Saxonburg	PA	16056	Carl Jones	724-352-1507	R	88*	0.7
Magnesium Elektron Inc.	500 Point Breeze Rd	Flemington	NJ	08822	Alan Foster	908-782-5800	R	84*	0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED
Material		Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)(100 percent NaOH)	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
Other industrial inorganic chemicals		(X)	30.8
Bauxite	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
Parts and attachments for machinery and equipment		(X)	(D)
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies		(X)	30.5
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk		(X)	1.9

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
ALUMINA	554.6	Aluminum oxide, except natural alumina	554.6

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	19.3	Manufg.	Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	33.8	Manufg.
Compensation of employees	17.9		Nonferrous metal foundries	10.8	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	16.7	Util.	Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	8.0	Manufg.
Carbon & graphite products	4.5	Manufg.	Motor vehicle parts	5.9	Manufg.
Truck transportation	3.5	Util.	Secondary smelting & alloying of aluminum	4.6	Manufg.
Natural gas distribution	2.9	Util.	Metal cans, boxes, & other containers (light gauge)	4.1	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	2.8	Services	Exports of goods & services	2.6	Cap Inv
Wholesale trade	2.1	Trade	Travel trailers & campers	2.1	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	1.4	Mining	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	1.6	Manufg.
Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	1.2	Manufg.	Ornamental & architectural metal products	1.5	Manufg.
Noncomparable imports	1.0	Foreign	Valve & fittings other than plumbing	1.2	Manufg.
Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	0.9	Manufg.	Cutlery, utensils, pots, & pans	1.0	Manufg.
Industrial machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Manufacturing, nec	0.9	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.7	Manufg.	General purpose machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.
Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	0.7	Manufg.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.8	Manufg.
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.7	Manufg.	Wiring devices	0.8	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.6		Custom roll forming	0.7	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.6	Util.	Material handling equipment	0.7	Manufg.
Coal	0.5	Mining	Real estate	0.6	Fin/R.E.
Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.	Forging, stamping, & sintering, nec	0.5	Manufg.
Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	0.5	Manufg.	Wholesale trade	0.5	Trade
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.4	Construct.	Motors & generators	0.5	Manufg.
Paperboard containers	0.4	Manufg.	Motor homes	0.5	Manufg.
Specialized design services	0.3	Services	Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.3	Services	Handtools	0.5	Manufg.
Employment services	0.3	Services	Other S/L govt. enterprises	0.4	S/L Govt
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	0.3	Fin/R.E.	Electronic connectors	0.4	Manufg.
Management, scientific, & technical consulting	0.3	Services	Electronic components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Chemical products & preparations, nec	0.3	Manufg.	General/consumer goods rental, ex. video tape & disc	0.4	Fin/R.E.
Legal services	0.3	Services	Electrical equipment & components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Business support services	0.3	Services	Industrial process variable instruments	0.4	Manufg.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.3	Services	Motorcycles, bicycles, & parts	0.4	Manufg.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.2	Services	Industrial machinery, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Alkalies & chlorine	0.2	Manufg.	Aircraft parts & auxiliary equipment, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Basic inorganic chemicals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	General Federal government services, defense	0.3	Fed Govt
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.2	Services	Blinds & shades	0.3	Manufg.
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services	Crowns & closures & metal stamping	0.3	Manufg.
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.	Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.
Plastics packaging materials, film & sheet	0.2	Manufg.	Arms, ordnance, & accessories	0.3	Manufg.
Petroleum refineries	0.2	Manufg.	Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	0.3	Manufg.
Advertising & related services	0.2	Services	Household cooking appliances	0.3	Manufg.
Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	Video tape & disc rental	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Support services, nec	0.2	Services	Broadcast & wireless communications equipment	0.3	Manufg.
Motor vehicle parts	0.1	Manufg.	Transportation equipment, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Warehousing & storage	0.1	Util.	Household laundry equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.1	Services	Air purification & ventilation equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Investigation & security services	0.1	Services	Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers	0.2	Manufg.
Relay & industrial controls	0.1	Manufg.	Guided missiles & space vehicles	0.2	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.1	Manufg.	Pumps & pumping equipment	0.2	Manufg.

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION - Continued
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C., January 2008. User should note that this Input-Output table is not for this particular narrowly defined industry but for a larger aggregate. Input and Output data for Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production include Input and Output data for the Annual Survey of Manufactures’ NAICS industries 33131A and 331312. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.1	Fin/R.E.	Bare printed circuit boards	0.2	Manufg.
Scrap	0.1	Scrap	Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.
			Search, detection, & navigation instruments	0.2	Manufg.
			Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
			Household refrigerators & home freezers	0.2	Manufg.
			Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
			Hardware	0.2	Manufg.
			Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.2	Services
			Sporting & athletic goods	0.2	Manufg.
			Packaging machinery	0.2	Manufg.
			Internet publishing & broadcasting	0.2	Services
			Services to buildings & dwellings	0.2	Services
			Custom architectural woodwork & millwork	0.2	Manufg.
			Metal & other household furniture	0.2	Manufg.
			Aircraft	0.1	Manufg.
			Communications equipment, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			Commercial & service industry machinery, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			AC, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment	0.1	Manufg.
			Internet service providers & web search portals	0.1	Services
			Magnetic & optical recording media	0.1	Manufg.
			Watches, clocks, & related devices	0.1	Manufg.
			Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers	0.1	Manufg.
			Telephone apparatus	0.1	Manufg.
			Sound recording industries	0.1	Services
			Plate work & fabricated structural products	0.1	Manufg.
			Analytical laboratory instruments	0.1	Manufg.
			Lighting fixtures	0.1	Manufg.
			Tobacco products	0.1	Manufg.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY ALUMINA & ALUMINUM PRODUCTION & PROCESSING
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Metal-refining furnace operators & tenders	5.4	-23.4	Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.2	-37.4
Cutting, punching, & press machine operators	5.2	-37.4	Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	2.1	-37.4
Extruding & drawing machine operators & tenders	4.6	-30.4	Electricians	2.0	-27.8
Industrial machinery mechanics	4.3	-20.0	Machinists	1.4	-26.9
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.2	-30.4	Packaging & filling machine operators & tenders	1.4	-37.4
Team assemblers	4.0	-30.4	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.3	-33.0
Rolling machine operators & tenders	3.6	-30.4	Plating & coating machine operators & tenders	1.2	-27.4
Maintenance & repair workers, general	3.2	-30.4	Heat treating equipment operators & tenders	1.1	-30.4
Multiple machine tool operators & tenders	3.1	-23.4	Molding, coremaking, & casting machine operators	1.1	-37.4
Helpers--Production workers	2.9	-30.4	First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics	1.1	-30.4
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	2.7	-34.4	Tool & die makers	1.0	-26.9
Packers & packagers, hand	2.7	-44.3	Metal workers & plastic workers, nec	1.0	-44.3
Pourers & casters, metal	2.5	-24.2

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE
State-level data are not available.

NAICS 331311 - Alumina Refining

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1997 and 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses, respectively. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1997	6	7	7	3.2	2.4	5.2	155.9	20.22	832.8	351.4	1,257.2	97.0
1998		9	7	3.0	2.3	5.0	140.7	19.59	957.6	356.4	1,313.4	93.4
1999		10	5	2.9	2.1	4.5	132.9	20.25	898.5	265.7	1,179.2	98.6
2000		12	5	3.0	2.2	4.5	142.4	21.91	877.6	250.7	1,124.7	306.6
2001		11	5	3.0	2.2	4.6	156.9	22.88	560.7	304.8	865.7	115.9
2002	7	9	6	1.5	1.1	2.6	88.2	23.06	392.4	435.8	822.5	13.6
2003		9	6	1.6	1.1	2.7	87.9	20.33	674.3	140.4	809.4	20.1
2004		10	7	1.5	1.1	2.3	85.1	22.59	577.9	365.0	950.7	20.1
2005		13	9	1.7	1.2	2.7	101.2	23.56	768.9	488.5	1,242.5	22.1
2006		12P	7P	1.4	1.0	2.3	91.7	25.16	738.5	533.3	1,269.5	19.9
2007		12P	7P	1.0P	0.7P	1.6P	74.1P	24.60P	581.5P	419.9P	999.6P
2008		13P	8P	0.8P	0.5P	1.3P	66.1P	25.08P	572.6P	413.5P	984.3P
2009		13P	8P	0.6P	0.3P	0.9P	58.0P	25.56P	563.7P	407.1P	969.1P
2010		13P	8P	0.3P	0.1P	0.5P	50.0P	26.04P	554.9P	400.7P	953.8P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1997	86	78	117	213	218	200	177	88	212	81	153	713
1998		100	117	200	209	192	160	85	244	82	160	687
1999		111	83	193	191	173	151	88	229	61	143	725
2000		133	83	200	200	173	161	95	224	58	137	2,254
2001		122	83	200	200	177	178	99	143	70	105	852
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		100	100	107	100	104	100	88	172	32	98	148
2004		111	117	100	100	88	96	98	147	84	116	148
2005		144	150	113	109	104	115	102	196	112	151	163
2006		131P	120P	93	91	88	104	109	188	122	154	146
2007		136P	123P	67P	64P	62P	84P	107P	148P	96P	122P
2008		140P	127P	53P	45P	50P	75P	109P	146P	95P	120P
2009		143P	130P	40P	27P	35P	66P	111P	144P	93P	118P
2010		148P	133P	20P	9P	19P	57P	113P	141P	92P	116P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	167	397	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	396,182	217
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	9,800,000	598	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	43,600,000	756
Payroll per Employee	39,053	58,800	151	Cost per Employee	137,446	261,600	190
Production Workers per Establishment	30	122	414	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	356,727	182
Wages per Establishment	694,845	6,661,778	959	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	91,388,889	819
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	54,505	231	Shipments per Employee	265,847	548,333	206
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,364	119	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	747,727	198
Wages per Hour	11.89	23.06	194	Investment per Establishment	361,338	1,511,111	418
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	48,422,222	900	Investment per Employee	8,609	9,067	105
Value Added per Employee	128,210	290,533	227	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	12,364	101

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 75 Total sales ($ mil): 228,095 Total employment (000): 338.5
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Dow Chemical	2030 Dow Ctr.	Midland	MI	48674		989-636-1000	P	53,513	45.9
E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.	1007 Market St.	Wilmington	DE	19898		302-774-1000	P	29,378	60.0
Eli Lilly and Co.	Lilly Corporate Ctr	Indianapolis	IN	46285		317-276-2000	P	18,634	40.6
Freeport-McMoRan Copper/Gold	PO Box 51777	New Orleans	LA	70151	Richard C. Adkerson	504-582-4000	P	16,939	25.4
Equistar Chemicals L.P.	PO Box 2583	Houston	TX	77252	Dan F. Smith	713-652-7200	S	11,686	3.2
Air Products & Chemicals	7201 Hamilton Blvd.	Allentown	PA	18195		610-481-4911	P	10,038	22.1
Honeywell Int'l Specialty Mat.	101 Columbia Rd.	Morristown	NJ	07962	Nance K. Dicciani	973-455-2000	R	8,309*	10.0
Union Tank Car Co.	175 W Jackson Blvd.	Chicago	IL	60604	Kenneth Fischl	312-431-3111	R	7,000*	0.2
Eastman Chemical Co.	PO Box 431	Kingsport	TN	37662	J. Brian Ferguson	423-229-2000	P	6,830	10.8
Ashland Specialty Chemical Co.	PO Box 2219	Columbus	OH	43216	James O'Brien	614-790-3333	S	6,424*	7.1
Nalco Holding Co.	1601 W Diehl Rd.	Naperville	IL	60563		630-305-1000	P	3,913	11.6
Trelleborg Emerson and Cuming	290 Forbes Blvd.	Mansfield	MA	02048	Steven Barner	774-719-1400	R	3,720*	<0.1
Cytec Industries Inc.	5 Garret Mtn. Plz.	West Paterson	NJ	07424		973-357-3100	P	3,504	6.8
Solvay Chemical Inc.	PO Box 27328	Houston	TX	77227	Richard Hogan	713-525-6500	S	3,298	8.7
Georgia Gulf Corp.	115 Perimeter Ctr.	Atlanta	GA	30346	Paul Carrico	770-395-4500	P	3,157	5.2
W.R. Grace and Co.	7500 Grace Dr.	Columbia	MD	21044		410-531-4000	P	3,115	6.5
Cabot Corp.	2 Seaport Ln., 1300	Boston	MA	02210		617-345-0100	P	2,616	4.3
J.M. Huber Corp.	333 Thornall St.	Edison	NJ	08837	Peter T. Francis	732-549-8600	R	2,300*	5.0
Helena Chemical Co.	225 Schilling Blvd.	Collierville	TN	38017	Mike Carty	901-761-0050	R	2,291*	0.2
Synsil Products Inc.	405 Lexington Ave.	New York	NY	10174	Paul R. Saueracker	212-878-1800	S	2,043*	2.5
USEC Inc.	6903 Rockledge Dr.	Bethesda	MD	20817		301-564-3200	P	1,928	2.9
Helmerich and Payne Inc.	1437 S Boulder Ave.	Tulsa	OK	74119	Hans Helmerich	918-742-5531	P	1,629	4.3
ICC Industries Inc.	460 Park Ave.	New York	NY	10022	John J. Farber	212-521-1700	R	1,629*	3.0
Solvay America Inc.	3333 Richmond	Houston	TX	77098	David G. Birney	713-525-6000	S	1,611*	4.0
Dover Chemical Corp.	PO Box 40	Dover	OH	44622	Dwain Colvin	330-343-7711	R	1,600*	0.2
Koppers Inc.	436 7th Ave.	Pittsburgh	PA	15219	Robert Cizik	412-227-2001	R	1,160	2.0
Imerys USA Inc.	100 Mansell Ct. E	Roswell	GA	30076	Gerard Buffiere	770-594-0660	R	1,159*	0.1
Minerals Technologies Inc.	405 Lexington Ave.	New York	NY	10174	John Curcio	212-878-1800	P	1,078	2.7
Virginia Kik Inc.	PO Box 660	Salem	VA	24153	David Cynamon	540-389-5401	R	1,060*	<0.1
Beaumont Ammonia Inc.	600 4th Street	Sioux City	IA	51101	Michael L. Bennett	712-277-1340	S	990*	1.2
Erachem Comilog Inc.	610 Pittman Rd.	Baltimore	MD	21226	Alain Pradoura	410-789-8800	R	988*	0.2
Tetra Technologies Inc.	25025 Interst 45 N	The Woodlands	TX	77380		281-367-1983	P	982	2.9
Lonza Inc.	90 Boroline Rd	Allendale	NJ	07401	Stephen Kutzer	201-316-9200	S	978*	5.7
Kemira Chemicals Inc.	1950 Vaughn NW	Kennesaw	GA	30144		770-436-1542	R	978*	<0.1
General Chemical Corp.	90 E Halsey Rd.	Parsippany	NJ	07054	Richard Russell	973-515-0900	S	690*	4.5
OM Group Inc.	127 Public Square	Cleveland	OH	44114		216-781-0083	P	660	1.2
Arizona Chemical Company Inc.	PO Box 550850	Jacksonville	FL	32255	Gerald C. Marterer	904-928-8700	S	586*	1.4
Innophos Holdings Inc.	259 Prospect Plains	Cranbury	NJ	08512	Randy Gress	609-495-2495	P	579	1.0
Dakota Gasification Co.	PO Box 1149	Beulah	ND	58523		701-873-2100	R	509*	0.6
Rockwood Specialties Group	100 Overlook Ctr.	Princeton	NJ	08540	Stephen Ainscough	609-514-0300	S	508*	10.0
Champion Technologies Inc.	PO Box 27727	Houston	TX	77227	Thomas Amonett	713-627-3303	R	500*	0.1
LSB Industries Inc.	16 S Penn. Avenue	Oklahoma City	OK	73107	Jack E. Golsen	405-235-4546	P	492	1.6
EMD Chemicals Inc.	480 S Democrat Rd.	Gibbstown	NJ	08027	Meiken Krebs	856-423-6300	R	482*	0.2
Diagnostic Products Corp.	5210 Pac Concourse	Los Angeles	CA	90045	Sidney A. Aroesty	310-645-8200	S	481	2.6
Phibro Animal Health Corp.	65 Challenger Rd.	Ridgefield Park	NJ	07660	Gerald Carlson	201-329-7300	R	364*	<0.1
ATMI Inc.	7 Commerce Dr.	Danbury	CT	06810	Eugene Banucci	203-794-1100	P	364	0.8
Manufacturers Soap & Chemicals	PO Box 2788	Cleveland	TN	37320	Ronald H. Braam	423-476-6666	S	362*	0.4
Calgon Carbon Corp.	PO Box 717	Pittsburgh	PA	15230		412-787-6700	P	316	0.8
Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co.	PO Box 355	Milwaukee	WI	53201	Rod Kelley	414-273-3850	S	312*	0.5
Scholle Corp.	19540 Jamboree Rd.	Irvine	CA	92612		949-955-1750	R	300*	<0.1
OMG Americas Inc.	811 Sharon Dr.	Westlake	OH	44145		440-899-2950	S	289*	0.2
M and M Chemical and Equipment	1229 Valley Dr.	Attalla	AL	35954	Gary Pechota	256-538-3800	R	289*	<0.1
Pressure Vessel Service Inc.	10900 Harper Ave.	Detroit	MI	48213		313-921-1200	R	271*	<0.1
Metalor USA Refining Corp.	PO Box 255	North Attleboro	MA	02761		508-699-8800	R	243*	0.2
Wacker Silicones Corp.	3301 Sutton Rd.	Adrian	MI	49221	Matthias Wolfgruber	517-264-8500	S	222*	0.5
General Atomics	PO Box 85608	San Diego	CA	92186	James Blue	858-455-3000	R	219*	1.0
Clariant LSM (Florida) Inc.	PO Box 1466	Gainesville	FL	32602	Roland Lvsser	352-376-8246	S	216*	0.2
International Sulphur Inc.	PO Box 611	Mount Pleasant	TX	75456	Jerry Jenett	903-577-5500	R	191*	0.3
American Pacific Corp.	3770 H Hughes	Las Vegas	NV	89109	Joseph Carleone	702-735-2200	P	184	0.5
Cormetech Inc.	5000 International	Durham	NC	27712	Steve Suttle	919-620-3000	J	178*	0.3
NL Industries Inc.	5430 LBJ Fwy.	Dallas	TX	75240		972-233-1700	P	178	1.0
TETRA Thermal Inc.	25025 I-45 N, 600	The Woodlands	TX	77380	Albert Smith	281-367-1983	S	175*	0.2
NORIT Americas Inc.	PO Box 790	Marshall	TX	75671	Maarten Knuttel	903-923-1000	R	169*	0.2
DSM Desotech Inc.	1122 St Charles St	Elgin	IL	60120	Steve Hartig	847-697-0400	R	146*	0.2
Indspec Chemical Corp.	411 7th Ave., 300	Pittsburgh	PA	15219	Lawrence Sewell	412-765-1200	S	142*	0.4
Americhem Inc.	225 Broadway St. E	Cuyahoga Falls	OH	44221		330-929-4213	R	121*	0.1
Alltech Inc.	3031 Catnip Hill Rd	Nicholasville	KY	40356		859-885-9613	R	121*	0.2
Hammond Group Inc.	PO Box 6408	Hammond	IN	46325	Peter Wilke	219-931-9360	R	114*	<0.1
Angstrom Sciences Inc.	40 S Linden St.	Duquesne	PA	15110	Mark Bernick	412-469-8466	R	102*	<0.1
Nuclear Fuel Services Inc.	1205 Banner Hill Rd	Erwin	TN	37650	Dwight Ferguson	423-743-9141	R	102*	0.3
ESA Biosciences Inc.	22 Alpha Rd.	Chelmsford	MA	01824	Walter Giusto	978-250-7000	R	90*	<0.1
Big River Zinc Corp.	2401 Mississippi	E Saint Louis	IL	62201	George Obeldobel	618-274-5000	R	89*	0.3
Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals	300 Park Ave.	New York	NY	10022	Ian Cook		S	88*	0.3
Penn United Technology Inc.	PO Box 399	Saxonburg	PA	16056	Carl Jones	724-352-1507	R	88*	0.7
Magnesium Elektron Inc.	500 Point Breeze Rd	Flemington	NJ	08822	Alan Foster	908-782-5800	R	84*	0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED
Material		Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)(100 percent NaOH)	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
Other industrial inorganic chemicals		(X)	30.8
Bauxite	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
Parts and attachments for machinery and equipment		(X)	(D)
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies		(X)	30.5
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk		(X)	1.9

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
ALUMINA	554.6	Aluminum oxide, except natural alumina	554.6

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	19.3	Manufg.	Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	33.8	Manufg.
Compensation of employees	17.9		Nonferrous metal foundries	10.8	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	16.7	Util.	Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	8.0	Manufg.
Carbon & graphite products	4.5	Manufg.	Motor vehicle parts	5.9	Manufg.
Truck transportation	3.5	Util.	Secondary smelting & alloying of aluminum	4.6	Manufg.
Natural gas distribution	2.9	Util.	Metal cans, boxes, & other containers (light gauge)	4.1	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	2.8	Services	Exports of goods & services	2.6	Cap Inv
Wholesale trade	2.1	Trade	Travel trailers & campers	2.1	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	1.4	Mining	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	1.6	Manufg.
Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	1.2	Manufg.	Ornamental & architectural metal products	1.5	Manufg.
Noncomparable imports	1.0	Foreign	Valve & fittings other than plumbing	1.2	Manufg.
Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	0.9	Manufg.	Cutlery, utensils, pots, & pans	1.0	Manufg.
Industrial machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Manufacturing, nec	0.9	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.7	Manufg.	General purpose machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.
Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	0.7	Manufg.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.8	Manufg.
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.7	Manufg.	Wiring devices	0.8	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.6		Custom roll forming	0.7	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.6	Util.	Material handling equipment	0.7	Manufg.
Coal	0.5	Mining	Real estate	0.6	Fin/R.E.
Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.	Forging, stamping, & sintering, nec	0.5	Manufg.
Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	0.5	Manufg.	Wholesale trade	0.5	Trade
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.4	Construct.	Motors & generators	0.5	Manufg.
Paperboard containers	0.4	Manufg.	Motor homes	0.5	Manufg.
Specialized design services	0.3	Services	Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.3	Services	Handtools	0.5	Manufg.
Employment services	0.3	Services	Other S/L govt. enterprises	0.4	S/L Govt
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	0.3	Fin/R.E.	Electronic connectors	0.4	Manufg.
Management, scientific, & technical consulting	0.3	Services	Electronic components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Chemical products & preparations, nec	0.3	Manufg.	General/consumer goods rental, ex. video tape & disc	0.4	Fin/R.E.
Legal services	0.3	Services	Electrical equipment & components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Business support services	0.3	Services	Industrial process variable instruments	0.4	Manufg.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.3	Services	Motorcycles, bicycles, & parts	0.4	Manufg.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.2	Services	Industrial machinery, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Alkalies & chlorine	0.2	Manufg.	Aircraft parts & auxiliary equipment, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Basic inorganic chemicals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	General Federal government services, defense	0.3	Fed Govt
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.2	Services	Blinds & shades	0.3	Manufg.
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services	Crowns & closures & metal stamping	0.3	Manufg.
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.	Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.
Plastics packaging materials, film & sheet	0.2	Manufg.	Arms, ordnance, & accessories	0.3	Manufg.
Petroleum refineries	0.2	Manufg.	Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	0.3	Manufg.
Advertising & related services	0.2	Services	Household cooking appliances	0.3	Manufg.
Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	Video tape & disc rental	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Support services, nec	0.2	Services	Broadcast & wireless communications equipment	0.3	Manufg.
Motor vehicle parts	0.1	Manufg.	Transportation equipment, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Warehousing & storage	0.1	Util.	Household laundry equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.1	Services	Air purification & ventilation equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Investigation & security services	0.1	Services	Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers	0.2	Manufg.
Relay & industrial controls	0.1	Manufg.	Guided missiles & space vehicles	0.2	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.1	Manufg.	Pumps & pumping equipment	0.2	Manufg.

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION - Continued
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C., January 2008. User should note that this Input-Output table is not for this particular narrowly defined industry but for a larger aggregate. Input and Output data for Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production include Input and Output data for the Annual Survey of Manufactures’ NAICS industries 33131A and 331312. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.1	Fin/R.E.	Bare printed circuit boards	0.2	Manufg.
Scrap	0.1	Scrap	Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.
			Search, detection, & navigation instruments	0.2	Manufg.
			Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
			Household refrigerators & home freezers	0.2	Manufg.
			Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
			Hardware	0.2	Manufg.
			Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.2	Services
			Sporting & athletic goods	0.2	Manufg.
			Packaging machinery	0.2	Manufg.
			Internet publishing & broadcasting	0.2	Services
			Services to buildings & dwellings	0.2	Services
			Custom architectural woodwork & millwork	0.2	Manufg.
			Metal & other household furniture	0.2	Manufg.
			Aircraft	0.1	Manufg.
			Communications equipment, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			Commercial & service industry machinery, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			AC, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment	0.1	Manufg.
			Internet service providers & web search portals	0.1	Services
			Magnetic & optical recording media	0.1	Manufg.
			Watches, clocks, & related devices	0.1	Manufg.
			Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers	0.1	Manufg.
			Telephone apparatus	0.1	Manufg.
			Sound recording industries	0.1	Services
			Plate work & fabricated structural products	0.1	Manufg.
			Analytical laboratory instruments	0.1	Manufg.
			Lighting fixtures	0.1	Manufg.
			Tobacco products	0.1	Manufg.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY ALUMINA & ALUMINUM PRODUCTION & PROCESSING
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Metal-refining furnace operators & tenders	5.4	-23.4	Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.2	-37.4
Cutting, punching, & press machine operators	5.2	-37.4	Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	2.1	-37.4
Extruding & drawing machine operators & tenders	4.6	-30.4	Electricians	2.0	-27.8
Industrial machinery mechanics	4.3	-20.0	Machinists	1.4	-26.9
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.2	-30.4	Packaging & filling machine operators & tenders	1.4	-37.4
Team assemblers	4.0	-30.4	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.3	-33.0
Rolling machine operators & tenders	3.6	-30.4	Plating & coating machine operators & tenders	1.2	-27.4
Maintenance & repair workers, general	3.2	-30.4	Heat treating equipment operators & tenders	1.1	-30.4
Multiple machine tool operators & tenders	3.1	-23.4	Molding, coremaking, & casting machine operators	1.1	-37.4
Helpers--Production workers	2.9	-30.4	First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics	1.1	-30.4
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	2.7	-34.4	Tool & die makers	1.0	-26.9
Packers & packagers, hand	2.7	-44.3	Metal workers & plastic workers, nec	1.0	-44.3
Pourers & casters, metal	2.5	-24.2

INDUSTRY DATA BY STATE
State-level data are not available.

NAICS 331311 - Alumina Refining

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NAICS 331311 - Alumina Refining

GENERAL STATISTICS
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: 1997 and 2002 Economic Census; other years, up to 2006, are from Annual Survey of Manufactures. Establishment counts for non-Census years are from County Business Patterns; 1997 and 2002 values are from the 1997 and 2002 censuses, respectively. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1997	6	7	7	3.2	2.4	5.2	155.9	20.22	832.8	351.4	1,257.2	97.0
1998		9	7	3.0	2.3	5.0	140.7	19.59	957.6	356.4	1,313.4	93.4
1999		10	5	2.9	2.1	4.5	132.9	20.25	898.5	265.7	1,179.2	98.6
2000		12	5	3.0	2.2	4.5	142.4	21.91	877.6	250.7	1,124.7	306.6
2001		11	5	3.0	2.2	4.6	156.9	22.88	560.7	304.8	865.7	115.9
2002	7	9	6	1.5	1.1	2.6	88.2	23.06	392.4	435.8	822.5	13.6
2003		9	6	1.6	1.1	2.7	87.9	20.33	674.3	140.4	809.4	20.1
2004		10	7	1.5	1.1	2.3	85.1	22.59	577.9	365.0	950.7	20.1
2005		13	9	1.7	1.2	2.7	101.2	23.56	768.9	488.5	1,242.5	22.1
2006		12P	7P	1.4	1.0	2.3	91.7	25.16	738.5	533.3	1,269.5	19.9
2007		12P	7P	1.0P	0.7P	1.6P	74.1P	24.60P	581.5P	419.9P	999.6P
2008		13P	8P	0.8P	0.5P	1.3P	66.1P	25.08P	572.6P	413.5P	984.3P
2009		13P	8P	0.6P	0.3P	0.9P	58.0P	25.56P	563.7P	407.1P	969.1P
2010		13P	8P	0.3P	0.1P	0.5P	50.0P	26.04P	554.9P	400.7P	953.8P

INDICES OF CHANGE
Year	Companies	Establishments		Employment			Compensation		Production ($ million)
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Production		Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
		Total	with 20 or more employees	Total (000)	Workers (000)	Hours (Mil)	Payroll ($ mil)	Wages ($/hr)	Cost of Materials	Value Added by Manufacture	Value of Shipments	Capital Invest.
Source: Same as General Statistics. Values reflect change from the base year, 2002. Values above 100 mean greater than 2002, values below 100 mean less than 2002, and the values of 100 in other years means the same as 2002. ‘P’s show projections by the editors.
1997	86	78	117	213	218	200	177	88	212	81	153	713
1998		100	117	200	209	192	160	85	244	82	160	687
1999		111	83	193	191	173	151	88	229	61	143	725
2000		133	83	200	200	173	161	95	224	58	137	2,254
2001		122	83	200	200	177	178	99	143	70	105	852
2002	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2003		100	100	107	100	104	100	88	172	32	98	148
2004		111	117	100	100	88	96	98	147	84	116	148
2005		144	150	113	109	104	115	102	196	112	151	163
2006		131P	120P	93	91	88	104	109	188	122	154	146
2007		136P	123P	67P	64P	62P	84P	107P	148P	96P	122P
2008		140P	127P	53P	45P	50P	75P	109P	146P	95P	120P
2009		143P	130P	40P	27P	35P	66P	111P	144P	93P	118P
2010		148P	133P	20P	9P	19P	57P	113P	141P	92P	116P

SELECTED RATIOS
For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index	For 2002	Avg. of All Manufact.	Analyzed Industry	Index
Source: Same as General Statistics. The ‘Average of All Manufacturing’ column represents the average of all manufacturing industries reported for the most recent complete year available. The Index shows the relationship between the Average and the Analyzed Industry. For example, 100 means that they are equal; 500 that the Analyzed Industry is five times the average; 50 means that the Analyzed Industry is half the national average. The abbreviation ‘na’ is used to show that data are ‘not available’. Ratios shown for 2002, the last complete census year.
Employees per Establishment	42	167	397	Value Added per Production Worker	182,367	396,182	217
Payroll per Establishment	1,639,184	9,800,000	598	Cost per Establishment	5,769,015	43,600,000	756
Payroll per Employee	39,053	58,800	151	Cost per Employee	137,446	261,600	190
Production Workers per Establishment	30	122	414	Cost per Production Worker	195,506	356,727	182
Wages per Establishment	694,845	6,661,778	959	Shipments per Establishment	11,158,348	91,388,889	819
Wages per Production Worker	23,548	54,505	231	Shipments per Employee	265,847	548,333	206
Hours per Production Worker	1,980	2,364	119	Shipments per Production Worker	378,144	747,727	198
Wages per Hour	11.89	23.06	194	Investment per Establishment	361,338	1,511,111	418
Value Added per Establishment	5,381,325	48,422,222	900	Investment per Employee	8,609	9,067	105
Value Added per Employee	128,210	290,533	227	Investment per Production Worker	12,245	12,364	101

LEADING COMPANIES Number shown: 75 Total sales ($ mil): 228,095 Total employment (000): 338.5
Company Name	Address				CEO Name	Phone	Co. Type	Sales ($ mil)	Empl. (000)
Source: Ward's Business Directory of U.S. Private and Public Companies, Volumes 1 and 2, 2008. The company type code used is as follows: P - Public, R - Private, S - Subsidiary, D - Division, J - Joint Venture, A - Affiliate, G - Group. Sales are in millions of dollars, employees are in thousands. An asterisk (*) indicates an estimated sales volume. The symbol < stands for ‘less than’. Company names and addresses are truncated, in some cases, to fit into the available space.
Dow Chemical	2030 Dow Ctr.	Midland	MI	48674		989-636-1000	P	53,513	45.9
E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.	1007 Market St.	Wilmington	DE	19898		302-774-1000	P	29,378	60.0
Eli Lilly and Co.	Lilly Corporate Ctr	Indianapolis	IN	46285		317-276-2000	P	18,634	40.6
Freeport-McMoRan Copper/Gold	PO Box 51777	New Orleans	LA	70151	Richard C. Adkerson	504-582-4000	P	16,939	25.4
Equistar Chemicals L.P.	PO Box 2583	Houston	TX	77252	Dan F. Smith	713-652-7200	S	11,686	3.2
Air Products & Chemicals	7201 Hamilton Blvd.	Allentown	PA	18195		610-481-4911	P	10,038	22.1
Honeywell Int'l Specialty Mat.	101 Columbia Rd.	Morristown	NJ	07962	Nance K. Dicciani	973-455-2000	R	8,309*	10.0
Union Tank Car Co.	175 W Jackson Blvd.	Chicago	IL	60604	Kenneth Fischl	312-431-3111	R	7,000*	0.2
Eastman Chemical Co.	PO Box 431	Kingsport	TN	37662	J. Brian Ferguson	423-229-2000	P	6,830	10.8
Ashland Specialty Chemical Co.	PO Box 2219	Columbus	OH	43216	James O'Brien	614-790-3333	S	6,424*	7.1
Nalco Holding Co.	1601 W Diehl Rd.	Naperville	IL	60563		630-305-1000	P	3,913	11.6
Trelleborg Emerson and Cuming	290 Forbes Blvd.	Mansfield	MA	02048	Steven Barner	774-719-1400	R	3,720*	<0.1
Cytec Industries Inc.	5 Garret Mtn. Plz.	West Paterson	NJ	07424		973-357-3100	P	3,504	6.8
Solvay Chemical Inc.	PO Box 27328	Houston	TX	77227	Richard Hogan	713-525-6500	S	3,298	8.7
Georgia Gulf Corp.	115 Perimeter Ctr.	Atlanta	GA	30346	Paul Carrico	770-395-4500	P	3,157	5.2
W.R. Grace and Co.	7500 Grace Dr.	Columbia	MD	21044		410-531-4000	P	3,115	6.5
Cabot Corp.	2 Seaport Ln., 1300	Boston	MA	02210		617-345-0100	P	2,616	4.3
J.M. Huber Corp.	333 Thornall St.	Edison	NJ	08837	Peter T. Francis	732-549-8600	R	2,300*	5.0
Helena Chemical Co.	225 Schilling Blvd.	Collierville	TN	38017	Mike Carty	901-761-0050	R	2,291*	0.2
Synsil Products Inc.	405 Lexington Ave.	New York	NY	10174	Paul R. Saueracker	212-878-1800	S	2,043*	2.5
USEC Inc.	6903 Rockledge Dr.	Bethesda	MD	20817		301-564-3200	P	1,928	2.9
Helmerich and Payne Inc.	1437 S Boulder Ave.	Tulsa	OK	74119	Hans Helmerich	918-742-5531	P	1,629	4.3
ICC Industries Inc.	460 Park Ave.	New York	NY	10022	John J. Farber	212-521-1700	R	1,629*	3.0
Solvay America Inc.	3333 Richmond	Houston	TX	77098	David G. Birney	713-525-6000	S	1,611*	4.0
Dover Chemical Corp.	PO Box 40	Dover	OH	44622	Dwain Colvin	330-343-7711	R	1,600*	0.2
Koppers Inc.	436 7th Ave.	Pittsburgh	PA	15219	Robert Cizik	412-227-2001	R	1,160	2.0
Imerys USA Inc.	100 Mansell Ct. E	Roswell	GA	30076	Gerard Buffiere	770-594-0660	R	1,159*	0.1
Minerals Technologies Inc.	405 Lexington Ave.	New York	NY	10174	John Curcio	212-878-1800	P	1,078	2.7
Virginia Kik Inc.	PO Box 660	Salem	VA	24153	David Cynamon	540-389-5401	R	1,060*	<0.1
Beaumont Ammonia Inc.	600 4th Street	Sioux City	IA	51101	Michael L. Bennett	712-277-1340	S	990*	1.2
Erachem Comilog Inc.	610 Pittman Rd.	Baltimore	MD	21226	Alain Pradoura	410-789-8800	R	988*	0.2
Tetra Technologies Inc.	25025 Interst 45 N	The Woodlands	TX	77380		281-367-1983	P	982	2.9
Lonza Inc.	90 Boroline Rd	Allendale	NJ	07401	Stephen Kutzer	201-316-9200	S	978*	5.7
Kemira Chemicals Inc.	1950 Vaughn NW	Kennesaw	GA	30144		770-436-1542	R	978*	<0.1
General Chemical Corp.	90 E Halsey Rd.	Parsippany	NJ	07054	Richard Russell	973-515-0900	S	690*	4.5
OM Group Inc.	127 Public Square	Cleveland	OH	44114		216-781-0083	P	660	1.2
Arizona Chemical Company Inc.	PO Box 550850	Jacksonville	FL	32255	Gerald C. Marterer	904-928-8700	S	586*	1.4
Innophos Holdings Inc.	259 Prospect Plains	Cranbury	NJ	08512	Randy Gress	609-495-2495	P	579	1.0
Dakota Gasification Co.	PO Box 1149	Beulah	ND	58523		701-873-2100	R	509*	0.6
Rockwood Specialties Group	100 Overlook Ctr.	Princeton	NJ	08540	Stephen Ainscough	609-514-0300	S	508*	10.0
Champion Technologies Inc.	PO Box 27727	Houston	TX	77227	Thomas Amonett	713-627-3303	R	500*	0.1
LSB Industries Inc.	16 S Penn. Avenue	Oklahoma City	OK	73107	Jack E. Golsen	405-235-4546	P	492	1.6
EMD Chemicals Inc.	480 S Democrat Rd.	Gibbstown	NJ	08027	Meiken Krebs	856-423-6300	R	482*	0.2
Diagnostic Products Corp.	5210 Pac Concourse	Los Angeles	CA	90045	Sidney A. Aroesty	310-645-8200	S	481	2.6
Phibro Animal Health Corp.	65 Challenger Rd.	Ridgefield Park	NJ	07660	Gerald Carlson	201-329-7300	R	364*	<0.1
ATMI Inc.	7 Commerce Dr.	Danbury	CT	06810	Eugene Banucci	203-794-1100	P	364	0.8
Manufacturers Soap & Chemicals	PO Box 2788	Cleveland	TN	37320	Ronald H. Braam	423-476-6666	S	362*	0.4
Calgon Carbon Corp.	PO Box 717	Pittsburgh	PA	15230		412-787-6700	P	316	0.8
Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co.	PO Box 355	Milwaukee	WI	53201	Rod Kelley	414-273-3850	S	312*	0.5
Scholle Corp.	19540 Jamboree Rd.	Irvine	CA	92612		949-955-1750	R	300*	<0.1
OMG Americas Inc.	811 Sharon Dr.	Westlake	OH	44145		440-899-2950	S	289*	0.2
M and M Chemical and Equipment	1229 Valley Dr.	Attalla	AL	35954	Gary Pechota	256-538-3800	R	289*	<0.1
Pressure Vessel Service Inc.	10900 Harper Ave.	Detroit	MI	48213		313-921-1200	R	271*	<0.1
Metalor USA Refining Corp.	PO Box 255	North Attleboro	MA	02761		508-699-8800	R	243*	0.2
Wacker Silicones Corp.	3301 Sutton Rd.	Adrian	MI	49221	Matthias Wolfgruber	517-264-8500	S	222*	0.5
General Atomics	PO Box 85608	San Diego	CA	92186	James Blue	858-455-3000	R	219*	1.0
Clariant LSM (Florida) Inc.	PO Box 1466	Gainesville	FL	32602	Roland Lvsser	352-376-8246	S	216*	0.2
International Sulphur Inc.	PO Box 611	Mount Pleasant	TX	75456	Jerry Jenett	903-577-5500	R	191*	0.3
American Pacific Corp.	3770 H Hughes	Las Vegas	NV	89109	Joseph Carleone	702-735-2200	P	184	0.5
Cormetech Inc.	5000 International	Durham	NC	27712	Steve Suttle	919-620-3000	J	178*	0.3
NL Industries Inc.	5430 LBJ Fwy.	Dallas	TX	75240		972-233-1700	P	178	1.0
TETRA Thermal Inc.	25025 I-45 N, 600	The Woodlands	TX	77380	Albert Smith	281-367-1983	S	175*	0.2
NORIT Americas Inc.	PO Box 790	Marshall	TX	75671	Maarten Knuttel	903-923-1000	R	169*	0.2
DSM Desotech Inc.	1122 St Charles St	Elgin	IL	60120	Steve Hartig	847-697-0400	R	146*	0.2
Indspec Chemical Corp.	411 7th Ave., 300	Pittsburgh	PA	15219	Lawrence Sewell	412-765-1200	S	142*	0.4
Americhem Inc.	225 Broadway St. E	Cuyahoga Falls	OH	44221		330-929-4213	R	121*	0.1
Alltech Inc.	3031 Catnip Hill Rd	Nicholasville	KY	40356		859-885-9613	R	121*	0.2
Hammond Group Inc.	PO Box 6408	Hammond	IN	46325	Peter Wilke	219-931-9360	R	114*	<0.1
Angstrom Sciences Inc.	40 S Linden St.	Duquesne	PA	15110	Mark Bernick	412-469-8466	R	102*	<0.1
Nuclear Fuel Services Inc.	1205 Banner Hill Rd	Erwin	TN	37650	Dwight Ferguson	423-743-9141	R	102*	0.3
ESA Biosciences Inc.	22 Alpha Rd.	Chelmsford	MA	01824	Walter Giusto	978-250-7000	R	90*	<0.1
Big River Zinc Corp.	2401 Mississippi	E Saint Louis	IL	62201	George Obeldobel	618-274-5000	R	89*	0.3
Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals	300 Park Ave.	New York	NY	10022	Ian Cook		S	88*	0.3
Penn United Technology Inc.	PO Box 399	Saxonburg	PA	16056	Carl Jones	724-352-1507	R	88*	0.7
Magnesium Elektron Inc.	500 Point Breeze Rd	Flemington	NJ	08822	Alan Foster	908-782-5800	R	84*	0.1

MATERIALS CONSUMED
Material		Quantity	Delivered Cost ($ million)
Source: 2002 Economic Census. Explanation of symbols used: (D): Withheld to avoid disclosure of competitive data; na: Not available; (S): Withheld because statistical norms were not met; (X): Not applicable; (Z): Less than half the unit shown; nec: Not elsewhere classified; nsk: Not specified by kind; - : zero; p : 10-19 percent estimated; q : 20-29 percent estimated.
Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)(100 percent NaOH)	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
Other industrial inorganic chemicals		(X)	30.8
Bauxite	1,000 s tons	(D)	(D)
Parts and attachments for machinery and equipment		(X)	(D)
All other materials, components, parts, containers, and supplies		(X)	30.5
Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, nsk		(X)	1.9

PRODUCT SHARE DETAILS
Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $	Product or Product Class Shipments	Mil. $
Source: 2002 Economic Census. The values are product shipments in millions of dollars for 2002. Total product shipments may be lower or higher than industry shipments. See Introduction for a full discussion. Values of indented subcategories are summed in the main heading(s). The symbol (D) appears when data are withheld to prevent disclosure of competitive information. The abbreviation nsk stands for ‘not specified by kind’ and nec for ‘not elsewhere classified’. A dash (-) means zero.
ALUMINA	554.6	Aluminum oxide, except natural alumina	554.6

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	19.3	Manufg.	Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	33.8	Manufg.
Compensation of employees	17.9		Nonferrous metal foundries	10.8	Manufg.
Power generation & supply	16.7	Util.	Alumina refining & primary aluminum production	8.0	Manufg.
Carbon & graphite products	4.5	Manufg.	Motor vehicle parts	5.9	Manufg.
Truck transportation	3.5	Util.	Secondary smelting & alloying of aluminum	4.6	Manufg.
Natural gas distribution	2.9	Util.	Metal cans, boxes, & other containers (light gauge)	4.1	Manufg.
Management of companies & enterprises	2.8	Services	Exports of goods & services	2.6	Cap Inv
Wholesale trade	2.1	Trade	Travel trailers & campers	2.1	Manufg.
Gold, silver, & other metal ore	1.4	Mining	Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	1.6	Manufg.
Primary nonferrous metal, ex. copper & aluminum	1.2	Manufg.	Ornamental & architectural metal products	1.5	Manufg.
Noncomparable imports	1.0	Foreign	Valve & fittings other than plumbing	1.2	Manufg.
Aluminum products from purchased aluminum	0.9	Manufg.	Cutlery, utensils, pots, & pans	1.0	Manufg.
Industrial machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.	Manufacturing, nec	0.9	Manufg.
Semiconductors & related devices	0.7	Manufg.	General purpose machinery, nec	0.8	Manufg.
Iron & steel mills & ferroalloys	0.7	Manufg.	Light truck & utility vehicles	0.8	Manufg.
Printed circuit assemblies (electronic assembiles)	0.7	Manufg.	Wiring devices	0.8	Manufg.
Taxes on production & imports, less subsidies	0.6		Custom roll forming	0.7	Manufg.
Rail transportation	0.6	Util.	Material handling equipment	0.7	Manufg.
Coal	0.5	Mining	Real estate	0.6	Fin/R.E.
Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.	Forging, stamping, & sintering, nec	0.5	Manufg.
Coating, engraving, heat treating & allied activities	0.5	Manufg.	Wholesale trade	0.5	Trade
Maintenance/repair of nonresidential structures	0.4	Construct.	Motors & generators	0.5	Manufg.
Paperboard containers	0.4	Manufg.	Motor homes	0.5	Manufg.
Specialized design services	0.3	Services	Machine shops	0.5	Manufg.
Services to buildings & dwellings	0.3	Services	Handtools	0.5	Manufg.
Employment services	0.3	Services	Other S/L govt. enterprises	0.4	S/L Govt
Securities, commodity contracts, investments	0.3	Fin/R.E.	Electronic connectors	0.4	Manufg.
Management, scientific, & technical consulting	0.3	Services	Electronic components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Chemical products & preparations, nec	0.3	Manufg.	General/consumer goods rental, ex. video tape & disc	0.4	Fin/R.E.
Legal services	0.3	Services	Electrical equipment & components, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Business support services	0.3	Services	Industrial process variable instruments	0.4	Manufg.
Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.3	Services	Motorcycles, bicycles, & parts	0.4	Manufg.
Automotive repair & maintenance, ex. car washes	0.2	Services	Industrial machinery, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Alkalies & chlorine	0.2	Manufg.	Aircraft parts & auxiliary equipment, nec	0.4	Manufg.
Basic inorganic chemicals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	General Federal government services, defense	0.3	Fed Govt
Commercial & industrial equipment repair/maintenance	0.2	Services	Blinds & shades	0.3	Manufg.
Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services	Crowns & closures & metal stamping	0.3	Manufg.
Automotive equipment rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.	Semiconductors & related devices	0.3	Manufg.
Plastics packaging materials, film & sheet	0.2	Manufg.	Arms, ordnance, & accessories	0.3	Manufg.
Petroleum refineries	0.2	Manufg.	Nonferrous metal (ex. copper & aluminum) processing	0.3	Manufg.
Advertising & related services	0.2	Services	Household cooking appliances	0.3	Manufg.
Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.	Video tape & disc rental	0.3	Fin/R.E.
Support services, nec	0.2	Services	Broadcast & wireless communications equipment	0.3	Manufg.
Motor vehicle parts	0.1	Manufg.	Transportation equipment, nec	0.2	Manufg.
Warehousing & storage	0.1	Util.	Household laundry equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, & payroll	0.1	Services	Air purification & ventilation equipment	0.2	Manufg.
Investigation & security services	0.1	Services	Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers	0.2	Manufg.
Relay & industrial controls	0.1	Manufg.	Guided missiles & space vehicles	0.2	Manufg.
Paperboard mills	0.1	Manufg.	Pumps & pumping equipment	0.2	Manufg.

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS FOR ALUMINA REFINING AND PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION - Continued
Economic Sector or Industry Providing Inputs	%	Sector	Economic Sector or Industry Buying Outputs	%	Sector
Source: Benchmark Input-Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2002, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington D.C., January 2008. User should note that this Input-Output table is not for this particular narrowly defined industry but for a larger aggregate. Input and Output data for Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production include Input and Output data for the Annual Survey of Manufactures’ NAICS industries 33131A and 331312. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’
Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.1	Fin/R.E.	Bare printed circuit boards	0.2	Manufg.
Scrap	0.1	Scrap	Commercial & industrial machinery rental & leasing	0.2	Fin/R.E.
			Search, detection, & navigation instruments	0.2	Manufg.
			Waste management & remediation services	0.2	Services
			Household refrigerators & home freezers	0.2	Manufg.
			Fabricated metals, nec	0.2	Manufg.
			Hardware	0.2	Manufg.
			Architectural, engineering, & related services	0.2	Services
			Sporting & athletic goods	0.2	Manufg.
			Packaging machinery	0.2	Manufg.
			Internet publishing & broadcasting	0.2	Services
			Services to buildings & dwellings	0.2	Services
			Custom architectural woodwork & millwork	0.2	Manufg.
			Metal & other household furniture	0.2	Manufg.
			Aircraft	0.1	Manufg.
			Communications equipment, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			Commercial & service industry machinery, nec	0.1	Manufg.
			AC, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment	0.1	Manufg.
			Internet service providers & web search portals	0.1	Services
			Magnetic & optical recording media	0.1	Manufg.
			Watches, clocks, & related devices	0.1	Manufg.
			Showcases, partitions, shelving, and lockers	0.1	Manufg.
			Telephone apparatus	0.1	Manufg.
			Sound recording industries	0.1	Services
			Plate work & fabricated structural products	0.1	Manufg.
			Analytical laboratory instruments	0.1	Manufg.
			Lighting fixtures	0.1	Manufg.
			Tobacco products	0.1	Manufg.

OCCUPATIONS EMPLOYED BY ALUMINA & ALUMINUM PRODUCTION & PROCESSING
Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016	Occupation	% of Total 2006	Change to 2016
Source: Industry-Occupation Matrix, Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 4, 2007. These data are reported based on 4-digit NAICS categories but have been matched to corresponding 6-digit NAICS industry codes. The change reported for each occupation to the year 2016 is a percent of growth or decline as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The abbreviation nec stands for ‘not elsewhere classified’.
Metal-refining furnace operators & tenders	5.4	-23.4	Industrial truck & tractor operators	2.2	-37.4
Cutting, punching, & press machine operators	5.2	-37.4	Laborers & freight, stock, & material movers, hand	2.1	-37.4
Extruding & drawing machine operators & tenders	4.6	-30.4	Electricians	2.0	-27.8
Industrial machinery mechanics	4.3	-20.0	Machinists	1.4	-26.9
First-line supervisors/managers of production workers	4.2	-30.4	Packaging & filling machine operators & tenders	1.4	-37.4
Team assemblers	4.0	-30.4	Shipping, receiving, & traffic clerks	1.3	-33.0
Rolling machine operators & tenders	3.6	-30.4	Plating & coating machine operators & tenders	1.2	-27.4
Maintenance & repair workers, general	3.2	-30.4	Heat treating equipment operators & tenders	1.1	-30.4
Multiple machine tool operators & tenders	3.1	-23.4	Molding, coremaking, & casting machine operators	1.1	-37.4
Helpers--Production workers	2.9	-30.4	First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics	1.1	-30.4
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, & weighers	2.7	-34.4	Tool & die makers	1.0	-26.9
Packers & packagers, hand	2.7	-44.3	Metal workers & plastic workers, nec	1.0	-44.3
Pourers & casters, metal	2.5	-24.2