2001 Newark, New Jersey (EWR)

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2001 NEWARK, NEW JERSEY (EWR)

Terrain in vicinity of the station is flat and rather marshy. To the northwest are ridges oriented roughly in a south–southwest to north–northeast direction. They rise to an elevation of about 200 feet at 4.5 to 5 miles and to 500 to 600 feet at 7 to 8 miles. All winds between west–northwest and north–northwest are downslope and therefore are subject to some adiabatic temperature increase. This effect is evident in the rapid improvement which normally occurs with shift of wind to westerly, following a coastal storm or frontal passage. The drying effect of the downslope winds accounts for the relatively few local thunderstorms occurring at the station, compared to areas to the west. Easterly winds, particularly southeasterly, moderate the temperature because of the influence of the Atlantic Ocean.

Temperature falls of 5 to 15 degrees, depending on the season, are not uncommon when the wind backs from southwesterly to southeasterly. Periods of very hot weather, lasting as long as a week, are associated with a west–southwest air flow which has a long trajectory over land. Extremes of cold are related to rapidly moving outbreaks of cold air traveling southeastward from the Hudson Bay region. Temperatures of zero or below occur in one winter out of four, but are much more common several miles to the west of the station. Average dates of the last occurrence in spring and the first occurrence in autumn of temperatures as low as 32 degrees are in mid–April and the end of October or early November. Areas to the west of the station experience a growing season at least a month shorter than that at the airport.

A considerable amount of precipitation is realized from the Northeasters of the Atlantic coast. These storms, more typical of the fall and winter, generally last for a period of two days and commonly produce between 1 and 2 inches of precipitation. Storms producing 4 inches or more of snow occur from two to five times a winter. Snowstorms producing 8 inches or more have occurred in about one–half the winters. As many as three such storms have been experienced in one winter. The frequency and intensity of snow storms and the duration of snow cover increase dramatically within a few miles to the west of the station.

NORMALS, MEANS, AND EXTREMES

NEWARK, NJ (EWR)

LATITUDE:    LONGITUDE:    ELEVATION (FT):    TIME ZONE:    WBAN: 14734

40 42′ 57″ N  74 10′ 10″ W  GRND: 25 BARO: 28  EASTERN (UTC + 5)

ELEMENTPORJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECYEAR
TEMPERATURE FNORMAL DAILY MAXIMUM3037.740.550.861.972.482.387.085.477.666.755.442.963.4
MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM6638.641.149.961.372.081.084.784.176.766.254.342.862.7
HIGHEST DAILY MAXIMUM607476899499102105105105928576105
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE195019491945199019961994199320011953194919501998AUG 2001
MEAN OF EXTREME MAXS.6658.460.071.782.889.995.296.295.191.182.272.161.979.7
NORMAL DAILY MINIMUM3023.425.433.442.753.262.868.667.459.948.239.229.146.1
MEAN DAILY MINIMUM6624.325.833.242.752.862.367.066.658.847.938.728.745.7
LOWEST DAILY MINIMUM60–8–761633435245352815–1–8
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE198519431943198219471945195219821947196919551980JAN 1985
MEAN OF EXTREME MINS.667.79.518.230.841.051.458.056.344.934.524.913.032.5
NORMAL DRY BULB3030.633.042.152.362.872.677.876.468.857.547.336.054.8
MEAN DRY BULB6631.533.541.652.062.471.775.975.467.857.146.535.754.3
MEAN WET BULB1829.430.637.045.855.964.565.068.161.751.542.233.448.8
MEAN DEW POINT1821.822.128.037.349.058.660.563.556.845.435.225.642.0
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
MAXIMUM 90300.00.00.00.21.54.88.76.31.60.00.00.023.1
MAXIMUM 32309.25.70.90.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.14.520.4
MINIMUM 323023.821.112.61.50.00.00.00.00.00.65.819.985.3
MINIMUM 0300.50.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.8
H/CNORMAL HEATING DEG. DAYS301066896710381127000262525318994888
NORMAL COOLING DEG. DAYS3000005923239735314020001201
RHNORMAL (PERCENT)3065636058626363666866666764
HOUR 01 LST3070686665717273757775727171
HOUR 07 LST3073726966707072757878767473
HOUR 13 LST3058555047505151535452565853
HOUR 19 LST3063605654585858626463646460
SPERCENT POSSIBLE SUNSHINE
W/OMEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
HEAVY FOG(VISBY 1/4 MI)612.11.71.41.11.61.10.40.50.81.91.71.716.0
THUNDERSTORMS610.30.31.11.63.64.95.84.52.41.10.50.226.3
CLOUDINESSMEAN:
SUNRISE-SUNSET (OKTAS)505.25.05.05.15.25.04.94.74.54.35.05.14.9
MIDNIGHT-MIDNIGHT (OKTAS)514.84.74.94.85.04.94.74.54.44.24.94.94.7
MEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
CLEAR547.77.38.07.26.36.76.57.79.510.87.57.993.1
PARTLY CLOUDY547.77.68.48.910.610.912.211.78.98.48.28.0111.5
CLOUDY5415.713.414.614.014.112.412.311.611.611.814.315.1160.9
PRMEAN STATION PRESSURE(IN)2830.0130.0230.0029.9029.9929.9130.0030.0030.0030.1030.0930.0930.01
MEAN SEA-LEVEL PRES. (IN)1830.0830.0830.0229.9729.9929.9630.0030.0230.0630.1030.0930.0930.04
WINDSMEAN SPEED (MPH)4811.011.311.911.310.09.69.08.89.19.510.210.610.2
PREVAIL. DIR (TENS OF DEGS)3130313132232323232323232523
MAXIMUM 2-MINUTE:
SPEED (MPH)544444537433447404434404848
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)28273001303031330332332727
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199919971997199719971998199719971999199919972000DEC 2000
MAXIMUM 5-SECOND:
SPEED (MPH)554565948515859535547536262
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)28283033323232303532162727
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE200019971997199919972000199719971998199919992000DEC 2000
PRECIPITATIONNORMAL (IN)303.393.043.873.844.133.224.503.913.663.053.913.4543.97
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)6010.104.9411.1411.1410.226.409.9811.8410.288.2011.539.4711.84
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE197919791983198319841975198819551944194319771983AUG 1955
MINIMUM MONTHLY (IN)600.451.221.100.900.520.070.890.360.950.210.510.270.07
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE198119681981196319641949196619951951196319761955JUN 1949
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)483.592.452.833.734.222.974.647.846.414.047.222.777.84
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE197919611991198419791992199719711999199619771983AUG 1971
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
PRECIPITATION 0.013010.89.711.311.111.810.39.89.28.17.810.510.9121.3
PRECIPITATION 1.00300.70.71.01.00.90.91.21.01.00.90.80.810.9
SNOWFALLNORMAL (IN)308.99.23.70.7T0.00.00.00.0T0.63.927.0
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)6031.633.426.013.8TT0.00.0T0.35.729.133.4
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE1996199419561982199520011998195219891947FEB 1994
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)6027.420.017.612.8TT0.00.0T0.35.726.027.4
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE1996196119561982199520011998195219891947JAN 1996
MAXIMUM SNOW DEPTH (IN)151725181100000092225
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE197819611956198219381947FEB 1961
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
SNOWFALL 1.0302.21.91.30.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.21.27.0
PRECIPITATION (inches) 2001 NEWARK, NJ (EWR)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
19722.264.013.093.086.026.024.702.301.034.838.424.1049.86
19733.653.393.635.773.564.033.633.363.393.351.297.2446.29
19742.841.444.112.373.493.601.317.175.761.850.804.0238.76
19753.992.562.942.293.276.408.024.369.003.243.672.9152.65
19765.042.522.332.504.121.543.912.982.505.070.512.1735.19
19771.552.775.673.161.313.891.514.293.993.5311.534.7747.97
19787.762.264.582.607.972.054.997.304.231.642.665.3753.41
197910.104.943.653.667.782.733.394.385.724.583.092.0856.10
19801.661.289.137.282.613.272.780.921.873.373.710.6338.51
19810.454.811.103.153.882.614.510.573.423.471.755.3235.04
19826.772.362.826.202.965.282.862.782.391.683.161.3240.58
19834.373.0311.1411.144.222.811.593.462.935.805.549.4765.50
19842.784.576.966.3610.224.778.651.742.463.932.883.6959.01
19851.222.581.591.174.234.294.522.584.191.298.321.3137.29
19864.443.881.955.881.411.716.624.161.961.936.785.2345.95
19876.211.303.815.062.554.134.665.263.873.372.942.3745.53
19883.744.152.131.975.861.069.981.821.662.457.710.9843.51
19891.982.704.423.258.805.415.237.036.455.402.570.7553.99
19904.721.712.813.986.873.684.987.712.725.112.825.1952.30
19913.721.815.493.914.802.955.215.633.241.292.043.6743.76
19921.271.373.481.353.464.674.793.372.600.735.024.6336.74
19932.752.877.224.591.771.212.152.846.293.981.954.8942.51
19946.094.776.902.983.643.583.575.012.261.044.363.1247.32
19953.293.361.302.243.271.645.980.363.644.775.792.0337.67
19965.242.344.405.632.595.068.272.396.056.922.316.8758.07
19973.502.185.193.083.122.427.052.892.202.024.544.1642.35
19984.934.774.146.176.525.981.343.202.721.810.861.0343.47
19996.873.103.631.904.190.411.015.519.382.902.902.9544.75
20003.391.603.433.575.663.426.304.734.580.542.713.4243.35
20012.571.796.691.712.883.972.291.974.290.460.812.0131.44
POR=70 YRS3.472.894.093.643.883.324.024.053.812.953.503.3142.93
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (F) 2001 NEWARK, NJ (EWR)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
197235.431.340.550.063.068.877.975.969.853.344.839.754.2
197335.533.348.654.260.474.678.779.671.060.348.839.457.0
197435.431.943.456.562.770.177.176.566.653.947.538.955.0
197536.935.139.747.365.871.676.975.164.359.151.735.454.9
197626.839.344.055.261.173.674.974.466.552.639.929.153.1
197720.932.846.853.765.470.378.275.168.054.547.133.353.8
197827.225.538.551.060.571.675.176.766.157.548.838.153.1
197932.523.546.252.064.569.477.076.669.156.551.840.254.9
198034.030.838.952.665.970.278.978.670.855.042.930.454.1
198124.137.640.255.364.074.679.375.167.253.146.034.654.3
198224.236.241.850.663.267.978.472.566.756.948.842.854.2
198335.035.944.752.260.873.579.677.670.657.847.834.255.8
198427.840.836.552.762.275.076.677.365.462.345.340.855.2
198524.933.544.557.067.169.476.375.670.258.549.533.355.0
198633.031.144.253.466.772.776.974.268.658.045.038.155.2
198731.533.045.053.963.974.579.475.368.753.747.638.455.4
198828.734.443.951.163.473.080.579.868.052.648.935.555.0
198937.034.242.452.563.274.377.276.369.959.145.025.654.7
199040.439.844.953.361.173.477.876.668.662.450.042.357.6
199133.638.644.454.868.974.277.977.768.058.347.638.856.9
199235.236.039.350.261.772.676.975.169.655.747.838.854.9
199337.631.040.254.367.075.882.679.269.256.447.837.256.5
199425.430.441.657.463.777.881.975.769.758.752.041.456.3
199537.530.845.552.662.773.179.678.568.661.042.931.755.4
199629.733.638.853.161.672.973.974.068.055.541.940.253.6
199731.139.441.850.959.270.976.873.666.956.543.737.654.0
199840.140.845.253.964.970.177.677.070.457.647.641.957.3
199933.537.842.953.463.374.280.976.269.355.550.139.456.4
200031.537.447.851.464.272.473.773.366.457.045.230.754.3
200132.235.740.053.464.073.974.179.167.457.851.943.656.1
POR=71 YRS31.733.341.351.762.471.675.775.267.856.946.435.754.1

REFERENCE NOTES:

PAGE 1:

THE TEMPERATURE GRAPH SHOWS NORMAL MAXIMUM AND NORMAL MINIMUM DAILY TEMPERATURES (SOLID CURVES) AND THE ACTUAL DAILY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES (VERTICAL BARS).

PAGE 2 AND 3:

H/C INDICATES HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS.

RH INDICATES RELATIVE HUMIDITY

W/O INDICATES WEATHER AND OBSTRUCTIONS

S INDICATES SUNSHINE.

PR INDICATES PRESSURE.

CLOUDINESS ON PAGE 3 IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA NOT TO EXCEED EIGHT EIGHTHS (OKTAS).

GENERAL:

T INDICATES TRACE PRECIPITATION, AN AMOUNT GREATER THAN ZERO BUT LESS THAN THE LOWEST REPORTABLE VALUE.

+ INDICATES THE VALUE ALSO OCCURS ON EARLIER DATES.

BLANK ENTRIES DENOTE MISSING OR UNREPORTED DATA.

NORMALS ARE 30–YEAR AVERAGES (1961–1990).

ASOS INDICATES AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM.

PM INDICATES THE LAST DAY OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH.

POR (PERIOD OF RECORD) BEGINS WITH THE JANUARY DATA MONTH AND IS THE NUMBER OF YEARS USED TO COMPUTE THE MEAN. INDIVIDUAL MONTHS WITHIN THE POR MAY BE MISSING.

WHEN THE POR FOR A NORMAL IS LESS THAN 30 YEARS, THE NORMAL IS PROVISIONAL AND IS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF YEARS INDICATED.

0.* OR * INDICATES THE VALUE OR MEAN–DAYS–WITH IS BETWEEN 0.00 AND 0.05.

CLOUDINESS FOR ASOS STATIONS DIFFERS FROM THE NON–ASOS OBSERVATION TAKEN BY A HUMAN OBSERVER. ASOS STATION CLOUDINESS IS BASED ON TIME–AVERAGED CEILOMETER DATA FOR CLOUDS AT OR BELOW 12,000 FEET AND ON SATELLITE DATA FOR CLOUDS ABOVE 12,000 FEET.

THE NUMBER OF DAYS WITH CLEAR, PARTLY CLOUDY, AND CLOUDY CONDITIONS FOR ASOS STATIONS IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA FOR THE SUNRISE TO SUNSET PERIOD.

GENERAL CONTINUED:

CLEAR INDICATES 0–2 OKTAS, PARTLY CLOUDY INDICATES 3–6 OKTAS, AND CLOUDY INDICATES 7 OR 8 OKTAS. WHEN AT LEAST ONE OF THE ELEMENTS (CEILOMETER OR SATELLITE) IS MISSING, THE DAILY CLOUDINESS IS NOT COMPUTED.

WIND DIRECTION IS RECORDED IN TENS OF DEGREES (2 DIGITS) CLOCKWISE FROM TRUE NORTH. "00" INDICATES CALM. "36" INDICATES TRUE NORTH.

RESULTANT WIND IS THE VECTOR AVERAGE OF THE SPEED AND DIRECTION.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS THE SUM OF THE MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE DIVIDED BY 2.

SNOWFALL DATA COMPRISE ALL FORMS OF FROZEN PRECIPITATION, INCLUDING HAIL.

A HEATING (COOLING) DEGREE DAY IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE AND 65 F.

DRY BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AMBIENT AIR.

DEW POINT IS THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH THE AIR MUST BE COOLED TO ACHIEVE 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

WET BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE THE AIR WOULD HAVE IF THE MOISTURE CONTENT WAS INCREASED TO 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

ON JULY 1, 1996, THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BEGAN USING THE "METAR" OBSERVATION CODE THAT WAS ALREADY EMPLOYED BY MOST OTHER NATIONS OF THE WORLD. THE MOST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE IN THIS ANNUAL PUBLICATION WILL BE THE CHANGE IN UNITS FROM TENTHS TO EIGHTS (OKTAS) FOR REPORTING THE AMOUNT OF SKY COVER.

HEATING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 NEWARK, NJ (EWR)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972–73002235659977690688250433916314548
1973–740018166479787909921661273127124353
1974–7500623415218028648327755248464811
1975–7601591954009131177738645338141174624
1976–7704563817451107136189556335289245577
1977–78005031952797511681099814411190135566
1978–7960662394818301001115557738668114820
1979–80242828939376395398780236662244673
1980–810028314654106612617627642909605235
1981–820052360563934125880271243385425241
1982–830133626749367992381062239516254405
1983–840052249510949114469687436612894977
1984–850083114584745123587764126862154624
1985–8600212124629719859426423418974672
1986–8701122240594826103089361633114034706
1987–8801253425188181117880647410120284906
1988–89101838647690685985369836613264701
1989–900037190594121575669962236912224606
1990–9111501634466979677346303306344086
1991–92005522751380491783479044114844733
1992–9300382955108078429467653184244567
1993–940048263513853121996471824210404924
1994–9500719538772484895259637111204192
1995–9600321636571026109190680936917675236
1996–9700462916857631043714713418179434895
1997–98105129463584276567263332794224336
1998–9900192275167119707546743459224310
1999–0002222904397861031793521399106224411
2000–0100802515861056101081376835310675030
2001–0053241389658
COOLING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 NEWARK, NJ (EWR)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
19720034411424063471753001121
1973000202629643245920528001466
197400028641723813611151301125
1975000011721137532146201001100
197600050302813173051106001099
1977006181111914143211461001208
197800005921732536710515001088
197900025914738137215834301156
198000009718743542720910001365
19810006752934463191240001263
19820006391364212499524120982
1983000193926845839622636001442
198400024731636538810236001256
198500113613415235733518319301230
1986002214924338030313630001245
198700061162934533271430101339
198800007527448846511510001427
198900318129438536019416001334
1990007231126240336516589201327
19910002819028840639915128001490
199200045224237332318515001194
199300051133405534501829401656
199400023743895303381555401518
199500034924746042514744001375
199600021772522822881442201068
19970000622937527811537001040
199800290951823983771884001273
19990002472834993601583001352
200000008925127826512911001023
2001000118428229144213127101269
SNOWFALL (inches) 2001 NEWARK, NJ (EWR)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972–730.00.00.0TTT0.70.60.6T0.00.01.9
1973–740.00.00.00.00.02.16.88.13.10.30.00.020.4
1974–750.00.00.00.0T1.21.412.71.1T0.00.016.4
1975–760.00.00.00.0T2.47.26.14.2T0.00.019.9
1976–770.00.00.00.0T6.710.85.81.7TT0.025.0
1977–780.00.00.00.01.50.227.425.310.5T0.00.064.9
1978–790.00.00.00.02.6T9.426.1TT0.00.038.1
1979–800.00.00.0T0.03.72.51.86.3T0.00.014.3
1980–810.00.00.00.00.43.16.9T9.10.00.00.019.5
1981–820.00.00.00.0T3.412.30.50.813.80.00.030.8
1982–830.00.00.00.0T2.92.321.50.24.10.00.031.0
1983–840.00.00.00.01.22.413.70.311.3T0.00.028.9
1984–850.00.00.00.0T6.88.97.40.1T0.00.023.2
1985–860.00.00.00.00.64.62.813.9T0.10.00.022.0
1986–870.00.00.00.0T2.321.46.52.40.00.00.032.6
1987–880.00.00.00.01.52.315.42.70.9T0.0
1988–890.00.00.00.00.00.14.10.62.70.00.00.07.5
1989–900.00.00.00.05.70.52.42.82.50.60.00.014.5
1990–910.00.00.00.0T7.68.55.20.20.00.00.021.5
1991–920.00.00.00.0T0.51.01.011.4T0.00.013.9
1992–930.00.00.00.0T0.50.810.716.80.00.00.028.8
1993–940.00.00.00.0T3.918.533.48.70.0T0.064.5
1994–950.00.00.00.0TT0.110.2T0.0T0.010.3
1995–960.00.00.00.03.012.831.618.411.90.70.00.078.4
1996–97TT3.44.47.11.40.00.0
1997–980.00.00.00.00.21.42.2T3.1T0.00.06.9
1998–990.00.0T0.00.01.24.12.05.50.00.00.012.8
1999–000.00.00.00.0TT12.25.3T0.90.00.018.4
2000–010.00.00.00.00.014.96.111.17.20.0TT39.3
2001–0.00.00.00.00.00.0
POR=59 YRS0.00.00.00.00.65.37.78.24.80.7T0.027.3

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