2001 New York, Central Park, New York (NYC)

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2001 NEW YORK, CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK (NYC)

New York City, in area exceeding 300 square miles, is located on the Atlantic coastal plain at the mouth of the Hudson River. The terrain is laced with numerous waterways, all but one of the five boroughs in the city are situated on islands. Elevations range from less than 50 feet over most of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens to almost 300 feet in northern Manhattan and the Bronx, and over 400 feet in Staten Island. Extensive suburban areas on Long Island, and in Connecticut, New York State and New Jersey border the city on the east, north, and west. About 30 miles to the west and northwest, hills rise to about 1,500 feet and to the north in upper Westchester County to 800 feet. To the southwest and to the east are the low–lying land areas of the New Jersey coastal plain and of Long Island, bordering on the Atlantic.

The New York Metropolitan area is close to the path of most storm and frontal systems which move across the North American continent. Therefore, weather conditions affecting the city most often approach from a westerly direction. New York City can thus experience higher temperatures in summer and lower ones in winter than would otherwise be expected in a coastal area. However, the frequent passage of weather systems often helps reduce the length of both warm and cold spells, and is also a major factor in keeping periods of prolonged air stagnation to a minimum.

Although continental influence predominates, oceanic influence is by no means absent. During the summer local sea breezes, winds blowing onshore from the cool water surface, often moderate the afternoon heat. The effect of the sea breeze diminishes inland. On winter mornings, ocean temperatures which are warm relative to the land reinforce the effect of the city heat island and low temperatures are often 10–20 degrees lower in the inland suburbs than in the central city. The relatively warm water temperatures also delay the advent of winter snows. Conversely, the lag in warming of water temperatures keeps spring temperatures relatively cool. One year–round measure of the ocean influence is the small average daily variation in temperature.

Precipitation is moderate and distributed fairly evenly throughout the year. Most of the rainfall from May through October comes from thunderstorms, usually of brief duration and sometimes intense. Heavy rains of long duration associated with tropical storms occur infrequently in late summer or fall. For the other months of the year precipitation is more likely to be associated with widespread storm areas, so that day–long rain, snow or a mixture of both is more common. Coastal storms, occurring most often in the fall and winter months, produce on occasion considerable amounts of precipitation and have been responsible for record rains, snows, and high winds.

The average annual precipitation is reasonably uniform within the city but is higher in the northern and western suburbs and less on eastern Long Island. Annual snowfall totals also show a consistent increase to the north and west of the city with lesser amounts along the south shores and the eastern end of Long Island, reflecting the influence of the ocean waters.

Local Climatological Data is published for three locations in New York City, Central Park, La Guardia Airport, and John F. Kennedy International Airport. Other nearby locations for which it is published are Newark, New Jersey, and Bridgeport, Connecticut.

Based on the 1951–1980 period, the average first occurrence of 32 degrees Fahrenheit in the fall is November 11 and the average last occurrence in the spring is April 1.

NORMALS, MEANS, AND EXTREMES

NEW YORK C. PARK, NY (NYC)

LATITUDE:    LONGITUDE:    ELEVATION (FT):    TIME ZONE:    WBAN: 94728

40 47′ 0 ″ N  73 58′ 0 ″ W  GRND:  158  BARO:  161  EASTERN (UTC + 5)

ELEMENTPORJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECYEAR
TEMPERATURE FNORMAL DAILY MAXIMUM3037.640.350.061.271.780.185.283.776.265.354.042.562.3
MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM3938.441.249.961.471.880.285.183.776.065.154.043.162.5
HIGHEST DAILY MAXIMUM1337275869699101106104102948475106
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE195019851998197619621966193619181953194119501998JUL 1936
MEAN OF EXTREME MAXS.3958.159.670.881.788.992.996.093.589.579.471.362.078.6
NORMAL DAILY MINIMUM3025.326.934.843.853.763.068.467.360.149.741.130.747.1
MEAN DAILY MINIMUM3926.027.434.843.953.863.268.467.560.249.641.131.347.3
LOWEST DAILY MINIMUM133-6-153123244525039285-13-15
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE188219341872192318911945194319861912193618751917FEB 1934
MEAN OF EXTREME MINS.398.110.918.931.142.752.259.557.647.336.627.115.033.9
NORMAL DRY BULB3031.533.642.452.562.771.676.875.568.257.547.636.654.7
MEAN DRY BULB3932.134.242.352.762.771.676.875.668.057.447.537.254.8
MEAN WET BULB427.533.036.244.954.863.767.268.060.551.241.431.848.4
MEAN DEW POINT419.624.227.236.548.358.362.263.955.745.134.724.241.7
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
MAXIMUM 90300.00.00.00.21.03.37.34.91.40.00.00.018.1
MAXIMUM 323010.15.70.9*0.00.00.00.00.00.00.14.821.6
MINIMUM 323022.619.910.81.40.00.00.00.00.00.43.816.875.7
MINIMUM 0300.20.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0*0.3
H/CNORMAL HEATING DEG. DAYS301039879701375125000342505228804805
NORMAL COOLING DEG. DAYS3000005420336632613017001096
RHNORMAL (PERCENT)3062605855636564666866646463
HOUR 01 LST3064636261697271737572686768
HOUR 07 LST3067676664727474767875726971
HOUR 13 LST3057555246525553545654575854
HOUR 19 LST3059575652596160636563626260
SPERCENT POSSIBLE SUNSHINE10751555758616465646261524958
W/OMEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
HEAVY FOG(VISBY 1/4 MI)141.40.70.70.20.50.60.50.40.30.20.40.46.3
THUNDERSTORMS380.20.20.81.12.03.33.73.11.20.70.30.116.7
CLOUDINESSMEAN:
SUNRISE-SUNSET (OKTAS)
MIDNIGHT-MIDNIGHT (OKTAS)
MEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
CLEAR
PARTLY CLOUDY
CLOUDY
PRMEAN STATION PRESSURE(IN)1629.9429.9429.8829.8529.8629.9029.8929.9229.9429.9829.9429.9429.92
MEAN SEA-LEVEL PRES. (IN)630.0730.2729.9829.9329.9529.9829.9630.0030.0130.0830.0730.0130.03
WINDSMEAN SPEED (MPH)78.68.49.08.16.96.25.95.76.36.87.07.47.2
PREVAIL. DIR (TENS OF DEGS)932323232052323232727323232
MAXIMUM 2-MINUTE:
SPEED (MPH)640343735292824332928303440
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)07080808080817300933320707
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199619981996200019991998199619971999199919971997JAN 1996
MAXIMUM 5-SECOND:
SPEED (MPH)653525251403841574146415157
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)06070707300616310902310631
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199619981996199819972000199619971999199619971997AUG 1997
PRECIPITATIONNORMAL (IN)303.423.274.084.204.423.674.354.013.893.564.473.9147.25
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)13210.526.8710.418.7710.249.7811.8912.3616.8513.3112.419.9816.85
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE197918691980187419891903188919901882190319721973SEP 1882
MINIMUM MONTHLY (IN)1320.580.460.900.950.300.020.440.180.210.140.340.250.02
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE198118951885188119031949199919951884196319761955JUN 1949
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)893.913.044.254.224.884.744.395.788.3011.178.093.2111.17
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE197919731876198419681884199719711882190319771909OCT 1903
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
PRECIPITATION 0.013010.08.710.410.711.211.19.99.68.47.69.910.7118.2
PRECIPITATION 1.00300.80.91.01.11.10.91.40.91.11.01.21.112.5
SNOWFALLNORMAL (IN)307.58.03.50.5T0.00.00.00.0T0.43.223.1
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)13327.427.930.513.5T0.0T0.00.00.819.029.630.5
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE192519341896187519951990192518981947MAR 1896
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)13319.217.618.110.2T0.0T0.00.00.810.026.426.4
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199619831941191519951990192518981947 DEC1947
MAXIMUM SNOW DEPTH (IN)1281522990000005722
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE197819941967198219891995FEB 1994
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
SNOWFALL 1.0302.42.01.20.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.11.16.9
PRECIPITATION (inches) 2001 NEW YORK, CENTRAL PARK, NY (NYC)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
19722.415.904.553.928.399.304.541.921.336.2712.416.0967.03
19734.534.553.608.054.514.555.893.082.753.921.829.9857.23
19743.801.495.763.834.293.291.335.998.052.590.946.3347.69
19754.763.333.323.043.387.5811.773.059.323.704.333.6361.21
19765.783.132.992.804.772.781.426.523.155.310.342.2941.28
19772.252.517.413.751.713.831.604.574.755.0312.265.0654.73
19788.271.592.732.389.151.694.485.504.061.502.855.6149.81
197910.524.584.404.046.231.561.764.274.833.873.382.6952.13
19801.721.0410.418.262.333.845.261.161.983.864.110.5844.55
19810.586.041.193.423.562.716.210.593.453.491.695.1838.11
19826.462.372.565.672.435.123.144.661.772.313.441.4741.40
1983
19841.874.866.306.629.745.767.031.382.513.634.073.2657.03
19851.002.411.911.415.724.414.412.584.751.308.090.8338.82
19864.232.861.463.931.681.865.564.242.201.926.856.1642.95
19875.811.014.935.901.453.944.124.895.253.893.082.1746.44
19883.643.912.102.205.271.298.142.192.343.568.901.1344.67
19892.293.034.934.2610.248.795.138.446.907.482.790.8365.11
19905.342.333.645.129.102.503.5112.362.246.382.825.5860.92
19913.381.935.163.683.114.164.577.133.712.131.964.2645.18
19921.681.874.081.764.024.774.493.494.891.165.645.5043.35
19933.442.816.644.281.561.491.705.415.254.552.204.9544.28
19945.623.446.332.424.263.213.866.333.331.354.342.9047.39
19953.753.131.262.292.842.096.130.183.037.825.782.1240.42
19965.642.593.816.332.645.715.761.874.977.522.876.4856.19
19973.652.545.182.863.051.938.363.212.102.104.684.2743.93
19985.205.815.087.056.945.941.092.783.442.761.481.1248.69
19997.023.494.011.934.040.190.442.898.812.732.333.2341.11
20003.231.663.343.534.504.877.283.825.820.673.543.1945.45
20013.161.957.481.582.035.292.042.565.300.661.362.2435.65
POR=132 YRS3.503.333.933.543.663.494.214.243.783.463.483.4144.03
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (F) 2001 NEW YORK, CENTRAL PARK, NY (NYC)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
197235.131.439.850.163.367.977.275.669.553.544.438.553.9
197335.532.546.453.459.573.477.477.669.560.248.339.056.1
197435.331.742.155.261.069.077.276.466.754.148.239.454.7
197537.335.840.247.965.870.575.874.464.259.252.335.954.9
197627.439.944.455.060.273.274.874.366.652.941.729.953.4
197722.133.546.853.765.070.279.075.768.254.947.335.754.3
197828.027.239.051.661.571.374.476.065.054.947.838.953.0
197933.625.546.952.665.369.276.976.870.557.352.541.155.7
198033.731.441.254.565.670.379.380.370.855.244.632.555.0
198126.339.342.356.264.873.078.576.067.654.447.736.555.2
198226.135.342.051.264.168.677.973.268.358.550.442.854.9
198334.536.444.052.360.273.479.577.771.857.948.935.256.0
198429.940.636.751.961.674.574.776.765.961.847.343.855.5
198528.836.645.855.565.368.676.275.470.559.550.034.255.5
198634.132.045.154.566.071.676.073.167.958.045.739.055.3
198732.333.245.253.463.672.878.074.267.753.847.739.555.1
198829.535.043.651.262.771.879.378.867.452.849.435.954.8
198937.434.542.452.262.172.075.074.068.158.245.725.954.0
199041.439.845.153.560.272.176.875.367.561.950.442.657.2
199134.940.044.655.768.774.177.777.167.558.448.339.657.2
199235.736.440.050.561.070.374.273.067.254.546.537.953.9
199336.330.839.753.365.773.380.277.267.356.048.837.355.5
199425.630.640.755.661.875.279.474.067.658.052.042.255.2
199537.531.645.051.961.971.879.278.668.361.643.632.455.3
199630.533.838.952.261.171.473.374.568.056.443.041.353.7
199732.240.041.951.759.470.975.873.367.056.744.538.354.3
199840.040.645.454.064.369.276.576.770.257.648.143.257.2
199933.938.942.553.563.173.281.475.569.156.050.840.056.5
200031.337.347.251.063.571.372.372.566.057.045.331.153.8
200133.735.939.654.063.673.073.278.767.758.552.744.156.2
POR=90 YRS32.233.441.451.662.271.176.574.868.057.747.036.254.3

REFERENCE NOTES:

PAGE 1:

THE TEMPERATURE GRAPH SHOWS NORMAL MAXIMUM AND NORMAL MINIMUM DAILY TEMPERATURES (SOLID CURVES) AND THE ACTUAL DAILY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES (VERTICAL BARS).

PAGE 2 AND 3:

H/C INDICATES HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS.

RH INDICATES RELATIVE HUMIDITY

W/O INDICATES WEATHER AND OBSTRUCTIONS

S INDICATES SUNSHINE.

PR INDICATES PRESSURE.

CLOUDINESS ON PAGE 3 IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA NOT TO EXCEED EIGHT EIGHTHS (OKTAS).

GENERAL:

T INDICATES TRACE PRECIPITATION, AN AMOUNT GREATER THAN ZERO BUT LESS THAN THE LOWEST REPORTABLE VALUE.

+ INDICATES THE VALUE ALSO OCCURS ON EARLIER DATES.

BLANK ENTRIES DENOTE MISSING OR UNREPORTED DATA.

NORMALS ARE 30–YEAR AVERAGES (1961–1990).

ASOS INDICATES AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM.

PM INDICATES THE LAST DAY OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH.

POR (PERIOD OF RECORD) BEGINS WITH THE JANUARY DATA MONTH AND IS THE NUMBER OF YEARS USED TO COMPUTE THE MEAN. INDIVIDUAL MONTHS WITHIN THE POR MAY BE MISSING.

WHEN THE POR FOR A NORMAL IS LESS THAN 30 YEARS, THE NORMAL IS PROVISIONAL AND IS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF YEARS INDICATED.

0.* OR * INDICATES THE VALUE OR MEAN–DAYS–WITH IS BETWEEN 0.00 AND 0.05.

CLOUDINESS FOR ASOS STATIONS DIFFERS FROM THE NON–ASOS OBSERVATION TAKEN BY A HUMAN OBSERVER. ASOS STATION CLOUDINESS IS BASED ON TIME–AVERAGED CEILOMETER DATA FOR CLOUDS AT OR BELOW 12,000 FEET AND ON SATELLITE DATA FOR CLOUDS ABOVE 12,000 FEET.

THE NUMBER OF DAYS WITH CLEAR, PARTLY CLOUDY, AND CLOUDY CONDITIONS FOR ASOS STATIONS IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA FOR THE SUNRISE TO SUNSET PERIOD.

GENERAL CONTINUED:

CLEAR INDICATES 0–2 OKTAS, PARTLY CLOUDY INDICATES 3–6 OKTAS, AND CLOUDY INDICATES 7 OR 8 OKTAS. WHEN AT LEAST ONE OF THE ELEMENTS (CEILOMETER OR SATELLITE) IS MISSING, THE DAILY CLOUDINESS IS NOT COMPUTED.

WIND DIRECTION IS RECORDED IN TENS OF DEGREES (2 DIGITS) CLOCKWISE FROM TRUE NORTH. "00" INDICATES CALM. "36" INDICATES TRUE NORTH.

RESULTANT WIND IS THE VECTOR AVERAGE OF THE SPEED AND DIRECTION.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS THE SUM OF THE MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE DIVIDED BY 2.

SNOWFALL DATA COMPRISE ALL FORMS OF FROZEN PRECIPITATION, INCLUDING HAIL.

A HEATING (COOLING) DEGREE DAY IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE AND 65 F.

DRY BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AMBIENT AIR.

DEW POINT IS THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH THE AIR MUST BE COOLED TO ACHIEVE 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

WET BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE THE AIR WOULD HAVE IF THE MOISTURE CONTENT WAS INCREASED TO 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

ON JULY 1, 1996, THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BEGAN USING THE "METAR" OBSERVATION CODE THAT WAS ALREADY EMPLOYED BY MOST OTHER NATIONS OF THE WORLD. THE MOST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE IN THIS ANNUAL PUBLICATION WILL BE THE CHANGE IN UNITS FROM TENTHS TO EIGHTS (OKTAS) FOR REPORTING THE AMOUNT OF SKY COVER.

HEATING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 NEW YORK, CENTRAL PARK, NY (NYC)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972-73202535561181290790357236218824739
1973-740029162493800913925704309165274527
1974-75105933350278985281276450786114716
1975-7603621933878981163723630360167184604
1976-77044437369210821322877560354100275435
1977-78005630752490311401051797394179135364
1978-795075311510802969110055436955144764
1979-80442027137373496396973131067224468
1980-810031305602100011947156982647834890
1981-820048320513876119882570741374365010
1982-83052422944667993679364439316134313
1983-840034249480914108269887038913794862
1984-850069114525654111378959630579244268
1985-86001718844894795091761531289114494
1986-8701027236572797100888360834814684643
1987-8802293435127801093867656409133314855
1988-893023385459896844849696376143144688
1989-900154217572120572470261236615044607
1990-9132571664366869276966253116133973
1991-920060222496782902827767434160124662
1992-93035432454783488295377934757144794
1993-940065275483852121595874928214205021
1994-95001821238870084693161438613024227
1995-9600311466371001106589480138918385155
1996-9700462636567261010691712393174404711
1997-98204828461182276867663532299294296
1998-9900202224996709557256873409844220
1999-0003232714187691038795544411118314421
2000-010081256586104196580978034012464988
2001-0047228364639
COOLING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 NEW YORK, CENTRAL PARK, NY (NYC)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
19720005471183843381693001064
1973000202326039040117122201289
197400019471553853601151601088
1975000012018534129943221501025
197600065242703102991035001076
1977003221101894423381590001263
1978000077209301348814001020
197900047114937837619243501218
198000019418844848021311001435
19810004782524253471290001235
1982000755152405266129361601066
1983000191625946040424435001437
198400033930130636710626001148
1985008289513935332918921501167
1986005412721434826912027001114
198700051102514062951180201187
198800006624345543510412001315
198900406123131328715110001057
199000425822537532814077401186
19910003818228040338214224101452
1992000546174292256127800908
19930000822694743861403401358
19940007513164542861022301221
199500004021244542813748001310
199600013672092673001424001002
1997000072223432651133200982
199800360891623663681841021208
19990003462585173361523001315
20000000812272342401171200911
2001000158925026243013732101216
SNOWFALL (inches) 2001 NEW YORK, CENTRAL PARK, NY (NYC)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972-730.00.00.0TTT1.80.80.2T0.00.02.8
1973-740.00.00.00.00.02.87.89.43.20.30.00.023.5
1974-750.00.00.00.00.10.12.010.60.3T0.00.013.1
1975-760.00.00.00.0T2.35.65.04.4T0.00.017.3
1976-770.00.00.00.0T5.113.05.80.6TT0.024.5
1977-780.00.00.00.00.20.420.323.06.8T0.00.050.7
1978-790.00.00.00.02.20.56.620.1TT0.00.029.4
1979-800.00.00.0T0.03.52.02.74.6T0.00.012.8
1980-810.00.00.00.0T2.88.0T8.60.00.00.019.4
1981-820.00.00.00.00.02.111.80.40.79.60.00.024.6
1982-830.00.00.00.00.03.01.923.5T0.80.00.029.2
1983-840.00.00.00.0T1.611.70.211.90.00.00.025.4
1984-850.00.00.00.0T5.58.410.00.2T0.00.024.1
1985-860.00.00.00.0T0.92.29.9TT0.00.013.0
1986-870.00.00.00.0T0.613.67.01.90.00.00.023.1
1987-880.00.00.00.01.12.613.91.5T0.00.00.019.1
1988-890.00.00.00.00.00.35.00.32.50.00.00.08.1
1989-900.00.00.00.04.71.41.81.83.10.60.00.013.4
1990-91T0.00.00.00.07.28.49.10.20.00.00.024.9
1991-920.00.00.00.0T0.71.51.09.4T0.00.012.6
1992-930.00.00.00.00.00.41.510.711.90.00.00.024.5
1993-940.00.00.00.0T6.912.026.48.10.00.00.053.4
1994-950.00.00.00.0TT0.211.6TTT0.011.8
1995-960.00.00.00.02.911.526.121.213.20.70.00.075.6
1996-970.00.00.00.00.1T4.43.81.7T0.00.010.0
1997-980.00.00.00.0TT0.50.05.00.00.00.05.5
1998-990.00.00.00.00.02.04.51.74.50.00.00.012.7
1999-000.00.00.00.00.0T9.55.20.41.20.00.016.3
2000-010.00.00.0T0.013.48.39.53.80.00.00.035.0
2001-0.00.00.00.00.0T
POR=132 YRST0.00.00.00.95.57.58.35.00.9T0.028.1

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