2001 Madison, Wisconsin (MSN)

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2001 MADISON, WISCONSIN (MSN)

Madison is set on a narrow isthmus of land between Lakes Mendota and Monona. Lake Mendota (15 square miles) lies northwest of Lake Monona (5 square miles) and the lakes are only two–thirds of a mile apart at one point. Drainage at Madison is southeast through two other lakes into the Rock River, which flows south into Illinois, and then west to the Mississippi. The westward flowing Wisconsin River is only 20 miles northwest of Madison. Madison lakes are normally frozen from mid–December to early April.

Madison has the typical continental climate of interior North America with a large annual temperature range and with frequent short period temperature changes. The range of extreme temperatures is from about 110 to –40 degrees. Winter temperatures (December–February) average near 20 degrees and the summer average (June–August) is in the upper 60s. Daily temperatures average below 32 degrees about 120 days and above 40 degrees for about 210 days of the year.

Madison lies in the path of the frequent cyclones and anticyclones which move eastward over this area during fall, winter and spring. In summer, the cyclones have diminished intensity and tend to pass farther north. The most frequent air masses are of polar origin. Occasional outbreaks of arctic air affect this area during the winter months. Although northward moving tropical air masses contribute considerable cloudiness and precipitation, the true Gulf air mass does not reach this area in winter, and only occasionally at other seasons. Summers are pleasant, with only occasional periods of extreme heat or high humidity.

There are no dry and wet seasons, but about 60 percent of the annual precipitation falls in the five months of May through September. Cold season precipitation is lighter, but lasts longer. Soil moisture is usually adequate in the first part of the growing season. During July, August, and September, the crops depend on current rainfall, which is mostly from thunderstorms and tends to be erratic and variable. Average occurrence of thunderstorms is just under 7 days per month during this period.

March and November are the windiest months. Tornadoes are infrequent. Dane County has about one tornado in every three to five years.

The ground is covered with 1 inch or more of snow about 60 percent of the time from about December 10 to near February 25 in an average winter. The soil is usually frozen from the first of December through most of March with an average frost penetration of 25 to 30 inches. The growing season averages 175 days.

Farming is diversified with the main emphasis on dairying. Field crops are mainly corn, oats, clover, and alfalfa, but barley, wheat, rye, and tobacco are also raised. Canning factories pack peas, sweet corn, and lima beans. Fruits are mainly apples, strawberries, and raspberries.

NORMALS, MEANS, AND EXTREMES

MADISON, WI (MSN)

LATITUDE:    LONGITUDE:    ELEVATION (FT):    TIME ZONE:    WBAN: 14837

43 08′ 26″ N  89 20′ 43″ W  GRND: 857  BARO: 860  CENTRAL (UTC + 6)

ELEMENTPORJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECYEAR
TEMPERATURE FNORMAL DAILY MAXIMUM3024.830.141.556.768.978.282.479.671.559.944.029.855.6
MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM5425.930.942.157.569.979.083.080.872.360.944.131.056.4
HIGHEST DAILY MAXIMUM62566482949310110410299907664104
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE198920001986198019751988197619881953197619642001JUL 1976
MEAN OF EXTREME MAXS.5444.248.466.578.986.191.693.892.287.579.264.750.573.6
NORMAL DAILY MINIMUM307.211.123.034.144.254.259.556.948.237.726.713.534.7
MEAN DAILY MINIMUM548.312.822.934.945.254.759.657.648.738.426.814.935.4
LOWEST DAILY MINIMUM62-37-29-290193136352513-11-25-37
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE195119961962198219781972196519681974198819471983JAN 1951
MEAN OF EXTREME MINS.54-15.0-10.32.619.529.939.746.343.832.423.09.0-7.617.8
NORMAL DRY BULB3016.020.632.345.456.566.271.068.359.848.935.421.745.2
MEAN DRY BULB5417.121.932.446.057.467.071.469.160.549.635.622.945.9
MEAN WET BULB1718.122.430.941.452.261.362.164.356.244.932.922.442.4
MEAN DEW POINT1713.316.924.534.146.156.458.560.952.339.627.917.737.3
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
MAXIMUM 90300.00.00.0*0.33.15.42.80.50.10.00.012.2
MAXIMUM 323021.215.15.70.40.00.00.00.00.0*3.817.263.4
MINIMUM 323030.226.925.814.13.3*0.00.01.210.221.829.2162.7
MINIMUM 03011.36.90.9*0.00.00.00.00.00.00.25.725.0
H/CNORMAL HEATING DEG. DAYS3015191243101458829468123816849988813427673
NORMAL COOLING DEG. DAYS3000003010419814112000485
RHNORMAL (PERCENT)3074737166666871747773777872
HOUR 00 LST3078787875768084878882828281
HOUR 06 LST3079808181808286919286858384
HOUR 12 LST3069666254535556596159677361
HOUR 18 LST3073706556545658626868757765
SPERCENT POSSIBLE SUNSHINE5047515252586467646054394054
W/OMEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
HEAVY FOG (VISBY 1/4 MI)552.32.02.61.41.41.11.42.21.91.71.92.822.7
THUNDERSTORMS530.20.21.93.75.17.07.56.34.52.00.80.339.5
CLOUDINESSMEAN:
SUNRISE-SUNSET (OKTAS)16.4
MIDNIGHT-MIDNIGHT (OKTAS)
MEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
CLEAR16.07.08.0
PARTLY CLOUDY14.06.04.0
CLOUDY121.016.019.0
PRMEAN STATION PRESSURE(IN)2929.1129.1329.0629.0329.0329.0329.0629.1029.1129.1029.0829.1229.08
MEAN SEA-LEVEL PRES. (IN)1730.0730.1030.0429.9429.9429.9429.9730.0230.0330.0430.0430.0930.02
WINDSMEAN SPEED (MPH)4610.210.111.011.39.88.88.07.78.39.310.39.89.6
PREVAIL. DIR (TENS OF DEGS)3030303118181818181818183018
MAXIMUM 2-MINUTE:
SPEED (MPH)534303436384140284331382843
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)06160102163633311517183415
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199920001998200020011998199720002000199719981998SEP 2000
MAXIMUM 5-SECOND:
SPEED (MPH)545414153445353417440523774
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)07251826163122311517213115
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199920011998199720012000199720002000199719981999SEP 2000
PRECIPITATIONNORMAL (IN)301.071.082.172.863.143.663.394.043.372.172.091.8430.88
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)622.532.775.467.119.639.9510.939.499.515.635.134.0910.93
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199619531998197320001978195019801941198419851987JUL 1950
MINIMUM MONTHLY (IN)620.140.060.280.960.640.811.380.700.110.060.110.250.06
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE198119951978194619811973194619481979195219761960FEB 1995
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)531.271.593.012.834.114.515.253.953.572.782.362.195.25
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE196020011998197520001996195020011961198419851990JUL 1950
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
PRECIPITATION 0.013010.57.810.611.611.510.19.69.59.59.310.010.2120.2
PRECIPITATION 1.00300.10.10.10.50.70.90.81.00.90.30.40.36.1
SNOWFALLNORMAL (IN)309.97.17.92.60.10.00.00.0T0.23.412.243.4
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)5327.537.025.417.43.0TTTT3.918.335.037.0
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199519941959197319901992199419941994199719852000FEB 1994
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)5313.014.213.612.93.0TTTT3.89.017.317.3
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199619941971197319901992199419941994199719851990DEC 1990
MAXIMUM SNOW DEPTH (IN)533228161440000491732
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE19791979198619731994199719851990JAN 1979
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
SNOWFALL 1.0302.82.52.20.70.*0.00.00.00.00.*1.23.512.9
PRECIPITATION (inches) 2001 MADISON, WI (MSN)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
19720.400.422.232.022.831.653.497.475.262.420.861.9130.96
19731.541.205.047.115.270.812.682.533.592.301.481.9835.53
19742.451.173.434.245.773.862.694.601.083.181.791.8036.06
19750.981.543.094.194.574.306.055.250.840.642.790.2934.53
19760.561.724.754.801.951.381.461.990.501.490.110.3721.08
19770.531.443.032.592.522.636.635.192.841.412.121.6032.53
19781.030.240.283.503.969.954.541.635.441.113.051.7136.44
19791.690.902.672.462.702.532.804.960.113.102.271.9328.12
19801.110.640.682.362.083.432.679.497.841.131.331.6234.38
19810.142.470.333.420.644.994.817.063.102.681.710.7532.10
19821.420.172.113.264.343.403.472.671.421.464.213.6531.58
19830.532.262.702.234.211.851.925.052.852.593.182.3031.67
19840.361.261.153.863.327.011.961.892.795.631.832.6633.72
19851.431.893.131.523.353.064.482.985.004.585.132.3938.94
19861.022.721.552.271.973.244.314.386.821.851.030.6931.85
19870.680.621.992.463.901.173.267.163.611.243.244.0933.42
19881.820.461.202.650.922.062.442.953.331.603.581.5624.57
19890.610.571.691.691.721.674.976.460.891.880.980.2623.39
19901.600.994.181.905.354.882.616.031.642.251.653.4636.54
19911.170.444.244.892.203.755.182.343.965.353.861.7139.09
19920.781.341.903.171.121.535.542.485.991.064.832.3932.13
19931.601.183.295.333.816.679.345.573.740.911.550.3543.34
19941.462.760.462.571.335.664.104.566.140.652.771.0833.54
19952.120.062.174.143.921.224.365.581.784.293.170.7733.58
19962.530.530.802.762.959.694.081.841.073.141.011.2731.67
19971.362.521.542.501.945.236.232.331.381.231.251.2528.76
19982.241.445.464.104.587.462.504.242.483.201.950.2939.94
19992.100.910.476.913.725.574.493.261.550.881.210.8631.93
20000.911.951.173.189.638.633.273.943.590.682.001.3940.34
20010.992.640.593.074.165.403.097.645.532.621.591.1338.45
POR=62 YRS1.251.162.073.013.344.233.823.733.142.192.061.5531.55
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (F) 2001 MADISON, WI (MSN)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
197212.716.528.741.359.262.868.369.259.445.834.617.343.0
197323.424.041.644.954.467.971.670.660.754.136.621.547.6
197419.218.433.148.754.164.072.166.857.450.537.126.845.7
197521.921.326.141.062.569.272.470.657.552.241.925.546.8
197615.728.436.549.354.368.373.468.858.043.728.113.244.8
19773.722.439.851.965.264.973.664.659.747.634.019.645.6
197810.512.429.444.557.965.969.769.563.847.333.521.343.8
19796.911.732.142.456.766.069.866.661.147.535.128.843.7
198017.315.728.045.557.865.373.470.359.943.735.422.644.6
198120.525.336.948.755.367.470.668.759.146.636.722.046.5
19828.019.130.641.760.859.670.966.359.050.634.228.844.1
198321.426.333.141.651.967.575.072.260.148.237.310.845.5
198414.830.226.745.653.467.570.271.359.352.033.926.445.9
198512.219.037.752.260.763.870.066.461.649.431.011.344.6
198618.219.436.249.858.465.973.264.861.649.731.225.546.2
198722.630.537.249.960.870.474.568.760.643.440.028.448.9
198813.817.434.646.060.569.574.174.563.043.538.824.646.7
198927.614.630.144.756.165.772.368.658.750.833.114.244.7
199028.625.837.748.553.667.670.669.963.748.341.021.448.1
199115.126.536.849.463.671.172.370.260.049.431.426.347.7
199225.529.334.843.658.064.967.265.360.448.434.724.946.4
199321.821.231.543.759.665.972.072.156.747.935.226.646.2
19948.815.835.848.358.070.370.766.564.952.440.228.846.7
199520.422.936.943.857.672.074.876.958.750.228.720.647.0
199615.221.628.642.253.266.767.568.660.348.528.722.643.6
199715.724.134.143.351.367.369.365.460.250.233.327.945.2
199823.733.534.248.162.566.371.270.664.751.640.631.349.9
199916.530.833.848.159.968.474.966.960.348.942.026.448.1
200020.629.640.745.359.165.869.469.861.152.534.911.246.7
200121.719.731.751.158.466.072.370.958.748.946.130.448.0
POR=62 YRS17.421.932.446.357.366.971.569.460.749.935.622.946.0

REFERENCE NOTES:

PAGE 1:

THE TEMPERATURE GRAPH SHOWS NORMAL MAXIMUM AND NORMAL MINIMUM DAILY TEMPERATURES (SOLID CURVES) AND THE ACTUAL DAILY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES (VERTICAL BARS).

PAGE 2 AND 3:

H/C INDICATES HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS.

RH INDICATES RELATIVE HUMIDITY

W/O INDICATES WEATHER AND OBSTRUCTIONS

S INDICATES SUNSHINE.

PR INDICATES PRESSURE.

CLOUDINESS ON PAGE 3 IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA NOT TO EXCEED EIGHT EIGHTHS (OKTAS).

GENERAL:

T INDICATES TRACE PRECIPITATION, AN AMOUNT GREATER THAN ZERO BUT LESS THAN THE LOWEST REPORTABLE VALUE.

+ INDICATES THE VALUE ALSO OCCURS ON EARLIER DATES.

BLANK ENTRIES DENOTE MISSING OR UNREPORTED DATA.

NORMALS ARE 30–YEAR AVERAGES (1961–1990).

ASOS INDICATES AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM.

PM INDICATES THE LAST DAY OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH.

POR (PERIOD OF RECORD) BEGINS WITH THE JANUARY DATA MONTH AND IS THE NUMBER OF YEARS USED TO COMPUTE THE MEAN. INDIVIDUAL MONTHS WITHIN THE POR MAY BE MISSING.

WHEN THE POR FOR A NORMAL IS LESS THAN 30 YEARS, THE NORMAL IS PROVISIONAL AND IS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF YEARS INDICATED.

0.* OR * INDICATES THE VALUE OR MEAN–DAYS–WITH IS BETWEEN 0.00 AND 0.05.

CLOUDINESS FOR ASOS STATIONS DIFFERS FROM THE NON–ASOS OBSERVATION TAKEN BY A HUMAN OBSERVER. ASOS STATION CLOUDINESS IS BASED ON TIME–AVERAGED CEILOMETER DATA FOR CLOUDS AT OR BELOW 12,000 FEET AND ON SATELLITE DATA FOR CLOUDS ABOVE 12,000 FEET.

THE NUMBER OF DAYS WITH CLEAR, PARTLY CLOUDY, AND CLOUDY CONDITIONS FOR ASOS STATIONS IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA FOR THE SUNRISE TO SUNSET PERIOD.

GENERAL CONTINUED:

CLEAR INDICATES 0–2 OKTAS, PARTLY CLOUDY INDICATES 3–6 OKTAS, AND CLOUDY INDICATES 7 OR 8 OKTAS. WHEN AT LEAST ONE OF THE ELEMENTS (CEILOMETER OR SATELLITE) IS MISSING, THE DAILY CLOUDINESS IS NOT COMPUTED.

WIND DIRECTION IS RECORDED IN TENS OF DEGREES (2 DIGITS) CLOCKWISE FROM TRUE NORTH. "00" INDICATES CALM. "36" INDICATES TRUE NORTH.

RESULTANT WIND IS THE VECTOR AVERAGE OF THE SPEED AND DIRECTION.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS THE SUM OF THE MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE DIVIDED BY 2.

SNOWFALL DATA COMPRISE ALL FORMS OF FROZEN PRECIPITATION, INCLUDING HAIL.

A HEATING (COOLING) DEGREE DAY IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE AND 65 F.

DRY BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AMBIENT AIR.

DEW POINT IS THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH THE AIR MUST BE COOLED TO ACHIEVE 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

WET BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE THE AIR WOULD HAVE IF THE MOISTURE CONTENT WAS INCREASED TO 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

ON JULY 1, 1996, THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BEGAN USING THE "METAR" OBSERVATION CODE THAT WAS ALREADY EMPLOYED BY MOST OTHER NATIONS OF THE WORLD. THE MOST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE IN THIS ANNUAL PUBLICATION WILL BE THE CHANGE IN UNITS FROM TENTHS TO EIGHTS (OKTAS) FOR REPORTING THE AMOUNT OF SKY COVER.

HEATING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 MADISON, WI (MSN)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972-734442188587905147512791143720596325157319
1973-74425180349847134214161298979494347907371
1974-751372534438291179132912201198714150437396
1975-761811236412687121715201056877477333326876
1976-774402366561102160218981188772409110958112
1977-786951615339251404168814661096608269598310
1978-7919221305439401348180014891013671283528310
1979-8014621445468901112147114241138586255847726
1980-81211178651881130313731107864482307307189
1981-82162719356684213271765128110596881551728091
1982-83566230444918111713461078978693400577332
1983-841161935198231678155010061181575358207920
1984-85921215397927119116321287839418155967187
1985-8612361984751012166114441272888462220737753
1986-87759145471100712181309963857452192276707
1987-88345150661743112715861377938565176537424
1988-894181076617771242115314041076602290687402
1989-90522207437952156811221092835519349467154
1990-91712133511713134915391072868467173226866
1991-928112224761002119512161031929634244737041
1992-9326681765149031236133312201032633196747411
1993-9409260525887118217391375896501241397654
1994-9565280389736111613761173867629226206670
1995-969022845210811370153712561123675385528168
1996-971871745051083130615211138951646416447809
1997-98285215748194511411273875949496129956621
1998-99017840972410401497952962496178536390
1999-00026177491681119013721021747587206646562
2000-0117101873868951663133412601027417231897516
2001-1782104905601063
COOLING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 MADISON, WI (MSN)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
19720000416115618027000465
197300002112215207581900613
19740009176822810231200457
1975000081176256190182100742
197600014613627016534200627
197700024123992788810000622
197800005692171168102000589
197900003388168115331300450
198000083910026818331000629
198100001310719814819000485
19820000291619411453300409
19830000013832723752600760
19840001510217722450000559
198500040296617584102000496
198600013241052695949000519
198700086919430416526000766
198800004319429631554000902
19890000219723714125300524
1990000322132191171100100629
1991000813621024118080300858
1992000033761008642500342
199300003311122324018500630
1994000103220719210885300637
19950000523732037445100982
199600002811010312541000407
19970000012316869212900410
199800005714019918276000654
19990000241613159542000637
20000000329615916578500535
200100043712525019927000642
SNOWFALL (inches) 2001 MADISON, WI (MSN)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972-730.00.00.0T1.316.31.96.01.117.4T0.044.0
1973-740.00.00.00.00.410.910.514.16.60.4T0.042.9
1974-750.00.00.00.03.015.45.220.910.05.90.00.060.4
1975-760.00.00.00.05.52.810.110.42.0T0.00.030.8
1976-770.00.00.0T1.15.88.72.65.82.30.00.026.3
1977-780.00.00.00.010.424.613.54.73.00.50.00.056.7
1978-790.00.00.00.06.223.026.98.74.07.30.00.076.1
1979-800.00.00.00.24.41.34.97.55.67.10.00.031.0
1980-810.00.00.0T3.59.22.99.21.70.00.00.026.5
1981-820.00.00.00.12.07.219.42.48.610.30.00.050.0
1982-830.00.00.00.00.33.36.513.014.14.20.00.041.4
1983-840.00.00.00.02.122.66.00.86.83.90.00.042.2
1984-850.00.00.00.00.515.819.97.48.21.90.00.053.7
1985-860.00.00.00.018.324.013.913.32.70.20.00.072.4
1986-870.00.00.0T8.68.08.70.38.9T0.00.034.5
1987-880.00.00.00.43.932.816.36.41.11.30.00.062.2
1988-890.00.00.00.25.58.22.69.79.30.20.5T36.2
1989-900.00.00.00.74.44.310.111.70.10.53.0T34.8
1990-910.00.00.03.14.523.014.55.03.61.30.00.055.0
1991-92T0.00.00.58.010.24.512.36.90.10.0T42.5
1992-930.0T0.02.13.910.512.512.121.68.50.00.071.2
1993-940.00.0T0.21.22.522.537.00.69.70.00.073.7
1994-95TTT0.00.312.527.50.711.20.60.00.052.8
1995-960.00.00.00.112.810.326.41.34.74.90.00.060.5
1996-970.00.00.00.05.96.713.114.42.77.10.10.050.0
1997-980.00.00.03.93.014.318.91.812.0T0.00.053.9
1998-990.00.00.00.00.42.223.93.87.8T0.00.038.1
1999-000.0T0.00.0T3.211.711.23.54.5T0.034.1
2000-010.00.00.0T5.335.01.67.81.90.60.00.052.2
2001-0.00.00.0TT2.3
POR=52 YRSTTT0.33.511.010.97.47.92.40.2T43.6

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