Michigan

views updated May 29 2018

Independent, 4-year, coed. Part of Baker College System. Awards associate and bachelor's degrees. Founded 1888. Setting: 40-acre suburban campus with easy access to Grand Rapids. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $1417 per student. Total enrollment: 4,744. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 63:1. 1,937 applied, 100% were admitted. Students come from 13 states and territories, 1% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 4% Hispanic, 13% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 45% 25 or older, 11% live on campus. Core. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, external degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Description:

Independent, comprehensive, coed, affiliated with Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod. Part of Concordia University System. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1963. Setting: 234-acre suburban campus with easy access to Detroit. Endowment: $5.4 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $5608 per student. Total enrollment: 600. Faculty: 85 (35 full-time, 50 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 11:1. 550 applied, 82% were admitted. Full-time: 506 students, 56% women, 44% men. Part-time: 53 students, 57% women, 43% men. Students come from 20 states and territories, 2 other countries, 18% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 10% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 24% 25 or older, 56% live on campus, 9% transferred in. Retention: 72% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: education; business/marketing; security and protective services. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at Concordia University System. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: electronic application, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Recommended: minimum 2.5 high school GPA, 1 recommendation, ACT. Required for some: essay, interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadlines: Rolling, Rolling for nonresidents.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. One-time mandatory fee: $100. Comprehensive fee: $25,153 includes full-time tuition ($18,035), mandatory fees ($170), and college room and board ($6948). College room only: $5042. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, degree level, and program. Part-time tuition: $590 per credit hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load, degree level, and program.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 16 open to all. Most popular organizations: Student Activities Committee, Drama Club, Student Senate, Spiritual Life Committee, off-campus ministries. Major annual events: Lyceum Day, Homecoming, Spring Formal. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: student patrols, late night transport-escort service. 436 college housing spaces available; 283 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. Zimmerman Library with 120,000 books, 300,000 microform titles, 3,950 serials, 10,500 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $334,000. 60 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 275 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities, local fraternities, local sororities; 8% of eligible men and 8% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Golden Key Society, Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship, Malaysian Student Organization. Major annual events: Homecoming, Bronco Bash, Gold Rush. Student services: legal services, health clinic, personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 6,300 college housing spaces available; 5,701 were occupied in 2003-04. No special consideration for freshman housing applicants. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Waldo Library plus 4 others with 2 million books, 1.9 million microform titles, 9,715 serials, 25,711 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $12.6 million. 2,000 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

At one time a gathering place of the Potawatomies, the city received its name from the Indian word meaning"place where the water boils." Today the city is an important paper-manufacturing center with an annual production of over three million tons. The city is also prominent in the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs. Part-time work is available for students. The largest city in southwest Michigan, Kalamazoo has many parks and picnic areas, 9 golf courses, ski areas, sandy beaches, and good hunting in season. Community service is provided by several churches, 2 hospitals, and shopping malls. The municipal library, art center, civic players, and symphony orchestra provide cultural outlets.

■ YESHIVA GEDDOLAH OF GREATER DETROIT RABBINICAL COLLEGE M-10

24600 Greenfield
Oak Park, MI 48237-1544
Tel: (810)968-3360

Description:

Independent Jewish, 4-year, men only. Awards bachelor's degrees. Founded 1985. Setting: 1-acre campus with easy access to Detroit.

College Blue Book

Michigan

views updated Jun 11 2018

Michigan

State of Michigan

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: Possibly derived from the Fox Indian word mesikami, meaning "large lake."

NICKNAME: The Wolverine State.

CAPITAL: Lansing.

ENTERED UNION: 26 January 1837 (26th).

SONG: "Michigan, My Michigan" (unofficial).

MOTTO: Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice (If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you).

COAT OF ARMS: In the center, a shield depicts a peninsula on which a man stands, at sunrise, holding a rifle. At the top of the shield is the word "Tuebor" (I will defend), beneath it the state motto. Supporting the shield are an elk on the left and a moose on the right. Over the whole, on a crest, is an American eagle beneath the US motto, E pluribus unum.

FLAG: The coat of arms centered on a dark blue field, fringed on three sides.

OFFICIAL SEAL: The coat of arms surrounded by the words "The Great Seal of the State of Michigan" and the date "a.d. MDCCCXXXV." (1835, the year the state constitution was adopted).

BIRD: Robin.

FISH: Trout.

FLOWER: Apple blossom.

TREE: White pine.

GEM: Chlorastrolite (Isle Royale Greenstone).

LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Presidents' Day, 3rd Monday in February; Memorial Day, last Monday in May; Independence Day, 4 July; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Election Day, 1st Tuesday after the first Monday in November in even-numbered years; Veterans' Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November plus one day; Christmas Day, 25 December.

TIME: 7 AM EST = noon GMT; 6 AM CST = noon GMT.

LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENT

Located in the eastern north-central United States, Michigan is the third-largest state e of the Mississippi River and ranks 23rd in size among the 50 states.

The total area of Michigan (excluding Great Lakes waters) is 58,527 sq mi (151,585 sq km), of which land takes up 56,954 sq mi (147,511 sq km) and inland water 1,573 sq mi (4,074 sq km). The state consists of the upper peninsula adjoining three of the Great Lakes—Superior, Huron, and Michigan—and the lower peninsula, projecting northward between Lakes Michigan, Erie, and Huron. The upper peninsula extends 334 mi (538 km) e-w and 215 mi (346 km) n-s; the lower peninsula's maximum e-w extension is 220 mi (354 km), and its greatest n-s length is 286 mi (460 km).

Michigan's upper peninsula is bordered on the n and e by the Canadian province of Ontario (with the line passing through Lake Superior, the St. Mary's River, and Lake Huron); on the s by Lake Huron, the Straits of Mackinac separating the two peninsulas, and Lake Michigan; and on the sw and w by Wisconsin (with the line passing through the Menominee, Brule, and Montreal rivers). The lower peninsula is bordered on the n by Lake Michigan, the Straits of Mackinac, and Lake Huron; on the e by Ontario (with the line passing through Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and the Detroit River); on the se by Ontario and Ohio (with the line passing through Lake Erie); on the s by Ohio and Indiana; and on the w by Illinois and Wisconsin (with the line passing through Lake Michigan and Green Bay). The state's geographic center is in Wexford County, 5 mi (8 km) nnw of Cadillac.

Among the most important islands are Isle Royale in Lake Superior; Sugar, Neebish, and Drummond islands in the St. Mary's River; Bois Blanc, Mackinac, and Les Cheneaux islands in Lake Huron; Beaver Island in Lake Michigan; and Belle Isle and Grosse Ile in the Detroit River.

The state's total boundary length is 1,673 mi (2,692 km). The total freshwater shoreline is 3,121 mi (5,023 km).

TOPOGRAPHY

Michigan's two peninsulas are generally level land masses. Flat lowlands predominate in the eastern portion of both peninsulas and in scattered areas elsewhere. The state's lowest point, 571 ft (174 m), is found in southeastern Michigan along Lake Erie. Higher land is found in the western area of the lower peninsula, where elevations rise to as much as 1,600 ft (500 m); the hilly uplands of the upper peninsula attain elevations of 1,800 ft (550 m). The state's highest point, at 1,979 ft (603 m), is Mt. Arvon, in Baraga County. The mean elevation is approximately 900 ft (275 m).

Michigan's political boundaries extend into four of the five Great Lakes, giving Michigan jurisdiction over 16,231 sq mi (42,038 sq km) of Lake Superior, 13,037 sq mi (33,766 sq km) of Lake Michigan, 8,975 sq mi (23,245 sq km) of Lake Huron, and 216 sq mi (559 sq km) of Lake Erie, for a total of 38,459 sq mi (99,608 sq km). In addition, Michigan has about 35,000 inland lakes and ponds, the largest of which is Houghton Lake, on the lower peninsula, with an area of 31 sq mi (80 sq km).

The state's leading river is the Grand, about 260 mi (420 km) long, flowing through the lower peninsula into Lake Michigan. Other major rivers that flow into Lake Michigan include the St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, Muskegon, Pere Marquette, and Manistee. On the eastern side of the peninsula, the Saginaw River and its tributaries drain an area of some 6,000 sq mi (15,500 sq km), forming the state's largest watershed. Other important rivers that flow into Lake Huron include the Au Sable, Thunder Bay, and Cheboygan. In the southeast, the Huron and Raisin rivers flow into Lake Erie. Most major rivers in the upper peninsula (including the longest, the Menominee) flow southward into Lake Michigan and its various bays. Tahquamenon Falls, in the eastern part of the upper peninsula, is the largest of the state's more than 150 waterfalls. Wetlands account for about 15% of the total land area of the state.

Most of the many islands belonging to Michigan are located in northern Lake Michigan and in Lake Huron, although the largest, Isle Royale, about 44 mi (71 km) long by 8 mi (13 km) wide, is found in northern Lake Superior. In northern Lake Michigan, Beaver Island is the largest, while Drummond Island, off the eastern tip of the upper peninsula, is the largest island in the northern Lake Huron area.

Michigan's geological development resulted from its location in what was once a basin south of the Laurentian Shield, a land-mass covering most of eastern and central Canada and extending southward into the upper peninsula. Successive glaciers that swept down from the north dumped soil from the shield into the basin and eroded the basin's soft sandstone, limestone, and shale. With the retreat of the last glacier from the area about 6000 bc, the two peninsulas, the Great Lakes, and the islands in these lakes began to emerge, assuming their present shapes about 2,500 years ago.

CLIMATE

Michigan has a temperate climate with well-defined seasons. The warmest temperatures and longest frost-free period are found most generally in the southern part of the lower peninsula; Detroit has an average temperature of 49°f (9°c), ranging from 24°f (−4°c) in January to 73°f (22°c) in July. Colder temperatures and a shorter growing season prevail in the more northerly regions; Sault Ste. Marie has an average of 40°f (4°c), ranging from 14°f (−10°c) in January to 64°f (17°c) in July. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the state is −51°f (−46°c), registered at Vanderbilt on 9 February 1934; the all-time high of 112°f (44°c) was recorded at Mio on 13 July 1936. Both sites are located in the interior of the lower peninsula, away from the moderating influence of the Great Lakes.

Detroit had an average annual precipitation of 32.3 in (82 cm). The greatest snowfall is found in the extreme northern areas, where cloud cover created by cold air blowing over the warmer Lake Superior waters causes frequent heavy snow along the northern coast; Houghton and Calumet, on the Keweenaw Peninsula, average 183 in (465 cm) of snow a year, more than any other area in the state. Similarly, Lake Michigan's water temperatures create a snow belt along the west coast of the lower peninsula.

Cloudy days are more common in Michigan than in most states, in part because of the condensation of water vapor from the Great Lakes. Detroit has sunshine, on average, only 35% of the days in December and January, and 53% year-round. The annual average relative humidity at Detroit is 81% at 7 am, dropping to 60% at 1 pm; at Sault Ste. Marie, the comparable percentages are 85% and 67%, respectively. The southern half of the lower peninsula is an area of heavy thunderstorm activity. Late spring and early summer are the height of the tornado season.

FLORA AND FAUNA

Maple, birch, hemlock, aspen, spruce, and fir predominate in the upper peninsula; maple, birch, aspen, pine, and beech in the lower. Once common in the state, elms have largely disappeared because of the ravages of disease, while the white pine (the state tree) and red pine, which dominated northern Michigan forests and were prime objects of logging operations, have been replaced in cutover lands by aspen and birch. The area south of a line from about Muskegon to Saginaw Bay formerly held the only significant patches of open prairie land (found chiefly in southwestern Michigan) and areas of widely scattered trees, called oak openings. Intensive agricultural development, followed by urban industrial growth, leveled much of this region's forests, although significant wooded acreage remains, especially in the less populated western regions.

Strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, blueberries, and cranberries are among the fruit-bearing plants and shrubs that grow wild in many areas of the state, as do mushrooms and wild asparagus. The state flower, the apple blossom, calls to mind the importance of fruit-bearing trees and shrubs in Michigan, but wild flowers also abound, with as many as 400 varieties found in a single county. Eight Michigan plant species were listed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service as threatened or endangered as of April 2006, including the American hart's -tongue fern, dwarf lake iris, Michigan Monkey-flower, and Eastern prairie fringed orchid.

Michigan's fauna, like its flora, has been greatly affected by settlement and, in a few cases, by intensive hunting and fishing. Moose are now confined to Isle Royale, as are nearly all the remaining wolves, which once roamed throughout the state. The caribou and passenger pigeon have been extirpated, but the elk and turkey have been successfully reintroduced in the 20th century. There is no evidence that the state's namesake, the wolverine, was ever found in Michigan, at least in historic times. Despite intensive hunting, the deer population remains high. Other game animals include the common cottontail, snowshoe hare, raccoon, and various squirrels. In addition to the raccoon, important native furbearers are the river otter and the beaver, once virtually exterminated but now making a strong comeback.

More than 300 types of birds have been observed. Aside from the robin (the state bird), the most notable bird is Kirtland's warbler, which nests only in a 60-sq-mi (155-sq-km) section of jack-pine forest in north-central Michigan. Ruffed grouse, bobwhite quail, American woodcock, and various ducks and geese are hunted extensively. Populations of ring-necked pheasant, introduced in 1895, have dropped at an alarming rate in recent decades. Reptiles include the painted turtle and the massasauga, the state's only poisonous snake.

Whitefish, perch, and lake trout (the state fish) are native to the Great Lakes while perch, bass, and pike are indigenous to inland waters. In 1877, the carp was introduced, with such success that it has since become a nuisance. Rainbow and brown trout have also been planted, and in the late 1960s, the state enjoyed its most spectacular success with the introduction of several species of salmon.

The first Michigan list of threatened or endangered animals in 1976 included 64 species, 15 endangered and 49 threatened. In 2006, the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed 13 Michigan animals as threatened or endangered. These included the Indiana bat, two species of beetle, two species of butterfly, gray wolf, bald eagle, piping plover, and Kirtland's warbler.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is the state's 4th-largest department employing approximately 3,700 persons. It is responsible for the administration of hundreds of programs affecting every aspect of the environment. These programs are based on state and federal laws calling for the protection and management of natural resources, including: air, water, fish, wildlife, recreational activities, wetlands, forests, minerals, oil, and gas. The regulatory programs operated by the DNR conserve and manage natural resources by controlling access or limiting their use and removal. Most of these programs rely on permit or license systems such as hunting or fishing licenses, forest use permits, and air/wastewater discharge permits.

Responding to citizens' concerns and new federal legislation, Michigan enacted programs to address water and air pollution as well as waste problems. At least 10 major environmental programs were established under Michigan law during the 1970s and 1980s, directing the DNR to assume new responsibilities and authorities. These included the Wetland Protection Act of 1980, Inland Lakes and Streams Act, the Resource Recovery Act, the Solid Waste Management Act, and the Hazardous Waste Management Act. In addition, changes in administrative rules and amendments to existing statutes greatly expanded the scope of some programs such as air and water pollution control (Air Pollution Control Act and Water Resources Commission Act). These legislated changes, coupled with reorganization measures enacted by executive order, greatly expanded the state's role in environmental protection matters and substantially increased the scope of DNR's mission.

Governor William Milliken decided Michigan would be better served if all environmental programs were under one roof. Executive Order 1973-2 transferred three programs from the Department of Public Health to the DNR, including sewage system maintenance and certification; solid waste disposal; and licensing of septic tank cleaners. Further transfers were accomplished under Executive Order 1973-2a, which changed the status of the Water Resources Commission (WRC), making it subordinate to the Natural Resources Commission (NRC). Additionally, Executive Order 1973-2a transferred the Air Pollution Control Commission to the DNR under the jurisdiction of the NRC. The Executive Order divided the DNR for the first time into two branches: the natural resources branch, and the environmental protection branch. The Executive Orders of 1973 clearly consolidated and defined the DNR's environmental protection responsibilities.

As the 1970s drew to a close, Michigan enacted two major pollution control laws: the Solid Waste Management Act and the Hazardous Waste Management Act. These acts provide the legal basis for the separate management of hazardous wastes under a detailed regulatory program. The two waste management laws substantially increased the DNR's enforcement and administrative responsibilities. In addition to these two acts, several other laws were enacted or amended by the legislature in the late 1970s and 1980s which had a major impact on the Department. For example, the Environmental Response Act provides for the identification of sites of environmental contamination throughout the state and an appropriation procedure to support the cleanup of contamination sites in the state. Other programs created by statute included the Clean Michigan Fund and the Leaking Underground Storage Tanks Act. Each of these statutes required the DNR to assume new program responsibilities and authorities in the 1980s.

As the policy body over the DNR, the NRC consists of seven members appointed by the governor, with the advice of the Senate. The NRC sets the overall direction of the department and hires the director to carry out its policies. The department is organized both programmatically and geographically. The three program areas, each headed by a deputy director, include: resource management; environmental protection; and policy, budget, and administration. The three geographical regions split the state into the north, central, and south zones, each headed by a deputy director. The deputy directors report to the director of the DNR.

The mission of the department is to conserve and develop the state's natural resources and to protect and enhance the state's environmental quality in order to provide clean air, clean water, productive land, and healthy life. Additionally, the department seeks to provide quality recreational opportunities to the people of Michigan through the effective management of state recreational lands and parks, boating facilities, and population of fish and wildlife.

In 2003, 101.6 million pounds of toxic chemicals were released in the state. In 2003, Michigan had 343 hazardous waste sites listed in the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) database, 66 of which were on the National Priorities List as of 2006, including Shiawassee River, the Clare City Water Supply, and the Sturgis Municipal Wells. In 2006, Michigan ranked at fifth in the nation for the highest number of sites on the National Priority List. In 2005, the EPA spent over $21.5 million through the Superfund program for the cleanup of hazardous waste sites in the state. The same year, federal EPA grants awarded to the state included $46.3 million for the state clean water revolving fund and $33.9 million for the drinking water revolving fund.

POPULATION

Michigan ranked eighth in population in the United States with an estimated total of 10,120,860 in 2005, an increase of 1.8% since 2000. Between 1990 and 2000, Michigan's population grew from 9,295,297 to 9,938,444, an increase of 6.9%. The population is projected to reach 10.59 million by 2015 and 10.71 million by 2025. The population density in 2004 was 178.5 persons per sq mi.

Michigan was never inhabited by more than a few thousand Indians. As late as 1810, the non-Indian population of Michigan Territory was only 4,762. The late 1820s marked the start of steady, often spectacular, growth. The population increased from 31,639 people in 1830 to 212,267 in 1840 and 397,654 in 1850. Subsequently, the state's population grew by about 400,000 each decade until 1910, when its population of 2,810,173 ranked eighth among the 46 states. Industrial development sparked a sharp rise in population to 4,842,325 by 1930, pushing Michigan ahead of Massachusetts into seventh place.

In 2004, the median age of Michigan's population was 36.6. In the same year, 25.1% of the on under age 18 while 12.3% was age 65 or older. Approximately half of the state's population is concentrated in the Detroit metropolitan area.

Detroit has always been Michigan's largest city since its founding in 1701, but its growth, like the state's, was slow until well into the 19th century. The city's population grew from 21,019 in 1850 to 285,704 in 1900, when it ranked as the 13th-largest city in the country. Within the next 30 years, the booming automobile industry pushed the city up into fourth place, with a population of 1,568,662 in 1930. Since 1950, when the total reached 1,849,568, Detroit has lost population, dropping to 1,514,063 in 1970, 1,203,369 in 1980 and to 1,028,000 in 1990, when it held seventh place among US cities. The 2004 population was estimated at 900,198, putting Detroit in 11th place. As Detroit lost population, however, many of its suburban areas grew at an even greater rate. The Detroit metropolitan area totaled an estimated 4,493,165 in 2004, up from 4,320,203 in 1995 and 3,950,000 in 1960.

Michigan—Counties, County Seats, and County Areas and Populations
COUNTY	COUNTY SEAT	LAND AREA (SQ MI)	POPULATION (2005 EST.)	COUNTY	COUNTY SEAT	LAND AREA (SQ MI)	POPULATION (2005 EST.)
Alcona	Harrisville	679	11,653	Lake	Balwin	568	12,069
Alger	Munising	912	9,662	Lapeer	Lapeer	658	93,361
Allegan	Allegan	832	113,174	Leelanau	Leland	341	22,157
Alpena	Alpena	568	30,428	Lenawee	Adrian	753	102,033
Antrim	Bellaire	480	24,422	Livingston	Howell	575	181,517
Arenac	Standish	368	17,154	Luce	Newberry	905	6,789
Baraga	L'Anse	901	8,746	Mackinac	St. Ignace	1,025	11,331
Barry	Hastings	560	59,892	Macomb	Mt. Clemens	483	829,453
Bay	Bay City	447	109,029	Manistee	Manistee	543	25,226
Benzie	Beulah	322	17,644	Marquette	Marquette	1,822	64,760
Berrien	St. Joseph	576	162,611	Mason	Ludington	495	28,986
Branch	Coldwater	508	46,460	Mecosta	Big Rapids	560	42,391
Calhoun	Marshall	712	139,191	Menominee	Menominee	1,045	24,996
Cass	Cassopolis	496	51,996	Midland	Midland	525	84,064
Charlevoix	Charlevoix	421	26,722	Missaukee	Lake City	565	15,299
Cheboygan	Cheboygan	720	27,463	Monroe	Monroe	557	153,935
Chippewa	Sault Ste. Marie	1,590	38,780	Montcalm	Stanton	713	63,893
Clare	Harrison	570	31,653	Montmorency	Atlanta	550	10,445
Clinton	St. Johns	573	69,329	Muskegon	Muskegon	507	175,554
Crawford	Grayling	559	15,074	Newaygo	White Cloud	847	50,019
Delta	Escanaba	1,173	38,347	Oakland	Pontiac	875	1,214,361
Dickinson	Iron Mt.	770	28,032	Oceana	Hart	541	28,473
Eaton	Charlotte	579	107,394	Ogemaw	West Branch	569	21,905
Emmet	Petoskey	468	33,580	Ontonagon	Ontonagon	1,311	7,363
Genesee	Flint	642	443,883	Osceola	Reed City	569	23,750
Gladwin	Gladwin	505	27,209	Oscoda	Mio	568	9,298
Gogebic	Bessemer	1,105	16,861	Otsego	Gaylord	516	24,665
Grand Traverse	Traverse City	466	83,971	Ottawa	Grand Haven	567	255,406
Gratiot	Ithaca	570	42,345	Presque Isle	Rogers City	656	14,330
Hillsdale	Hillsdale	603	47,066	Roscommon	Roscomon	528	26,079
Houghton	Houghton	1,014	35,705	Saginaw	Saginaw	815	208,356
Huron	Bad Axe	830	34,640	St. Clair	Port Huron	734	171,426
Ingham	Mason	560	278,592	St. Joseph	Centreville	503	62,984
Ionia	Ionia	577	64,608	Sanilac	Sandusky	964	44,752
Iosco	Tawas City	546	26,992	Schoolcraft	Manistique	1,173	8,819
Iron	Crystal Falls	1,163	12,299	Shiawassee	Corunna	541	72,945
Isabella	Mt. Pleasant	576	65,618	Tuscola	Caro	812	58,428
Jackson	Mackson	705	163,629	Van Buren	Paw Paw	612	78,812
Kalamazoo	Kalamazoo	562	240,536	Washtenaw	Ann Arbor	710	341,847
Kalkaska	Kalkaska	563	17,239	Wayne	Detroit	615	1,998,217
Kent	Grand Rapids	862	596,666	Wexford	Cadillac	566	31,876
Keweenaw	Eagle River	544	2,195	TOTALS		56,959	10,120,860

Other Michigan cities with estimated 2004 populations in excess of 100,000 include Grand Rapids with a population of 195,115; Warren, 136,118; Sterling Heights, 127,476; Flint, 119,716; Lansing (the capital), 116,941; and Ann Arbor, 113,567.

ETHNIC GROUPS

The 2000 census counted about 58,479 American Indians, including Eskimos and Aleuts. Most were scattered across the state, with a small number concentrated on the four federal reservations, comprising 16,635 acres (6,732 hectares). In the 1990s the Ottawa, Ojibwa, and Potawatomi were the principal groups with active tribal organizations. In 2004, 0.6% of the population was American Indian.

In 2000, the black population of Michigan totaled an estimated 1,412,742. In 1980, nearly two-thirds lived in Detroit, where they made up 75.7% of the population, the highest percentage in any US city of 1 million or more. Detroit, which experienced severe race riots in 1943 and 1967, has had a black mayor since 1974. In 2004, 14.3% of the state's residents were black.

The 2000 census found that 523,589 state residents (5.3%) were foreign born, up from 355,393 (3.8%) in 1990. There were 323,877 Hispanics and Latinos living in the state in 2000, of which 220,769 were of Mexican descent. In 2004, 3.7% of the state's population was of Hispanic or Latino origin. The state's Asian population has been increasing: as of 2000, the total number of Asians was 176,510. The census reported 54,631 Asian Indians (up from 18,100 in 1990), 17,377 Filipinos, 33,189 Chinese (up from 17,100 in 1990), 20,886 Koreans, 11,288 Japanese, and 13,673 Vietnam-ese (up from 5,229 in 1990). In 2004, 2.2% of the population was Asian. Pacific Islanders numbered 2,692 in 2000. In 2004, 1.4% of the population reported origin of two or more races.

Although state residents of first- or second-generation European descent are, almost without exception, decreasing in number and proportion, their influence remains great. Detroit continues to have numerous well-defined ethnic neighborhoods, and Hamtramck, a city surrounded by Detroit, is still dominated by its Polish population. Elsewhere in Michigan, Frankenmuth is the site of an annual German festival, and the city of Holland has an annual tulip festival that attracts about 400,000 people each spring. In the upper peninsula, the Finnish culture dominates in rural areas; in the iron and copper mining regions, descendants of immigrants from Cornwall in England, the original mining work force, and persons of Scandinavian background predominate.

LANGUAGES

Before white settlement, Algonkian-language tribes occupied what is now Michigan, with the Menomini and Ojibwa in the upper peninsula and Ottawa on both sides of the Straits of Mackinac. Numerous place-names recall their presence: Michigan itself, Mackinaw City, Petoskey, Kalamazoo, Muskegon, Cheboygan, and Dowagiac.

Except for the huge industrial area in southeastern Michigan, English in the state is remarkably homogeneous in its retention of the major Northern dialect features of upper New York and western New England. Common are such Northern forms as pail, wishbone, darning needle (dragonfly), mouth organ (harmonica), sick to the stomach, quarter to four (3:45), and dove as past tense of dive. Common also are such pronunciations as the /ah/ vowel in fog, frog, and on; the /aw/ vowel in horrid, forest, and orange; creek as /krik/; root and roof with the vowel of put; and greasy with an /s/ sound. Swale (a marsh emptying into a stream) and clock shelf (mantel) are dying Northern words not carried west of Michigan. Pank (to pack down, as of snow) is confined to the upper peninsula, and pasty (meat-filled pastry) is borrowed from Cornish miners and heard in the upper peninsula and a few other areas. A minister is a dominie in the Dutch area around Holland and Zeeland.

Southern blacks have introduced into the southeastern automotive manufacturing areas a regional variety of English that, because it has class connotations in the North, has become a controversial educational concern. Three of its features are perhaps more widely accepted than others: the coalescence of /e/ and /i/ before a nasal consonant, so that pen and pin sound alike; the loss of /r/ after a vowel, so that cart and cot also sound alike; and the lengthening of the first part of the diphthong /ai/, so that time and Tom sound alike, as do ride and rod.

In 2000, 91.6% of the state's population five years old or older spoke only English at home, down from 93.4% in 1990.

The following table gives selected statistics from the 2000 Census for language spoken at home by persons five years old and over. The category "Other Indo-European languages" includes Albanian, Gaelic, Lithuanian, and Rumanian. The category "Other Slavic languages" includes Czech, Slovak, and Ukrainian. The category "Other Asian languages" includes Dravidian languages, Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, and Turkish. The category "Other Indic languages" includes Bengali, Marathi, Punjabi, and Romany.

LANGUAGE	MUMBER	PERCENT
Population 5 years and over	9,268,782	100.0
Speak only English	8,487,401	91.6
Speak a language other than English	781,381	8.4
Speak a language other than English	781,381	8.4
Spanish or Spanish Creole	246,688	2.7
Arabic	75,412	0.8
German	52,366	0.6
Polish	40,372	0.4
French (incl. Patois, Cajun)	38,914	0.4
Other and unspecified languages	32,189	0.3
Italian	30,052	0.3
Other Indo-European languages	27,241	0.3
Chinese	26,955	0.3
Other Slavic languages	14,682	0.2
Other Asian languages	14,611	0.2
Other Indic languages	14,140	0.2
Korean	13,314	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	11,950	0.1
Tagalog	11,917	0.1
Vietnamese	11,776	0.1
Russian	11,701	0.1
Japanese	11,480	0.1
Greek	11,167	0.1

RELIGIONS

The Roman Catholic Church was the only organized religion in Michigan until the 19th century. Detroit's St. Anne's parish, established in 1701, is the second-oldest Catholic parish in the country. In 1810, a Methodist society was organized near Detroit. After the War of 1812, as settlers poured in from the east, Presbyterian, Congregational, Baptist, Episcopal, and Quaker churches were founded. The original French Catholics, reduced to a small minority by the influx of American Protestants, were soon reinforced by the arrival of Catholic immigrants from Germany, Ireland, and, later, from eastern and southern Europe. The Lutheran religion was introduced by German and Scandinavian immigrants; Dutch settlers were affiliated with the Reformed Church in America. The first Jewish congregations were organized in Detroit by German Jews, with a much greater number of eastern European Jews arriving toward the end of the 1800s. The Orthodox Christian Church and the Islamic religion have been introduced by immigrants from the Near East during the 20th century.

Michigan had 2,265,286 Roman Catholics in 2004; with 1,481,866 in the archdiocese of Detroit. Among Protestant denominations, the largest groups are the Missouri Synod Lutherans, with about 244,231 adherents (in 2000), and the United Methodists, with about 171,916 adherents (in 2004). Evangelical Lutherans numbered about 160,836 adherents in 2000. The Christian Reformed Church had about 112,711 members that year and the Presbyterian Church USA had 104,471. The Seventh Day Adventists, who had their world headquarters in Battle Creek from 1855 to 1903, numbered 37,712 in 2000. The Jewish community had about 110,000 members. Over 5.7 million people (about 58% of the population) were not counted as members of any religious organization.

TRANSPORTATION

Because of Michigan's location, its inhabitants have always depended heavily on the Great Lakes for transportation. Not until the 1820s did land transportation systems begin to be developed. Although extensive networks of railroads and highways now reach into all parts of the state, the Great Lakes remain major avenues of commerce.

The first railroad company in the Midwest was chartered in Michigan in 1830, and six years later the Erie and Kalamazoo, operating between Toledo, Ohio, and Adrian, became the first railroad in service west of the Appalachians. Between 1837 and 1845, the state government sought to build three lines across southern Michigan, before abandoning the project and selling the two lines it had partially completed to private companies. The pace of railroad construction lagged behind that in other Midwestern states until After the Civil War. Only then did the combination of federal and state aid, and Michigan's booming economy lead to an enormous expansion in trackage, from fewer than 800 mi (1,300 km) in 1860 to a peak of 9,021 mi (14,518 km) in 1910. With the economic decline of northern Michigan and the resulting drop in railroad revenues, Class I trackage declined to 2,752 rail mi (4,430 km) by 2003, out of a total of 4,495 rail mi (7,236 km) in that year. A total of 23 railroads provided freight service in the state as of 2003, of which four were Class I railroads. The Michigan state government, through the Department of Transportation, has helped to revive the railroad system through its Rail Program. Most railroad passenger service is provided by Amtrak, which as of 2006, provided service to 23 stations in the state, connecting them to Chicago.

Railroads have been used only to a limited degree in the Detroit area as commuter carriers, although efforts have been made to improve this service. In the early 1900s, more than 1,000 mi (1,600 km) of inter-urban rail lines provided rapid transit service in southern Michigan, but automobiles and buses drove them out of business, and the last line shut down in 1934. Street railway service began in a number of cities in the 1860s, with Detroit taking over its street railways in 1922. Use of these public transportation systems declined sharply After World War II. By the 1950s, streetcars had been replaced by buses, but by 1960 many small communities had abandoned city bus service altogether. During the 1970s, with massive government aid, bus service was restored to many cities and was improved in others, and the number of riders generally increased.

As of 2004, the state had 122,382 mi (197,035 km) of roads. Major expressways included I-94 (Detroit to Chicago), I-96 (Detroit to Grand Rapids), and I-75 (from the Ohio border to Sault Ste. Marie). In 2004, there were some 4.632 million registered passenger cars, about 3.613 million trucks of all types, around 10,000 buses, and some 227,000 motorcycles. Licensed drivers numbered 7,103,404 during that same year.

The completion in 1957 of the Mackinac Bridge, the fourth-longest suspension span in the world, eliminated the major barrier to easy movement between the state's two peninsulas. The International Bridge at Sault Ste. Marie, the Blue-Water Bridge at Port Huron, the Ambassador Bridge at Detroit, and the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel link Michigan with Canada.

The opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 made it possible for a large number of oceangoing vessels to dock at Michigan ports. In 2004, the port of Detroit handled 16.858 million tons of cargo making it the 42nd-busiest port in the United States. Other major ports in Michigan that same year were Presque Isle, which handled, 10.134 million tons, while Escanaba handled 6.620 million tons, and the limestone-shipping port of Calcite handled 8.949 million tons. In 2003, waterborne shipments totaled 66.387 million tons.

Michigan was a pioneer in developing air transportation service. The Ford Airport at Dearborn in the 1920s had one of the first air passenger facilities and was the base for some of the first regular airmail service. In 2005, Michigan had a total of 485 public and private-use aviation-related facilities. This included 381 airports, 95 heliports, 2 STOLports (Short Take-Off and Landing), and 7 seaplane bases. The state's major airport is Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport. In 2004, the airport had 17,046,176 enplaned passengers, making it the 11th-busiest airport in the United States.

HISTORY

Indian hunters and fishermen inhabited the region now known as Michigan as early as 9000 bc; these peoples were making use of copper found in the upper peninsula—the first known use of a metal by peoples anywhere in the western hemisphere. Around 1000 bc, their descendants introduced agriculture into southwestern Michigan. In the latter part of the prehistoric era, the Indians appear to have declined in population.

In the early 17th century, when European penetration began, Michigan's lower peninsula was inhabited by tribes of Native Americans who may have moved west of Lake Michigan for temporary periods during periods of war. In the upper peninsula there were small bands of Ojibwa along the St. Marys River and the Lake Michigan shore; in the west, Menomini Indians lived along the present Michigan-Wisconsin border. Both tribes were of Algonkian linguistic stock, as were most Indians who later settled in the area, except for the Winnebago of the Siouan group in the Green Bay region of Lake Michigan, and the Huron of Iroquoian stock in the Georgian Bay area of Canada. In the 1640s, the Huron were nearly wiped out by other Iroquois tribes from New York, and the survivors fled westward with their neighbors to the north, the Ottawa Indians. Eventually, both tribes settled at the Straits of Mackinac before moving to the Detroit area early in the 18th century. During the same period, the Potawatomi and Miami Indians moved from Wisconsin into southern Michigan.

For two centuries After the first Europeans came to Michigan, the Indians remained a vital force in the area's development. They were the source of the furs that the whites traded for, and they also were highly respected as potential allies when war threatened between the rival colonial powers in North America. However, After the War of 1812, when the fur trade declined and the possibility of war receded, the value of the Indians to the white settlers diminished. Between 1795 and 1842, Indian lands in Michigan were ceded to the federal government, and the Huron, Miami, and many Potawatomi were removed from the area. Some Potawatomi were allowed to remain on lands reserved for them, along with most of the Ojibwa and Ottawa Indians in the north.

The first European explorer known to have reached Michigan was a Frenchman, Etienne Brulé, who explored the Sault Ste. Marie area around 1620. Fourteen years later, Jean Nicolet explored the Straits of Mackinac and the southern shore of the upper peninsula en route to Green Bay. Missionary and fur trading posts, to which were later added military forts, were established at Sault Ste. Marie by Father Jacques Marquette in 1668, and then at St. Ignace in 1671. By the 1860s, several temporary posts had been established in the lower peninsula. In 1701, Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac founded a permanent settlement at the site of present-day Detroit.

Detroit and Michigan grew little at first, however, because the rulers of the French colony of New France were obsessed with the fur trade, which did not attract large numbers of settlers. After France's defeat in the French and Indian War, fears that the British would turn the area over to English farmers from the coastal colonies, with the consequent destruction of the Indian way of life, led the Indians at Detroit to rebel in May 1763, under the leadership of the Ottawa chief Pontiac. Other uprisings resulting from similar grievances soon spread throughout the west but ended in failure for the Indians. Pontiac gave up his siege of Detroit after six months, and by 1764 the British were in firm control. Nevertheless, the British authorities did not attempt to settle the area. The need to protect the fur trade placed the people of Michigan solidly on the British side during the American Revolution, since a rebel triumph would likely mean the migration of American farmers into the west, converting the wilderness to cropland. The British occupied Michigan and other western areas for 13 years after the Treaty of Paris in 1783 had assigned these territories to the new United States. The US finally got possession of Michigan in the summer of 1796.

Michigan became a center of action in the War of 1812. The capture of Detroit by the British on 16 August 1812 was a crushing defeat for the Americans. Although Detroit was recaptured by the Americans in September 1813, continued British occupation of the fort on Mackinac Island, which they had captured in 1812, enabled them to control most of Michigan. The territory was finally returned to American authority under the terms of the Treaty of Ghent at the end of 1814. With the opening in 1825 of the Erie Canal, which provided a cheap, all-water link between Michigan and New York City, American pioneers turned their attention to these northern areas, and during the 1820s settlers for the first time pushed into the interior of southern Michigan.

Originally part of the Northwest Territory, Michigan had been set aside in 1805 as a separate territory, but with boundaries considerably different from those of the subsequent state. On the south, the territory's boundary was a line set due east from the southernmost point of Lake Michigan; on the north, only the eastern tip of the upper peninsula was included. In 1818 and 1834, areas as far west as Iowa and the Dakotas were added to the territory for administrative purposes. By 1833, Michigan had attained a population of 60,000, qualifying it for statehood. The territorial government's request in 1834 that Michigan be admitted to the Union was rejected by Congress, however, because of a dispute over Michigan's southern boundary. When Indiana became a state in 1816, it had been given a 10-mi (16-km) strip of land in southwestern Michigan, and Michigan now refused to accede to Ohio's claim that it should be awarded lands in southeastern Michigan, including the present site of Toledo. In 1835, Michigan militia defeated the efforts of Ohio authorities to take over the disputed area during the so-called Toledo War, in which no one was killed. Nevertheless, Ohio's superior political power in Congress ultimately forced Michigan to agree to relinquish the Toledo Strip. In return, Congress approved the state government that the people of Michigan had set up in 1835. As part of the compromise that finally brought Michigan into the Union on 26 January 1837, the new state was given land in the upper peninsula west of St. Ignace as compensation for the loss of Toledo.

Youthful Stevens T. Mason, who had led the drive for statehood, became Michigan's first elected governor, but he and the Democratic Party fell out of grace when the new state was plunged into financial difficulties during the depression of the late 1830s. The party soon returned to power and controlled the state until the mid-1850s. In Michigan, as elsewhere, it was the slavery issue that ended Democratic dominance. In July 1854, antislavery Democrats joined with members of the Whig and Free-Soil parties at a convention in Jackson to organize the Republican Party. In the elections of 1854, the Republicans swept into office in Michigan, controlling the state, with rare exceptions, until the 1930s.

Abraham Lincoln was not the first choice of Michigan Republicans for president in 1860, but when he was nominated, they gave him a solid margin of victory that fall and again in 1864. Approximately 90,000 Michigan men served in the Union army, taking part in all major actions of the Civil War. Michigan's Zachariah Chandler was one of the leaders of the Radical Republicans in the US Senate who fought for a harsh policy toward the South during Reconstruction.

Michigan grew rapidly in economic importance. Agriculture sparked the initial growth of the new state and was responsible for its rapid increase in population. By 1850, the southern half of the lower peninsula was filling up, with probably 85% of the state's population dependent in some way on agriculture for a living. Less than two decades later, exploitation of vast pine forests in northern Michigan had made the state the top lumber producer in the United States. Settlers were also attracted to the same area by the discovery of rich mineral deposits, which made Michigan for a time the nation's leading source of iron ore, copper, and salt.

Toward the end of the 19th century, as timber resources were being exhausted and as farming and mining reached their peak stages of development, new opportunities in manufacturing opened up. Such well-known Michigan companies as Kellogg, Dow Chemical, and Upjohn had their origins during this period. The furniture industry in Grand Rapids, the paper industry in Kalamazoo, and numerous other industries were in themselves sufficient to ensure the state's increasing industrial importance. But the sudden popularity of Ransom E. Olds's Oldsmobile runabout, manufactured first in Lansing, inspired a host of Michiganians to produce similar practical, relatively inexpensive automobiles. By 1904, the most successful of the new models, Detroit's Cadillac and the first Fords, together with the Oldsmobile, had made Michigan the leading automobile producer in the country—and, later, in the world. The key developments in Michigan's auto industry were the creation of General Motors by William C. Durant in 1908; Henry Ford's development of the Model T in 1908, followed by his institution of the moving assembly line in 1913–14; and Walter P. Chrysler's 1925 formation of the automobile corporation named after him.

Industrialization brought with it urbanization; the census of 1920 for the first time showed a majority of Michiganians living in towns and cities. Nearly all industrial development was concentrated in the southern third of the state, particularly the southeastern area, around Detroit. The northern two-thirds of the state, where nothing took up the slack left by the decline in lumber and mining output, steadily lost population and became increasingly troubled economically. Meanwhile, the Republican Party, under such progressive governors as Fred Warner and Chase Osborn—and, in the 1920s, under a brilliant administrator, Alexander Groesbeck—showed itself far better able than the Democratic opposition to adjust to the complexities of a booming industrial economy.

The onset of the depression of the 1930s had devastating effects in Michigan. The market for automobiles collapsed; by 1932, half of Michigan's industrial workers were unemployed. The ineffectiveness of the Republican state and federal governments during the crisis led to a landslide victory for the Democrats. In traditionally Republican areas of rural Michigan, the defection to the Democratic Party in 1932 was only temporary, but in the urban industrial areas, the faith of the factory workers in the Republican Party was, for the great majority, permanently shaken. These workers, driven by the desire for greater job security, joined the recruiting campaign launched by the new Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). By 1941, with the capitulation of Ford Motor, the United Automobile Workers (UAW) had organized the entire auto industry, and Michigan had been converted to a strongly pro-union state.

Eventually, the liberal leadership of the UAW and of other CIO unions in the state allied itself with the Democratic Party to provide the funds and organization the party needed to mobilize worker support. The coalition elected G. Mennen Williams governor in 1948 and reelected him for five successive two-year terms. By the mid-1950s, the Democrats controlled virtually all statewide elective offices. Because legislative apportionment still reflected an earlier distribution of population, however, the Republicans maintained their control of the legislature and frustrated the efforts of the Williams administration to institute social reforms. In the 1960s, as a result of US Supreme Court rulings, the legislature was reapportioned on a strictly equal-population basis. This shifted a majority of legislative seats into urban areas, enabling the Democrats generally to control the legislature at that time.

In the meantime, Republican moderates, led by George Romney, gained control of their party's organization. Romney was elected governor in 1962 and served until 1969, when he was succeeded by William G. Milliken, who held the governorship for 14 years. When Milliken chose not to run in the 1982 election, the statehouse was captured by the Democrats, ending 20 years of Republican rule. The new governor, James J. Blanchard, faced the immediate tasks of saving Michigan from bankruptcy and reducing the unemployment rate, which had averaged more than 15% in 1982 (60% above the US average).

The nationwide recession of the early 1980s hit Michigan harder than most other states because of its effect on the auto industry, which had already suffered heavy losses primarily as a result of its own inability to foresee the demise of the big luxury cars and because of the increasing share of the American auto market captured by foreign, mostly Japanese, manufacturers. In 1979, Chrysler had been forced to obtain $1.2 billion in federally guaranteed loans to stave off bankruptcy, and during the late 1970s and the first two years of the 1980s, US automakers were forced to lay off hundreds of thousands of workers, tens of thousands of whom left the state. Many smaller businesses, dependent on the auto industry, closed their doors, adding to the unemployment problem and to the state's fiscal problem; as the tax base shrank, state revenues plummeted, creating a budget deficit of nearly $1 billion. Two months after he took office in January 1983, Governor Blanchard was forced to institute budget cuts totaling $225 million and lay off thousands of government workers; at his urging, the state legislature increased Michigan's income tax by 38%.

As the recession eased in 1983, Michigan's economy showed some signs of improvement. The automakers became profitable, and Chrysler was even able to repay its $1.2 billion in loans seven years before it was due, rehire 100,000 workers, and make plans to build a $500-million technological center in the northern Detroit suburb of Auburn Hills. By May 1984, Michigan's unemployment rate had begun to drop, but the state faced the difficult task of restructuring its economy to lessen its dependence on the auto industry.

By the late 1980s, there were signs that Michigan had succeeded in diversifying its economy. Fewer than one in four wage earners worked in factories in 1988, a drop from 30% in 1978. Despite continued layoffs and plant closings by auto manufacturers between 1982 and 1988, Michigan added half a million more jobs than it lost. Many of the new jobs were in small engineering and applied technology companies, which found opportunities in the big manufacturers' efforts to automate. The state established a $100-million job retraining program to upgrade the skills of displaced factory workers, and contributed $5 million to a joint job training program created by General Motors and the United Automobile Workers. In the mid-1990s, the manufacture of transportation equipment was still Michigan's most important industry, with 28% of domestic automobiles produced in the state. Employment, wages, exports, and housing starts were all on the rise.

In the late 1990s prosperity across the nation had boosted Americans' appetite for new automobiles, including gas-guzzling sports utility vehicles. Combined with sales of other light trucks, SUVs bolstered the Big Three, now leaner and more competitive than in the pre-recession era. In 1998 Chrysler Corporation merged with German-based Daimler-Benz to form DaimlerChrysler, with headquarters in Michigan and Germany. Construction in the state was boosted by numerous road improvement projects during the late 1990s, a new Northwest Airlines terminal at Detroit Metropolitan Airport, voter-approved casinos in Detroit, and demand for new housing. In 1999, the robust economy had resulted in a low unemployment rate of 3.8%. In 2000 the state led the nation in home ownership, exceeding the national average by as much as 10%.

Republican governor John Engler, first elected in 1990 and winning his third term in 1998, aggressively courted business during his administration. He was criticized by some for doing so at the expense of the state's environment. Engler had also, early on, garnered intense opposition to his plan to cut the state's welfare role. Nevertheless, he continued to be reelected. Among the state's challenges in 2000 were education reform (and the question of school vouchers), preserving farmlands in the face of development and urban sprawl, and, in conjunction with neighboring states and Canada, further cleanup and conservation of the Great Lakes system.

In 2002, Jennifer Granholm was elected Michigan's first female governor and the first Democrat to win the office since John Engler took office. In 2003, Granholm pledged to balance the state's budget (the state had a $1.8 billion deficit for fiscal year 2003/04), planned to create a corridor to attract technology companies to Michigan (particularly in the biotech and pharmaceutical sectors), to support Education, and to purchase prescription drugs in bulk. In 2005, Granholm announced a plan (the MI Opportunity Partnership) to fill 90,000 job vacancies. The plan allows for job training to place out-of-work citizens in such needed positions as health care and the skilled trades.

Michigan was one of the states affected by the 14 August 2003 massive power blackout in Canada, the Northeast, and Midwestern states. The largest electrical outage in US history affected 9,300 square miles and a population of over 50 million.

STATE GOVERNMENT

Michigan has had four constitutions. The first, adopted in 1835 when Michigan was applying for statehood, was followed by constitutions adopted in 1850, 1908, and 1963. By January 2005, there were 25 amendments.

The legislature consists of a Senate of 38 members, elected for terms of four years, and a House of Representatives of 110 members, elected for two-year terms. The legislature meets annually, beginning the second Wednesday of January, for a session of indeterminate length. Special sessions may only be called by the governor. Legislation may be adopted by a majority of each house, but to override a governor's veto a two-thirds vote of the elected and serving members of each house is required. A legislator must be at least 21 years old, a US citizen, and a qualified voter of the district in which he or she resides. The legislative salary was $79,650 in 2004.

Elected executive officials include the governor and lieutenant governor (who run jointly), secretary of state, and attorney general, all serving four-year terms. Elections are held in even-numbered years between US presidential elections. The governor and lieutenant governor must be at least 30 years old and must have been registered voters in the state for at least four years prior to election. As of December 2004, the governor's salary was $177,000. The governor, who is limited to serving two consecutive terms, appoints the members of the governing boards and/or directors of executive departments, with the exception of the Department of Education, whose head is appointed by the elected State Board of Education. The trustees of Michigan State University, the University of Michigan, and Wayne State University are also elected by the state's voters. Trustees serve eight-year terms.

Michigan Presidential Vote by Political Parties, 1948–2004
YEAR	ELECTORAL VOTE	MICHIGAN WINNER	DEMOCRAT	REPUBLICAN	PROGRESSIVE	SOCIALIST	PROHIBION
*Won US presidential election
1948	19	Dewey (R)	1,003,448	1,038,898	46,515	6,063	13,052
						SOC. WORKERS
1952	20	*Eisenhower (R)	1,230,657	1,551,529	3,922	655	10,331
1956	20	*Eisenhower (R)	1,359,898	1,713,647	—	—	6,923
					SOC. LABOR
1960	20	*Kennedy (D)	1,687,269	1,620,428	1,718	4,347	2,029
1964	21	*Johnson (D)	2,136,615	1,060,152	1,704	3,817	—
							AMERICAN IND.
1968	21	Humphrey (D)	1,593,082	1,370,665	1,762	4,099	331,968
							AMERICAN
1972	21	*Nixon	1,459,435	1,961,721	2,437	1,603	63,321
					PEOPLE'S		LIBERTABIAN
1976	21	Ford (R)	1,696,714	1,893,742	3,504	1,804	5,406
					CITIZENS	COMMUNIST
1980	21	*Reagan (R)	1,661,532	1,915,225	11,930	3,262	41,597
1984	20	*Reagan (R)	1,529,638	2,251,571	1,191	—	10,055
					NEW ALLIANCE	WORKERS LEAGUE
1988	20	*Bush (R)	1,675,783	1,965,486,	2,513	1,958	18,336
					IND. (Perot)	TISCH IND. CITIZENS
1922	18	*Clinton (D)	1,871,182	1,554,940	824,813	8,263	10,175
1996	18	*Clinton (D)	1,989,653	1,48,212	336,670	—	27,670
						GREEN
2000	18	Gore (D)	2,170,418	1,953,139	—	84,165	16,711
					IND. (Nader)
2004	17	Kerry (D)	2,479,183	2,313,746	24,035	5,035	10,552

Legislative action is completed when a bill has been passed by both houses of the legislature and signed by the governor. A bill also becomes law if not signed by the governor after a 14-day period when the legislature is in session. The governor may stop passage of a bill by vetoing it or, if the legislature adjourns before the 14-day period expires, by refusing to sign it.

The constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the legislature and a majority vote at the next general election. An amendment also may be proposed by registered voters through petition and submission to the general electorate; the petition must be signed by 10% of total voters for all candidates at the last gubernatorial election. Every 16 years, the question of calling a convention to revise the constitution must be submitted to the voters; the question was first put on the ballot in 1978 and was rejected.

A voter in Michigan must be a US citizen, at least 18 years old, and must have been a resident of the state and city or township for 30 days prior to election day. Those confined to jail after conviction and sentencing are ineligible to vote, but convicted felons may vote after completing their entire sentence, including parole and probation.

POLITICAL PARTIES

From its birth in 1854 through 1932, the Republican Party dominated state politics, rarely losing statewide elections and developing strong support in all parts of the state, both rural and urban. The problems caused by the economic depression of the 1930s revitalized the Democratic Party and made Michigan a strong two-party state. Democratic strength was concentrated in metropolitan Detroit, while Republicans maintained their greatest strength in "outstate" areas, except for the mining regions of the upper peninsula, where the working class, hit hard by the depression, supported the Democrats.

Most labor organizations, led by the powerful United Automobile Workers union, have generally supported the Democratic Party since the 1930s. But in recent years, moderate Republicans have had considerable success in attracting support among previously Democratic voters.

Among minor parties, only Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party, which captured the state's electoral vote in 1912, has succeeded in winning a statewide contest. George Wallace captured 10% of the total vote cast for president in 1968; Ross Perot almost doubled that showing in 1992 with 19% of the vote.

Between 1948 and 1992, the Republican candidate for president carried Michigan in nine out of 13 elections, but Michiganians gave Democrat Bill Clinton 44% of the vote in 1992 and 52% in 1996. In 2000, Democrat Al Gore received 51% of the presidential vote to Republican George W. Bush's 47%. Green Party candidate Ralph Nader won 2%. In 2004, Democratic challenger John Kerry won 51% of the vote to Bush's 48%. The state had 17 electoral votes in the 2004 presidential election, a decrease of 1 over 2000.

Republican governor John Engler served three terms as governor, ending in January 2003. (Michigan limits its governors to serving two consecutive terms, but the law became effective after Engler's election, so he was grandfathered.) In November 2002, Democrat Jennifer Granholm became Michigan's first female governor. In 2004 there were 7,164,000 registered voters; there is no party registration in the state.

Four-term Democratic Senator Carl Levin was reelected in 2002. Republican Spencer Abraham was elected to the Senate in 1994, replacing retiring Democrat Donald Riegel. Abraham sought a second term in 2000, but failed to win reelection. He was named President George W. Bush's Secretary of Energy in 2001. Democrat Debbie Stabenow, Michigan's first female US senator, defeated Abraham in 2000 for the Senate seat. After the 2004 elections, the state's 15-member US House delegation consisted of six Democrats and nine Republicans. On the state level, in mid-2005 there were 22 Republicans and 16 Democrats in the state Senate, and 58 Republicans and 52 Democrats in the House.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

In 2005, local government included 83 counties, 533 municipal governments, 734 public school districts, and 366 special districts. In 2002, there were also 1,242 townships. Each county is administered by a county board of commissioners whose members, ranging in number from 3 to 35 according to population, are elected for two-year terms. Executive authority is vested in officers (the sheriff, prosecuting attorney, treasurer, clerk, and register of deeds), who are generally elected for four-year terms. Some counties place overall administrative responsibility in the hands of a county manager or administrator.

Most cities are governed by home-rule legislation, adopted in 1909, enabling them to establish their own form of government under an adopted charter. Some charters provide for the election of a mayor, who usually functions as the chief executive officer of the city. Other cities have chosen the council-manager system, with a council appointing the manager to serve as chief executive and the office of mayor being largely ceremonial. Many villages are incorporated under home-rule legislation in order to provide services such as police and fire protection.

Township government, its powers strictly limited by state law, consists of a supervisor, clerk, treasurer, and up to four trustees, all elected for four-year terms and together forming the township board.

In 2005, local government accounted for about 363,776 fulltime (or equivalent) employment positions.

STATE SERVICES

To address the continuing threat of terrorism and to work with the federal Department of Homeland Security, homeland security in Michigan operates under the authority of the executive order; the state emergency management director is designated as the state homeland security advisor.

Educational services are handled in part by the Department of Education, which distributes state school-aid funds, certifies teachers, and operates the Schools for the Deaf and Blind at Flint. The state-supported colleges and universities are independent of the department's control, each being governed by an elected or appointed board. Although most of the funds administered by the Department of Transportation go for highway construction and maintenance, some allocations support improvements of railroad, bus, ferry, air, and port services.

Health and welfare services are provided by the Department of Community Health and the Department of Civil Rights, as well as through programs administered by the Department of Labor and Economic Growth, the Office of Services to the Aging, the Department of Environmental Quality, the Michigan Women's Commission, the Spanish-Speaking Affairs Commission, and the Veterans Trust Fund. The state's Army and Air National Guard units are maintained by the Department of Military and Veterans Affairs. Civil defense is part of the Department of State Police, and state prisons and other correctional facilities are maintained by the Department of Corrections.

Housing services are provided by the State Housing Development Authority. The Department of Labor and Economic Growth establishes and enforces rules and standards relating to safety, wages, licenses, fees, and conditions of employment. The Employment Security Commission administers unemployment benefits and assists job seekers.

JUDICIAL SYSTEM

Michigan's highest court is the state supreme court, consisting of seven justices elected for eight-year terms. The chief justice is elected by the members of the court. The court hears cases on appeal from lower state courts and also administers the state's entire court system. The 1963 constitution provided for an 18-member court of appeals to handle most of the cases that previously had clogged the high court's calendar. Unless the supreme court agrees to review a court of appeals ruling, the latter's decision is final. As of 1999, 28 appeals court justices are elected from each of four districts for six-year terms. The supreme court appoints a chief judge of the appeals court.

The major trial courts in the state as of 1999 were the circuit courts, encompassing 210 judicial seats, with the judges elected for six-year terms. The circuit courts have original jurisdiction in all felony criminal cases, civil cases involving sums of more than $10,000, and divorces. As of January 1998, the circuit courts have a "family" division to better serve families and individuals. The circuit courts also hear appeals from lower courts and state administrative agencies. Probate courts have original jurisdiction in cases involving juveniles and dependents, and also handle wills and estates, adoptions, and commitments of the mentally ill. The 1963 constitution provided for the abolition of justice-of-the-peace courts and nearly all municipal courts, although the Detroit "Recorders Court" was not abolished until 1996 in a controversial move supported by the Republican governor and legislative majority but opposed by most Democratic leaders. To replace them, 101 district courts, some consisting of two or more divisions, have been established. These courts handle civil cases involving sums of less than $10,000, minor criminal violations, and preliminary examinations in all felony cases.

As of 31 December 2004, a total of 48,883 prisoners were held in Michigan's state and federal prisons, a decrease from 49,358 of 1% from the previous year. As of year-end 2004, a total of 2,113 inmates were female, up from 2,198 or 1.5% from the year before. Among sentenced prisoners (one year or more), Michigan had an incarceration rate of 483 per 100,000 population in 2004.

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Michigan in 2004, had a violent crime rate (murder/nonnegligent manslaughter; forcible rape; robbery; aggravated assault) of 490.2 reported incidents per 100,000 population, or a total of 49,577 reported incidents. Crimes against property (burglary; larceny/theft; and motor vehicle theft) in that same year totaled 309,208 reported incidents or 3,057.6 reported incidents per 100,000 people. Michigan has had no death penalty on its law books since 1846, when it became the first state in the United States to abolish capital punishment. Although there have been efforts to restore the death penalty, none of these attempts had been successful as of 2006.

In 2003, Michigan spent $226,349,928 on homeland security, an average of $23 per state resident.

ARMED FORCES

In 2004, there 4,419 active-duty military personnel, 11,373 Guard, National Guard, and Reserve, and 3,572 civilian personnel in Michigan. The Detroit Arsenal at Warren is the state's largest center for civilians, 3,009. In 2004 Michigan firms received over $2.6 billion in defense contracts, and $1.2 billion in defense payroll, including retired military pay.

As of 2003, there were 836,950 veterans of US military service living in Michigan. Of these, 124,006 served in World War II; 98,681 served in the Korean conflict; 264,267 served during the Vietnam era, and 110,061 served in the Gulf War. Expenditures on veterans exceeded $1.4 billion in 2004.

As of 31 October 2004, the Michigan State Police employed 1,591 full-time sworn officers.

MIGRATION

The earliest European immigrants were the French and English. The successive opening of interior lands for farming, lumbering, mining, and manufacturing proved an irresistible attraction for hundreds of thousands of immigrants after the War of 1812, principally Germans, Canadians, English, Irish, and Dutch. During the second half of the 19th century, lumbering and mining opportunities in northern Michigan attracted large numbers of Cornishmen, Norwegians, Swedes, and Finns. The growth of manufacturing in southern Michigan at the end of the century brought many Poles, Italians, Russians, Belgians, and Greeks to the state. After World War II, many more Europeans immigrated to Michigan, plus smaller groups of Mexicans, other Spanish-speaking peoples from Latin America, and large numbers of Arabic-speaking peoples, particularly in Detroit, who by the late 1970s were more numerous there than in any other US city.

The first large domestic migration into Michigan came in the early 19th century after the War of 1812. Heavy immigration took place in the 1920s and 1930s, especially from northeastern states, particularly New York and Pennsylvania, and from Ohio. Beginning in 1916, the demand for labor in Michigan's factories started the second major domestic migration to Michigan, this time by southern blacks who settled mainly in Detroit, Flint, Pontiac, Grand Rapids, and Saginaw. During World War II, many southern whites migrated to the same industrial areas. Between 1940 and 1970, a net total of 518,000 migrants were drawn to Michigan. The economic problems of the auto industry in the 1970s and 1980s caused a significant reversal of this trend, with the state suffering a net loss of 496,000 by out-migration in the 1970s and over 460,000 in the 1980s. Between 1990 and 1998, Michigan had a net loss of 190,000 in domestic migration and a net gain of 87,000 in international migration. In 1996, Michigan's foreign-born population totaled 491,000, or 5% of its total population. In 1998, 13,943 foreign immigrants entered the state, the 11th-highest total for any state that year. Michigan's overall population increased 5.6% between 1990 and 1998. In the period 2000–05, net international migration was 122,901 and net internal migration was −165,084, for a net loss of 42,183 people.

Intrastate migration has been characterized since the late 19th century by a steady movement from rural to urban areas. Most parts of northern Michigan have suffered a loss of population since the early years of this century although a back-to-the-land movement, together with the growth of rural Michigan as a retirement area, appeared to reverse this trend beginning in the 1970s. Since 1950, the central cities have experienced a steady loss of population to the suburbs, in part caused by the migration of whites from areas that were becoming increasingly black. By 1998, Michigan's black population numbered 1,405,000, of whom over 1,100,000 lived in the Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint metropolitan area.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION

The Commission on Intergovernmental Cooperation of the Michigan legislature represents the state in dealings with the Council of State Governments and its allied organizations. Since 1935, the state has joined more than 20 interstate compacts, dealing mainly with such subjects as gas and oil problems, law enforcement, pest control, civil defense, tax reciprocity, and water resources. Com-pacts include the Boundary Compact Between Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan; Interstate Compact for Juveniles, and the Great Lakes Commission. In 1985, Michigan, seven other Great Lakes states, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario signed the Great Lakes Charter, designed to protect the lakes' water resources.

The International Bridge Authority, consisting of members from Michigan and Canada, operates a toll bridge connecting Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Federal grants to Michigan totaled $10.355 billion in fiscal year 2005, an estimated $10.078 billion in fiscal year 2006, and an estimated $10.210 billion in fiscal year 2007.

ECONOMY

On the whole, Michigan benefited from its position as the center of the auto industry during the first half of the 20th century when Detroit and other south Michigan cities were the fastest-growing industrial areas in the United States. But the state's dependence on automobile production has caused grave and persistent economic problems since the 1950s. Michigan's unemployment rates in times of recession have far exceeded the national average, since auto sales are among the hardest hit in such periods. Even in times of general prosperity, the auto industry's emphasis on labor-saving techniques and its shifting of operation from the state have reduced the number of jobs available to Michigan workers. Although the state was relatively prosperous during the record automotive production years of the 1960s and 1970s, the high cost of gasoline and the encroachment of imports on domestic car sales had disastrous effects by 1980, when it became apparent that the state's future economic health required greater diversification of industry. Agriculture, still dominant in the rural areas of southern Michigan, remains an important element in the state's economy, and in northern Michigan, forestry and mining continue but generally at levels far below earlier boom periods. Output from manufactures peaked in 1999 at close to $84 billion, about 27% of gross state product, but in 2001, after an 11.85% fall from 2000 levels, manufacturing output accounted for only 23.1% of gross state product. By contrast, services of various sorts accounted for over 70% of total output in 2001. In 2002, Michigan lagged the national economy, and was not expected to recover in the short-term, while it manufacturing sector goes through restructuring.

Michigan's gross state product (GSP) in 2004 totaled $372.169 billion, of which manufacturing (durable and nondurable goods) accounted for the largest portion at $76.261 billion or 20.4% of GSP, followed by the real estate sector at $42.930 (11.5% of GSP), and professional and technical services at $28.977 billion (7.7% of GSP). In that same year, there were an estimated 765,487 small businesses in Michigan. Of the 213,104 businesses that had employees, an estimated total of 209,751 or 98.4% were small companies. An estimated 24,625 new businesses were established in the state in 2004, up 11.8% from the year before. Business terminations that same year came to 24,584, down 0.7% from 2003. There were 681 business bankruptcies in 2004, down 0.4% from the previous year. In 2005, the state's personal bankruptcy (Chapter 7 and Chapter 13) filing rate was 618 filings per 100,000 people, ranking Michigan as the 18th highest in the nation.

INCOME

In 2005 Michigan had a gross state product (GSP) of $378 billion which accounted for 3.0% of the nation's gross domestic product and placed the state at number 9 in highest GSP among the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2004 Michigan had a per capita personal income (PCPI) of $32,079. This ranked 23rd in the United States and was 97% of the national average of $33,050. The 1994–2004 average annual growth rate of PCPI was 3.5%. Michigan had a total personal income (TPI) of $324,134,088,000, which ranked ninth in the United States and reflected an increase of 1.8% from 2003. The 1994–2004 average annual growth rate of TPI was 4.1%. Earnings of persons employed in Michigan increased from $251,820,728,000 in 2003 to $254,041,008,000 in 2004, an increase of 0.9%. The 2003–04 national change was 6.3%.

The US Census Bureau reports that the three-year average median household income for 2002 to 2004 in 2004 dollars was $44,476 compared to a national average of $44,473. During the same period an estimated 12.1% of the population was below the poverty line as compared to 12.4% nationwide.

LABOR

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), in April 2006 the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force in Michigan numbered 5,157,600, with approximately 369,500 workers unemployed, yielding an unemployment rate of 7.2%, compared to the national average of 4.7% for the same period. Preliminary data for the same period placed nonfarm employment at 4,387,200. Since the beginning of the BLS data series in 1976, the highest unemployment rate recorded in Michigan was 16.9% in November 1982. The historical low was 3.2% in March 2000. Preliminary nonfarm employment data by occupation for April 2006 showed that approximately 4.3% of the labor force was employed in construction; 15% in manufacturing; 18.1% in trade, transportation, and public utilities; 5% in financial activities; 13.6% in professional and business services; 13% in education and health services; 9.4% in leisure and hospitality services; and 15.3% in government.

Michigan's most powerful and influential industrial union since the 1930s has been the United Automobile Workers (UAW); its national headquarters is in Detroit. Under its long-time president Walter Reuther and his successors, Leonard Woodcock, Douglas Fraser, Owen Bieber, and Stephen Yokich, the union has been a dominant force in the state Democratic Party. In recent years, as government employees and teachers have been organized, unions and associations representing these groups have become increasingly influential. Under the Michigan Public Employment Relations Act of 1965, public employees have the right to organize and to engage in collective bargaining, but are prohibited from striking. However, strikes of teachers, college faculty members, and government employees have been common since the 1960s, and little or no effort was made to enforce the law.

Certain crafts and trades were organized in Michigan in the 19th century, with one national labor union, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, having been founded at meetings in Michigan in 1863, but efforts to organize workers in the lumber and mining industries were generally unsuccessful. Michigan ac-quired a reputation as an open-shop state, and factory workers showed little interest in unions at a time when wages were high. But the catastrophic impact of the depression of the 1930s completely changed these attitudes. With the support of sympathetic state and federal government officials, Michigan workers were in the forefront of the greatest labor-organizing drive in American history. The successful sit-down strike by the United Automobile Workers against General Motors in 1936–37 marked the first major victory of the new Congress of Industrial Organizations. Since then, a strong labor movement has provided manufacturing workers in Michigan with some of the most favorable working conditions in the country.

The US Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that in 2005, a total of 880,000 of Michigan's 4,288,000 employed wage and salary workers were formal members of a union. This represented 20.5% of those so employed, down from 21.6% in 2004, but well above the national average of 12%. Overall in 2005, a total of 916,000 workers (21.4%) in Michigan were covered by a union or employee association contract, which includes those workers who reported no union affiliation. Michigan is one of only five states whose union membership rate is over 20% and is one of 28 states that does not have a right-to-work law.

As of 1 March 2006, Michigan had a state-mandated minimum wage rate of $5.15 per hour. In 2004, women in the state accounted for 47% of the employed civilian labor force.

AGRICULTURE

In 2005, Michigan's agricultural income was estimated at over $3.9 billion, placing Michigan 22nd among the 50 states. About 60% came from crops and the rest from livestock and livestock products; dairy products, nursery products, cattle, corn, and soybeans were the principal commodities. The state in 2004 ranked second in output of tart cherries, third in apples, and fourth in prunes and plums.

The growing of corn and other crops indigenous to North America was introduced in Michigan by the Indians around 100 bc, and early French settlers tried to develop European-style agriculture during the colonial era. But little progress was made until well into the 19th century, when farmers from New York and New England poured into the interior of southern Michigan. By mid-century, 34,000 farms had been established, and the number increased to a peak of about 207,000 in 1910. The major cash crop at first was wheat, until soil exhaustion, insect infestations, bad winters, and competition from huge wheat farms to the west forced a de-emphasis on wheat and a move toward agricultural diversity. Both the number of farms and the amount of farm acreage had declined by 2004 to 53,200 farms and 10,100,000 acres (4,088,000 hectares).

The southern half of the lower peninsula is the principal agricultural region, and the area along Lake Michigan is a leader in fruit growing. Potatoes are profitable in northern Michigan, while eastern Michigan (the "Thumb" area near Lake Huron) is a leading bean producer. The Saginaw Valley leads the state in sugar beets. The south-central and southeastern counties are major centers of soybean production. Leading field crops in 2004 included 257,280,000 bushels of corn for grain, valued at $463,104,000; 75,240,000 bushels of soybeans, worth $379,962,000; and 40,960,000 bushels of wheat, worth $122,880,000. Output of commercial apples totaled 720,000,000 lb (327,000,000 kg).

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

The same areas of southern Michigan that lead in crop production also lead in livestock and livestock products, except that the northern counties are more favorable for dairying than for crop production.

In 2005, there were an estimated 1,010,000 cattle and calves, valued at $1.07 billion. The state had an estimated 940,000 hogs and pigs in 2004, valued at $103.4 million.

In 2003, dairy farmers had an estimated 302,000 milk cows which produced around 6.36 million lb (2.89 million kg) of milk. Poultry farmers produced 1.89 billion eggs, valued at around $93.7 million, in 2003.

FISHING

Commercial fishing, once an important factor in the state's economy, was relatively minor by the early 2000s. In 2004, the commercial catch was 8.4 million lb (3.8 million kg) valued at $6.2 million. Principal species landed are silver salmon and alewives.

Sport fishing continues to flourish and is one of the state's major tourist attractions. A state salmon-planting program, begun in the mid-1960s, has made salmon the most popular game fish for Great Lakes sport fishermen. The state has also sought, through breeding and stocking programs, to bring back the trout, which was devastated by an invasion of lamprey. In 2004, the state issued 1,171,742 sport fishing licenses.

A bitter dispute raged during the 1970s between state officials and Ottawa and Ojibwa commercial fishermen, who claimed that Indian treaties with the federal government exempted them from state fishing regulations. The state contended that without such regulations, Indian commercial fishing would have a devastating impact on the northern Great Lakes' fish population. A federal court in 1979 upheld the Indians' contention; but in 1985, the state secured federal court approval of a compromise settlement intended to satisfy both Indian and non-Indian groups.

There are three national fisheries in Michigan. In 2005/06, $9.5 million of federal funds were allocated for sport fish restoration projects in Michigan.

FORESTRY

In 2004, Michigan's forestland totaled 19.3 million acres (7.8 million hectares), or more than half the state's total land area. Approximately 96% of it is classified as timberland, about two-thirds of it privately owned. The major forested regions are in the northern two-thirds of the state, where great pine forests enabled Michigan to become the leading lumber-producing state in the last four decades of the 19th century. These cutover lands regenerated naturally or were reforested in the 20th century. Lumber production was 844 million board feet in 2004.

State and national forests covered 6.9 million acres (2.8 million hectares), or about one-fifth of the state's land area.

MINING

According to preliminary data from the US Geological Survey (USGS), the estimated value of nonfuel mineral production by Michigan in 2003 was $1.35 billion, a decrease from 2002 of about 9%. The USGS data ranked Michigan as seventh among the 50 states by the total value of its nonfuel mineral production, accounting for around 3.5% of total US output.

Although Michigan in 2003 was the second-largest iron ore producing state in the United States, portland cement was the state's top nonfuel mineral, by value, which was followed by iron ore, construction sand and gravel, crushed stone, salt and magnesium compounds. Collectively, these six commodities accounted for about 91% of all nonfuel mineral output in the state, by value.

Michigan was first nationally in magnesium chloride produced, and ranked second in the production of peat, industrial sand and gravel, bromine and of course, iron ore (after Minnesota). Michigan ranked third in construction sand and gravel, and potash, fourth in portland cement, seventh in salt and eighth in masonry cement.

According to preliminary figures for 2003, Michigan's production of construction sand and gravel totaled 70 million metric tons, which was valued at $245 million, while output of crushed stone, that year totaled 41.2 million metric tons, and was valued at $173 million. Salt output in 2003, according to the preliminary data totaled 1.53 million metric tons and was valued at $105 million.

Michigan also produced small quantities of copper, silver and other mineral specimens for sale to collectors and museums.

ENERGY AND POWER

As of 2003, Michigan had 79 electrical power service providers, of which 41 were publicly owned and 10 were cooperatives. Of the remainder, nine were investor owned, five were owners of independent generators that sold directly to customers, twelve were generation-only suppliers, and two were delivery-only providers. As of that same year there were 4,713,966 retail customers. Of that total, 4,136,049 received their power from investor-owned service providers. Cooperatives accounted for 277,906 customers, while publicly owned providers had 299,378 customers. Generation-only suppliers had 628 customers and 5 were independent generator or "facility" customers. There was no data on the number of delivery-only customers.

Total net summer generating capability by the state's electrical generating plants in 2003 stood at 30.450 million kW, with total production that same year at 111.347 billion kWh. Of the total amount generated, 86.8% came from electric utilities, with the remainder coming from independent producers and combined heat and power service providers. The largest portion of all electric power generated, 67.777 billion kWh (60.9%), came from coal-fired plants, with nuclear power plants in second place with 27.953 billion kWh (25.1%, and natural gas fueled plants in third place at 11.374 billion kWh (10.2%). Other renewable power sources accounted for 2.5% of all power generated. Petroleum fired plants, and hydroelectric generating facilities accounted for the remainder.

The two major electric utilities are Detroit Edison, serving the Detroit area and portions of the eastern part of the lower peninsula, and Consumers Power, serving most of the remainder of the lower peninsula. Rates of the utility companies are set by the Public Service Commission.

As of 2006, Michigan had three operating nuclear power plants; the Donald C Cook plant in Berrien County; the Enrico Fermi plant near Detroit; and the Palisades plant near South Haven.

Michigan is dependent on outside sources for most of its fuel needs. As of 2004, Michigan had proven crude oil reserves of 53 million barrels, or less than 1% of all proven US reserves, while output that same year averaged 18,000 barrels per day. Including federal offshore domains, the state that year ranked 17th (16th excluding federal offshore) in proven reserves and 18th (17th excluding federal offshore) in production among the 31 producing states. In 2004 Michigan had 3,675 producing oil wells. As of 2005, the state's single refinery had a combined crude oil distillation capacity of 74,000 barrels per day.

In 2004, Michigan had 8,500 producing natural gas and gas condensate wells. In that same year, marketed gas production (all gas produced excluding gas used for repressuring, vented and flared, and nonhydrocarbon gases removed) totaled 259.681 billion cu ft (7.37 billion cu m). As of 31 December 2004, proven reserves of dry or consumer-grade natural gas totaled 3,091 billion cu ft (87.8 billion cu m).

Bituminous coal reserves (estimated at 127.7 million tons) remain in southern Michigan, but production is negligible. There was no recorded coal production in 2004.

INDUSTRY

Manufacturing, a minor element in Michigan's economy in the mid-19th century, grew rapidly in importance until, by 1900, an estimated 25% of the state's jobholders were factory workers. The rise of the auto industry in the early 20th century completed the transformation of Michigan into one of the most important manufacturing areas in the world.

Motor vehicles and equipment dominate the state's economy, representing almost 40% of the state's manufacturing payroll, while the value of shipments by these manufacturers was slightly more than half of the total. Production of nonelectrical machinery, primary and fabricated metal products, and metal forgings and stampings was directly related to automobile production.

The Detroit metropolitan area is the major industrial region: this area includes not only the heavy concentration of auto-related plants in Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties, but also major steel, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Flint, Grand Rapids, Saginaw, Ann Arbor, Lansing, and Kalama-zoo are other major industrial centers.

The auto industry's preponderance in Michigan manufacturing has come to be viewed in recent years as more of a liability than an asset. When times are good, as they were in the 1960s and early 1970s, automobile sales soar to record levels and Michigan's economy prospers. But when the national economy slumps, these sales plummet, pushing the state into a far deeper recession than is felt by the nation as a whole.

According to the US Census Bureau's Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) for 2004, Michigan's manufacturing sector covered some 19 product subsectors. The shipment value of all products manufactured in the state that same year was $220.454 billion. Of that total, transportation equipment manufacturing accounted for the largest share at $111.568 billion. It was followed by machinery manufacturing at $17.549 billion; fabricated metal product manufacturing at $14.024 billion; chemical manufacturing at $11.823 billion; and food manufacturing at $11.659 billion.

In 2004, a total of 651,947 people in Michigan were employed in the state's manufacturing sector, according to the ASM. Of that total, 478,466 were actual production workers. In terms of total employment, the transportation equipment manufacturing industry accounted for the largest portion of all manufacturing employees at 202,998, with 167,690 actual production workers. It was followed by fabricated metal product manufacturing at 82,746 employees (60,331 actual production workers); machinery manufacturing at 75,818 employees (47,854 actual production workers); plastics and rubber products manufacturing at 60,688 employees (45,689 actual production workers); and furniture and related product manufacturing with 29,664 employees (19,086 actual production workers).

ASM data for 2004 showed that Michigan's manufacturing sector paid $32.547 billion in wages. Of that amount, the transportation equipment manufacturing sector accounted for the largest share at $12.753 billion. It was followed by machinery manufacturing at $4.039 billion; fabricated metal product manufacturing at $3.335 billion; plastics and rubber products manufacturing at $2.119 billion; chemical manufacturing at $1.745 billion; and primary metal manufacturing at $1.442 billion.

COMMERCE

According to the 2002 Census of Wholesale Trade, Michigan's wholesale trade sector had sales that year totaling $165.9 billion from 12,876 establishments. Wholesalers of durable goods accounted for 8,102 establishments, followed by nondurable goods wholesalers at 3,370 and electronic markets, agents, and brokers accounting for 1,404 establishments. Sales by durable goods wholesalers in 2002 totaled $92.9 billion. Sales data was unavailable for nondurable goods and for electronic markets, agents, and brokers in the wholesale trade industry.

In the 2002 Census of Retail Trade, Michigan was listed as having 38,876 retail establishments with sales of $109.3 billion. The leading types of retail businesses by number of establishments were: food and beverage stores (5,973); clothing and clothing accessories stores (4,792); miscellaneous store retailers (4,486); and motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts dealers (4,234). In terms of sales, motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts stores accounted for the largest share of retail sales at $31.7 billion, followed by food and beverage stores at $13.1 billion; building material/garden equipment and supplies dealers at $9.4 billion; gasoline stations at $8.7 billion; and health and personal care stores $6.6 billion. A total of 520,958 people were employed by the retail sector in Michigan that year.

With its ports open to oceangoing vessels through the St. Lawrence Seaway, Michigan is a major exporting and importing state for foreign as well as domestic markets. Exports of Michigan's manufactured goods totaled $37.5 billion in 2005, ranking the state fifth in the United States.

CONSUMER PROTECTION

Michigan's Office of the Attorney General is responsible for the enforcement of most of the state's consumer protection laws through its Consumer Protection Division. However, other departments, such as the Department of Consumer and Industry Services which has the responsibility of regulating professions, corporations and nursing homes, may also have their own consumer protection sections.

Under the state's Consumer Protection Act of 1976, a range of specific misrepresentations in advertising and commerce are prohibited. In addition, the law also regulates down payment returns, the signing of service contracts and other agreements and mandates that sellers of business opportunities must file with the state Attorney General. The state also has an item pricing law and regulations covering the volume and availability of advertised items. Michigan also has laws that regulate motor vehicle services and repairs, as well as a so-called "Lemon Law" that is applicable to the sale of new motor vehicles.

A number of local governments have instituted consumer affairs offices, with Detroit's being especially active.

When dealing with consumer protection issues, the state's Attorney General's Office can initiate civil and criminal proceedings; represent the state before state and federal regulatory agencies; administer consumer protection and education programs; handle formal consumer complaints; and exercise broad subpoena powers. In antitrust actions, the Attorney General's Office can act on behalf of those consumers who are incapable of acting on their own; initiate damage actions on behalf of the state in state courts; and initiate criminal proceedings. However the Attorney General's Office cannot represent counties, cities or other governmental entities in recovering civil damages under state or federal law.

The state's Consumer Protection Division is located in Lansing. County and city government consumer protection offices are respectively located in Mt Clemens and Detroit.

BANKING

Michigan's banks in the territorial and early statehood years were generally wildcat speculative ventures. More restrained banking activities date from the 1840s when the state's oldest bank, the Detroit Bank and Trust, was founded. A crisis that developed in the early 1930s forced Governor William Comstock to close all banks in February 1933 in order to prevent collapse of the entire banking system. Federal and state authorities supervised a reorganization and reform of the state's banks that has succeeded in preventing any major problems from arising since that time.

As of June 2005, Michigan had 173 insured banks, savings and loans, and saving banks, plus 251 state-chartered and 152 federally chartered credit unions (CUs). Excluding the CUs, the Detroit-Warren-Livonia market area accounted for the largest portion of the state's financial institutions and deposits in 2004, with 58 institutions and $77.033 billion in deposits. As of June 2005, CUs accounted for 12.8% of all assets held by all financial institutions in the state, or some $31.221 billion. Banks, savings and loans, and savings banks collectively accounted for the remaining 87.2% or $211.930 billion in assets held.

In 2004, banks with less than $1 billion in assets ("community banks") accounted for about 92.5% of the state's insured institutions, but larger banks held most of the state's assets. In that same year, the median net interest margin (NIMs) (the difference between the lower rates offered to savers and the higher rates charged on loans), stood at 4.08%, down from 4.12% in 2003. The median percentage of past-due/nonaccrual loans to total loans in 2004 was 1.82%, down from 2.15% in 2003.

INSURANCE

In 2004 there were over 4.9 million individual life insurance policies in force with a total value of about $362 billion; total value for all categories of life insurance (individual, group, and credit) was over $629.7 billion. The average coverage amount is $72,800 per policy holder. Death benefits paid that year totaled $1.9 billion.

As of 2003, there were 65 property and casualty and 19 life and health insurance companies domiciled in the state. In 2004, direct premiums for property and casualty insurance totaled $16 billion. That year, there were 25,447 flood insurance policies in force in the state, with a total value of $3.1 billion. About $15.3 billion of coverage was held through FAIR plans, which are designed to offer coverage for some natural circumstances, such as wind and hail, in high risk areas.

Michigan—State Government Finances
(Dollar amounts in thousands. Per capita amounts in dollars.)
	AMOUNT	PER CAPITA
Abbreviations and symbols: - zero or rounds to zero; (NA) not available; (X) not applicable.
source: U.S. Census Bureau, Governments Division, 2004 Survey of State Government Finances, January 2006.
Total Revenue	57,461,347	5,686.99
General revenue	46,780,063	4,629.86
Intergovernmental revenue	13,749,908	1,360.84
Taxes	24,061,065	2,381.34
General sales	7,894,458	781.32
Selective sales	2,949,792	291.94
License taxes	1,545,457	152.95
Individual income tax	6,576,065	650.84
Corporate income tax	1,841,010	182.21
Other taxes	3,254,283	322.08
Current charges	5,385,255	532.98
Miscellaneous general revenue	3,583,835	354.69
Utility revenue	-	-
Liquor store revenue	675,747	66.88
Insurance trust revenue	10,005,537	990.26
Total expenditure	52,684,622	5,214.23
Intergovernmental expenditure	19,035,055	1,883.91
Direct expenditure	33,649,567	3,330.32
Current operation	23,462,732	2,322.12
Capital outlay	2,452,289	242.70
Insurance benefits and repayments	5,627,428	556.95
Assistance and subsidies	1,010,175	99.98
Interest on debt	1,096,943	108.57
Exhibit: Salaries and wages	6,741,508	667.21
Total expenditure	52,684,622	5,214.23
General expenditure	46,507,284	4,602.86
Intergovernmental expenditure	19,035,055	1,883.91
Direct expenditure	27,472,229	2,718.95
General expenditures, by function:
Education	20,341,302	2,013.19
Public welfare	9,950,158	984.77
Hospitals	1,812,750	179.41
Health	3,350,239	331.58
Highways	3,259,528	322.60
Police protection	295,537	29.25
Correction	1,637,305	162.05
Natural resources	453,032	44.84
Parks and recreation	125,377	12.41
Government administration	930,080	92.05
Interest on general debt	1,096,943	108.57
Other and unallocable	3,255,033	322.15
Utility expenditure	-	-
Liquor store expenditure	549,910	54.42
Insurance trust expenditure	5,627,428	556.95
Debt at end of fiscal year	20,959,946	2,074.42
Cash and security holdings	70,891,515	7,016.18

In 2004, 59% of state residents held employment-based health insurance policies, 4% held individual policies, and 26% were covered under Medicare and Medicaid; 11% of residents were uninsured. In 2003, employee contributions for employment-based health coverage averaged at 15% for single coverage and 18% for family coverage. The state does not offer a health benefits expansion program in connection with the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA, 1986), a health insurance program for those who lose employment-based coverage due to termination or reduction of work hours.

In 2003, there were over 6.4 million auto insurance policies in effect for private passenger cars. Required minimum coverage includes bodily injury liability of up to $20,000 per individual and $40,000 for all persons injured in an accident, as well as property damage liability of $10,000. Personal injury protection is also mandatory. In 2003, the average expenditure per vehicle for insurance coverage was $931.14.

SECURITIES

There are no securities or commodity exchanges in Michigan. In 2005, there were 2,410 personal financial advisers employed in the state and 6,040 securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents. In 2004, there were over 166 publicly traded companies within the state, with over 65 NASDAQ companies, 43 NYSE listings, and 5 AMEX listings. In 2006, the state had 21 Fortune 500 companies; General Motors (based in Detroit) ranked first in the state and third in the nation with revenues of over $192.6 billion, followed by Ford Motor (Dearborn), Dow Chemical (Midland, Delphi (Troy), and Lear (Southfield). All five companies were listed on the NYSE. Ford Motor was ranked at fifth in the nation on the Fortune 500 list with revenues of over $177.2 billion.

PUBLIC FINANCE

The state constitution requires the governor to submit a budget proposal to the legislature each year. This executive budget, prepared by the Department of Management and Budget, is reviewed, revised, and passed by the legislature. During the fiscal year (FY), which extends from 1 October to 30 September, if actual revenues drop below anticipated levels, the governor, in consultation with the legislative appropriations committees, must reduce expenditures to meet the constitutional requirement that the state budget be kept in balance.

In 1977, the legislature created a budget stabilization fund. A portion of tax revenues collected in good times is held in reserve to be used during periods of recession, when the funding of essential state services is threatened. In 1978, a tax limitation amendment put a lid on government spending by establishing a fixed ratio of state revenues to personal income in the state. Further efforts to limit taxes were rejected by the voters in 1980 and 1984.

F2006 general funds were estimated at $9.0 billion for resources and $9.0 billion for expenditures. In fiscal year 2004, federal government grants to Michigan were $13.2 billion.

In the fiscal year 2007 federal budget, Michigan was slated to receive: $16.9 million to develop a national cemetery in Great Lakes.

TAXATION

In 2005, Michigan collected $24,340 million in tax revenues or $2,405 per capita, which placed it 15th among the 50 states in per capita tax burden. The national average was $2,192 per capita. Property taxes accounted for 8.8% of the total, sales taxes 33.2%, selective sales taxes 14.2%, individual income taxes 28.4%, corporate income taxes 7.8%, and other taxes 7.5%.

As of 1 January 2006, Michigan had one individual income tax bracket of 3.9%.

In 2004, state and local property taxes amounted to $11,978,654,000 or $1,186 per capita, which ranks the state 15th nationally in per capita taxation. Local governments collected $9,886,721,000 of the total and the state government $2,091,933,000.

Michigan taxes retail sales at a rate of 6%. Food purchased for consumption off-premises is tax exempt. The tax on cigarettes is 200 cents per pack, which ranks fourth among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Michigan taxes gasoline at 19 cents per gallon. This is in addition to the 18.4 cents per gallon federal tax on gasoline.

According to the Tax Foundation, for every federal tax dollar sent to Washington in 2004, Michigan citizens received $0.85 in federal spending.

ECONOMIC POLICY

The Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC) has a long tradition of promoting economic development. Through the Michigan CareerSite web page, economic development and job training programs are outlined. The mission of MEDC is to work with businesses, state government, and local communities to make Michigan more business-friendly. MEDC is a corporation, not a traditional government agency.

Michigan is part of the so-called Rust Belt, the region of the country dominated by steel-based industries from the 1940s to the 1980s. To focus economic development on new industries, Michigan has taken a number of steps, including cutting taxes for individuals and businesses. In the 1990s, Michigan taxpayers, both individuals and businesses, benefited from 21 tax cuts. The result has been the 13th-lowest tax burden in the country for 2000 and a robust economy with unemployment levels lower than the national average since 1995.

Michigan's Economic Growth Authority offers generous tax breaks to firms that locate a facility in Michigan, and offers substantial employment opportunities to Michigan workers. The state's Renaissance Zone program exempts companies and individuals within designated areas throughout the state from all state and local taxes as an incentive to rebuild and revitalize specific areas. Renaissance Zones include urban, rural, and former military installation sites. In 2006, Michigan also had 11 designated Smart Zones, which are collaborations between universities, industry, research organizations, government, and other community institutions to stimulate growth of technology-based businesses, particularly those focused on commercializing ideas and patents that result from R&D efforts.

HEALTH

The infant mortality rate in October 2005 was estimated at 7.7 per 1,000 live births. The birth rate in 2003 was 13 per 1,000 population. The abortion rate stood at 21.6 per 1,000 women in 2000. In 2003, about 86.1% of pregnant woman received prenatal care beginning in the first trimester. In 2004, approximately 81% of children received routine immunizations before the age of three.

The crude death rate in 2003 was 8.6 deaths per 1,000 population. As of 2002, the death rates for major causes of death (per 100,000 resident population) were: heart disease, 265.3; cancer, 198.8; cerebrovascular diseases, 57.8; chronic lower respiratory diseases, 44.1; and diabetes, 27.7. The mortality rate from HIV infection was 2.4 per 100,000 population. In 2004, the reported AIDS case rate was at about 6.5 per 100,000 population. In 2002, about 60.2% of the resident population was considered overweight or obese, representing the fourth-highest rate in the country for this category. As of 2004, about 23.2% of state residents were smokers.

In 2003, Michigan had 144 community hospitals with about 25,800 beds. There were about 1.1 million patient admissions that year and 27 million outpatient visits. The average daily inpatient census was about 17,100 patients. The average cost per day for hospital care was $1,382. Also in 2003, there were about 431 certified nursing facilities in the state with 49,225 beds and an overall occupancy rate of about 84.4%. In 2004, it was estimated that about 76.9% of all state residents had received some type of dental care within the year. Michigan had 289 physicians per 100,000 resident population in 2004 and 804 nurses per 100,000 in 2005. In 2004, there were a total of 6,039 dentists in the state.

In 2005, the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor ranked eleventh on the Honor Roll of Best Hospitals 2005 by U.S. News & World Report. In the same report, the hospital ranked ninth in the nation for best care in cancer.

About 26% of state residents were enrolled in Medicaid and Medicare programs in 2004. Approximately 11% of the state population was uninsured in 2004. In 2003, state health care expenditures totaled $11.5 million.

SOCIAL WELFARE

Until the 1930s, Michigan's few limited welfare programs were handled by the counties, but the relief load during the Depression shifted the burden to the state and federal levels. In 2004, about 462,000 people received unemployment benefits, with the average weekly unemployment benefit at $289. In fiscal year 2005, the estimated average monthly participation in the food stamp program included about 1,047,594 persons (469,976 households); the average monthly benefit was about $87.41 per person. That year, the total of benefits paid through the state for the food stamp program was over $1 billion.

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), the system of federal welfare assistance that officially replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in 1997, was reauthorized through the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. TANF is funded through federal block grants that are divided among the states based on an equation involving the number of recipients in each state. Michigan's TANF program is called the Family Independence Program (FIP). In 2004, the state program had 212,000 re-cipients; state and federal expenditures on this TANF program totaled $416 million in fiscal year 2003.

In December 2004, Social Security benefits were paid to 1,716,290 Michigan residents. This number included 1,059,530 retired workers, 179,870 widows and widowers, 226,060 disabled workers, 99,620 spouses, and 151,210 children. Social Security beneficiaries represented 17% of the total state population and 95.6% of the state's population age 65 and older. Retired workers received an average monthly payment of $1,029; widows and widowers, $967; disabled workers, $950; and spouses, $514. Payments for children of retired workers averaged $519 per month; children of deceased workers, $660; and children of disabled workers, $277. Federal Supplemental Security Income payments in December 2004 went to 219,337 Michigan residents, averaging $424 a month.

HOUSING

In 2004, there were an estimated 4,433,482 housing units in Michigan, 3,923,135 of which were occupied. That year, Michigan ranked second in the nation (after Minnesota) for the highest percentage of owner-occupied housing units, at 74.7%. About 70.5% of all units were single-family, detached homes. Most homes rely on utility gas for heating. It was estimated that 218,182 units lacked telephone service, 8,787 lacked complete plumbing facilities, and 12,705 lacked complete kitchen facilities. The average household had 2.51 members.

In 2004, 54,700 privately owned units were authorized for construction. The median home value was $145,177. The median monthly cost for mortgage owners was $1,137. Renters paid a median of $628 per month. In September 2005, the state received grants of $849,997 from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for rural housing and economic development programs. For 2006, HUD allocated to the state over $36.3 million in community development block grants (CDBG). The city of Detroit received over $38.8 million in CDBG grants. A limited amount of state aid for low-income housing is available through the State Housing Development Authority.

EDUCATION

Historically, Michigan has strongly supported public education. In 2004, 87.9% of Michigan residents age 25 and older were high school graduates, and 24.4% had obtained a bachelor's degree or higher.

The total enrollment for fall 2002 in Michigan's public schools stood at 1,785,000. Of these, 1,254,000 attended schools from kindergarten through grade eight, and 531,000 attended high school. Approximately 72.7% of the students were white, 20.1% were black, 4.1% were Hispanic, 2.2% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1% were American Indian/Alaskan Native. Total enrollment was estimated at 1,786,000 in fall 2003 and was expected to be 1,728,000 by fall 2014, a decline of 3.2% during the period 2002 to 2014. Expenditures for public education in 2003/04 were estimated at $19.2 billion. Since 1969, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has tested public school students nationwide. The resulting report, The Nation's Report Card, stated that in 2005 eighth graders in Michigan scored 277 out of 500 in mathematics compared with the national average of 278.

In fall 2003 there were 160,049 students enrolled in 983 private schools. The largest number of these students were enrolled in Catholic schools. Lutherans, Seventh-Day Adventists, and Reformed and Christian Reformed churches also have maintained schools for some time; in the 1970s, a number of new Christian schools, particularly those of fundamentalist Baptist groups, were established.

As of fall 2002, there were 605,835 students enrolled in college or graduate school; minority students comprised 18.9% of total postsecondary enrollment. In 2005 Michigan had 110 degreegranting institutions. The oldest state school is the University of Michigan, originally established in Detroit in 1817; its Ann Arbor campus was founded in 1835, and classes there began in 1841. Among the public universities are the University of Michigan, including the Dearborn and Flint campuses, Michigan State University, and Wayne State University. Among the state's private colleges and universities, the University of Detroit Mercy, a Jesuit school, is one of the largest. Kalamazoo College (founded in 1833), Albion College (1835), Hope College (1866) and Alma College (1886) are some of the oldest private liberal arts colleges in the state.

ARTS

Michigan's major center of arts and cultural activities is the Detroit area. The city's refurbished Orchestra Hall is the home of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra as well as chamber music concerts and other musical events. The Detroit Symphony has a long history having been founded in 1914; in the 1920s and 30s the symphony hosted several famous guest artists including Igor Stravinsky, Isadora Duncan, Richard Strauss, and Anna Pavlova. The Music Hall and the Masonic Auditorium present a variety of musical productions; the Fisher Theater and the Masonic Temple Theater are the major home for Broadway productions; and the Detroit Cultural Center supports a number of cultural programs. In 2006, the Masonic Temple Theater featured the three-time Tony Award winning Wicked. The new Detroit Opera House is sponsored by the Michigan Opera Theatre. Nearby Meadow Brook, in Rochester, has a summer music program. At the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor, the Power Center for the Performing Arts and Hill Auditorium host major musical, theatrical, and dance presentations.

Programs relating to the visual arts tend to be academically centered; the University of Michigan, Michigan State, Wayne State, and Eastern Michigan University have notable art schools. The Cranbrook Academy of Arts, which was created by the architect Eliel Saarinen, is a significant art center, and the Ox-bow School at Saugatuck is also outstanding. The Ann Arbor Art Fair, established in 1960, is the largest and most prestigious summer outdoor art show in the state hosting over 500,000 annual attendees. As of 2006, the Ann Arbor Art Fair had won four awards, including being named as the number one art fair in the country by AmericanStyle magazine in 2004. The Waterfront Film Festival in Saugatuck and the touring Ann Arbor Film Festival promote the art of independent filmmaking.

The Meadow Brook Theater in Rochester, founded on Oakland University's campus is the largest nonprofit professional theater company in the state. In the 2004/05 season Meadow Brook won a series of local awards including a Lawrence Devine Award, an OPie, and a Wilde Award—all recognizing either outstanding performances or distinguished career achievements. Detroit features a number of little theater groups and successful summer theaters include the Cherry County Playhouse at Traverse City and the Star Theater in Flint.

The Detroit Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1914, is nationally known. Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo have regional orchestras that perform on a part-time, seasonal basis. The National Music Camp at Interlochen is a mecca for young musicians in the summer, and a prestigious private high school for the arts year round. As of 2006 the Interlochen music camp included over 400 presentations that incorporated more than 2,000 students and 25 special guest performances, annually.

There are local ballet and opera groups in Detroit and in a few other communities. Michigan's best-known contribution to popular music was that of Berry Gordy Jr., whose Motown recording company in the 1960s popularized the "Detroit sound" and featured such artists as Diana Ross and the Supremes, Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, Aretha Franklin, the Four Tops, the Temptations, and Stevie Wonder, among many others. In the 1970s however, Gordy moved his operations to California.

The state of Michigan generates federal and state funds for its arts programs. In 2005, the Michigan Council for the Arts and other Michigan arts organizations received 33 grants totaling $1,322,745 from the National Endowment for the Arts. Private sources also provided funding for the activities of the Council. The Michigan Humanities Council (MHC) was founded in 1974. One of its ongoing programs is the Michigan's Arts and Humanities Touring Program, which includes performing artists and cultural interpreters/educators. In 2006, the MHC awarded grants totaling $36,847 to support the touring program that season, which then included 146 live artistic and cultural presentations. In 2005, the National Endowment for the Humanities contributed 33 grants totaling $3,083,441 to state programs.

LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS

As of September 2001, Michigan had 381 public library systems, with a total of 654 libraries, of which 278 were branches. In that same year, the system had a total of 27,188,000 volumes of books and serial publications, and a total circulation of 51,773,000. The system also had 1,445,000 audio and 839,000 video items, 78,000 electronic format items (CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, and disks), and 17 bookmobiles. The Library of Michigan in Lansing functions as the coordinator of library facilities in the state. The largest public library is the Detroit Public Library, which in 1999 had over 2.5 million books and print materials in its main library and 26 branches. Outstanding among its special collections are the Burton Historical Collection, a major center for genealogical research, the National Automotive History Collection, and the E. Azalia Hackley Collection, a notable source for material pertaining to African Americans in the performing arts, especially music. Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Lansing, Flint, and Ann Arbor are among the larger public libraries. In fiscal year 2001, operating income for the state's public library system totaled $329,283,000 and included $548,000 in federal grants and $16,031,000 in state grants.

Among academic libraries, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, with 6,283,385 volumes and 56,663 periodical subscriptions in 1999, features the William L. Clements collection of books and manuscripts on the colonial period, the Labadie Collection relating to the history of American radicalism, and the Bentley Library's distinctive collection of books and manuscripts, particularly the one on Michigan, the largest such collection.

In 1980, the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library was opened on the University of Michigan's Ann Arbor campus. The Michigan State University Library at East Lansing had 4,274,375 volumes and 27,314 periodical subscriptions in 1999. At Wayne State University in Detroit, the Walter P. Reuther Library houses the largest collection of labor history records in the United States, as well as primary materials relating to social, economic, and political reform and urban affairs.

The Detroit Institute of Arts is the largest art museum in the state and has an outstanding collection of African art. It is located in the Detroit Cultural Center, along with the Public Library and the Detroit Historical Museum, one of the largest local history museums in the country. The Kalamazoo Institute of Art, the Flint Institute of Art, the Grand Rapids Art Museum, and the Hackley Art Gallery in Muskegon are important art museums. The University of Michigan and the Cranbrook Academy of Arts in Bloom-field Hills also maintain important collections.

The Detroit Historical Museum heads 229 museums in the state, including the State Historical Museum in Lansing and museums in Grand Rapids, Flint, Kalamazoo, and Dearborn. In the latter city, the privately run Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village are leading tourist attractions. In 1996 the world's largest museum of African American history was established in Detroit. A major Holocaust Memorial Center is located in the West Bloomfield Hills area of metropolitan Detroit.

The major historical sites open to the public include the late-18th-century fort on Mackinac Island and the reconstructed early-18th-century fort at Mackinaw City. The latter site has also been the scene of an archaeological program that has accumulated one of the largest collections of 18th-century artifacts in the country. Major investigations of prehistoric Indian sites have also been conducted in recent years.

COMMUNICATIONS

Michigan's remote position in the interior of the continent hampered the development of adequate communications services, and the first regular postal service was not instituted until the early 19th century.

Telephone service began in Detroit in 1877. By 2004, 93.7% of the occupied housing units in the state had telephones. Additionally, by June of that same year there were 5,430,637 mobile wireless telephone subscribers. In 2003, 59.9% of Michigan households had a computer and 52.0% had Internet access. By June 2005, there were 1,359,079 high-speed lines in Michigan, 1,256,759 residential and 102,320 for business.

Michigan had 62 major AM radio stations and 110 major FM stations in 2005. Radio station WWJ, originally owned by the Detroit News, began operating in 1920 as one of the country's first commercial broadcasting stations, and the News also started Michigan's first television station in 1947. As of 2005 there were 33 major television stations in the state. In the Detroit area, 68% of 1,855,500 television households had cable, and in the Grand Rapids-Kalamazoo-Battle Creek area, 62% of 671,320 television households had cable in 1999.

By 2000, a total of 145,596 Internet domain names had been registered in Michigan.

PRESS

The first newspaper to appear in Michigan was Father Richard's Michigan Essay or Impartial Observer, published in August 1917. Continuous newspaper coverage in Michigan dates from the appearance of the weekly Detroit Gazette, also in 1817. The state's oldest paper still being published is the Detroit Free Press, founded in 1831 and the state's first daily paper since 1835.

In 2005 there were 48 daily newspapers in Michigan, with 27 Sunday editions published in the state. Two of the state's largest newspapers—Knight Ridder's Detroit Free Press and Gannett's Detroit News —entered into a joint operating agreement (JOA) in 1989. The advertising, business, delivery, and production of each paper joined forces in a company called Detroit Newspapers; the editorial and news operations remain separate and report to their respective parent companies. During the struggle, the Detroit Journal was published weekly by locked-out newspaper workers. The News had the sixth-largest daily circulation of any paper in the United States in 1994. By 2004, however, the News had dropped to number 46 in daily circulation among newspapers nationwide and the Free Press was at number 21.

The following table shows leading daily newspapers in Michigan with average daily and Sunday circulation in 1998:

align="left">AREA	align="right">NAME	align="right">DAILY	align="right">SUNDAY
Detroit	News and FreePress (m,S)	510,736	710,036
Flint	Journal (e,S)	84,313	102,154
Grand Rapids	Press (e,S)	138,126	189,690
Kalamazoo	Gazette (e,S)	62,350	72,945
Lansing	State Journal (m,S)	70,725	90,502
Pontiac	Oakland Press (m,S)	78,213	80,737
Saginaw	News (e,S)	46,439	55,690

ORGANIZATIONS

In 2006, there were over 11,310 nonprofit organizations registered within the state, of which about 7,137 were registered as charitable, educational, or religious organizations. The most important trade association headquartered in Michigan is the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, with offices in Detroit. Its labor union counterpart—the United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW)—also has its international headquarters in that city.

Others with headquarters in the state include the American Concrete Institute, the Detroit; Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn; American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph; the American Board of Emergency Medicine, East Lansing, and the National Association of Investment Corporations, Madison Heights.

Organizations for arts and education include the Association of College Honor Societies, the Children's Literature Association, the American Guild of Music, Interlochen Center for the Arts, and the Institute for Social Research There are also a number of municipal and regional arts groups and historical societies. State organizations of art and culture include the Michigan Humanities Council, the Michigan Historical Society, and the Michigan Historic Preservation Network. Several organizations focus on regional environmental issues, including the Great Lakes Maritime Institute and the Great Lakes Commission. The United Kennel Club is a hobby organization with national memberships.

Charitable organizations include the Good Fellows, based in Detroit. Founded in 1914, the organization was called the Newsboys, since its first members were newspaper carriers. Though the group participates in a number of charitable causes, its primary program is A Christmas for Every Needy Child. There are chapters of Good Fellows nationwide. The W. K. Kellogg Foundation based in Battle Creek also supports a number of community, national, and international projects. The Islamic Assembly of North America, which serves as a coordinating body for US Islamic centers and organizations, is based in Ann Arbor.

TOURISM, TRAVEL, AND RECREATION

Tourism has been an important source of economic activity in Michigan since the 19th century and now rivals agriculture as the second most important segment of the state's economy. About 54% of all travel is in the form of day trips for state residents or visitors from neighboring states. In 2003, Michigan had 150,000 people employed in tourism.

Michigan's tourist attractions are diverse and readily accessible to much of the country's population. The opportunities offered by Michigan's water resources are the number one attraction; no part of the state is more than 85 mi (137 km) from one of the Great Lakes, and most of the population lives only a few miles away from one of the thousands of inland lakes and streams. Southwestern Michigan's sandy beaches along Lake Michigan offer sunbathing and swimming on 8,000 mi (5,000 km) of Great Lakes coastline. Inland lakes numbering 11,000 in southern Michigan are favored by swimmers while the Metropolitan Beach on Lake St. Clair, northeast of Detroit, claims to be the largest artificial-lake beach in the world. Camping has enjoyed an enormous increase in popularity; in addition to the extensive public camping facilities, there are many private campgrounds. The beach towns of Silver Lake, Sand Dunes, Holland, South Haven, and St. Joseph receive most of their tourists in the summer months. Ann Arbor and Grand Rapids share the presidential library of Gerald R. Ford. Ann Arbor also hosts the country's oldest art fair in July.

Although the tourist and resort business has been primarily a summer activity, the rising popularity of ice fishing, skiing, and other winter sports, autumn scenic tours, hunting, and spring festivals has made tourism a year-round business in many parts of the state. Historic attractions have been heavily promoted in recent years, following the success of Dearborn's Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village; such as the Motown Historical Museum. Tours of Detroit automobile factories and other industrial sites, such as Battle Creek's breakfast-food plants, are also important tourist attractions. The Spirit of Ford, a 50,000 sq ft center in Dearborn, offers a "behind the scenes" look at how the automaker designs, engineers, tests, and produces cars and trucks.

Camping and recreational facilities are provided by the federal government at three national forests comprising 2.8 million acres (1.1 million hectares), three facilities operated by the National Park Service (Isle Royale National Park, the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, and Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore), and several wildlife sanctuaries. A wild African-style village covering 70 acres (28.3 hectares) at the Binder Park Zoo in Battle Creek features giraffes, zebras, and ostrich, plus a variety of endangered African species roaming freely on the grassy savannah. Michigan is the only state divided into two parts—the Upper Peninsula and the Lower Peninsula—which are connected by the well-known Mackinac Bridge.

State-operated facilities include 64 parks and recreational areas with 172,343 acres (69,747 hectares), and state forests and wildlife areas totaling 4,250,000 acres (1,720,000 hectares). Holland and Warren Dunes state parks, located on Lake Michigan, have the largest annual park attendances; Ludington State Park, also on Lake Michigan, attracts the largest number of campers.

SPORTS

Michigan has five major professional sports teams, all of them centered in Detroit: the Tigers of Major League Baseball, the Lions of the National Football League, the Pistons of the National Basketball Association, the Shock of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Red Wings of the National Hockey League. The Tigers won the World Series in 1935, 1945, 1968, and 1984. The Pistons won the NBA Championship in 1989, 1990, and 2004. The Red Wings, arguably the most renowned hockey club ever, won the Stanley Cup in 1936, 1937, 1943, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1997, 1998, and 2002.

The state also has minor league hockey teams in Detroit, Flint, Grand Rapids, Motor City, Muskegon, Kalamazoo, Plymouth, Port Huron, and Saginaw; and baseball teams in Grand Rapids, Battle Creek, Lansing, and Traverse City.

Horse racing, Michigan's oldest organized spectator sport, is controlled by the state racing commissioner, who regulates thoroughbred and harness-racing seasons at tracks in the Detroit area and at Jackson. Attendance and betting at these races is substantial, although the modest purses rarely attract the nation's leading horses. Auto racing is also popular in Michigan. The state hosts four major races: the Tenneco Automotive Grand Prix of Detroit, the Michigan 500 Indy car race on the CART circuit, and two NASCAR Nextel Cup races.

Interest in college sports centers on the football and basketball teams of the University of Michigan and Michigan State University, which usually are among the top-ranked teams in the country. The University of Michigan football team was named national champion in 1901 (with Harvard), 1902, 1903, 1904 (with Penn), 1918 (with Pittsburgh), 1923 (with Illinois), 1932, 1933, 1947, 1948, and 1997. The team won the Rose Bowl in 1948, 1951, 1965, 1981, 1989, 1993, and 1998, the Citrus Bowl in 1999, and the Orange Bowl in 2000. Michigan State won the Rose Bowl in 1954, 1956, and 1988, and was named national champion in 1952 (with Georgia Tech), 1965 (with Alabama), and 1966 (with Notre Dame). The University of Michigan basketball team won the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) tournament in 1989, and Michigan State won it in 1979 and 2000. Michigan also advanced to the championship game in 1965, 1976, 1992, and 1993.

Other colleges also have achieved national rankings in basketball, hockey, baseball, and track. Elaborate facilities have been built for sporting competitions in Michigan; for example the University of Michigan's football stadium, seating 107,501, is one of the largest college-owned stadiums in the country.

Other annual sporting events include the Snowmobile Poker Runs in St. Ignace and, in July, the yacht races from Chicago and Port Huron to Mackinac Island.

FAMOUS MICHIGANIANS

Only one Michiganian has held the offices of US president and vice president. Gerald R. Ford (Leslie King Jr., b.Nebraska, 1913), the 38th US president, was elected to the US House as a Republican in 1948 and served continuously until 1973, becoming minority leader in 1965. Upon the resignation of Vice President Spiro T. Agnew in 1973, President Richard M. Nixon appointed Ford to the vice-presidency. When Nixon resigned on 9 August 1974, Ford became president, the first to hold that post without having been elected to high national office. Ford succeeded in restoring much of the public's confidence in the presidency, but his pardoning of Nixon for all crimes he may have committed as president helped cost Ford victory in the presidential election of 1976. Ford subsequently moved his legal residence to California.

Lewis Cass (b.New Hampshire, 1782–1866), who served as governor of Michigan Territory, senator from Michigan, secretary of war and secretary of state, is the only other Michigan resident nominated by a major party for president; he lost the 1848 race as the Democratic candidate. Thomas E. Dewey (1902–72), a native of Owosso, was the Republican presidential nominee in 1944 and 1948, but from his adopted state of New York.

Two Michiganians have served as associate justices of the Supreme Court: Henry B. Brown (b.Massachusetts, 1836–1913), author of the 1896 segregationist decision in Plessy v. Ferguson; and Frank Murphy (1890–1949), who also served as US attorney general, mayor of Detroit, governor of Michigan, and was a notable defender of minority rights during his years on the court. Another justice, Potter Stewart (1915–85), was born in Jackson but appointed to the court from Ohio.

Other Michiganians who have held high federal office include Robert McClelland (b.Pennsylvania, 1807–80), secretary of the interior; Russell A. Alger (b.Ohio, 1836–1907), secretary of war; Edwin Denby (b.Indiana, 1870–1929), secretary of the Navy, who was forced to resign because of the Teapot Dome scandal; Roy D. Chapin (1880–1936), secretary of commerce; Charles E. Wilson (b.Ohio, 1890–1961), and Robert S. McNamara (b.California, 1916), secretaries of defense; George Romney (b.Mexico, 1907–96), secretary of housing and urban development; Donald M. Dickinson (b.New York, 1846–1917) and Arthur E. Summerfield (1899–1972), postmasters general; and W. Michael Blumenthal (b.Germany, 1926), secretary of the treasury.

Zachariah Chandler (b.New Hampshire, 1813–79) served as secretary of the interior but is best remembered as a leader of the Radical Republicans in the US Senate during the Civil War era. Other prominent US senators have included James M. Couzens (b.Canada, 1872–1936), a former Ford executive who became a maverick Republican liberal during the 1920s; Arthur W. Vandenberg (1884–1951), a leading supporter of a bipartisan internationalist foreign policy After World War II; and Philip A. Hart Jr. (b.Pennsylvania, 1912–76), one of the most influential senators of the 1960s and 1970s. Recent well-known US representatives include John Conyers Jr. (b.1929) and Martha W. Griffiths (b.Missouri, 1912–2003), a representative for 20 years who served as the state's lieutenant governor from 1983–91.

In addition to Murphy and Romney, important governors have included Stevens T. Mason (b.Virginia, 1811–43), who guided Michigan to statehood; Austin Blair (b.New York, 1818–94), Civil War governor; Hazen S. Pingree (b.Maine, 1840–1901) and Chase S. Osborn (b.Indiana, 1860–1949), reform-minded governors; Alexander Groesbeck (1873–1953); G. Mennen Williams (1911–88); and William G. Milliken (b.1922), governor from 1969 to January 1983. From 1974 to 1994, Detroit's first black mayor, Coleman A. Young (b.Alabama, 1918–97), promoted programs to revive the city's tarnished image.

The most famous figure in the early development of Michigan is Jacques Marquette (b.France, 1637–75). Other famous historical figures include Charles de Langlade (1729–1801), a leader of the Ottawa people and a French-Indian soldier in the French and Indian War and the American Revolution; the Ottawa chieftain Pontiac (1720?–69), leader of an ambitious Indian uprising; and Gabriel Richard (b.France, 1769–1832), an important pioneer in education and the first Catholic priest to serve in Congress. Laura Haviland (b.Canada, 1808–98) was a noted leader in the fight against slavery and for black rights, while Lucinda Hinsdale Stone (b.Vermont, 1814–1900) and Anna Howard Shaw (b.England, 1847–1919) were important in the women's rights movement.

Nobel laureates from Michigan include diplomat Ralph J. Bunche (1904–71), winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950; Glenn T. Seaborg (1912–99), Nobel Prize winner in chemistry in 1951; and Thomas H. Weller (b.1915) and Alfred D. Hershey (1908–97), Nobel Prize winners in physiology or medicine in 1954 and 1969, respectively. Among leading educators, James B. Angell (b.Rhode Island, 1829–1916), president of the University of Michigan, led that school to the forefront among American universities while John A. Hannah (1902–91), longtime president of Michigan State University, successfully strove to expand and diversify its programs. General Motors executive Charles S. Mott (b.New Jersey, 1875–1973) contributed to the growth of continuing education programs through huge grants of money.

In the business world, William C. Durant (b.Massachusetts, 1861–1947), Henry Ford (1863–1947) and Ransom E. Olds (b.Ohio 1864–1950) are the three most important figures in making Michigan the center of the American auto industry. Ford's grandson, Henry Ford II (1917–87), was the dominant personality in the auto industry from 1945 through 1979. Two brothers, John Harvey Kellogg (1852–1943) and Will K. Kellogg (1860–1951), helped make Battle Creek the center of the breakfast-food industry. William E. Upjohn (1850–1932) and Herbert H. Dow (b.Canada, 1866–1930) founded major pharmaceutical and chemical companies that bear their names. James E. Scripps (b.England, 1835–1906), founder of the Detroit News, was a major innovator in the newspaper business. Pioneer aviator Charles A. Lindbergh (1902–74) was born in Detroit.

Among prominent labor leaders in Michigan were Walter Reuther (b.West Virginia, 1907–70), president of the United Automobile Workers, and his controversial contemporary, James Hoffa (b.Indiana, 1913–1975?), president of the Teamsters Union, whose disappearance and presumed murder remain a mystery.

The best-known literary figures who were either native or adopted Michiganians include Edgar Guest (b.England, 1881–1959), writer of enormously popular sentimental verses; Ring Lardner (1885–1933), master of the short story; Edna Ferber (1885–1968), best-selling novelist; Paul de Kruif (1890–1971), popular writer on scientific topics; Steward Edward White (1873–1946), writer of adventure tales; Howard Mumford Jones (1892–1980), critic and scholar; and Bruce Catton (1899–1978), Civil War historian.

Other prominent Michiganians past and present include Frederick Stuart Church (1842–1924), painter; Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858–1954), horticulturist and botanist; Albert Kahn (b.Germany, 1869–1942), noted architect and innovator in factory design; and (Gottlieb) Eliel Saarinen (b.Finland, 1873–1950), architect and creator of the Cranbrook School of Art, and his son Eero (1910–61), designer of the General Motors Technical Center in Warren and many distinctive structures throughout the United States. Malcolm X (Malcolm Little, b.Nebraska, 1925–65) developed his black separatist beliefs while living in Lansing.

Popular entertainers born in Michigan include Danny Thomas (Amos Jacobs, 1914–91), David Wayne (1914–91), Betty Hutton (b.1921), Ed McMahon (b.1923), Julie Harris (b.1925), Ellen Burstyn (Edna Rae Gilhooley, b.1932), Della Reese (Dellareese Patricia Early, b.1932), William "Smokey" Robinson (b.1940), Diana Ross (b.1944), Bob Seger (b.1945), and Stevie Wonder (Stevland Morris, b.1950), along with film director Francis Ford Coppola (b.1939).

Among sports figures who had notable careers in the state were Fielding H. Yost (b.West Virginia, 1871–1946), University of Michigan football coach; Joe Louis (Joseph Louis Barrow, b.Alabama, 1914–81), heavyweight boxing champion from 1937 to 1949; "Sugar Ray" Robinson (1921–89), who held at various times the welterweight and middleweight boxing titles; and baseball Hall of Famers Al Kaline (b.Maryland, 1934) and Tyrus Raymond ("Ty") Cobb (b.Georgia, 1886–1961), who won 12 batting titles, were Detroit Tigers stars. Earvin "Magic" Johnson (b.1959), who broke Oscar Robertson's record for most assists, was born in Lansing, Michigan.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ashlee, Laura Rose (ed.). Traveling through Time: A Guide to Michigan's Historical Markers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005.

Bak, Richard. A Distant Thunder: Michigan in the Civil War. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Huron River Press, 2004.

Browne, William Paul. Michigan Politics and Government: Facing Change in a Complex State. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995.

Council of State Governments. The Book of the States, 2006 Edition. Lexington, Ky.: Council of State Governments, 2006.

Dunbar, Willis F., and George S. May. Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State. 3rd rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

Fine, Sidney. Civil Rights and the Michigan Constitution of 1963. Ann Arbor: Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, 1996.

Folsom, Burton W. Empire Builders: How Michigan Entrepreneurs Helped Make America Great. Traverse City, Mich.: Rhodes & Easton, 1998.

Hershock, Martin John. Liberty and Power in the Old Northwest: Michigan, 1850–1867. N.p., 1996.

Kenyon, Amy Maria. Dreaming Suburbia: Detroit and the Production of Postwar Space and Culture. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2004.

LeBeau, Patrick Russell. Rethinking Michigan Indian History. East Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State University Press, 2005.

Loepp, Daniel. Sharing the Balance of Power: An Examination of Shared Power in the Michigan House of Representatives, 1993–94. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999.

Moore, Elizabeth. The State We're In: A Citizen's Guide to Michigan State Government. Lansing: League of Women Voters of Michigan, 1995.

Poremba, David Lee. Michigan. Northampton, Mass.: Interlink Books, 2005.

Rubenstein, Bruce A. Michigan, A History of the Great Lakes State. Wheeling, Ill.: Harlan Davidson, 1995.

Sugrue, Thomas J. The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit. Princeton. N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2005.

US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau. Michigan, 2000. Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics: 2000 Census of Population and Housing. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 2003.

Worldmark Encyclopedia of the States

Michigan

views updated Jun 08 2018

Michigan

ADRIAN COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, AB

Arts Management, B

Bilingual and Multilingual Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, AB

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Teacher Education, B

Chemistry, AB

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, AB

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, AB

Economics, AB

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, AB

Environmental Studies, B

French Language and Literature, AB

Geology/Earth Science, AB

German Language and Literature, AB

History, AB

Human Services, AB

Interior Design, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, AB

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, AB

Physics, AB

Political Science and Government, AB

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, AB

Religion/Religious Studies, AB

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, AB

Social Work, B

Sociology, AB

Spanish Language and Literature, AB

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

ALBION COLLEGE

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Anthropology, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Computer Science, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Studies, B

French Language and Literature, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

German Language and Literature, B

History, B

Human Services, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Modern Languages, B

Music, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Public Policy Analysis, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Women's Studies, B

ALMA COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Anthropology, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Communication and Media Studies, B

Computer Science, B

Computer Teacher Education, B

Dance, B

Design and Visual Communications, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Economics, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

French Language Teacher Education, B

German Language and Literature, B

German Language Teacher Education, B

Gerontology, B

Graphic Design, B

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Medical Illustration/Medical Illustrator, B

Modern Languages, B

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Physics Teacher Education, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Psychology Teacher Education, B

Public Health (MPH, DPH), B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Science Teacher Education, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

ALPENA COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business/Office Automation/Technology/Data Entry, A

Chemical Engineering, A

Chemistry, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, A

English Language and Literature, A

General Studies, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Manufacturing Technology/Technician, A

Mathematics, A

Medical Office Assistant/Specialist, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Office Management and Supervision, A

Operations Management and Supervision, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Secondary Education and Teaching, A

ANDREWS UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

Agribusiness, B

Agricultural Business and Management, AB

Agricultural Mechanization, AB

Agricultural Teacher Education, B

Agriculture, AB

Agronomy and Crop Science, AB

Airline/Commercial/Professional Pilot and Flight Crew, AB

Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services, M

Anatomy, B

Architectural Engineering, B

Architecture, BM

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Avionics Maintenance Technology/Technician, AB

Behavioral Sciences, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biomedical Technology/Technician, B

Biophysics, B

Botany/Plant Biology, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, AB

Communication and Media Studies, M

Community Psychology, M

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

Computer Programming/Programmer, B

Computer Science, B

Construction Engineering, B

Counseling Psychology, D

Curriculum and Instruction, MDO

Developmental Psychology, MD

Dietetics/Dieticians, B

Economics, BM

Education, BMDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MDO

Educational Leadership and Administration, MDO

Educational Psychology, MD

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering and Applied Sciences, M

Engineering Technology, AB

English, M

English Education, M

English Language and Literature, B

Family and Community Services, B

Family and Consumer Economics and Related Services, B

Finance and Banking, M

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

Foreign Language Teacher Education, M

French Language and Literature, B

History, BM

Horticultural Science, A

Human Services, M

Information Science/Studies, B

International Development, M

Journalism, B

Landscaping and Groundskeeping, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, AB

Management, M

Marketing, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, BM

Mechanical Engineering, B

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, AB

Music, BM

Music Teacher Education, B

Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, B

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nutritional Sciences, M

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, MDP

Photography, AB

Physical Therapy/Therapist, BD

Physics, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, BMDO

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious Education, BMDO

School Psychology, MO

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, BM

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Social Sciences, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, M

Social Work, BM

Sociology, B

Software Engineering, M

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, M

Technology Education/Industrial Arts, B

Theology and Religious Vocations, MDPO

Theology/Theological Studies, B

Voice and Opera, B

Youth Ministry, B

Zoology/Animal Biology, B

AQUINAS COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Arts Management, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business/Corporate Communications, B

Ceramic Arts and Ceramics, B

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Science, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Drawing, B

Economics, B

Education, BM

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental Sciences, B

Environmental Studies, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

General Studies, B

Geography, B

German Language and Literature, B

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Japanese Language and Literature, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Management, M

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Organizational Communication, B

Painting, B

Philosophy, B

Photography, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Printmaking, B

Psychology, B

Reading Teacher Education, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious Education, B

Religious/Sacred Music, AB

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Sculpture, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor, B

Urban Studies/Affairs, B

AVE MARIA COLLEGE

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Comparative Literature, B

Economics, B

History, B

Mathematics, B

Philosophy, B

Political Science and Government, B

Theology/Theological Studies, B

BAKER COLLEGE OF ALLEN PARK

Accounting, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer Science, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications, A

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, A

Executive Assistant/Executive Secretary, A

Interior Design, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Medical Insurance Coding Specialist/Coder, A

Medical Insurance Specialist/Medical Biller, A

Medical Office Computer Specialist/Assistant, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Receptionist, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Word Processing, A

BAKER COLLEGE OF AUBURN HILLS

Accounting, AB

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Typography and Composition Equipment Operator, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Education, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, AB

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, AB

Interior Design, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, AB

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, AB

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager, A

BAKER COLLEGE OF CADILLAC

Accounting, AB

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Computer Graphics, A

Computer Typography and Composition Equipment Operator, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Education, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Information Science/Studies, AB

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Quality Control Technology/Technician, A

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, A

BAKER COLLEGE OF CLINTON TOWNSHIP

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business/Office Automation/Technology/Data Entry, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Typography and Composition Equipment Operator, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Human Services, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Interior Design, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiographer, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

BAKER COLLEGE OF FLINT

Accounting, AB

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, AB

Airline/Commercial/Professional Pilot and Flight Crew, A

Architectural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Avionics Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Biomedical Technology/Technician, A

Building/Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business/Commerce, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, AB

Computer Graphics, B

Computer Programming/Programmer, AB

Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst, AB

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Computer Teacher Education, A

Computer Typography and Composition Equipment Operator, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, AB

Energy Management and Systems Technology/Technician, A

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies, A

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, A

Executive Assistant/Executive Secretary, A

Family and Community Services, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, AB

Health Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician, A

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, AB

Hospitality Administration/Management, A

Human Services, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, B

Information Science/Studies, AB

Interior Design, AB

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, AB

Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD, A

Mechanical Engineering, B

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical Transcription/Transcriptionist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, B

Office Management and Supervision, AB

Operations Management and Supervision, AB

Orthotist/Prosthetist, A

Pharmacy Technician/Assistant, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

Quality Control Technology/Technician, A

Sales, Distribution and Marketing Operations, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

Tourism and Travel Services Management, A

Transportation and Materials Moving, A

BAKER COLLEGE OF JACKSON

Accounting, AB

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business/Commerce, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, A

Computer Typography and Composition Equipment Operator, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Health Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, AB

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Marketing Research, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, AB

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical Transcription/Transcriptionist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Office Management and Supervision, A

Pharmacy Technician/Assistant, A

Sales, Distribution and Marketing Operations, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, A

BAKER COLLEGE OF MUSKEGON

Accounting, AB

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, AB

Airline/Commercial/Professional Pilot and Flight Crew, A

Architectural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD, A

Aviation/Airway Management and Operations, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, B

Corrections, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, AB

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Human Services, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, AB

Interior Design, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, AB

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapist Assistant, A

Pharmacy Technician/Assistant, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

Quality Control Technology/Technician, A

Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiographer, A

Rehabilitation Therapy, B

Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

Tourism and Travel Services Management, A

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, A

BAKER COLLEGE OF OWOSSO

Accounting, AB

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, AB

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, AB

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, AB

Computer Science, AB

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Consumer Merchandising/Retailing Management, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, AB

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, A

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

Hospitality Administration/Management, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, AB

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, AB

Information Science/Studies, AB

Interior Design, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, AB

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

BAKER COLLEGE OF PORT HURON

Accounting, AB

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, AB

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Information Science/Studies, AB

Interior Design, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, AB

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

BAY MILLS COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Ethnic and Cultural Studies, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Human Services, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Modern Languages, A

Public Administration, A

Public Health (MPH, DPH), A

Reading Teacher Education, A

Social Sciences, A

BAY DE NOC COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business/Commerce, A

Child Care and Support Services Management, A

Community Health Services/Liaison/Counseling, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, A

Human Services, A

Hydrology and Water Resources Science, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Social Work, A

Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment Management and Recycling Technology/Technician, A

Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and Paper Technology, A

CALVIN COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Asian Studies/Civilization, B

Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Bilingual and Multilingual Education, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

BioTechnology, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business/Corporate Communications, B

Chemical Engineering, B

Chemistry, B

Civil Engineering, B

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer Science, B

Conducting, B

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Development Economics and International Development, B

Digital Communication and Media/Multimedia, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, M

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Studies, B

Film/Cinema Studies, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

Geography, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

German Language and Literature, B

Germanic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

History, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Latin Language and Literature, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mechanical Engineering, B

Modern Greek Language and Literature, B

Music, B

Music History, Literature, and Theory, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Music Theory and Composition, B

Natural Sciences, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physical Sciences, B

Physics, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Public Administration, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor, B

Theology/Theological Studies, B

Therapeutic Recreation/Recreational Therapy, B

Voice and Opera, B

CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

Accounting and Related Services, B

Actuarial Science, B

Advertising, B

Anthropology, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Astronomy, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Automotive Engineering Technology/Technician, BMO

Banking and Financial Support Services, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, BM

Business Education, M

Business Teacher Education, B

Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, B

Business/Commerce, B

Chemistry, BM

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Child and Family Studies, M

Child Care and Support Services Management, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical Psychology, D

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Communication and Media Studies, M

Communication Disorders, MD

Community Organization and Advocacy, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Computer Science, M

Computer Teacher Education, B

Conservation Biology, M

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Corporate and Organizational Communication, M

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Creative Writing, B

Criminology, BM

Dietetics/Dieticians, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, BM

Education, MDO

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation, B

Educational Administration and Supervision, MDO

Educational Leadership and Administration, D

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English, M

English as a Second Language, M

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental Studies, B

European Studies/Civilization, B

Exercise and Sports Science, M

Experimental Psychology, MD

Family Systems, B

Fashion Merchandising, B

Film, Television, and Video Production, M

Finance, B

Finance and Banking, M

Financial Planning and Services, B

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Foodservice Systems Administration/Management, B

French Language and Literature, B

French Language Teacher Education, B

Geography, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

German Language and Literature, B

German Language Teacher Education, B

Health Promotion, M

Health Services Administration, MDO

Health Teacher Education, B

History, BMD

History Teacher Education, B

Home Economics, M

Hospital and Health Care Facilities Administration/Management, B

Hospitality Administration/Management, BMO

Human Development, M

Human Resources Management and Services, MO

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, M

Industrial and Manufacturing Management, M

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, MD

Industrial Education, M

Industrial Engineering, B

Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians, B

Interior Architecture, B

International Affairs, MO

International Business/Trade/Commerce, BM

International Relations and Affairs, B

Journalism, B

Leisure Studies, M

Logistics and Materials Management, B

Management, M

Management Information Systems and Services, BMO

Marketing, BM

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, M

Mathematics, BMD

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, B

Media Studies, M

Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology, B

Middle School Education, M

Music, BM

Music History, Literature, and Theory, B

Music Teacher Education, BM

Music Theory and Composition, B

Natural Resources and Conservation, B

Neuroscience, B

Nutritional Sciences, M

Oceanography, Chemical and Physical, B

Office Management and Supervision, B

Operations Management and Supervision, B

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Physical Sciences, B

Physical Therapy/Therapist, D

Physician Assistant, M

Physics, BM

Physics Teacher Education, B

Political Science and Government, BM

Psychology, BMDO

Public Administration, MO

Public Health (MPH, DPH), B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Radio and Television, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Recreation and Park Management, M

Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions, B

Rehabilitation Sciences, MD

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher Education, B

Sales, Distribution and Marketing Operations, B

School Psychology, DO

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, BM

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Science Teacher Education, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, BM

Software Engineering, MO

Spanish Language and Literature, BM

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Special Education and Teaching, M

Speech and Interpersonal Communication, M

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, BM

Speech Teacher Education, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, BM

Statistics, B

Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, B

Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education, B

Theater, M

Therapeutic Recreation/Recreational Therapy, B

Travel and Tourism, MO

Women's Studies, B

Writing, M

CLEARY UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, A

Finance, B

Financial Planning and Services, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Management, M

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY

Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Fire Services Administration, B

General Studies, A

Health and Physical Education, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Hospitality Administration/Management, B

Human Development and Family Studies, B

Journalism, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Modern Greek Language and Literature, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious Education, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Speech Teacher Education, B

CORNERSTONE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Airline/Commercial/Professional Pilot and Flight Crew, B

Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Broadcast Journalism, A

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, B

Creative Writing, B

Cultural Studies, P

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental Biology, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, BM

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, AB

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Music Theory and Composition, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, BMP

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious Education, ABMP

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Science Teacher Education, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Theology and Religious Vocations, MP

DAVENPORT UNIVERSITY (DEARBORN)

Accounting, ABM

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business/Commerce, B

Computer and Information Sciences, AB

Computer and Information Systems Security, B

Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification, B

Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst, AB

Data Modeling/Warehousing and Database Administration, B

E-Commerce/Electronic Commerce, B

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electronic Commerce, M

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies, AB

Finance, AB

Finance and Banking, M

Health Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician, A

Health Services Administration, M

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

Human Resources Management and Services, M

Information Technology, AB

International Business/Trade/Commerce, BM

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, AB

Management, M

Management Information Systems and Services, AB

Marketing, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, AB

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, AB

Nursing Science, A

Prepress/Desktop Publishing and Digital Imaging Design, A

System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager, B

DAVENPORT UNIVERSITY (MIDLAND)

Accounting, A

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business/Office Automation/Technology/Data Entry, A

Carpentry/Carpenter, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Typography and Composition Equipment Operator, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Finance, A

Hospitality Administration/Management, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

DELTA COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Apparel and Textile Marketing Management, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Avionics Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Building/Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Carpentry/Carpenter, A

Chemical Engineering, A

Child Development, A

Computer and Information Systems Security, A

Computer Science, A

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Construction Trades, A

Consumer Merchandising/Retailing Management, A

Corrections, A

Cosmetology/Cosmetologist, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Dental Assisting/Assistant, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Electrician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering Technology, A

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies, A

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, A

Executive Assistant/Executive Secretary, A

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

General Office Occupations and Clerical Services, A

Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology/Technician, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Information Technology, A

Interior Design, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Merchandising and Buying Operations, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Office Management and Supervision, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

Physician Assistant, A

Pipefitting/Pipefitter and Sprinkler Fitter, A

Psychology, A

Public Health Education and Promotion, A

Radio and Television Broadcasting Technology/Technician, A

Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiographer, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Security and Loss Prevention Services, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

Technology Education/Industrial Arts, A

Tool and Die Technology/Technician, A

Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment Management and Recycling Technology/Technician, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

Actuarial Science, B

African-American/Black Studies, B

Airline/Commercial/Professional Pilot and Flight Crew, B

American/United States Studies/Civilization, M

Anthropology, B

Applied Economics, M

Architecture, B

Art Education, M

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Arts Management, BM

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Aviation/Airway Management and Operations, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Commerce, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician, B

Chemistry, BMO

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical Psychology, MD

Communication and Media Studies, M

Communication Disorders, M

Communications Technology/Technician, B

Community Organization and Advocacy, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Computer Science, BM

Computer Teacher Education, B

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Construction Management, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, MO

Creative Writing, B

Criminology, BM

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Dance, B

Dietetics/Dieticians, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Economics, BM

Education, MDO

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments, Including Deafness, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Orthopedic and Other Physical Health Impairments, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language Impairments, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments, Including Blindness, B

Educational Leadership and Administration, MDO

Educational Psychology, M

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Electronic Commerce, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering Technology, B

English, M

English as a Second Language, MO

English Composition, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies, B

Exercise and Sports Science, M

Facilities Planning and Management, B

Fashion Merchandising, B

Film/Cinema Studies, B

Finance, B

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Foreign Language Teacher Education, B

Foundations and Philosophy of Education, M

French Language and Literature, BM

French Language Teacher Education, B

General Merchandising, Sales, and Related Marketing Operations, B

Geography, BM

Geology/Earth Science, B

Geophysics and Seismology, B

German Language and Literature, BMO

German Language Teacher Education, B

Germanic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Gerontology, O

Health and Physical Education, B

Health Promotion, M

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

Hispanic Studies, O

Historic Preservation and Conservation, M

History, BM

History Teacher Education, B

Hospitality Administration/Management, B

Human Resources Management and Services, M

Industrial and Manufacturing Management, M

Industrial Technology/Technician, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Interior Design, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, BM

International Economics, B

International Trade, M

Japanese Language and Literature, B

Journalism, B

Labor Studies, B

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, B

Linguistics, BM

Logistics and Materials Management, M

Management, M

Management Information Systems and Services, BMO

Manufacturing Technology/Technician, B

Marketing, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, BM

Mathematics Teacher Education, BM

Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD, B

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, B

Middle School Education, M

Multilingual and Multicultural Education, M

Music, BM

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Music Therapy/Therapist, B

Nursing - Adult, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nursing Education, MO

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, BM

Office Management and Supervision, B

Organizational Management, M

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physical Sciences, B

Physics, BM

Physics Teacher Education, B

Plastics Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Political Science and Government, B

Polymer/Plastics Engineering, M

Psychology, BMD

Public Administration, BM

Public Administration and Social Service Professions, B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Quality Management, M

Radio and Television Broadcasting Technology/Technician, B

Reading Teacher Education, BM

Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher Education, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, BM

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Security and Protective Services, B

Social Science Teacher Education, B

Social Sciences, BM

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Social Work, BMO

Sociology, BM

Spanish Language and Literature, BM

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Special Education and Teaching, BMO

Specialized Merchandising, Sales, and Marketing Operations, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, M

Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Statistics, BM

Technical and Business Writing, B

Technology and Public Policy, M

Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education, B

Theater, M

Theatre/Theatre Arts Management, B

Therapeutic Recreation/Recreational Therapy, B

Toxicology, B

Women's Studies, BM

Writing, M

FERRIS STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, AB

Actuarial Science, B

Advertising, B

Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services, M

Applied Mathematics, B

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, AB

Biology Technician/BioTechnology Laboratory Technician, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Building/Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemical Engineering, A

Chemistry, B

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, AB

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Communications Technology/Technician, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, B

Computer Science, M

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Consumer Merchandising/Retailing Management, B

Criminal Justice/Police Science, B

Criminology, M

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Design and Applied Arts, M

Developmental Education, M

Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Education, M

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Educational Leadership and Administration, M

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Electronic Commerce, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Environmental Health, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education, B

Finance, B

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Furniture Design and Manufacturing, B

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, AB

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, AB

Heavy Equipment Maintenance Technology/Technician, AB

Hospitality Administration/Management, B

Human Services, M

Industrial Design, A

Industrial Engineering, B

Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, AB

Information Science/Studies, B

Insurance, B

Interior Design, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Labor and Industrial Relations, B

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Management Information Systems and Services, BM

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics and Statistics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Metal and Jewelry Arts, B

Mortuary Science and Embalming/Embalmer, A

Music Management and Merchandising, B

Nuclear Medical Technology/Technologist, AB

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, AB

Nursing Administration, M

Nursing Education, M

Occupational Safety and Health Technology/Technician, AB

Opticianry/Ophthalmic Dispensing Optician, A

Optometry, P

Ornamental Horticulture, A

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Pharmacy, P

Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Administration, B

Plastics Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

Polymer/Plastics Engineering, B

Pre-Engineering, A

Pre-Law Studies, A

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, A

Prepress/Desktop Publishing and Digital Imaging Design, B

Public Administration, B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Quality Control Technology/Technician, B

Quality Management, M

Real Estate, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Restaurant, Culinary, and Catering Management/Manager, A

Restaurant/Food Services Management, A

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Work, B

Special Products Marketing Operations, A

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, A

Statistics, B

Survey Technology/Surveying, AB

Technical and Business Writing, AB

Welding Technology/Welder, AB

FINLANDIA UNIVERSITY

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Ceramic Arts and Ceramics, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Education, B

Fiber, Textile and Weaving Arts, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

General Studies, A

Human Services, B

Industrial Design, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

GLEN OAKS COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

GOGEBIC COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Building/Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business/Office Automation/Technology/Data Entry, A

Carpentry/Carpenter, A

Child Care and Support Services Management, A

Child Development, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Graphics, A

Computer Programming, Specific Applications, A

Computer Science, A

Computer Typography and Composition Equipment Operator, A

Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, A

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Education, A

Engineering, A

Forest Sciences and Biology, A

Graphic and Printing Equipment Operator Production, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, A

Information Technology, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Mathematics, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Office Management and Supervision, A

Psychology, A

Social Sciences, A

Social Work, A

Sociology, A

System Administration/Administrator, A

Word Processing, A

GRACE BIBLE COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Digital Communication and Media/Multimedia, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Finance and Financial Management Services, B

Human Services, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management Science, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology, B

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, B

Religion/Religious Studies, A

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Theology/Theological Studies, B

Youth Ministry, B

GRAND RAPIDS COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Fashion Merchandising, A

Forestry, A

Geology/Earth Science, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Mass Communication/Media Studies, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Music, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Plastics Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Quality Control Technology/Technician, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching, M

Advertising, B

Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services, MD

Anthropology, B

Applied Mathematics, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Behavioral Sciences, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biomedical Sciences, B

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MO

Cell/Cellular and Molecular Biology, B

Ceramic Arts and Ceramics, B

Chemistry, B

Cinematography and Film/Video Production, B

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Communication and Media Studies, M

Comparative Literature, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Engineering, BM

Computer Programming/Programmer, B

Computer Science, B

Creative Writing, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Criminal Justice/Police Science, B

Criminology, MO

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Drawing, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Economics, B

Education, BM

Education/Teaching of the Gifted and Talented, M

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Educational Leadership and Administration, M

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Electrical Engineering, M

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, M

Engineering/Industrial Management, B

English, M

English as a Second Language, M

English Language and Literature, B

European Studies/Civilization, B

Film/Cinema Studies, B

Finance, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

German Language and Literature, B

Health Services Administration, M

Higher Education/Higher Education Administration, M

History, B

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Hydrology and Water Resources Science, B

Industrial Engineering, B

Information Science/Studies, BM

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Journalism, B

Labor and Industrial Relations, B

Land Use Planning and Management/Development, B

Law and Legal Studies, B

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Manufacturing Engineering, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mechanical Engineering, BM

Metal and Jewelry Arts, B

Middle School Education, M

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Natural Resources Management/Development and Policy, B

Natural Sciences, B

Nursing, MO

Nursing - Advanced Practice, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nursing Administration, M

Nursing Education, M

Occupational Safety and Health Technology/Technician, B

Occupational Therapist Assistant, B

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, M

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Philosophy, B

Photography, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physical Sciences, B

Physical Therapy/Therapist, BMD

Physician Assistant, BM

Physics, B

Physiological Psychology/Psychobiology, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Printmaking, B

Psychology, B

Public Administration, BM

Public Health (MPH, DPH), B

Public Policy Analysis, B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Radiation Biology/Radiobiology, B

Radio and Television, B

Reading Teacher Education, BM

Russian Studies, B

School Psychology, M

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Sculpture, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Social Work, BM

Sociology, B

Software Engineering, M

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Statistics, B

Taxation, M

Technical and Business Writing, B

Telecommunications Technology/Technician, B

Therapeutic Recreation/Recreational Therapy, B

Tourism and Travel Services Management, B

Violin, Viola, Guitar and Other Stringed Instruments, B

Voice and Opera, B

Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management, B

Wildlife Biology, B

Wind and Percussion Instruments, B

Women's Studies, B

GREAT LAKES CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Divinity/Ministry (BD, MDiv.), B

Education, B

Music, B

Religious Education, A

Theology/Theological Studies, B

HENRY FORD COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Applied Art, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business Machine Repairer, A

Ceramic Arts and Ceramics, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer Science, A

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Dance, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, A

Drawing, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Energy Management and Systems Technology/Technician, A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

Food Technology and Processing, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Hospitality Administration/Management, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Instrumentation Technology/Technician, A

Interior Design, A

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mass Communication/Media Studies, A

Materials Sciences, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Quality Control Technology/Technician, A

Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiographer, A

Real Estate, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Special Products Marketing Operations, A

Transportation and Materials Moving, A

HILLSDALE COLLEGE

Accounting, B

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Christian Studies, B

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Comparative Literature, B

Computer Science, B

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Economics, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

European Studies/Civilization, B

Finance, B

French Language and Literature, B

German Language and Literature, B

History, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

HOPE COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Architecture, B

Area Studies, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer Science, B

Construction Trades, B

Dance, B

Drama and Dance Teacher Education, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering, B

Engineering Physics, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental Studies, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

French Language Teacher Education, B

General Studies, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

Geophysics and Seismology, B

German Language and Literature, B

German Language Teacher Education, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

International/Global Studies, B

Japanese Language and Literature, B

Jazz/Jazz Studies, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Latin Language and Literature, B

Latin Teacher Education, B

Law and Legal Studies, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Library Science, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians, B

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Music Theory and Composition, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Physics Teacher Education, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Precision Production Trades, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Science Technologies/Technicians, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, B

Theology and Religious Vocations, B

Transportation and Materials Moving, B

Violin, Viola, Guitar and Other Stringed Instruments, B

Voice and Opera, B

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (CANTON)

Business Administration and Management, A

CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (GRAND RAPIDS)

Business Administration and Management, A

CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (TROY)

Business Administration and Management, A

CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

JACKSON COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting and Finance, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Airline/Commercial/Professional Pilot and Flight Crew, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, A

Construction Trades, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician, A

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Executive Assistant/Executive Secretary, A

General Studies, A

Graphic Design, A

Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology/Technician, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Medical Insurance Specialist/Medical Biller, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Medical Transcription/Transcriptionist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

KALAMAZOO COLLEGE

Anthropology, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Computer Science, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

English Language and Literature, B

French Language and Literature, B

German Language and Literature, B

History, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Philosophy, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Public Health (MPH, DPH), B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

KALAMAZOO VALLEY COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Chemical Technology/Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Executive Assistant/Executive Secretary, A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology/Technician, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Plastics Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Public Health (MPH, DPH), A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

KELLOGG COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Anthropology, A

Art Teacher Education, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Chemical Technology/Technician, A

Chemistry, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Graphics, A

Computer Programming, Specific Applications, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Software and Media Applications, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, A

Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering, A

English Language and Literature, A

Executive Assistant/Executive Secretary, A

Fire Protection and Safety Technology/Technician, A

General Studies, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

History, A

Human Services, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

International Relations and Affairs, A

Journalism, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Mathematics, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Music, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Philosophy, A

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

Physics, A

Pipefitting/Pipefitter and Sprinkler Fitter, A

Plastics Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Political Science and Government, A

Pre-Law Studies, A

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, A

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, A

Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies, A

Pre-Veterinary Studies, A

Psychology, A

Public Relations/Image Management, A

Radio and Television Broadcasting Technology/Technician, A

Robotics Technology/Technician, A

Secondary Education and Teaching, A

Sheet Metal Technology/Sheetworking, A

Social Work, A

Sociology, A

Special Education and Teaching, A

Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

Word Processing, A

KETTERING UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Accounting and Finance, B

Applied Mathematics, B

Automotive Engineering Technology/Technician, M

Biochemistry, B

Biomedical/Medical Engineering, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Computer Engineering, B

Computer Science, B

Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, B

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, M

Engineering Design, M

Engineering Management, M

Engineering/Industrial Management, B

Finance, B

Industrial Engineering, B

Information Science/Studies, BM

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Manufacturing Engineering, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mechanical Engineering, BM

Operations Management and Supervision, B

Operations Research, M

Physics, B

Polymer/Plastics Engineering, B

Statistics, B

KIRTLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Corrections, A

Cosmetology/Cosmetologist, A

Creative Writing, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

KUYPER COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Bible/Biblical Studies, AB

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Child Development, AB

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Divinity/Ministry (BD, MDiv.), B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, B

Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies, B

Religious Education, AB

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Work, B

Theology/Theological Studies, B

Youth Ministry, B

LAKE MICHIGAN COLLEGE

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Dental Assisting/Assistant, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Graphic Design, A

Hospitality Administration/Management, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical Office Assistant/Specialist, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/Technician, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Plastics Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Precision Production Trades, A

LAKE SUPERIOR STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, AB

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, A

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Comparative Literature, B

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

Computer Science, B

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Corrections, AB

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, AB

Criminal Justice/Police Science, AB

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, AB

Education, B

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering, A

Engineering Technology, A

Engineering/Industrial Management, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, B

Environmental Studies, B

Finance, B

Fire Science/Firefighting, AB

French Studies, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

History, B

Human Services, B

Hydrology and Water Resources Science, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Law and Legal Studies, AB

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, AB

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Mathematics, B

Mathematics and Computer Science, B

Mechanical Engineering, B

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, AB

Mental Health/Rehabilitation, A

Natural Resources Management/Development and Policy, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Office Management and Supervision, A

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Psychiatric/Mental Health Services Technician, A

Psychology, B

Robotics Technology/Technician, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Sociology, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, A

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment Management and Recycling Technology/Technician, A

Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management, B

LANSING COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Airline/Commercial/Professional Pilot and Flight Crew, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Avionics Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Biology Technician/BioTechnology Laboratory Technician, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Broadcast Journalism, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Carpentry/Carpenter, A

Chemical Engineering, A

Chemistry, A

Child Development, A

Cinematography and Film/Video Production, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Graphics, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Typography and Composition Equipment Operator, A

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Consumer Merchandising/Retailing Management, A

Corrections, A

Court Reporting/Court Reporter, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Dance, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Developmental and Child Psychology, A

Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, A

Education, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering, A

Engineering Technology, A

English Language and Literature, A

Film/Cinema Studies, A

Finance, A

Fine/Studio Arts, A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

Geography, A

Geology/Earth Science, A

Gerontology, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Heavy Equipment Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Horticultural Science, A

Hospitality Administration/Management, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, A

Human Services, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

International Business/Trade/Commerce, A

Journalism, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Labor and Industrial Relations, A

Landscape Architecture, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mass Communication/Media Studies, A

Mathematics, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Music, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Philosophy, A

Photography, A

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Public Administration, A

Public Relations/Image Management, A

Quality Control Technology/Technician, A

Radio and Television, A

Real Estate, A

Religion/Religious Studies, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation, A

Social Work, A

Special Products Marketing Operations, A

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

Survey Technology/Surveying, A

Teacher Assistant/Aide, A

Telecommunications Technology/Technician, A

Tourism and Travel Services Management, A

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, A

Voice and Opera, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Architecture, BM

Automotive Engineering Technology/Technician, M

Biochemistry, B

Biomedical/Medical Engineering, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MD

Chemical Technology/Technician, A

Chemistry, B

Civil Engineering, BM

Communications Technology/Technician, B

Computer Engineering, BM

Computer Science, BM

Construction Engineering and Management, M

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Construction Management, B

Education, M

Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Electrical Engineering, M

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

Engineering Management, M

Engineering Technology, B

Engineering/Industrial Management, B

Environmental Design/Architecture, B

General Studies, A

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Illustration, B

Industrial and Manufacturing Management, M

Industrial Technology/Technician, B

Information Technology, B

Interior Architecture, B

Interior Design, M

Management Information Systems and Services, M

Management of Technology, D

Manufacturing Engineering, MD

Manufacturing Technology/Technician, A

Mathematics, B

Mathematics and Computer Science, B

Mechanical Engineering, BM

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Physics, B

Psychology, B

Radio and Television, A

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, M

LEWIS COLLEGE OF BUSINESS

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Agriculture, A

Architectural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Automotive Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business/Commerce, A

Business/Office Automation/Technology/Data Entry, A

Cabinetmaking and Millwork/Millwright, A

Chemistry, A

Child Care and Support Services Management, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, A

Computer Programming, Specific Applications, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electrical/Electronics Equipment Installation and Repair, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Energy Management and Systems Technology/Technician, A

Engineering, A

Finance, A

Fire Protection and Safety Technology/Technician, A

Forensic Science and Technology, A

General Studies, A

Graphic and Printing Equipment Operator Production, A

Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology/Technician, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

International/Global Studies, A

Law and Legal Studies, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Manufacturing Technology/Technician, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mathematics, A

Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians, A

Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Mental Health/Rehabilitation, A

Metallurgical Technology/Technician, A

Music Performance, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapist Assistant, A

Operations Management and Supervision, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

Plastics Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Plumbing Technology/Plumber, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Quality Control Technology/Technician, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Robotics Technology/Technician, A

Sheet Metal Technology/Sheetworking, A

Social Psychology, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

Survey Technology/Surveying, A

Tool and Die Technology/Technician, A

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

MADONNA UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Adult Development and Aging, AB

American Sign Language (ASL), AB

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, AB

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, AB

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Chemistry, AB

Child Development, AB

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical Psychology, M

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, AB

Computer and Information Sciences, AB

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Science, AB

Consumer Merchandising/Retailing Management, AB

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, AB

Criminology, M

Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services, B

Education, BM

Educational Leadership and Administration, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering, B

English as a Second Language, M

English Language and Literature, AB

Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, B

Fine Arts and Art Studies, B

Fire Science/Firefighting, AB

Food Technology and Processing, B

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, AB

French Language and Literature, B

General Studies, B

Gerontology, AB

Health Services Administration, M

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, AB

Health/Medical Preparatory Programs, B

History, B

Hospice Nursing, M

Hospitality Administration/Management, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, B

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, B

Information Science/Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, BM

Journalism, AB

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, AB

Liberal Studies, M

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Management Science, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, AB

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Management and Merchandising, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Natural Sciences, AB

Nursing, ABMO

Nursing - Adult, M

Nursing - Advanced Practice, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nursing Administration, M

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, BM

Philosophy, B

Polish Language and Literature, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, BM

Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication, AB

Public Relations/Image Management, AB

Quality Control and Safety Technologies/Technicians, AB

Quality Management, M

Radio, Television, and Digital Communication, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Religion/Religious Studies, AB

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Science Technologies/Technicians, AB

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Special Products Marketing Operations, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, AB

Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, B

Technical and Business Writing, B

Theology and Religious Vocations, M

Trade and Industrial Teacher Education, B

MARYGROVE COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching, M

Applied Art, B

Art Therapy/Therapist, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business/Commerce, AB

Chemistry, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Corrections, A

Dance, B

Education, BM

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances, B

Educational Leadership and Administration, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Biology, B

Environmental Studies, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

General Studies, B

History, B

Human Resources Management and Services, M

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, AB

Legal and Justice Studies, M

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, M

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Sciences, B

Social Work, B

Translation and Interpretation, M

Urban Education and Leadership, M

MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BMD

Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching, MD

Advertising, B

Advertising and Public Relations, M

African Studies, MD

African-American/Black Studies, MD

Agricultural Business and Management, B

Agricultural Communication/Journalism, B

Agricultural Economics, BMD

Agricultural Engineering, MD

Agricultural Sciences, MD

Agricultural/Biological Engineering and Bioengineering, B

Agriculture, Agriculture Operations and Related Sciences, B

Agronomy and Soil Sciences, MD

Allopathic Medicine, P

American/United States Studies/Civilization, BMD

Ancient Studies/Civilization, B

Animal Sciences, BMD

Anthropology, BMD

Apparel and Textiles, B

Applied Economics, B

Applied Mathematics, BMD

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Astronomy, MD

Astrophysics, BM

Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Biochemistry, BMD

Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, B

Bioethics/Medical Ethics, M

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biological Anthropology, D

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biomedical/Medical Engineering, B

Biosystems Engineering, MD

Botany/Plant Biology, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MD

Cell Biology and Anatomy, MD

Chemical Engineering, BMD

Chemical Physics, B

Chemistry, BMD

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Child and Family Studies, MD

Child Development, B

City/Urban, Community and Regional Planning, B

Civil Engineering, BMD

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical Laboratory Sciences, M

Communication and Media Studies, MD

Communication Disorders, M

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Composition, MD

Computational Mathematics, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Engineering, B

Computer Science, MD

Construction Engineering and Management, MD

Construction Management, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, MD

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, B

Criminology, MD

Curriculum and Instruction, MDO

Dietetics/Dieticians, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

East Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Economics, BMD

Education, BMDO

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments, Including Deafness, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities, B

Educational Administration and Supervision, MDO

Educational Measurement and Evaluation, D

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, MD

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

Engineering Management, M

English, MD

English as a Second Language, M

English Language and Literature, B

Entomology, BMD

Environmental Biology, B

Environmental Design/Architecture, M

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, MD

Environmental Sciences, BMD

Environmental Studies, B

Epidemiology, MD

Family and Community Services, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, B

Fashion/Apparel Design, B

Finance, B

Finance and Banking, MD

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Fish, Game and Wildlife Management, MD

Food Science, B

Food Science and Technology, MD

Food Services Management, M

Forensic Science and Technology, M

Forestry, BMD

French Language and Literature, BMD

Genetics, MD

Geography, BMD

Geology/Earth Science, BMD

Geophysics and Seismology, B

Geosciences, MD

German Language and Literature, BM

Higher Education/Higher Education Administration, MD

Hispanic Studies, MD

History, BMD

Home Economics, D

Horticultural Science, BMD

Hospitality Administration/Management, BM

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, B

Human Resources Management and Services, MD

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, BM

Industrial and Labor Relations, MD

Interior Design, BM

International Affairs, M

International Relations and Affairs, B

International/Global Studies, B

Jazz/Jazz Studies, B

Journalism, BM

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Kinesiology and Movement Studies, MD

Landscape Architecture, B

Linguistics, MD

Logistics and Materials Management, BM

Management Information Systems and Services, MD

Manufacturing Engineering, MD

Marketing, MD

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Marriage and Family Therapy/Counseling, M

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Materials Engineering, MD

Materials Sciences, BMD

Mathematics, BMD

Mathematics Teacher Education, MD

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Mechanics, MD

Media Studies, MD

Merchandising and Buying Operations, B

Microbiology, BMD

Molecular Biology, MD

Molecular Genetics, D

Music, BMD

Music Pedagogy, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, BM

Music Theory and Composition, BM

Music Therapy/Therapist, BM

Musicology and Ethnomusicology, M

Natural Resource Economics, B

Natural Resources Management/Development and Policy, MD

Neuroscience, MD

Nursing, MD

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nutritional Sciences, BMD

Operations Management and Supervision, B

Organizational Management, MD

Osteopathic Medicine, P

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Pathobiology, MD

Pathology/Experimental Pathology, MD

Performance, MD

Pharmacology, MD

Philosophy, BMD

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, B

Physical Chemistry, D

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physical Sciences, B

Physics, BMD

Physiology, BMD

Plant Biology, MD

Plant Pathology/Phytopathology, BMD

Plant Sciences, MD

Political Science and Government, BMD

Portuguese Language and Literature, MD

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, BMD

Public Administration, B

Public Health, M

Radio and Television, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Recreation and Park Management, MD

Rehabilitation Counseling, MD

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Rhetoric, MD

Romance Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, MD

Russian Language and Literature, B

School Psychology, MDO

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, M

Science, Technology and Society, B

Social Science Teacher Education, B

Social Sciences, BM

Social Studies Teacher Education, M

Social Work, BMD

Sociology, BMD

Soil Science and Agronomy, B

Spanish Language and Literature, BMD

Special Education and Teaching, BMD

Statistics, BMD

Technical and Business Writing, B

Telecommunications, M

Telecommunications Technology/Technician, B

Theater, M

Toxicology, MD

Urban and Regional Planning, M

Veterinary Medicine, P

Veterinary Sciences, MD

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, B

Writing, MD

Zoology/Animal Biology, BMD

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Actuarial Science, B

Applied Mathematics, B

Archeology, MD

Audio Engineering, B

Biochemistry, B

Bioinformatics, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology Technician/BioTechnology Laboratory Technician, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biomedical Engineering, D

Biomedical/Medical Engineering, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemical Engineering, BMD

Chemical Physics, B

Chemistry, BMD

Civil Engineering, BMD

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computational Mathematics, B

Computational Sciences, D

Computer Engineering, BD

Computer Programming/Programmer, B

Computer Science, B

Computer Software Engineering, B

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, B

Computer Teacher Education, B

Construction Engineering, B

CytoTechnology/Cytotechnologist, B

Digital Communication and Media/Multimedia, B

Ecology, BM

Economics, B

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

Engineering Mechanics, B

Engineering Physics, BD

Engineering Technology, A

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, MD

Environmental Policy, M

Environmental Sciences, B

Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering, B

Finance, B

Forestry, BMD

Forestry Technology/Technician, A

General Studies, B

Geological Engineering, MD

Geological/Geophysical Engineering, B

Geology/Earth Science, BMD

Geophysics and Seismology, BM

Histologic Technology/Histotechnologist, B

Historic Preservation and Conservation, D

History, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, A

Industrial Engineering, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Materials Engineering, BMD

Mathematics, BMD

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, AB

Mechanics, M

Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology, B

Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, B

Metallurgical Engineering, BMD

Microbiology, B

Mineral Economics, M

Mineral/Mining Engineering, MD

Molecular Biochemistry, B

Operations Management and Supervision, B

Physical Sciences, B

Physics, BMD

Plant Molecular Biology, MD

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Rhetoric, MD

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, BM

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Statistics, B

Survey Technology/Surveying, B

System Administration/Administrator, B

Technical and Business Writing, B

Technical Communication, MD

Technical Theatre/Theatre Design and Technology, B

Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education, B

Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management, B

MID MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Biology Technician/BioTechnology Laboratory Technician, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Chemical Technology/Technician, A

Chemistry, A

Child Care Provider/Assistant, A

Child Development, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Graphics, A

Computer Science, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Engineering Technology, A

Environmental Studies, A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

General Studies, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Hospitality Administration/Management, A

Hospitality and Recreation Marketing Operations, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mathematics, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical Transcription/Transcriptionist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Ophthalmic and Optometric Support Services and Allied Professions, A

Pharmacy, A

Physical Therapy/Therapist, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Psychology, A

Secondary Education and Teaching, A

Sociology, A

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, A

Speech Teacher Education, A

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, A

MONROE COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Development, A

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Graphics, A

Computer Programming, Specific Applications, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, A

English Language and Literature, A

Finance, A

Funeral Service and Mortuary Science, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Information Technology, A

Journalism, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mass Communication/Media Studies, A

Mathematics, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Physical Therapy/Therapist, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Psychology, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Social Work, A

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

Word Processing, A

MONTCALM COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Care and Support Services Management, A

Child Care Provider/Assistant, A

Computer Installation and Repair Technology/Technician, A

Corrections, A

Cosmetology/Cosmetologist, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies, A

Executive Assistant/Executive Secretary, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

MOTT COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Autobody/Collision and Repair Technology/Technician, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business/Commerce, A

Communications Technology/Technician, A

Community Health Services/Liaison/Counseling, A

Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Dental Assisting/Assistant, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies, A

Fire Protection and Safety Technology/Technician, A

Foodservice Systems Administration/Management, A

General Studies, A

Graphic Design, A

Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology/Technician, A

Histologic Technician, A

Information Resources Management/CIO Training, A

International Business/Trade/Commerce, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Manufacturing Technology/Technician, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapist Assistant, A

Office Management and Supervision, A

Photography, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

Precision Production, A

Quality Control Technology/Technician, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Salon/Beauty Salon Management/Manager, A

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation, A

Survey Technology/Surveying, A

Teacher Assistant/Aide, A

MUSKEGON COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Advertising, A

Anthropology, A

Applied Art, A

Applied Mathematics, A

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, A

Art Teacher Education, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biology Technician/BioTechnology Laboratory Technician, A

Biomedical Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business Machine Repairer, A

Chemical Engineering, A

Child Development, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Developmental and Child Psychology, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Economics, A

Education, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering Technology, A

Finance, A

Hospitality Administration/Management, A

Hospitality and Recreation Marketing Operations, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, A

Special Products Marketing Operations, A

Technology Education/Industrial Arts, A

Transportation and Materials Moving, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

NORTH CENTRAL MICHIGAN COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Development, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering Technology, A

Finance, A

Information Technology, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Pre-Engineering, A

NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Avionics Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Behavioral Sciences, B

Biochemistry, BM

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Botany/Plant Biology, B

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Commerce, A

Chemistry, BM

Child Development, AB

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Assistant, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, AB

Communication Disorders, M

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Science, B

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, B

Construction Management, B

Construction Trades, A

Corrections, A

Creative Writing, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, AB

Criminal Justice/Police Science, AB

Criminology, M

CytoTechnology/Cytotechnologist, B

Developmental and Child Psychology, B

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, AB

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Ecology, B

Economics, B

Education, BMO

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation, B

Educational Administration and Supervision, MO

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English, M

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies, B

Environmental Studies, B

Exercise and Sports Science, M

Film/Cinema Studies, B

Finance, B

Financial Planning and Services, B

Forensic Science and Technology, B

French Language and Literature, B

French Language Teacher Education, B

General Studies, A

Geography, B

Geography Teacher Education, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Health Teacher Education, B

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Histologic Technology/Histotechnologist, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Hospitality Administration/Management, B

Hospitality and Recreation Marketing Operations, B

Human/Medical Genetics, B

Hydrology and Water Resources Science, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Intermedia/Multimedia, B

International/Global Studies, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management Information Systems and Services, AB

Manufacturing Technology/Technician, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, BM

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, B

Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology, B

Microbiology, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Natural Resources and Conservation, B

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, BM

Public Administration, BM

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, BM

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Small Business Administration/Management, B

Social Science Teacher Education, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Technical and Business Writing, B

Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education, B

Writing, M

Zoology/Animal Biology, B

NORTHWESTERN MICHIGAN COLLEGE

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping, A

Agricultural Production Operations, A

Airline/Commercial/Professional Pilot and Flight Crew, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business and Personal/Financial Services Marketing Operations, A

Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, A

Business/Office Automation/Technology/Data Entry, A

Child Care and Support Services Management, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, A

Corrections and Criminal Justice, A

Crop Production, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Dental Assisting/Assistant, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, A

Education, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electromechanical and Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies/Technicians, A

Engineering, A

English Language and Literature, A

Executive Assistant/Executive Secretary, A

Forest Management/Forest Resources Management, A

Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Landscaping and Groundskeeping, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Shop Technology/Assistant, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Marine Science/Merchant Marine Officer, A

Marine Transportation, A

Maritime Science, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mathematics, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Music, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Physical Sciences, A

Social Sciences, A

Turf and Turfgrass Management, A

NORTHWOOD UNIVERSITY

Accounting, AB

Advertising, AB

Banking and Financial Support Services, AB

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business/Managerial Economics, AB

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies, AB

Fashion Merchandising, AB

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, AB

International Business/Trade/Commerce, AB

Management Information Systems and Services, AB

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, AB

Vehicle and Vehicle Parts and Accessories Marketing Operations, AB

OAKLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention, and Treatment Professions, A

Applied Horticulture/Horticultural Operations, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Architecture, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Aviation/Airway Management and Operations, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business/Office Automation/Technology/Data Entry, A

Cabinetmaking and Millwork/Millwright, A

Carpentry/Carpenter, A

Ceramic Arts and Ceramics, A

Child Care and Support Services Management, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Science and Allied Professions, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology, A

Construction Management, A

Consumer Merchandising/Retailing Management, A

Corrections and Criminal Justice, A

Cosmetology/Cosmetologist, A

Court Reporting/Court Reporter, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Electroneurodiagnostic/Electroencephalographic Technology/Technologist, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering, A

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies, A

Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians, A

Fashion Merchandising, A

Fine Arts and Art Studies, A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

Foodservice Systems Administration/Management, A

Forensic Science and Technology, A

General Studies, A

Gerontology, A

Graphic Design, A

Health and Physical Education/Fitness, A

Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, A

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, A

Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology/Technician, A

Histologic Technician, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Industrial Electronics Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Interior Design, A

International Business/Trade/Commerce, A

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, A

Landscape Architecture, A

Landscaping and Groundskeeping, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Library Assistant/Technician, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Management Science, A

Manufacturing Technology/Technician, A

Marketing, A

Massage Therapy/Therapeutic Massage, A

Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Medical Transcription/Transcriptionist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Mental and Social Health Services and Allied Professions, A

Nuclear Medical Technology/Technologist, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Office Management and Supervision, A

Operations Management and Supervision, A

Ornamental Horticulture, A

Pharmacy Technician/Assistant, A

Photography, A

Precision Metal Working, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Radio and Television Broadcasting Technology/Technician, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Restaurant/Food Services Management, A

Robotics Technology/Technician, A

Salon/Beauty Salon Management/Manager, A

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

Tool and Die Technology/Technician, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

Woodworking, A

OAKLAND UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BMO

Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services, MDO

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Anthropology, B

Applied Mathematics, MD

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MO

Cell Biology and Anatomy, M

Chemistry, BMD

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Comparative Literature, B

Computer Engineering, BM

Computer Science, BM

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, MDO

Dance, B

Directing and Theatrical Production, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, MDO

East Asian Studies, B

Economics, BO

Education, MDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, O

Educational Leadership and Administration, MDO

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, O

Electrical Engineering, M

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

Engineering Management, M

English, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Health, B

Environmental Sciences, D

Exercise and Sports Science, MO

Finance, B

Finance and Banking, O

Foundations and Philosophy of Education, M

French Language and Literature, B

German Language and Literature, B

Gerontological Nursing, M

Health and Medical Laboratory Technologies, B

Higher Education/Higher Education Administration, O

History, BM

Human Resources Development, M

Human Resources Management and Services, O

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Industrial and Manufacturing Management, O

International Business/Trade/Commerce, O

Italian Language and Literature, B

Journalism, B

Latin American Studies, B

Liberal Studies, M

Linguistics, BMO

Management Information Systems and Services, BMO

Marketing, O

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Maternal and Child Health, O

Mathematics, BM

Mathematics Teacher Education, BO

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Medical Physics, D

Music, BM

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Music Theory and Composition, B

Nurse Anesthetist, MO

Nursing, MO

Nursing - Adult, M

Nursing - Advanced Practice, MO

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nursing Education, M

Occupational Safety and Health Technology/Technician, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Therapy/Therapist, MDO

Physics, BMD

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Public Administration, BM

Public Health (MPH, DPH), B

Public Health Education and Promotion, B

Reading Teacher Education, BMDO

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Slavic Studies, B

Sociology, B

Software Engineering, M

South Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BMO

Statistics, BMO

Systems Engineering, BMD

Systems Science and Theory, M

Women's Studies, B

OLIVET COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Applied Art, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biochemistry, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Science, B

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, B

Economics, B

Education, BM

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Studies, B

Finance, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Health and Physical Education, B

History, B

Insurance, B

Journalism, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Medical Illustration/Medical Illustrator, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Sociology, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

ROCHESTER COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Behavioral Sciences, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business/Corporate Communications, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Comparative Literature, B

Counseling Psychology, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology, B

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music, B

Psychology, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Youth Ministry, B

SACRED HEART MAJOR SEMINARY

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, M

Philosophy, B

Theology and Religious Vocations, MP

Theology/Theological Studies, A

SAGINAW CHIPPEWA TRIBAL COLLEGE

American Indian/Native American Studies, A

Business/Commerce, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

SAGINAW VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biochemistry, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemical Physics, B

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Communication and Media Studies, M

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, B

Design and Visual Communications, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Economics, B

Education, MO

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Educational Leadership and Administration, MO

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering and Applied Sciences, M

Engineering/Industrial Management, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Finance, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

General Studies, B

History, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Management of Technology, M

Marketing Research, B

Mathematics, B

Mechanical Engineering, B

Media Studies, M

Middle School Education, M

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing, M

Nursing - Advanced Practice, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nursing Administration, M

Operations Management and Supervision, B

Optics/Optical Sciences, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Public Administration, BM

Reading Teacher Education, M

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, BM

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Speech Teacher Education, B

ST. CLAIR COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Advertising, A

Agricultural Business and Management, A

Agricultural Mechanization, A

Agriculture, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Broadcast Journalism, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Development, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Typography and Composition Equipment Operator, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

Horticultural Science, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Journalism, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mass Communication/Media Studies, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Mental Health/Rehabilitation, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Pharmacy, A

Plastics Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Quality Control Technology/Technician, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

SCHOOLCRAFT COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Biomedical Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Care and Support Services Management, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Education, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering, A

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies, A

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

Health and Medical Laboratory Technologies, A

Health Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Laser and Optical Technology/Technician, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Metallurgical Technology/Technician, A

Music Teacher Education, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapist Assistant, A

Physical Sciences, A

Radio and Television Broadcasting Technology/Technician, A

Robotics Technology/Technician, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

SIENA HEIGHTS UNIVERSITY

Accounting, AB

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, AB

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Teacher Education, B

Chemistry, AB

Child Development, AB

Community Organization and Advocacy, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, MO

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, AB

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Education, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Language and Literature, AB

General Studies, AB

Gerontology, A

History, B

Hospitality Administration/Management, AB

Human Resources Development, M

Human Services, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Information Science/Studies, AB

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, AB

Mathematics, B

Middle School Education, M

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Natural Sciences, B

Philosophy, B

Pre-Engineering, A

Pre-Law Studies, B

Psychology, AB

Public Administration, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Social Sciences, B

Social Work, AB

Spanish Language and Literature, B

SOUTHWESTERN MICHIGAN COLLEGE

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Airframe Mechanics and Aircraft Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, A

Child Care and Support Services Management, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Engineering Technology, A

General Merchandising, Sales, and Related Marketing Operations, A

General Studies, A

Graphic and Printing Equipment Operator Production, A

Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, A

Heavy/Industrial Equipment Maintenance Technologies, A

Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Shop Technology/Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Precision Production, A

Precision Systems Maintenance and Repair Technologies, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

SPRING ARBOR UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biochemistry, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Child and Family Studies, M

Communication and Media Studies, M

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer Science, B

Counseling Psychology, M

Education, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Family Systems, B

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

History, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management, M

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Organizational Management, M

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Piano and Organ, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, BP

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Youth Ministry, B

UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT MERCY

Accounting, B

Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services, MO

Architectural Engineering, M

Architecture, B

Automotive Engineering Technology/Technician, D

Behavioral Sciences, B

Biochemistry, BM

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MO

Chemical Engineering, MD

Chemistry, BM

Civil Engineering, BM

Clinical Psychology, MD

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Engineering, B

Computer Programming/Programmer, B

Computer Science, BM

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Criminology, M

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, B

Dentistry, P

Developmental and Child Psychology, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Economics, B

Education, BM

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Multiple Disabilities, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities, B

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

Engineering Management, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, M

Finance, B

Health Services Administration, M

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

History, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Human Services, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, M

Information Science/Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Journalism, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Labor and Industrial Relations, B

Law and Legal Studies, ABPO

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, AB

Liberal Studies, M

Management Information Systems and Services, M

Manufacturing Engineering, BD

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, BM

Mathematics Teacher Education, M

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Nurse Anesthetist, M

Nursing - Advanced Practice, MO

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Oral and Dental Sciences, MO

Orthodontics, MO

Philosophy, B

Physician Assistant, M

Political Science and Government, B

Polymer/Plastics Engineering, M

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Psychology, BMDO

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Radio and Television, B

Reading Teacher Education, B

Religion/Religious Studies, BM

School Psychology, O

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Securities Services Administration/Management, M

Social Science Teacher Education, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Substance Abuse/Addiction Counseling, BMO

Systems Engineering, B

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, BMD

African-American/Black Studies, B

Allopathic Medicine, PO

American/United States Studies/Civilization, BMD

Analytical Chemistry, D

Anthropology, BD

Applied Economics, M

Applied Mathematics, B

Applied Physics, D

Arabic Language and Literature, BMD

Archeology, D

Architecture, BMDO

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, BD

Art Teacher Education, B

Asian Languages, MD

Asian Studies/Civilization, BMDO

Astronomy, BMD

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, BMD

Automotive Engineering Technology/Technician, M

Biochemistry, BD

Bioinformatics, MD

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MDO

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biomedical Engineering, MD

Biomedical Sciences, B

Biophysics, BD

Biopsychology, D

Biostatistics, MD

Botany/Plant Biology, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MD

Cell Biology and Anatomy, MD

Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology, B

Ceramic Arts and Ceramics, B

Chemical Engineering, BMDO

Chemistry, BD

Chinese Language and Literature, B

Civil Engineering, BMDO

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, BMDO

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical Psychology, D

Clinical Research, M

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Communication and Media Studies, D

Community Health Nursing, M

Comparative Literature, BD

Computer Education, M

Computer Engineering, BMD

Computer Science, BMD

Construction Engineering and Management, M

Creative Writing, B

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Dance, BM

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, B

Dentistry, P

Design and Applied Arts, M

Design and Visual Communications, B

Developmental Biology and Embryology, MD

Developmental Psychology, D

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Drawing, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, MD

East Asian Studies, MO

East European and Russian Studies, MO

Ecology, MD

Economics, BMDO

Education, BMDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MDO

Educational Measurement and Evaluation, D

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, D

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BO

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MDO

Engineering Physics, B

Engineering Science, B

English, MD

English Education, MD

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental and Occupational Health, MD

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, MDO

Environmental Policy and Resource Management, MDO

Environmental Studies, B

Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering, B

Epidemiology, MD

European Studies/Civilization, B

Evolutionary Biology, MD

Experimental Psychology, D

Fiber, Textile and Weaving Arts, B

Film, Television, and Video Production, O

Film/Cinema Studies, B

Financial Engineering, M

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Foreign Language Teacher Education, M

Forestry, MDO

Foundations and Philosophy of Education, D

French Language and Literature, BD

General Studies, B

Geochemistry, MD

Geology/Earth Science, BMD

German Language and Literature, BMD

Gerontological Nursing, M

Health Physics/Radiological Health, MD

Health Promotion, MDO

Health Services Administration, MDO

Hebrew Language and Literature, BMD

Higher Education/Higher Education Administration, M

History, BDO

Human Genetics, MD

Human-Computer Interaction, M

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Immunology, D

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, D

Industrial Design, B

Industrial Engineering, B

Industrial Hygiene, MD

Industrial/Management Engineering, MDO

Information Science/Studies, MD

Inorganic Chemistry, D

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Intermedia/Multimedia, B

International Public Health/International Health, M

International Relations and Affairs, B

Islamic Studies, B

Italian Language and Literature, B

Japanese Language and Literature, B

Jazz/Jazz Studies, B

Jewish/Judaic Studies, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Kinesiology and Movement Studies, MD

Landscape Architecture, BMDO

Latin American Studies, B

Latin Language and Literature, B

Law and Legal Studies, MDPO

Library Science, MD

Linguistics, BMD

Manufacturing Engineering, MDO

Marine Engineering, MDO

Mass Communication/Media Studies, D

Materials Engineering, BMD

Materials Sciences, BMD

Mathematics, BMD

Mathematics Teacher Education, MD

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Media Studies, M

Medical Illustration and Informatics, M

Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, D

Medieval and Renaissance Studies, B

Metal and Jewelry Arts, B

Metallurgical Engineering, B

Microbiology, D

Mineralogy, MD

Modern Greek Language and Literature, B

Molecular Biology, BMD

Multilingual and Multicultural Education, M

Music, BMDO

Music History, Literature, and Theory, B

Music Teacher Education, BMDO

Music Theory and Composition, B

Natural Resources and Conservation, MDO

Natural Resources Management/Development and Policy, B

Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, B

Near and Middle Eastern Languages, MD

Near and Middle Eastern Studies, BMDO

Neuroscience, D

Nuclear Engineering, BMDO

Nurse Midwife/Nursing Midwifery, M

Nursing, MDO

Nursing - Adult, M

Nursing - Advanced Practice, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nursing Administration, MO

Nutritional Sciences, M

Occupational Health Nursing, M

Ocean Engineering, MDO

Oceanography, Chemical and Physical, BMD

Operations Research, MDO

Oral and Dental Sciences, MDO

Organic Chemistry, D

Painting, B

Pathology/Experimental Pathology, D

Pediatric Nurse/Nursing, M

Pharmaceutical Administration, D

Pharmaceutical Engineering, M

Pharmaceutical Sciences, D

Pharmacology, D

Pharmacy, BPO

Philosophy, BMD

Photography, B

Physical Chemistry, D

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, MD

Physiology, D

Piano and Organ, B

Planetary Astronomy and Science, MD

Political Science and Government, BMDO

Printmaking, B

Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse/Nursing, M

Psychology, BD

Public Health, MDO

Public Policy Analysis, MDO

Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiographer, B

Reading Teacher Education, D

Real Estate, O

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Romance Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, BD

Russian Language and Literature, BMD

Russian Studies, B

Scandinavian Studies, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, MD

Sculpture, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, BO

Slavic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, MD

Social Psychology, D

Social Sciences, BD

Social Studies Teacher Education, M

Social Work, MDO

Sociology, BD

South and Southeast Asian Studies, MO

South Asian Studies, B

Southeast Asian Studies, B

Spanish Language and Literature, BD

Special Education and Teaching, D

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, BM

Statistics, BMD

Surgical Nursing, M

Survey Methodology, MDO

Systems Engineering, MD

Technical Theatre/Theatre Design and Technology, B

Theater, MD

Toxicology, MD

Urban and Regional Planning, MDO

Urban Design, M

Violin, Viola, Guitar and Other Stringed Instruments, B

Visual and Performing Arts, B

Voice and Opera, B

Wildlife Biology, B

Wind and Percussion Instruments, B

Women's Health Nursing, O

Women's Studies, BDO

Writing, M

Zoology/Animal Biology, B

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN-DEARBORN

Accounting, BM

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Anthropology, B

Applied Mathematics, M

Area Studies, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Automotive Engineering Technology/Technician, M

Biochemistry, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, BMO

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computational Sciences, M

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Engineering, M

Computer Programming/Programmer, B

Computer Science, M

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, B

Curriculum and Instruction, MO

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Economics, B

Education, BM

Educational Administration and Supervision, O

Electrical Engineering, M

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MDO

Engineering Management, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Sciences, BM

Environmental Studies, B

Finance, B

Finance and Banking, M

French Language and Literature, B

General Studies, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

Health Psychology, M

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

History, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Industrial Engineering, B

Industrial/Management Engineering, MO

Information Science/Studies, M

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Liberal Studies, M

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Manufacturing Engineering, BMD

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Mechanical Engineering, BM

Microbiology, B

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Non-Profit/Public/Organizational Management, O

Philosophy, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Public Administration, MO

Public Policy Analysis, M

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Sociology, B

Software Engineering, M

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, M

Systems Engineering, MO

Systems Science and Theory, M

Women's Studies, B

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN-FLINT

Accounting, B

Actuarial Science, B

African-American/Black Studies, B

American/United States Studies/Civilization, M

Anthropology, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Ceramic Arts and Ceramics, B

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical Psychology, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer Science, BM

Corrections and Criminal Justice, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, BM

Ecology, B

Economics, B

Education, BM

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering Science, B

English Composition, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Health, B

Ethics, B

Finance, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Foreign Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

French Language and Literature, B

French Language Teacher Education, B

Graphic Design, B

Health and Medical Administrative Services, B

Health Education, M

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Information Technology, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, B

Multilingual and Multicultural Education, M

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Natural Resources and Conservation, B

Nurse Anesthetist, M

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Operations Management and Supervision, B

Organizational Behavior Studies, B

Organizational Communication, B

Painting, B

Philosophy, B

Photography, B

Physical Therapy/Therapist, D

Physics, B

Physics Teacher Education, B

Political Science and Government, B

Printmaking, B

Psychology, B

Psychology Teacher Education, B

Public Administration, BM

Public Health Education and Promotion, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Sculpture, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Speech Teacher Education, B

Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas, B

Technical and Business Writing, B

Urban Education and Leadership, M

Visual and Performing Arts, B

Wildlife Biology, B

UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX-METRO DETROIT CAMPUS

Accounting, B

Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching, M

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Distance Education Development, M

Education, M

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, M

Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Studies, B

Health Services Administration, M

Human Resources Management and Services, M

Information Technology, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, M

Management Information Systems and Services, BM

Management of Technology, M

Management Science, B

Marketing, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Nursing, MO

Nursing Administration, O

Nursing Science, B

Organizational Management, M

Special Education and Teaching, M

UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX-WEST MICHIGAN CAMPUS

Accounting, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Corrections and Criminal Justice, B

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Education, M

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Electronic Commerce, M

Health Services Administration, M

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

Human Resources Management and Services, M

Information Technology, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, M

Management Information Systems and Services, BM

Management of Technology, M

Management Science, B

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Organizational Management, M

Public Administration and Social Service Professions, B

WALSH COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Accounting, BM

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Economics, M

Finance, B

Finance and Banking, M

Management, M

Management Information Systems and Services, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Taxation, M

WASHTENAW COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Applied Art, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Building/Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business Machine Repairer, A

Child Development, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Graphics, A

Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, A

Computer Typography and Composition Equipment Operator, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Dental Assisting/Assistant, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Engineering Technology, A

Food Technology and Processing, A

Graphic and Printing Equipment Operator Production, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Industrial Design, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Pharmacy Technician/Assistant, A

Photography, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Quality Control Technology/Technician, A

Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiographer, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Substance Abuse/Addiction Counseling, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

System Administration/Administrator, A

Technical and Business Writing, A

Technology Education/Industrial Arts, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

Word Processing, A

WAYNE COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Avionics Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Development, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Computer Science, A

Court Reporting/Court Reporter, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Dietetics/Dieticians, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Education, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering Technology, A

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, A

Finance, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Labor and Industrial Relations, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Natural Resources Management/Development and Policy, A

Near and Middle Eastern Studies, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, A

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching, M

Advertising and Public Relations, M

African-American/Black Studies, B

Allopathic Medicine, PO

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Anatomy, MD

Anthropology, BMD

Apparel and Textile Marketing Management, B

Applied Mathematics, MD

Art Education, M

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, BM

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Asian Studies/Civilization, B

Biochemistry, MD

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biological Anthropology, D

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biomedical Engineering, MD

Biopsychology, M

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MDO

Business Education, M

Cancer Biology/Oncology, MD

Chemical Engineering, BMD

Chemistry, BMD

Child and Family Studies, O

Cinematography and Film/Video Production, B

Civil Engineering, BMD

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, BM

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical Laboratory Sciences, MO

Clinical Psychology, DO

Cognitive Sciences, D

Communication and Media Studies, MD

Communication Disorders, MD

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Community Health and Preventive Medicine, MO

Community Health Nursing, M

Comparative Literature, M

Composition, M

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Engineering, MD

Computer Science, MDO

Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology, B

Conflict Resolution and Mediation/Peace Studies, MO

Corporate and Organizational Communication, M

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, MDO

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, B

Criminology, M

Curriculum and Instruction, MDO

Dance, B

Design and Applied Arts, M

Developmental Psychology, D

Dietetics/Dieticians, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

East Asian Studies, B

Economics, BMDO

Education, MDO

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Speech or Language Impairments, B

Educational Administration and Supervision, MDO

Educational Leadership and Administration, MDO

Educational Measurement and Evaluation, MD

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, MDO

Educational Psychology, MDO

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BMDO

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MDO

Engineering Management, M

English, MD

English Education, MO

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental and Occupational Health, MO

Environmental Sciences, B

Film/Cinema Studies, B

Finance, B

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Food Science and Technology, MD

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

Foreign Language Teacher Education, MD

Foreign Languages and Literatures, B

Foundations and Philosophy of Education, MDO

French Language and Literature, M

Funeral Service and Mortuary Science, B

Genetics, MD

Geography, BM

Geology/Earth Science, BM

German Language and Literature, BMD

Gerontology, O

Hazardous Materials Management and Waste Technology/Technician, MO

Health Education, M

Health Physics/Radiological Health, MD

Health Teacher Education, B

Higher Education/Higher Education Administration, DO

History, BMDO

Human Development, M

Human Development and Family Studies, B

Human Services, O

Immunology, MDO

Industrial and Labor Relations, M

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, D

Industrial Education, M

Industrial Engineering, B

Industrial Production Technologies/Technicians, B

Industrial Technology/Technician, B

Industrial/Management Engineering, MD

Information Science/Studies, BMO

Interdisciplinary Studies, BMD

Italian Language and Literature, M

Journalism, B

Kinesiology and Movement Studies, M

Labor Studies, B

Law and Legal Studies, MDPO

Library Science, MO

Linguistics, BM

Logistics and Materials Management, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Manufacturing Engineering, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Materials Engineering, MDO

Materials Sciences, MDO

Maternal/Child Health and Neonatal Nurse/Nursing, MO

Mathematics, BMD

Mathematics Teacher Education, BMO

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, B

Media Studies, MD

Medical Physics, D

Medical Technology, O

Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MD

Metallurgical Engineering, MD

Microbiology, MDO

Middle/Near Eastern and Semitic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Molecular Biology, MD

Multilingual and Multicultural Education, M

Museology/Museum Studies, O

Music, BMO

Music Teacher Education, M

Music Theory and Composition, M

Near and Middle Eastern Studies, BM

Neurobiology and Neurophysiology, D

Nurse Anesthetist, MO

Nursing, D

Nursing - Advanced Practice, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nursing Education, MO

Nutritional Sciences, MD

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, BM

Operations Research, MD

Organizational Behavior Studies, B

Pathology/Experimental Pathology, MD

Pathology/Pathologist Assistant, B

Pediatric Nurse/Nursing, MO

Performance, M

Pharmaceutical Administration, MD

Pharmaceutical Sciences, MDPO

Pharmacology, MD

Pharmacy, MDPO

Philosophy, BMD

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Physical Therapy/Therapist, M

Physician Assistant, M

Physics, BMD

Physiology, MDO

Political Science and Government, BMDO

Polymer/Plastics Engineering, O

Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse/Nursing, MO

Psychology, BMD

Public Administration, BM

Public Health, MO

Public Health (MPH, DPH), B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Radio and Television, B

Reading Teacher Education, MDO

Recreation and Park Management, M

Rehabilitation Counseling, MO

Rehabilitation Sciences, MO

Romance Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, MD

Russian Language and Literature, M

School Psychology, MO

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, BMO

Secondary Education and Teaching, MO

Slavic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, BMDO

Social Work, BMDO

Sociology, BMD

Spanish Language and Literature, M

Special Education and Teaching, BMDO

Speech and Interpersonal Communication, MD

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, M

Statistics, MD

Substance Abuse/Addiction Counseling, O

Surgical Nursing, M

Taxation, M

Technical Teacher Education, B

Theater, MD

Toxicology, MDO

Urban and Regional Planning, M

Vocational and Technical Education, MDO

Writing, MD

WEST SHORE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Information Technology, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

Acting, B

Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, B

African Studies, B

Airline/Commercial/Professional Pilot and Flight Crew, B

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Anthropology, BM

Apparel and Textiles, B

Applied Arts and Design, M

Applied Economics, D

Applied Mathematics, BM

Architecture, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Asian Studies/Civilization, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, BM

Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Aviation/Airway Management and Operations, B

Avionics Maintenance Technology/Technician, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biomedical Sciences, B

Biostatistics, M

Building/Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business Statistics, B

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Commerce, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemical Engineering, BMD

Chemistry, BMD

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Child Development, B

Civil Engineering, B

Clinical Psychology, MD

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Communication and Media Studies, BM

Communication Disorders, M

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computational Sciences, M

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Engineering, BMD

Computer Science, BMD

Construction Engineering, B

Construction Engineering and Management, M

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Corporate and Organizational Communication, M

Counseling Psychology, MD

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, MD

Creative Writing, B

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, B

Criminology, B

Dance, B

Dietetics/Dieticians, B

Directing and Theatrical Production, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

E-Commerce/Electronic Commerce, B

Economics, BMD

Education, MDO

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Vision Impairments, Including Blindness, B

Educational Leadership and Administration, MDO

Educational Measurement and Evaluation, MD

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

Engineering Management, M

Engineering Technologies/Technicians, B

Engineering/Industrial Management, B

English, MD

English Composition, B

English Education, MD

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental Sciences, B

Environmental Studies, B

Exercise and Sports Science, M

Experimental Psychology, MD

Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, M

Family Systems, B

Finance, B

Financial Planning and Services, B

Foodservice Systems Administration/Management, B

Foreign Language Teacher Education, B

French Language and Literature, B

French Language Teacher Education, B

General Studies, B

Geochemistry, B

Geography, BM

Geography Teacher Education, B

Geological and Earth Sciences/Geosciences, B

Geology/Earth Science, BMD

Geophysics and Seismology, B

Geosciences, M

German Language and Literature, B

German Language Teacher Education, B

Graphic Design, M

Health Teacher Education, B

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

History, BMD

History Teacher Education, B

Human Resources Development, M

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Hydrology and Water Resources Science, B

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, M

Industrial Design, B

Industrial Engineering, B

Industrial/Management Engineering, M

Interior Design, B

International/Global Studies, B

Journalism, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Latin Language and Literature, B

Latin Teacher Education, B

Logistics and Materials Management, B

Manufacturing Engineering, BM

Marketing, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Marriage and Family Therapy/Counseling, M

Materials Engineering, M

Materials Sciences, M

Mathematics, BMD

Mathematics Teacher Education, BMD

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, B

Medieval and Renaissance Studies, M

Middle School Education, M

Music, BM

Music History, Literature, and Theory, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Music Theory and Composition, B

Music Therapy/Therapist, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, BM

Operations Research, M

Organizational Communication, B

Paper and Pulp Engineering, MD

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Performance, M

Philosophy, BM

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Physician Assistant, M

Physics, BMD

Physics Teacher Education, B

Plastics Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Platemaker/Imager, B

Political Science and Government, BMD

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Professional Studies, B

Psychology, BMDO

Public Administration, BMD

Public Affairs, MD

Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication, B

Radio and Television, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Rehabilitation Counseling, M

Religion/Religious Studies, BMD

Russian Studies, B

School Psychology, DO

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, BD

Sculpture, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Science Teacher Education, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Work, BM

Sociology, BMD

Spanish Language and Literature, BM

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Special Education and Teaching, MD

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, M

Statistics, BMD

Structural Engineering, B

Teaching English or French as a Second or Foreign Language, B

Teaching French as a Second or Foreign Language, B

Technical Theatre/Theatre Design and Technology, B

Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education, B

Telecommunications Technology/Technician, B

Textile Design, M

Theatre/Theatre Arts Management, B

Tourism and Travel Services Management, B

Tourism and Travel Services Marketing Operations, B

Vocational and Technical Education, M

Women's Studies, B

Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and Paper Technology, B

Writing, M

College Blue Book

Michigan

views updated Jun 11 2018

Michigan

ADRIAN COLLEGE

110 South Madison St.
Adrian, MI 49221-2575
Tel: (517)265-5161
Free: 800-877-2246
Fax: (517)265-3331
E-mail: admission@adrian.adrian.edu
Web Site: http://www.adrian.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Stanley P. Caine
Registrar: Michael H. Jacobitz
Admissions: Carolyn Quinlan
Financial Aid: Michael J. Hague
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: United Methodist Church Scores: 50% ACT 18-23; 21% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Comprehensive fee: $24,900 includes full-time tuition ($18,530), mandatory fees ($100), and college room and board ($6270). College room only: $2880. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 959, PT 54 Faculty: FT 64, PT 40 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: ACT, SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 78 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 77 Library Holdings: 148,407 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates; 124 credit hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

ALBION COLLEGE

611 East Porter St.
Albion, MI 49224-1831
Tel: (517)629-1000
Free: 800-858-6770
Admissions: (517)629-0600
Fax: (517)629-0569
E-mail: admissions@albion.edu
Web Site: http://www.albion.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Peter T. Mitchell
Registrar: Cherie Hatlem
Admissions: Doug Kellar
Financial Aid: Kristi Maze
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Methodist Scores: 98.68% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 36.13% ACT 18-23; 52.73% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 82 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Action; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: March 01 Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted. For home schooled students: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Comprehensive fee: $31,224 includes full-time tuition ($24,012), mandatory fees ($284), and college room and board ($6928). College room only: $3388. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $1020 per semester hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,941, PT 38 Faculty: FT 139, PT 36 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 60 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 93 Library Holdings: 363,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 32 units, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NASM Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball M & W

ALMA COLLEGE

614 West Superior St.
Alma, MI 48801-1599
Tel: (989)463-7111
Free: 800-321-ALMA
Fax: (989)463-7057
E-mail: admissions@alma.edu
Web Site: http://www.alma.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Saundra J. Tracy
Registrar: Sue Deel
Admissions: Dr. Karen Klumpp
Financial Aid: Christopher Brown
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Presbyterian Scores: 96% SAT V 400+; 89% SAT M 400+; 40% ACT 18-23; 47% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 81 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Action; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $28,544 includes full-time tuition ($20,934), mandatory fees ($200), and college room and board ($7410). College room only: $3650. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $810 per credit. part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Miscellaneous, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,242, PT 42 Faculty: FT 82, PT 37 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 75 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 84 Library Holdings: 261,393 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 136 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: NASM Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

ALPENA COMMUNITY COLLEGE

666 Johnson St.
Alpena, MI 49707-1495
Tel: (989)356-9021
Admissions: (989)358-7339
Fax: (989)358-7553
Web Site: http://www.alpenacc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Olin H. Joynton
Registrar: Max P. Lindsay
Admissions: Mike Kollien
Financial Aid: Max P. Lindsay
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For nursing, utility technician programs: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $2532 full-time, $67.75 per contact hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3545 full-time, $101.50 per contact hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4550 full-time, $135 per contact hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $500 full-time, $16 per contact hour part-time, $10 per term part-time. College room only: $3000. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 984, PT 953 Faculty: FT 51, PT 70 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: ACT, Other % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 2 Library Holdings: 29,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: AAMAE, ACBSP Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Golf M; Softball W; Volleyball W

ANDREWS UNIVERSITY

Berrien Springs, MI 49104
Tel: (269)471-7771
Free: 800-253-2874
Fax: (269)471-3228
Web Site: http://www.andrews.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Niels-Erik Andreasen
Registrar: Dr. Emilio Garcia-Marenko
Admissions: Stephen Payne
Financial Aid: Jerri Gifford
Type: University Sex: Coed Affiliation: Seventh-day Adventist Scores: 95% SAT V 400+; 93% SAT M 400+; 51% ACT 18-23; 34% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 40 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $21,786 includes full-time tuition ($16,030), mandatory fees ($476), and college room and board ($5280). College room only: $2850. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Part-time tuition: $670 per credit hour. part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,489, PT 237, Grad 985 Faculty: FT 207, PT 61 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 64 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 54 Library Holdings: 512,100 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 semester hours, Associates; 124 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ACA, ADtA, APTA, ATS, CSWE, NAACLS, NASM, NCATE, NLN

AQUINAS COLLEGE

1607 Robinson Rd., SE
Grand Rapids, MI 49506-1799
Tel: (616)459-8281
Free: 800-678-9593
Admissions: (616)632-2852
Fax: (616)459-2563
E-mail: admissions@aquinas.edu
Web Site: http://www.aquinas.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Harry J. Knopke
Registrar: Cecelia Mesler
Admissions: Paula Meehan
Financial Aid: David Steffee
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic Scores: 73. 24% ACT 18-23; 11.27% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 86 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED not accepted. For continuing education program: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Comprehensive fee: $23,750 includes full-time tuition ($17,926) and college room and board ($5824). College room only: $2690. Full-time tuition varies according to course load. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $361 per credit. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,469, PT 313, Grad 411 Faculty: FT 94, PT 105 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 72 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 75 Library Holdings: 112,458 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credits, Associates; 124 credits, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

AVE MARIA COLLEGE

300 West Forest Ave.
Ypsilanti, MI 48197
Tel: (734)337-4100; (866)866-3030
Admissions: (734)337-4528
Fax: (734)337-4140
Web Site: http://www.avemaria.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Ronald Muller
Registrar: Maria Herbel
Admissions: Suzanne Abdalla
Financial Aid: Lesa Briggs
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic Application Fee: $25.00 Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Faculty: FT 17, PT 10 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 61 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 95 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Professional Accreditation: AALE

BAKER COLLEGE OF ALLEN PARK

4500 Enterprise Dr.
Allen Park, MI 48101
Tel: (313)425-3700
Web Site: http://www.baker.edu/
Admissions: Steve Peterson
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baker College System % Accepted: 100 Application Deadline: September 24 Application Fee: $0.00 Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Tuition: $6480 full-time, $180 per quarter hour part-time. Calendar System: Quarter Enrollment: FT 837, PT 685 Faculty: FT 2, PT 86 Student-Faculty Ratio: 34:1 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 90 quarter hours, Associates; 180 quarter hours, Bachelors

BAKER COLLEGE OF AUBURN HILLS

1500 University Dr.
Auburn Hills, MI 48326-1586
Tel: (248)340-0600
E-mail: love_j@auburnhills.baker.edu
Web Site: http://www.baker.edu/
President/CEO: F. James Cummins
Registrar: Timothy M. Yount
Admissions: Jan Bohlen
Financial Aid: Gregory Little
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baker College System % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Tuition: $6480 full-time, $180 per quarter hour part-time. Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,688, PT 1,829 Faculty: FT 11, PT 144 Student-Faculty Ratio: 59:1 Library Holdings: 5,400 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 90 quarter hours, Associates; 180 quarter hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AAMAE

BAKER COLLEGE OF CADILLAC

9600 East 13th St.
Cadillac, MI 49601
Tel: (231)876-3100
Fax: (231)775-8505
E-mail: mike.tisdale@baker.edu
Web Site: http://www.baker.edu/
President/CEO: Maynard W. Thompson
Registrar: Cliff Redes
Admissions: Mike Tisdale
Financial Aid: Kristin Bonney
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baker College System % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Tuition: $6480 full-time, $180 per quarter hour part-time. Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 873, PT 686 Faculty: FT 4, PT 101 Student-Faculty Ratio: 42:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 4,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 90 quarter hours, Associates; 180 quarter hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ARCEST, AAMAE

BAKER COLLEGE OF CLINTON TOWNSHIP

34950 Little Mack Ave.
Clinton Township, MI 48035-4701
Tel: (586)791-6610; 888-272-2842
Admissions: (586)790-9580
Fax: (586)791-6611
E-mail: annette.looser@baker.edu
Web Site: http://www.baker.edu/
President/CEO: F. James Cummins
Registrar: Nichole Adams
Admissions: Annette Looser
Financial Aid: Lisa Harvener
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baker College System % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Tuition: $6480 full-time, $180 per quarter hour part-time. Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,807, PT 2,296 Faculty: FT 17, PT 191 Student-Faculty Ratio: 60:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 8,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 90 quarter hours, Associates; 180 quarter hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ARCEST, AAMAE, AHIMA

BAKER COLLEGE OF FLINT

1050 West Bristol Rd.
Flint, MI 48507-5508
Tel: (810)767-7600
Free: 800-964-4299
Admissions: (810)766-4015
Fax: (810)766-4049
Web Site: http://www.baker.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Julianne T. Princinsky
Registrar: Robert Martin
Admissions: Troy Crowe
Financial Aid: Gerald McCarty, II
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baker College System % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: September 20 Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Tuition: $6480 full-time, $180 per quarter hour part-time. College room only: $2600. Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,457, PT 2,608 Faculty: FT 40, PT 275 Student-Faculty Ratio: 42:1 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 2 Library Holdings: 168,700 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 90 quarter hours, Associates; 180 quarter hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ARCEST, AAMAE, AHIMA, APTA

BAKER COLLEGE OF JACKSON

2800 Springport Rd.
Jackson, MI 49202
Tel: (517)789-6123; 888-343-3683
Admissions: (517)788-7800
E-mail: heldt_v@jackson.baker.edu
Web Site: http://www.baker.edu/
President/CEO: H. Ronald Griffith
Registrar: Jill Dutton
Admissions: Kelli Stepka
Financial Aid: Janet Zukowski
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baker College System % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: September 19 Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Tuition: $6480 full-time, $180 per quarter hour part-time. Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 796, PT 829 Faculty: FT 5, PT 80 Student-Faculty Ratio: 50:1 Library Holdings: 7,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 90 quarter hours, Associates; 180 quarter hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ARCEST, AAMAE, AHIMA, JRCERT

BAKER COLLEGE OF MUSKEGON

1903 Marquette Ave.
Muskegon, MI 49442-3497
Tel: (231)777-5200
Admissions: (231)777-5207
Fax: (231)777-5201
E-mail: jacobs_k@muskegon.baker.edu
Web Site: http://www.baker.edu/
President/CEO: Rick E. Amidon
Registrar: Christine Fogg
Admissions: Kathy Jacobson
Financial Aid: Jody Zerlaut
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baker College System % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: September 24 Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Tuition: $6480 full-time, $180 per quarter hour part-time. College room only: $2400. Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,036, PT 1,708 Faculty: FT 17, PT 160 Student-Faculty Ratio: 63:1 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 11 Library Holdings: 32,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 90 quarter hours, Associates; 180 quarter hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ARCEST, AAMAE, ACF, AHIMA, AOTA, APTA

BAKER COLLEGE OF OWOSSO

1020 South Washington St.
Owosso, MI 48867-4400
Tel: (989)729-3300
Free: 800-879-3797
Admissions: (989)729-3350
Fax: (989)729-3411
E-mail: mike.konopacke@baker.edu
Web Site: http://www.baker.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Denise Bannan
Registrar: Traci Gulick
Admissions: Michael Konopacke
Financial Aid: David J. Lewis
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baker College System % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Tuition: $6480 full-time, $180 per quarter hour part-time. College room only: $2400. Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,722, PT 1,101 Faculty: FT 8, PT 136 Student-Faculty Ratio: 50:1 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 15 Library Holdings: 35,424 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 90 quarter hours, Associates; 180 quarter hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AAMAE, JRCERT, NAACLS

BAKER COLLEGE OF PORT HURON

3403 Lapeer Rd.
Port Huron, MI 48060-2597
Tel: (810)985-7000; 888-262-2442
Fax: (810)985-7066
Web Site: http://www.baker.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Gary L. Sullenger
Registrar: Sheila Kautzman
Admissions: Daniel Kenny
Financial Aid: Wendi Hickman
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baker College System % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: September 24 Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Tuition: $6480 full-time, $180 per quarter hour part-time. Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 900, PT 678 Faculty: FT 12, PT 114 Student-Faculty Ratio: 28:1 Library Holdings: 16,823 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 90 quarter hours, Associates; 180 quarter hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ARCEST, AAMAE, ADA

BAY MILLS COMMUNITY COLLEGE

12214 West Lakeshore Dr.
Brimley, MI 49715
Tel: (906)248-3354
Free: 800-844-BMCC
Fax: (906)248-3351
Web Site: http://www.bmcc.edu/
President/CEO: Michael Parish
Admissions: Elaine Lehre
Financial Aid: Tina Miller
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. State resident tuition: $2040 full-time, $85 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $300 full-time, $10 per credit hour part-time, $30 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Faculty: FT 9, PT 10 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: Other Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 63 credits, Associates

BAY DE NOC COMMUNITY COLLEGE

2001 North Lincoln Rd.
Escanaba, MI 49829-2511
Tel: (906)786-5802
Free: 800-221-2001
Fax: (906)786-6555
Web Site: http://www.baydenoc.cc.mi.us/
President/CEO: Dr. Michael T. Allkins
Registrar: Mary Leisner
Admissions: Mary Leisner
Financial Aid: Gloria Seney
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 42, PT 85 Exams: Other Library Holdings: 30,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates

CALVIN COLLEGE

3201 Burton St., SE
Grand Rapids, MI 49546-4388
Tel: (616)526-6000
Free: 800-688-0122
Admissions: (616)526-6106
Fax: (616)526-8551
E-mail: admissions@calvin.edu
Web Site: http://www.calvin.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Gaylen J. Byker
Registrar: Thomas Steenwyk
Admissions: Dale D. Kuiper
Financial Aid: Edward Kerestly
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Christian Reformed Church Scores: 99.7% SAT V 400+; 99.7% SAT M 400+; 38% ACT 18-23; 43.8% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 98 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 15 Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. Comprehensive fee: $25,735 includes full-time tuition ($18,925), mandatory fees ($225), and college room and board ($6585). College room only: $3580. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Part-time tuition: $460 per credit hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: 4-1-4, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,968, PT 157, Grad 52 Faculty: FT 309, PT 89 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I and SAT II or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 61 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 56 Library Holdings: 824,806 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: ABET, CSWE, NASM, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Ice Hockey M; Lacrosse M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

Mount Pleasant, MI 48859
Tel: (989)774-4000; 888-292-5366
Admissions: (989)774-3076
Fax: (989)774-3537
Web Site: http://www.cmich.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Michael Rao
Registrar: Karen E. Hutslar
Admissions: Betty J. Wagner
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 87.1% SAT V 400+; 89.2% SAT M 400+; 60.2% ACT 18-23; 28.1% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 75 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. State resident tuition: $5868 full-time, $195.60 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $13,632 full-time, $454.40 per credit part-time. Full-time tuition varies according to student level. Part-time tuition varies according to student level. College room and board: $6376. College room only: $3188. Room and board charges vary according to board plan, housing facility, and location. Tuition guaranteed not to increase for student's term of enrollment. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 17,620, PT 2,377, Grad 7,224 Faculty: FT 704, PT 391 Student-Faculty Ratio: 22:1 Exams: ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 51 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 34 Library Holdings: 1,009,746 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ACEJMC, ADtA, APTA, APA, ASLHA, CSWE, JRCEPAT, NASM, NCATE, NRPA Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Field Hockey W; Football M; Gymnastics W; Soccer W; Softball W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

CLEARY UNIVERSITY

3601 Plymouth Rd.
Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2659
Tel: (734)332-4477; 888-5-CLEARY
Admissions: (517)548-3670
Fax: (734)332-4646
Web Site: http://www.cleary.edu/
President/CEO: Thomas P. Sullivan
Registrar: Rose Smith
Admissions: Roy Coons
Financial Aid: Vesta Smith-Campbell
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 50% ACT 18-23; 27% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 15 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $13,680 full-time, $285 per quarter hour part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 396, PT 167, Grad 34 Faculty: FT 12, PT 94 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: Other, SAT I or ACT, SAT II % Receiving Financial Aid: 47 Library Holdings: 4,500 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 90 quarter hours, Associates; 180 quarter hours, Bachelors

COLLEGE FOR CREATIVE STUDIES

201 East Kirby
Detroit, MI 48202-4034
Tel: (313)664-7400
Free: 800-952-ARTS
Fax: (313)872-2739
Web Site: http://www.ccscad.edu/
President/CEO: Richard L. Rogers
Registrar: Nadine Hagoort
Financial Aid: Kristin Moskovitz
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed % Accepted: 60 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. Tuition: $23,490 full-time, $788 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $1145 full-time, $563 per term part-time. College room only: $3900. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,067, PT 224Faculty: FT 47, PT 180 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 23 Library Holdings: 24,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 126 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NASAD

CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY

4090 Geddes Rd.
Ann Arbor, MI 48105-2797
Tel: (734)995-7300
Free: 800-253-0680
Admissions: (734)995-7311
Fax: (734)995-4610
E-mail: admissions@ccaa.edu or neumag@cuaa.edu
Web Site: http://www.cuaa.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Thomas R. Ahlersmeyer
Registrar: Timothy Taylor
Admissions: Gary Neumann
Financial Aid: Sandra Tarbox
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod; Concordia University System Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 92% SAT M 400+; 48% ACT 18-23; 32% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 82 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. One-time mandatory fee: $100. Comprehensive fee: $25,153 includes full-time tuition ($18,035), mandatory fees ($170), and college room and board ($6948). College room only: $5042. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, degree level, and program. Part-time tuition: $590 per credit hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load, degree level, and program. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 506, PT 53, Grad 41 Faculty: FT 35, PT 50 Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1 Exams: ACT, SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 80 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 56 Library Holdings: 120,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates; 128 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Volleyball W

CORNERSTONE UNIVERSITY

1001 East Beltline Ave., NE
Grand Rapids, MI 49525-5897
Tel: (616)949-5300
Free: 800-787-9778
Admissions: (616)222-1426
Fax: (616)222-1540
E-mail: admissions@cornerstone.edu
Web Site: http://www.cornerstone.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Rex Rogers
Admissions: Brent Rudin
Financial Aid: Geoff Marsh
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: nondenominational % Accepted: 76 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $20,500 includes full-time tuition ($14,700) and college room and board ($5800). College room only: $2650. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Part-time tuition: $595 per hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,653, PT 519, Grad 279 Faculty: FT 76, PT 64 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 76 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 56 Library Holdings: 109,376 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credit hours, Associates; 120 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: CSWE, NASM Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

DAVENPORT UNIVERSITY (ALMA)

1500 North Pine St.
Alma, MI 48801
Tel: (989)463-8922
Free: 800-632-9569
Fax: (989)463-4540
Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu/
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Davenport Educational System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $6216 full-time, $259 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $120 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools

DAVENPORT UNIVERSITY (BAD AXE)

150 Nugent Rd.
Bad Axe, MI 48413
Tel: (989)269-9288
Free: 800-632-9569
Fax: (989)269-2772
Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu/
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Davenport Educational System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $6600 full-time, $275 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $120 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools

DAVENPORT UNIVERSITY (BAY CITY)

3930 Traxler Ct.
Bay City, MI 48706
Tel: (989)686-1572
Free: 800-632-9569
Fax: (989)686-2380
Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu/
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Davenport Educational System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $6600 full-time, $275 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $120 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools

DAVENPORT UNIVERSITY (CARO)

1231 Cleaver Rd.
Caro, MI 48723
Tel: (989)673-5857
Free: 800-632-9569
Fax: (989)673-7543
Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu/
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Davenport Educational System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $6600 full-time, $275 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $120 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools

DAVENPORT UNIVERSITY (DEARBORN)

4801 Oakman Blvd.
Dearborn, MI 48126-3799
Tel: (313)581-4400
Free: 800-632-9569
Admissions: (616)451-3511
Fax: (313)581-1853
E-mail: lynnae.selberg@davenport.edu
Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu/
President/CEO: Randolph Flechsig
Registrar: Nickolas Fleezanis
Admissions: Lynnae Selberg
Financial Aid: Susan Crkovski
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Davenport Educational System % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $8760 full-time, $365 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $120 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,104, PT 8,962, Grad 756 Faculty: FT 130, PT 966 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 % Receiving Financial Aid: 81 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 100 quarter hours, Associates; 196 quarter hours, Bachelors

DAVENPORT UNIVERSITY (MIDLAND)

3555 East Patrick Rd.
Midland, MI 48642
Tel: (989)835-5588
Free: 800-632-9569
Fax: (989)835-8363
Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu/
Registrar: Paul Saft
Financial Aid: Patricia Finerty
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Davenport Educational System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $6600 full-time, $275 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $120 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates

DAVENPORT UNIVERSITY (ROMEO)

71180 Van Dyke Rd.
Romeo, MI 48065
Tel: (586)752-5229
Free: 800-632-9569
Fax: (586)752-5756
Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu/
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Davenport Educational System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $6216 full-time, $259 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $120 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools

DAVENPORT UNIVERSITY (SAGINAW)

5300 Bay Rd.
Saginaw, MI 48604
Tel: (989)799-7800
Free: 800-632-9569
Fax: (989)799-9696
Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu/
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Davenport Educational System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $6600 full-time, $275 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $120 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools

DELTA COLLEGE

1961 Delta Rd.
University Center, MI 48710
Tel: (989)686-9000
Free: 800-285-1705
Admissions: (989)686-9449
Fax: (989)686-8736
Web Site: http://www.delta.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Peter D. Boyse
Registrar: Duff Zube
Admissions: Duff Zube
Financial Aid: Kim Donat
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For international students: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Area resident tuition: $1740 full-time, $72.50 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $2496 full-time, $104 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $3564 full-time, $148.50 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $192 full-time, $5.50 per credit part-time, $30 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,938, PT 6,272 Faculty: FT 211, PT 300 Student-Faculty Ratio: 20:1 Library Holdings: 93,167 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ARCEST, ADA, APTA, CARC, JRCEDMS, JRCERT, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Golf M; Soccer M; Softball W; Volleyball W

EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

Ypsilanti, MI 48197
Tel: (734)487-1849
Free: 800-GO TO EMU
Admissions: (734)487-3060
Fax: (734)487-1484
Web Site: http://www.emich.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Samuel A. Kirkpatrick
Registrar: Joy Garrett
Admissions: Judy Benfield-Tatum
Financial Aid: Bernice Lindke
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 91% SAT V 400+; 91% SAT M 400+; 53% ACT 18-23; 24% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 79 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. State resident tuition: $5463 full-time, $182.10 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $16,818 full-time, $560.60 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $1078 full-time, $33.25 per credit hour part-time, $40 per term part-time. College room and board: $6356. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 12,998, PT 5,580, Grad 4,662 Faculty: FT 769, PT 427 Student-Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Exams: ACT, Other % Receiving Financial Aid: 50 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 20 Library Holdings: 658,648 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Navy, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, AACN, ACCE, ACA, ADtA, ACSP, AOTA, ASLHA, CSWE, FIDER, JRCEPAT, NAACLS, NAIT, NASM, NASPAA, NCATE, NRPA Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Crew W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Gymnastics W; Soccer W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

FERRIS STATE UNIVERSITY

1201 South State St.
Big Rapids, MI 49307
Tel: (231)591-2000
Free: 800-433-7747
Admissions: (231)591-2797
Fax: (231)591-2978
E-mail: admissions@act01.ferris.edu
Web Site: http://www.ferris.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. David Eisler
Registrar: Craig Westman
Admissions: Dr. Craig Westman
Financial Aid: Ronnie Higgs
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 53% ACT 18-23; 23% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 47 Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Deadline: August 04 Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. State resident tuition: $6740 full-time, $265 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $13,480 full-time, $530 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $142 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $6816. College room only: $3462. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 8,868, PT 2,569, Grad 490 Faculty: FT 545, PT 278 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 66 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 38 Library Holdings: 344,496 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: ABET, ACCE, ACPhE, ADA, AHIMA, AOA, CARC, CSWE, JRCERT, JRCNMT, NAACLS, NASAD, NLN, NRPA Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Ice Hockey M; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

FINLANDIA UNIVERSITY

601 Quincy St.
Hancock, MI 49930-1882
Tel: (906)482-5300; 877-202-5491
Admissions: (906)487-7311
Fax: (906)487-7300
E-mail: ben.larson@finlandia.edu
Web Site: http://www.finlandia.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Robert Ubbelohde
Registrar: Evelyn Goke
Admissions: Ben Larson
Financial Aid: Sandra Turnquist
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Scores: 49% ACT 18-23; 21% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 95 Admission Plans: Early Admission Application Deadline: August 15 Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $20,847 includes full-time tuition ($15,434), mandatory fees ($99), and college room and board ($5314). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $520 per credit. Part-time mandatory fees: $99 per year. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, degree level, and program. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 469, PT 79 Faculty: FT 39, PT 2 Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 96 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 27 Library Holdings: 46,092 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates; 129 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: APTA Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Ice Hockey M & W; Skiing (Cross-Country) M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Volleyball W

GLEN OAKS COMMUNITY COLLEGE

62249 Shimmel Rd.
Centreville, MI 49032-9719
Tel: (616)467-9945; 888-994-7818
Admissions: (269)467-9945
Fax: (616)467-9068
Web Site: http://www.glenoaks.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Marilynn Liddell
Registrar: Beverly Andrews
Admissions: Janene Breneman
Financial Aid: Dr. Richard Wedemeyer
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Career Development Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $1800 full-time, $60 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $2670 full-time, $89 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $3450 full-time, $114 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $255 full-time, $7.50 per credit hour part-time, $31 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 659, PT 1,051 Faculty: FT 29, PT 80 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: Other Library Holdings: 37,087 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Golf M; Softball W; Tennis W; Volleyball W

GOGEBIC COMMUNITY COLLEGE

E-4946 Jackson Rd.
Ironwood, MI 49938
Tel: (906)932-4231
Fax: (906)932-5541
Web Site: http://www.gogebic.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Donald J. Foster
Registrar: Steve Wesselhoft
Admissions: Steven Wesselhoft
Financial Aid: Suzetta Forbes
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $10. Area resident tuition: $2294 full-time, $74 per credit part-time. State resident tuition: $2914 full-time, $94 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $3720 full-time, $120 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $442 full-time, $5 per credit part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 517, PT 464 Faculty: FT 30, PT 60 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Library Holdings: 22,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 63 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: AHIMA Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W

GRACE BIBLE COLLEGE

1011 Aldon St. SW
PO Box 910
Grand Rapids, MI 49509-0910
Tel: (616)538-2330
Free: 800-968-1887
Fax: (616)538-0599
Web Site: http://www.gbcol.edu/
President/CEO: Kenneth Kemper
Registrar: Linda K. Siler
Admissions: Kevin Gilliam
Financial Aid: Marlene E. DeVries
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Grace Gospel Fellowship Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 61% ACT 18-23; 13% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 64 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: July 15 Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Comprehensive fee: $17,810 includes full-time tuition ($10,450), mandatory fees ($500), and college room and board ($6860). Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. part-time tuition: $450 per semester hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 150, PT 11 Faculty: FT 8, PT 25 Student-Faculty Ratio: 9:1 Exams: SAT I and SAT II or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 85 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 53 Library Holdings: 39,079 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates; 124 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AABC Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Soccer M; Volleyball W

GRAND RAPIDS COMMUNITY COLLEGE

143 Bostwick Ave., NE
Grand Rapids, MI 49503-3201
Tel: (616)234-4000
Admissions: (616)234-4100
Fax: (616)234-4005
Web Site: http://www.grcc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Juan Olivarez
Registrar: Howard Shaken
Admissions: Diane Patrick
Financial Aid: Jill Nutt
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education % Accepted: 93 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 30 Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Area resident tuition: $2205 full-time, $73.50 per contact hour part-time. State resident tuition: $4260 full-time, $142 per contact hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $6060 full-time, $202 per contact hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $100 full-time, $70 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 6,483, PT 8,315 Faculty: FT 224, PT 424 Student-Faculty Ratio: 25:1 Exams: Other, SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 101,077 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credits, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACF, ADA, AOTA, JRCERT, NASM, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M & W; Basketball M & W; Football M; Golf M; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

GRAND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY

1 Campus Dr.
Allendale, MI 49401-9403
Tel: (616)331-5000
Free: 800-748-0246
Admissions: (616)331-2025
Fax: (616)331-2000
E-mail: go2gvsu@gvsu.edu
Web Site: http://www.gvsu.edu/
President/CEO: Mark Murray
Registrar: Lynn M. Blue
Admissions: Jodi Chycinski
Financial Aid: Kenneth Fridsma
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 49% ACT 18-23; 44% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 68 Application Deadline: May 01 Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. State resident tuition: $6220 full-time, $271 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $12,510 full-time, $532 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition varies according to course level, program, and student level. Part-time tuition varies according to course level, course load, program, and student level. College room and board: $6360. Room and board charges vary according to board plan, housing facility, and location. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 16,457, PT 2,446, Grad 3,662 Faculty: FT 910, PT 460 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 55 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 29 Library Holdings: 634,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, AACN, AOTA, APTA, APA, CSWE, JRCEPAT, NAACLS, NASAD, NASM, NASPAA, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Crew M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Ice Hockey M; Rugby M & W; Sailing M & W; Skiing (Downhill) M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball M & W; Water Polo M & W; Wrestling M

GREAT LAKES CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

6211 West Willow Hwy.
Lansing, MI 48917-1299
Tel: (517)321-0242
Free: 800-YES-GLCC
Fax: (517)321-5902
Web Site: http://www.glcc.edu/
President/CEO: Larry Carter
Registrar: Lloyd Scharer
Admissions: Mike Klauka
Financial Aid: Tedd C. Kees
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Christian Churches and Churches of Christ Scores: 60% ACT 18-23; 17% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $14,898 includes full-time tuition ($8448), mandatory fees ($1250), and college room and board ($5200). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program, reciprocity agreements, and student level. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $264 per hour. Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Not available Faculty: FT 10, PT 10 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I and SAT II or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 68 Library Holdings: 34,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates; 128 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AABC Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Soccer M & W; Volleyball W

HENRY FORD COMMUNITY COLLEGE

5101 Evergreen Rd.
Dearborn, MI 48128-1495
Tel: (313)845-9615
Fax: (313)845-9658
Web Site: http://www.hfcc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Andrew A. Mazzara
Registrar: Mark Ulseth
Admissions: Mark Ulseth
Financial Aid: Kevin Culler
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 220, PT 550 Exams: ACT Library Holdings: 80,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ARCEST, ACF, AHIMA, APTA, ACBSP, CARC, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Golf M; Softball W; Tennis W; Track and Field M; Volleyball W

HILLSDALE COLLEGE

33 East College St.
Hillsdale, MI 49242-1298
Tel: (517)437-7341
Admissions: (517)607-2327
Fax: (517)437-0190
E-mail: jefflantis@hillsdale.edu
Web Site: http://www.hillsdale.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Larry P. Arnn
Registrar: Lindsay Buchinger
Admissions: Jeffrey S. Lantis
Financial Aid: Connie Bricker
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 20% ACT 18-23; 57% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 82 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: February 15 Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted. For home schooled applicants: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. Comprehensive fee: $24,160 includes full-time tuition ($17,000), mandatory fees ($410), and college room and board ($6750). College room only: $3350. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Part-time tuition: $670 per semester hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,262, PT 42 Faculty: FT 100, PT 36 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT, SAT II % Receiving Financial Aid: 32 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 83 Library Holdings: 240,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 semester hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Equestrian Sports W; Football M; Ice Hockey M; Lacrosse M; Riflery M & W; Soccer W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

HOPE COLLEGE

141 East 12th St., PO Box 9000
Holland, MI 49422-9000
Tel: (616)395-7000
Free: 800-968-7850
Admissions: (616)395-7850
Fax: (616)395-7130
E-mail: admissions@hope.edu
Web Site: http://www.hope.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. James E. Bultman
Registrar: Jon Huisken
Admissions: Dr. James R. Bekkering
Financial Aid: Phyllis Hooyman
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Reformed Church in America Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 99% SAT M 400+; 30% ACT 18-23; 52% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 77 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. Comprehensive fee: $28,208 includes full-time tuition ($21,420), mandatory fees ($120), and college room and board ($6668). College room only: $3040. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,029, PT 112 Faculty: FT 215, PT 117 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 59 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 79 Library Holdings: 358,329 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 126 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: ABET, CSWE, JRCEPAT, NASAD, NASD, NASM, NAST, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Ice Hockey M; Lacrosse M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (CANTON)

1905 South Haggerty Rd.
Canton, MI 48188-2025
Tel: (734)397-7800
Free: 800-247-4477
Fax: (734)397-1945
Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/
President/CEO: Nadine Palazzolo
Admissions: Nadine Palazzolo
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: ITT Educational Services, Inc Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $100.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $100. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Not available Exams: Other Credit Hours For Degree: 96 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACICS

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (GRAND RAPIDS)

4020 Sparks Dr., SE
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Tel: (616)956-1060
Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/
President/CEO: Dennis Hormel
Admissions: Dennis Hormel
Financial Aid: Beth Berggren
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: ITT Educational Services, Inc Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $100.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $100. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Not available Exams: Other Credit Hours For Degree: 96 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACICS

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (TROY)

1522 East Big Beaver Rd.
Troy, MI 48083-1905
Tel: (248)524-1800
Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Stephen Goddard
Registrar: Julie Angott
Admissions: Richard Zeeman
Financial Aid: Marj McGuire
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: ITT Educational Services, Inc Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $100.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $100. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Not available Exams: Other Credit Hours For Degree: 96 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACICS

JACKSON COMMUNITY COLLEGE

2111 Emmons Rd.
Jackson, MI 49201-8399
Tel: (517)787-0800; 888-522-7344
Admissions: (517)796-8425
Web Site: http://www.jccmi.edu
President/CEO: Dr. Daniel Phelan
Registrar: Christine Beacco
Admissions: Julie Hand
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $1776 full-time, $74 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $2496 full-time, $104 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $3192 full-time, $133 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $384 full-time, $4.50 per credit hour part-time, $18 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to location. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to location. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,108, PT 3,762 Faculty: FT 93, PT 239 Student-Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Library Holdings: 67,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: AAMAE, ACBSP, JRCEDMS

KALAMAZOO COLLEGE

1200 Academy St.
Kalamazoo, MI 49006-3295
Tel: (269)337-7000
Free: 800-253-3602
Admissions: (269)337-7166
Fax: (269)337-7251
E-mail: admissions@kzoo.edu
Web Site: http://www.kzoo.edu/
President/CEO: Bernard S. Palchick
Registrar: Sandra Hudson
Admissions: John Carroll
Financial Aid: Marian Conrad
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A. Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 9% ACT 18-23; 60% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 68 Admission Plans: Early Action; Early Decision Plan; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: February 15 Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. Comprehensive fee: $32,353 includes full-time tuition ($25,644) and college room and board ($6709). College room only: $3273. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 1,263 Faculty: FT 100, PT 14 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 52 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 75 Library Holdings: 342,939 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 35 courses, Bachelors ROTC: Army Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

KALAMAZOO VALLEY COMMUNITY COLLEGE

PO Box 4070
Kalamazoo, MI 49003-4070
Tel: (269)488-4400
Admissions: (269)488-4207
Fax: (269)448-4555
Web Site: http://www.kvcc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Marilyn J. Schlack
Registrar: Michael McCall
Admissions: Michael McCall
Financial Aid: Roger Miller
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $1320 full-time, $55 per credit part-time. State resident tuition: $2256 full-time, $94 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $3072 full-time, $128 per credit part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,959, PT 6,675 Faculty: FT 127, PT 337 Student-Faculty Ratio: 26:1 Exams: ACT Library Holdings: 88,791 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AAMAE, ADA, CARC Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Golf M; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

KELLOGG COMMUNITY COLLEGE

450 North Ave.
Battle Creek, MI 49017-3397
Tel: (616)965-3931
Admissions: (269)965-3931
Fax: (616)965-4133
Web Site: http://www.kellogg.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. G. Edward Haring
Registrar: Kay L. Keck
Admissions: Sedgwick Harris
Financial Aid: Colin McCaleb
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education % Accepted: 87 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 30 Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For allied health programs: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $1950 full-time, $65 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3165 full-time, $105.50 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4770 full-time, $159 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $210 full-time, $7 per credit hour part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,954, PT 4,246 Faculty: FT 91, PT 291 Student-Faculty Ratio: 22:1 Exams: ACT, SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 42,131 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ADA, APTA, JRCERT, NAACLS Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Soccer M; Softball W; Volleyball W

KETTERING UNIVERSITY

1700 West Third Ave.
Flint, MI 48504-4898
Tel: (810)762-9500
Free: 800-955-4464
Admissions: (810)762-7865
Fax: (810)762-9837
E-mail: admissions@kettering.edu
Web Site: http://www.kettering.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. James E. A. John
Registrar: Michelle Vyskocil
Admissions: Barbara Sosin
Financial Aid: Diane K. Bice
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 24% ACT 18-23; 62% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 73 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED not accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. Comprehensive fee: $29,188 includes full-time tuition ($23,360), mandatory fees ($388), and college room and board ($5440). College room only: $3432. Room and board charges vary according to student level. Part-time tuition: $730 per credit. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 2,411, Grad 524 Faculty: FT 140, PT 17 Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT, SAT II % Receiving Financial Aid: 68 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 48 Library Holdings: 122,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 160 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ABET, ACBSP Intercollegiate Athletics: Ice Hockey M; Lacrosse M; Soccer M; Volleyball M

KIRTLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE

10775 North St Helen Rd.
Roscommon, MI 48653-9699
Tel: (989)275-5000
Fax: (989)275-8210
Web Site: http://www.kirtland.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Charles D. Rorie
Registrar: Penny Lund
Financial Aid: Christen Horndt
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 609, PT 1,309 Faculty: FT 39, PT 56 Exams: Other, SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 35,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: AAMAE

KUYPER COLLEGE

3333 East Beltline, NE
Grand Rapids, MI 49525-9749
Tel: (616)222-3000
Free: 800-511-3749
Admissions: (616)988-3695
Fax: (616)222-3045
E-mail: llighthiser@kuyper.edu
Web Site: http://www.kuyper.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Nicholas V. Kroeze
Registrar: Ben Meyer, EdD
Admissions: Larissa Lynn Lighthiser
Financial Aid: Agnes Russell
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Scores: 66.66% SAT V 400+; 66.66% SAT M 400+; 45% ACT 18-23; 30% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 61 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $17,908 includes full-time tuition ($11,700), mandatory fees ($508), and college room and board ($5700). College room only: $2300. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and student level. Room and board charges vary according to board plan, housing facility, and student level. Part-time tuition: $525 per credit hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 220, PT 50, Grad 4 Faculty: FT 12, PT 14 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 76 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 44 Library Holdings: 56,177 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 63 credits, Associates; 124 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AABC

LAKE MICHIGAN COLLEGE

2755 East Napier
Benton Harbor, MI 49022-1899
Tel: (616)927-8100
Admissions: (269)927-8120
Web Site: http://www.lmc.cc.mi.us/
President/CEO: Dr. Richard Pappas
Registrar: Ann Liska
Admissions: Thomas Hoiles
Financial Aid: Anne Tews
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 58% ACT 18-23; 6% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 76 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $2175 full-time, $72.50 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3060 full-time, $102 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4080 full-time, $136 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $930 full-time, $31 per credit hour part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,235, PT 2,808 Faculty: FT 60, PT 167 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Library Holdings: 79,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 61 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ADA, AOTA, JRCERT, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Softball W; Volleyball W

LAKE SUPERIOR STATE UNIVERSITY

650 W Easterday Ave.
Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783
Tel: (906)632-6841; 888-800-LSSU
Admissions: (906)635-2231
Fax: (906)635-6669
E-mail: admissions@lssu.edu
Web Site: http://www.lssu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Betty J. Youngblood
Registrar: Arlene MacaPherson
Admissions: Susan Camp
Financial Aid: Deborah Faust
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Scores: 58% ACT 18-23; 21% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 85 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 15 Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. State resident tuition: $5988 full-time, $249.50 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $11,976 full-time, $499 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $318 full-time, $7 per credit hour part-time, $75 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $6536. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,315, PT 573 Faculty: FT 112, PT 99 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 64 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 29 Library Holdings: 200,449 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 semester hours, Associates; 124 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ABET, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Ice Hockey M; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

LANSING COMMUNITY COLLEGE

PO Box 40010
Lansing, MI 48901-7210
Tel: (517)483-1957
Free: 800-644-4LCC
Admissions: (517)483-9886
Fax: (517)483-9668
E-mail: grossbt@lcc.edu
Web Site: http://www.lcc.edu/
President/CEO: Paula Cunningham
Registrar: Tom Hoiles
Admissions: Tammy Grossbauer
Financial Aid: Evan Montague
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For allied health programs, international students: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $1975 full-time, $65 per contact hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3175 full-time, $105 per contact hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4375 full-time, $145 per contact hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $50 full-time, $25 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 6,154, PT 13,903 Faculty: FT 227, PT 1,156 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Library Holdings: 98,125 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: ADA, JRCERT, JRCEMT, NAACLS, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

21000 West Ten Mile Rd.
Southfield, MI 48075-1058
Tel: (248)204-4000
Free: 800-225-5588
Admissions: (248)204-3160
Fax: (248)204-3727
E-mail: admissions@ltu.edu
Web Site: http://www.ltu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Charles M. Chambers
Registrar: Holly Diamond
Admissions: Jane Rohrback
Financial Aid: Mark Martin
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 84% SAT V 400+; 90% SAT M 400+; 45% ACT 18-23; 36% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 76 Application Deadline: August 15 Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $26,709 includes full-time tuition ($19,073), mandatory fees ($370), and college room and board ($7266). College room only: $5286. Part-time tuition: $635 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $185 per term. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,604, PT 1,264, Grad 1,254 Faculty: FT 113, PT 276 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT, SAT I % Receiving Financial Aid: 57 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 14 Library Holdings: 110,250 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates; 120 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: ABET, ACBSP, FIDER, NASAD

LEWIS COLLEGE OF BUSINESS

17370 Meyers Rd.
Detroit, MI 48235-1423
Tel: (313)862-6300
Fax: (313)862-1027
Web Site: http://www.lewiscollege.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Marjorie Harris
Registrar: Sherely Fordum
Admissions: Carl King
Financial Aid: Kamisha Watts
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 9, PT 27 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Library Holdings: 3,355 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 67 credit hours, Associates Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M

MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE

14500 East Twelve Mile Rd.
Warren, MI 48088-3896
Tel: (586)445-7000; (866)622-6624
Admissions: (586)445-7183
Fax: (586)445-7140
E-mail: hughesr@macomb.edu
Web Site: http://www.macomb.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Albert L. Lorenzo
Registrar: Ronald Hughes
Admissions: Ron Hughes
Financial Aid: Judith Florian
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $2108 full-time, $68 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3224 full-time, $104 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4185 full-time, $135 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $40 full-time, $20 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 7,520, PT 13,076 Faculty: FT 229, PT 803 Student-Faculty Ratio: 28:1 Library Holdings: 159,226 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ARCEST, AAMAE, ACF, AOTA, APTA, CARC, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M; Cross-Country Running M & W; Soccer M; Softball W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

MADONNA UNIVERSITY

36600 Schoolcraft Rd.
Livonia, MI 48150-1173
Tel: (734)432-5300
Free: 800-852-4951
Admissions: (734)432-5317
Fax: (734)432-5393
E-mail: muinfo@smtp.munet.edu
Web Site: http://www.madonna.eduPresident/CEO: Sr. Rose Marie Kujawa
Registrar: Steven Grenus
Admissions: Frank J. Hribar
Financial Aid: Chris Ziegler
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic Scores: 54% ACT 18-23; 26% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 86 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $16,168 includes full-time tuition ($10,300), mandatory fees ($100), and college room and board ($5768). College room only: $2318. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Part-time tuition: $340 per credit hour. part-time mandatory fees: $50 per term. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,679, PT 1,697, Grad 932 Faculty: FT 127, PT 273 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 3 Library Holdings: 199,144 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates; 120 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: CSWE, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Volleyball W

MARYGROVE COLLEGE

8425 West McNichols Rd.
Detroit, MI 48221-2599
Tel: (313)927-1200; (866)313-1297
Admissions: (313)927-1236
Fax: (313)927-1345
E-mail: info@marygrove.edu
Web Site: http://www.marygrove.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Glenda Price
Registrar: Gayle Reynolds
Admissions: John Ambrose
Financial Aid: Patricia Chaplin
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic % Accepted: 42 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 15 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $19,335 includes full-time tuition ($12,800), mandatory fees ($335), and college room and board ($6200). Part-time tuition: $478 per credit. Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 398, PT 334, Grad 2,859 Faculty: FT 65, PT 6 Student-Faculty Ratio: 51:1 Exams: ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 7 Library Holdings: 83,483 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credits, Associates; 128 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AAFCS, CARC, CSWE, JRCERT, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W

MICHIGAN JEWISH INSTITUTE

25401 Coolidge Hwy.
Oak Park, MI 48237-1304
Tel: (248)414-6900
Fax: (248)414-6907
E-mail: thgardin@mji.edu
Web Site: http://www.mji.edu/
Admissions: Dr. T. Hershel Gardin
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Early Action; Early Decision Plan; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. Tuition: $320 full-time, $320 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $50 full-time. Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 2, PT 34 Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credits, Associates; 120 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ACICS

MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY

East Lansing, MI 48824
Tel: (517)355-1855
Admissions: (517)355-8332
E-mail: admis@msu.edu
Web Site: http://www.msu.edu/
President/CEO: M. Peter McPherson
Registrar: Dr. Linda O. Stanford
Admissions: Pamela Horne
Financial Aid: Richard Eddington-Shipman
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 95.2% SAT V 400+; 97.6% SAT M 400+; 36.5% ACT 18-23; 50.3% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 76 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. State resident tuition: $6705 full-time, $223.50 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $18,458 full-time, $615.25 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $882 full-time, $882 per year part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, degree level, program, and student level. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, degree level, program, and student level. College room and board: $5744. College room only: $2488. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 32,200, PT 3,478, Grad 7,996 Faculty: FT 2,411, PT 351 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 40 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 42 Library Holdings: 4,420,208 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ACEJMC, AALE, AAMFT, AACN, AAFCS, ACCE, ADtA, ACSP, AOsA, APA, ASLA, ASLHA, AVMA, CORE, CSWE, FIDER, LCMEAMA, NAACLS NASM, NASPAA, NRPA, SAF Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Crew W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Equestrian Sports M & W; Field Hockey W; Football M; Golf M & W; Gymnastics M & W; Ice Hockey M & W; Lacrosse M; Rugby M & W; Sailing M & W; Skiing (Cross-Country) M & W; Skiing (Downhill) M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball M & W; Water Polo M & W; Wrestling M

MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

1400 Townsend Dr.
Houghton, MI 49931-1295
Tel: (906)487-1885; 888-MTU-1885
Admissions: (906)487-2335
Fax: (906)487-3343
E-mail: mtu4u@mtu.edu
Web Site: http://www.mtu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Glenn D. Mroz
Registrar: Sharron Paris
Admissions: Allison Carter
Financial Aid: Timothy T. Malette
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 98% SAT V 400+; 99% SAT M 400+; 33% ACT 18-23; 51% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 85 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $7560 full-time, $252 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $18,750 full-time, $625 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $634 full-time, $316.86 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, location, and program. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, location, and program. College room and board: $6375. College room only: $3120. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 5,159, PT 455, Grad 896 Faculty: FT 343, PT 46 Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 49 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 40 Library Holdings: 820,414 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credit hours, Associates; 120 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, SAF Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Fencing M & W; Football M; Ice Hockey M & W; Racquetball M & W; Riflery M & W; Skiing (Cross-Country) M & W; Skiing (Downhill) M & W; Soccer M & W; Squash M & W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Table Tennis M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Water Polo M & W

MID MICHIGAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE

1375 South Clare Ave.
Harrison, MI 48625-9447
Tel: (989)386-6622
Admissions: (989)386-6660
Fax: (989)386-9088
Web Site: http://www.midmich.cc.mi.us/
President/CEO: Ronald G. Verch
Registrar: Stephen Eaton
Admissions: Kim Barnes
Financial Aid: Jennifer Cooper
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Scores: 60% ACT 18-23; 7% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $2000 full-time. State resident tuition: $3500 full-time. Nonresident tuition: $6400 full-time. Mandatory fees: $150 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,465, PT 1,767 Faculty: FT 58, PT 198 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: ACT Library Holdings: 29,450 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: JRCERT

MONROE COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE

1555 South Raisinville Rd.
Monroe, MI 48161-9047
Tel: (734)242-7300
Admissions: (734)384-4261
Fax: (734)242-9711
Web Site: http://www.monroeccc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. David E. Nixon
Registrar: Paul C. Schmidt
Admissions: Randell W. Daniels
Financial Aid: Tracy Vogt
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,501, PT 2,442 Faculty: FT 54, PT 147 Exams: ACT, Other Library Holdings: 47,352 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACF, CARC, NLN

MONTCALM COMMUNITY COLLEGE

2800 College Dr.
Sidney, MI 48885-9723
Tel: (989)328-2111
Admissions: (989)328-1206
Fax: (989)328-2950
E-mail: admissions@montcalm.cc.mi.us
Web Site: http://www.montcalm.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Donald C. Burns
Admissions: Tammy Headworth
Financial Aid: Rebecca Powell
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Scores: 59% ACT 18-23; 15% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $1920 full-time, $64 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $2940 full-time, $98 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $3810 full-time, $127 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $165 full-time, $5.50 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 674, PT 1,406 Faculty: FT 25, PT 108 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: ACT, Other Library Holdings: 29,848 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates

MOTT COMMUNITY COLLEGE

1401 East Ct. St.
Flint, MI 48503-2089
Tel: (810)762-0200
Admissions: (810)762-0315
Fax: (810)762-0292
E-mail: marc.payne@mcc.edu
Web Site: http://www.mcc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. M. Richard Shaink
Admissions: Marc Payne
Financial Aid: Carlos Cisneros
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Labor and Economic Growth Department % Accepted: 39 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 31 Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For nursing, allied health programs, applicants under 19: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $2385 full-time, $79.50 per contact hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3572 full-time, $119.05 per contact hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4766 full-time, $158.85 per contact hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $107 full-time, $53.50 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,663, PT 6,636 Faculty: FT 147, PT 362 Student-Faculty Ratio: 22:1 Library Holdings: 112,251 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ADA, AOTA, APTA, CARC, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Softball W; Volleyball W

MUSKEGON COMMUNITY COLLEGE

221 South Quarterline Rd.
Muskegon, MI 49442-1493
Tel: (231)773-9131
Admissions: (231)777-0261
Fax: (231)777-0255
E-mail: bamfiej@muskegoncc.edu
Web Site: http://www.muskegon.cc.mi.us/
President/CEO: Dr. Frank P. Marczak
Registrar: John Bamfield
Admissions: John Bamfield
Financial Aid: Mary Jo McCann
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 100, PT 50 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 48,597 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: CARC Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Golf M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

NORTH CENTRAL MICHIGAN COLLEGE

1515 Howard St.
Petoskey, MI 49770-8717
Tel: (231)348-6600; 888-298-6605
Admissions: (231)439-6511
Web Site: http://www.ncmc.cc.mi.us/
President/CEO: Dr. Cameron Brunet-Koch
Registrar: Naomi DeWinter
Admissions: Julieanne Tobin
Financial Aid: Sharron Hemme
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For nursing program: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 31, PT 102 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 3 Library Holdings: 29,249 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates

NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

1401 Presque Isle Ave.
Marquette, MI 49855-5301
Tel: (906)227-1000
Free: 800-682-9797
Admissions: (906)227-2650
Fax: (906)227-1747
E-mail: admiss@nmu.edu
Web Site: http://www.nmu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Leslie E. Wong
Registrar: Dr. Marilyn M. Robbert
Admissions: Gerri Daniels
Financial Aid: Mark J. Delorey
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 54% ACT 18-23; 36% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 84 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. One-time mandatory fee: $150. State resident tuition: $5328 full-time, $222 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $9072 full-time, $378 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $630 full-time, $30 per term part-time. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to location. College room and board: $6013. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 7,841, PT 873, Grad 665 Faculty: FT 305, PT 117 Student-Faculty Ratio: 23:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 61 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 32 Library Holdings: 592,689 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates; 124 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AACSB, AACN, ASLHA, CSWE, NAACLS, NAIT, NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Crew M & W; Cross-Country Running W; Equestrian Sports M & W; Football M; Golf M; Ice Hockey M & W; Lacrosse M; Rugby M & W; Skiing (Cross-Country) M & W; Skiing (Downhill) M & W; Soccer W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving W; Track and Field W; Volleyball W

NORTHWESTERN MICHIGAN COLLEGE

1701 East Front St.
Traverse City, MI 49686-3061
Tel: (231)995-1000
Free: 800-748-0566
Admissions: (231)995-1034
Fax: (231)995-1680
Web Site: http://www.nmc.edu/
President/CEO: Timothy J. Nelson
Registrar: Charles Shreve
Admissions: James Bensley
Financial Aid: Deborah Faas
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $15. Area resident tuition: $2339 full-time, $68.80 per contact hour part-time. State resident tuition: $4077 full-time, $119.92 per contact hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $5087 full-time, $149 per contact hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $383 full-time, $10.33 per contact hour part-time, $16 per term part-time. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. College room and board: $6285. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,011, PT 2,598 Faculty: FT 92, PT 215 Student-Faculty Ratio: 23:1 Exams: Other % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 5 Library Holdings: 97,458 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credits, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACF, ADA, ACBSP

NORTHWOOD UNIVERSITY

4000 Whiting Dr.
Midland, MI 48640-2398
Tel: (989)837-4200
Free: 800-457-7878
Admissions: (989)837-4367
Fax: (989)837-4490
E-mail: admissions@northwood.edu
Web Site: http://www.northwood.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. David E. Fry
Registrar: Tina Brisbois
Admissions: Dr. David D. Long
Financial Aid: Terri Mieler
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 86% SAT V 400+; 87% SAT M 400+; 62% ACT 18-23; 18% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 85 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $22,475 includes full-time tuition ($15,216), mandatory fees ($317), and college room and board ($6942). College room only: $3567. Part-time tuition: $317 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,587, PT 990, Grad 311 Faculty: FT 46, PT 31 Student-Faculty Ratio: 34:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 58 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 39 Library Holdings: 41,275 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 90 credit hours, Associates; 180 credit hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

OAKLAND COMMUNITY COLLEGE

2480 Opdyke Rd.
Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304-2266
Tel: (248)341-2000
Admissions: (248)341-2186
Fax: (248)341-2099
Web Site: http://www.oaklandcc.edu/
President/CEO: Richard T. Thompson
Registrar: Dr. Maurice McCall
Admissions: Dr. Maurice H. McCall
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Career Development % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For allied health programs: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $1704 full-time, $56.80 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $2885 full-time, $96.15 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4045 full-time, $134.83 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $70 full-time, $35 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 7,705, PT 16,582 Faculty: FT 275, PT 670 Student-Faculty Ratio: 27:1 Library Holdings: 243,137 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: AAMAE, ACF, ADA, CARC, JRCEDMS, JRCERT, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Soccer M; Softball W; Tennis W; Volleyball W

OAKLAND UNIVERSITY

Rochester, MI 48309-4401
Tel: (248)370-2100
Free: 800-OAK-UNIV
Admissions: (248)370-4467
Fax: (248)370-4462
E-mail: ouinfo@oakland.edu
Web Site: http://www.oakland.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Gary D. Russi
Registrar: Steven J. Shablin
Admissions: Eleanor Reynolds
Financial Aid: Cindy Hermsen
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 54.1% ACT 18-23; 28.3% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 82 Admission Plans: Early Action; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $6443 full-time, $204.75 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $14,869 full-time, $478.50 per credit part-time. Full-time tuition varies according to program and student level. Part-time tuition varies according to program and student level. College room and board: $6080. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 9,760, PT 3,688, Grad 3,891 Faculty: FT 449, PT 441 Student-Faculty Ratio: 23:1 Exams: SAT I and SAT II or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 31 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 13 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, AACN, AANA, ACA, APTA, ASC, NASD, NASM, NASPAA, NAST, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Ice Hockey M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

OLIVET COLLEGE

320 South Main St.
Olivet, MI 49076-9701
Tel: (269)749-7000
Free: 800-456-7189
Fax: (616)749-3821
E-mail: kleonard@olivetcollege.edu
Web Site: http://www.olivetcollege.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Donald L. Tuski
Registrar: Nicole Baker
Admissions: Tom Shaw
Financial Aid: Douglas Gilbertson
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Congregational Christian Church Scores: 68% ACT 18-23; 16% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $21,944 includes full-time tuition ($15,970), mandatory fees ($494), and college room and board ($5480). College room only: $2980. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to reciprocity agreements. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $515 per credit. Part-time tuition varies according to course load and reciprocity agreements. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Miscellaneous, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 954, PT 69, Grad 46 Faculty: FT 34, PT 33 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 87 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 59 Library Holdings: 90,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

ROCHESTER COLLEGE

800 West Avon Rd.
Rochester Hills, MI 48307-2764
Tel: (248)218-2000
Free: 800-521-6010
Admissions: (248)218-2032
Fax: (248)218-2005
E-mail: admissions@rc.edu
Web Site: http://www.rc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Michael W. Westerfield
Registrar: Cathy MacKenzie
Admissions: Kelvin Brown
Financial Aid: Lee Watson
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Church of Christ Scores: 92% SAT V 400+; 76% SAT M 400+; 51% ACT 18-23; 29% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 87 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $18,916 includes full-time tuition ($11,120), mandatory fees ($1236), and college room and board ($6560). Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $360 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $180 per term. part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 690, PT 357, Grad 8 Faculty: FT 45, PT 90 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 % Receiving Financial Aid: 84 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 26 Library Holdings: 55,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credit hours, Associates; 128 credit hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Volleyball W

SACRED HEART MAJOR SEMINARY

2701 Chicago Blvd.
Detroit, MI 48206-1799
Tel: (313)883-8500
Admissions: (313)883-8710
Web Site: http://www.archdioceseofdetroit.org/shms/shms.htm
President/CEO: Very Rev. Steven Boguslawski
Registrar: Janet Galea
Admissions: John Lajiness
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: July 31 Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $16,671 includes full-time tuition ($10,341), mandatory fees ($80), and college room and board ($6250). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition: $245 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $40 per term. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 45, PT 254, Grad 110 Faculty: FT 27, PT 13 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 136,975 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credits, Associates; 120 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AClPE, ATS

SAGINAW CHIPPEWA TRIBAL COLLEGE

2274 Enterprise Dr.
Mount Pleasant, MI 48858
Tel: (989)775-4123
Fax: (989)775-4528
E-mail: treed@sagchip.org
Web Site: http://www.sagchip.org/tribalcollege/
President/CEO: Dr. Jeffrey L. Hamley
Admissions: Tracy Reed
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed % Accepted: 100 Application Fee: $0.00 Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Tuition: $1320 full-time, $55 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $136 full-time, $68 per term part-time. Calendar System: Semester Enrollment: FT 43, PT 80 Faculty: FT 4, PT 13 Student-Faculty Ratio: 9:1 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools

SAGINAW VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY

7400 Bay Rd.
University Center, MI 48710
Tel: (989)964-4000
Free: 800-968-9500
Admissions: (989)964-4200
Fax: (989)964-0180
E-mail: admissions@svsu.edu
Web Site: http://www.svsu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Eric R. Gilbertson
Registrar: Chris J. Looney
Admissions: James P. Dwyer
Financial Aid: Robert Lemuel
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 54.9% ACT 18-23; 24% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 89 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. State resident tuition: $4,876 full-time, $162.55 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $11,486 full-time, $382.85 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $405 full-time, $13.50 per credit hour part-time. full-time tuition and fees vary according to course level, course load, location, and program. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course level, course load, location, and program. College room and board: $6150. College room only: $3600. Room and board charges vary according to board plan, housing facility, and student level. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 6,044, PT 1,885, Grad 1,640 Faculty: FT 260, PT 300 Student-Faculty Ratio: 20:1 Exams: ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 53 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 13 Library Holdings: 226,952 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, AOTA, CSWE, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Bowling M; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M; Lacrosse W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

ST. CLAIR COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE

323 Erie St., PO Box 5015
Port Huron, MI 48061-5015
Tel: (810)984-3881
Admissions: (810)989-5500
Fax: (810)984-4730
Web Site: http://www.sc4.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Rose Bellanca
Registrar: Pete Lacey
Admissions: Pete Lacey
Financial Aid: Josephine Cassar
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted. Certain applicants 18 or over camn be admitted as special students without a high school diploma or GED: High school diploma or equivalent not required. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 79, PT 197 Exams: ACT Library Holdings: 59,134 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credits, Associates Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Golf M; Softball W; Volleyball W

SCHOOLCRAFT COLLEGE

18600 Haggerty Rd.
Livonia, MI 48152-2696
Tel: (734)462-4400
Admissions: (734)462-4426
Fax: (734)462-4553
Web Site: http://www.schoolcraft.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Conway Jeffress Registrar: Mary Beaudoin
Admissions: Cheryl Wright
Financial Aid: Cheryl Wright
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $1950 full-time, $65 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $2910 full-time, $97 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4290 full-time, $143 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $130 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,377, PT 6,836 Faculty: FT 99, PT 336 Student-Faculty Ratio: 27:1 Exams: ACT, Other Library Holdings: 96,216 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: AHIMA Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Volleyball W

SIENA HEIGHTS UNIVERSITY

1247 East Siena Heights Dr.
Adrian, MI 49221-1796
Tel: (517)263-0731
Free: 800-521-0009
Admissions: (517)264-7180
Fax: (517)264-7745
E-mail: admissions@sienahts.edu
Web Site: http://www.sienahts.edu
President/CEO: Dr. Richard Artman
Registrar: Amy G. Smith
Admissions: Kevin Kucera
Financial Aid: Deborah Schmidt
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic Scores: 63% ACT 18-23; 24% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 65 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 33 Library Holdings: 120,407 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates; 120 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NASAD Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

SOUTHWESTERN MICHIGAN COLLEGE

58900 Cherry Grove Rd.
Dowagiac, MI 49047-9793
Tel: (269)782-1000
Free: 800-456-8675
Fax: (269)782-8414
E-mail: mhay@swmich.edu
Web Site: http://www.swmich.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. David Mathews
Registrar: Kathy Peterson
Admissions: Dr. Margaret Hay
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $2101 full-time. State resident tuition: $2659 full-time. Nonresident tuition: $2868 full-time. Mandatory fees: $465 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,015, PT 1,661 Faculty: FT 45, PT 119 Student-Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Library Holdings: 38,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates

SPRING ARBOR UNIVERSITY

106 East Main St.
Spring Arbor, MI 49283-9799
Tel: (517)750-1200
Free: 800-968-0011
Fax: (517)750-1604
E-mail: admissions@arbor.edu
Web Site: http://www.arbor.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Gayle Beebe
Registrar: Darlene Mefford
Admissions: Randy Comfort
Financial Aid: Lois M. Hardy
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Free Methodist Scores: 97% SAT V 400+; 96% SAT M 400+; 48.4% ACT 18-23; 33.2% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 75 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $22,476 includes full-time tuition ($16,270), mandatory fees ($396), and college room and board ($5810). College room only: $2730. Room and board charges vary according to board plan, housing facility, and location. Part-time tuition: $350 per credit. part-time mandatory fees: $306 per year. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: 4-1-4, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,913, PT 697, Grad 1,091 Faculty: FT 80, PT 58 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: ACT, SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 72 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 63 Library Holdings: 100,094 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credits, Associates; 124 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AACN, CSWE, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

UNIVERSITY OF DETROIT MERCY

4001 W McNichols Rd, PO Box 19900
Detroit, MI 48219-0900
Tel: (313)993-1000
Free: 800-635-5020
Admissions: (313)993-1245
Fax: (313)993-3326
Web Site: http://www.udmercy.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Gerard L. Stockhausen, SJ
Registrar: Diane M. Praet
Admissions: Denise Williams
Financial Aid: Sandra Ross
Type: University Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic (Jesuit) Scores: 49% ACT 18-23; 35% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $29,798 includes full-time tuition ($21,900), mandatory fees ($570), and college room and board ($7328). College room only: $4288. Part-time tuition: $535 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,901, PT 1,410, Grad 1,296 Faculty: FT 268, PT 440 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 82 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 21 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 63 credit hours, Associates; 126 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, AANA, ABA, ACA, ADA, APA, AALS, CSWE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Fencing M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis W; Track and Field M & W

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Tel: (734)764-1817
Admissions: (734)764-7433
Fax: (734)936-0740
E-mail: ugadmiss@umich.edu
Web Site: http://www.umich.edu/
President/CEO: Mary Sue Coleman
Registrar: Paul A. Robinson
Admissions: Ted Spencer
Financial Aid: Pamela Fowler
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 99% SAT V 400+; 99% SAT M 400+; 9% ACT 18-23; 56% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 57 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: February 01 Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $9213 full-time, $349 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $27,602 full-time, $1115 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $187 full-time, $94.69 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, degree level, location, program, and student level. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, degree level, location, program, and student level. College room and board: $7374. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Trimester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 24,446, PT 1,021, Grad 11,966 Faculty: FT 2,347, PT 589 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT, SAT II % Receiving Financial Aid: 45 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 37 Library Holdings: 7,958,145 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ARCMI, ACEHSA, AACN, ABA, ACNM, ACPhE, ADA, ADtA, ACSP, ALA, APA, ASLA, AALS, CEPH, CSWE, LCMEAMA, NASAD, NASM SAF Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Crew W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Field Hockey W; Football M; Golf M & W; Gymnastics M & W; Ice Hockey M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Water Polo W; Wrestling M

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN-DEARBORN

4901 Evergreen Rd.
Dearborn, MI 48128-1491
Tel: (313)593-5000
Admissions: (313)593-5100
E-mail: cwtrem@umd.umich.edu
Web Site: http://www.umd.umich.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Daniel Little
Registrar: Dr. Linda Ellis-Brown
Admissions: Christopher Treblay
Financial Aid: John Mason
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Michigan System Scores: 92.3% SAT V 400+; 98% SAT M 400+; 48.5% ACT 18-23; 45% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 71 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. State resident tuition: $6718 full-time, $256.10 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $14,858 full-time, $581.50 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $123 full-time, $123.50 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course level, course load, program, and student level. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course level, course load, program, and student level. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 4,031, PT 2,540, Grad 2,042 Faculty: FT 287, PT 225 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: ACT, SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 46 Library Holdings: 340,897 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Navy, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Ice Hockey M; Volleyball W

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN-FLINT

303 East Kearsley St.
Flint, MI 48502-1950
Tel: (810)762-3000
Admissions: (810)762-3434
E-mail: maryjoss@umflint.edu
Web Site: http://www.umflint.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Juan E. Mestas
Registrar: Karen Arnold
Admissions: Dr. Mary Jo Sekelsky
Financial Aid: Lori Vedder
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Michigan System Scores: 79% SAT V 400+; 74% SAT M 400+; 51% ACT 18-23; 27% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 85 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. State resident tuition: $6082 full-time, $240 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $11,834 full-time, $480 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $316 full-time, $124 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,458, PT 2,213, Grad 692 Faculty: FT 213, PT 207 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 57 Library Holdings: 253,182 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACSB, AACN, AANA, APTA, CSWE, JRCERT, NASM, NLN

UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX-METRO DETROIT CAMPUS

5480 Corporate Dr., Ste. 240
Troy, MI 48098-2623
Tel: (248)925-4100
Free: 800-228-7240
Admissions: (480)557-1712
Fax: (248)267-0147
Web Site: http://www.phoenix.edu/
President/CEO: Ted Blashak
Admissions: Nina Omelchanko
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $110.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $110. Tuition: $11,340 full-time, $378 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $560 full-time, $70 per course part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Continuous, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 2,970, Grad 1,023 Faculty: FT 11, PT 330 Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1 Library Holdings: 444 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates; 120 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NLN

UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX-WEST MICHIGAN CAMPUS

318 River Ridge Dr. NW
Grand Rapids, MI 49544-1683
Tel: (616)647-5100
Free: 800-228-7240
Admissions: (480)557-1712
Web Site: http://www.phoenix.edu/
President/CEO: Simon Lumley
Admissions: Nina Omelchanko
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $110.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $110. Tuition: $11,100 full-time, $370 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $560 full-time, $70 per course part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Continuous, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 959, Grad 197 Faculty: FT 8, PT 195 Student-Faculty Ratio: 6:1 Library Holdings: 444 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates; 120 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NLN

WALSH COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

3838 Livernois Rd., PO Box 7006
Troy, MI 48007-7006
Tel: (248)689-8282
Admissions: (248)823-1209
Fax: (248)524-2520
Web Site: http://www.walshcollege.edu/
President/CEO: Keith Pretty
Registrar: Victoria R. Scavone
Admissions: Victoria R. Scavone
Financial Aid: Howard Thomas
Type: Two-Year Upper Division Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $9000 full-time, $250 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $230 full-time, $115 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Miscellaneous, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 145, PT 764, Grad 2,196 Faculty: FT 14, PT 114 Student-Faculty Ratio: 20:1 % Receiving Financial Aid: 41 Library Holdings: 26,300 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 127 credit hours, Bachelors

WASHTENAW COMMUNITY COLLEGE

4800 East Huron River Dr., PO Box D-1
Ann Arbor, MI 48106
Tel: (734)973-3300
Admissions: (734)973-3315
Fax: (734)677-5408
Web Site: http://www.wccnet.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Larry L. Whitworth
Registrar: Linda Blakey
Admissions: Sukanya J. Jett
Financial Aid: Guy Hower
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted. For health occupations programs only, otherwise open enrollment: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,432, PT 8,638 Faculty: FT 162, PT 610 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 76,500 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates ROTC: Army, Navy, Air Force Professional Accreditation: ACF, ADA, JRCERT, NLN

WAYNE COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT

801 West Fort St.
Detroit, MI 48226-3010
Tel: (313)496-2600
Admissions: (313)496-2884
Fax: (313)961-2791
E-mail: caafjh@wccc.edu
Web Site: http://www.wcccd.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Curtis L. Ivery
Admissions: Patricia Hawkins
Financial Aid: Marcus McGrew
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For applicants under 18, allied health program: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,912, PT 8,761 Faculty: FT 150, PT 250 Exams: Other Library Holdings: 70,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates Professional Accreditation: ARCEST, ADA, AOTA, CARC Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Golf M & W; Volleyball W

WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY

656 West Kirby St.
Detroit, MI 48202
Tel: (313)577-2424
Free: 800-WSU-INFO
Admissions: (313)577-3577
Fax: (313)577-7536
E-mail: admissions@wayne.edu
Web Site: http://www.wayne.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Irvin D. Reid
Registrar: Linda Falkiewicz
Admissions: Susan Zwieg
Financial Aid: Catherine Kay
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 45% ACT 18-23; 21% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 60 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. State resident tuition: $5682 full-time, $189.40 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $13,014 full-time, $433.80 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $757 full-time, $15.80 per semester hour part-time, $141.70 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to student level. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to student level. College room and board: $5350. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 11,924, PT 8,813, Grad 9,348 Faculty: FT 1,004, PT 913 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 54 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 7 Library Holdings: 1,883,570 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, AACN, AANA, ABA, ABFSE, ACNM, ACPhE, ACA, ADtA, ACSP, ALA, AOTA, APTA, APA, ASC, ASLHA, AALS, CORE, CSWE JRCERT, LCMEAMA, NAACLS, NASD, NASM, NASPAA, NAST, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Fencing M & W; Football M; Golf M; Ice Hockey M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

WEST SHORE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

PO Box 277, 3000 North Stiles Rd.
Scottville, MI 49454-0277
Tel: (231)845-6211
Fax: (231)845-0207
E-mail: admissions@westshore.cc.mi.us
Web Site: http://www.westshore.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Charles T. Dillon
Registrar: Dr. Denise Ottinger
Admissions: Tom Bell
Financial Aid: Victoria Oddo
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Michigan Department of Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For nursing program: High school diploma required; GED not accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 25, PT 30 Student-Faculty Ratio: 25:1 Exams: ACT, Other Library Holdings: 2,500 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates

WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

1903 West Michigan Ave.
Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5202
Tel: (269)387-1000
Admissions: (269)387-2000
Fax: (269)387-2096
E-mail: ask-wmu@wmich.edu
Web Site: http://www.wmich.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Judith I. Bailey
Admissions: Pamela Liberacki
Financial Aid: Susan O'Flaherty
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 59% ACT 18-23; 30.1% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 85 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. State resident tuition: $5826 full-time, $194.18 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $15,204 full-time, $506.81 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $652 full-time, $165.75 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, location, and student level. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, location, and student level. College room and board: $6651. College room only: $3518. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 18,760, PT 2,674, Grad 4,805 Faculty: FT 922, PT 538 Student-Faculty Ratio: 20:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 53 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 24 Library Holdings: 2,040,692 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 122 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, AACN, AAFCS, ACA, ADtA, AOTA, APA, ASLHA, CAA, CORE, CSWE, FIDER, NASAD, NASD, NASM, NASPAA, NAST, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running W; Football M; Golf W; Gymnastics W; Ice Hockey M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field W; Volleyball W

YESHIVA GEDDOLAH OF GREATER DETROIT RABBINICAL COLLEGE

24600 Greenfield
Oak Park, MI 48237-1544
Tel: (810)968-3360
President/CEO: Rabbi P. Rushnawitz
Registrar: Rabbi Y. Bakst
Admissions: Eric Krohner
Financial Aid: Rabbi Y. Blitz
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Men Affiliation: Jewish H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED not accepted Professional Accreditation: AARTS

College Blue Book

Michigan

views updated May 11 2018

MICHIGAN

STATE EDUCATION OFFICE

Saundra Carter, Education Research Coordinator
Michigan Department of Career Development
PO Box 30712
Lansing, MI 48909
(517)373-3373

STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION

Under the laws of the State, through provisions of Act 148 of 1943, and as amended in 1949, 1967, and 1983, and Administrative Rules 390.561 to 390.569, Michigan provides for the regulation and licensing of private schools, trade schools, business schools, and institutions in the State of Michigan. All private trade schools, business schools, and institutions operated by any person, firm, or corporation for the purpose of teaching any trade, occupation, or vocation shall secure a license from the State Board of Education.
The license may be revoked at any time, if in the judgment of the Board, the person, firm, or corporation is not complying with the provisions of the law, or the rulings and directives of the Board. Before such license may be issued, the applicant must have operated under a temporary permit in a manner satisfactory to the State Board of Education. The school's personnel, its standards of operation, instructional practices and methods, and content of advertising must satisfactorily meet the requirements of the State Board of Education.
The State Board of Education is required to make provisions for adequate inspection of all private trade schools, business schools, and institutions. Such schools are required to submit reports to the Board and to make available to authorized representatives of the Board all records pertaining to the school and to the individual enrollee.
Private trade schools, business schools, or institutions shall provide the State Board with evidence of surety to provide indemnification to any student suffering loss because of inability to complete a course or program of study due to the closing of the school.
The permit for operation will be issued to a school for a specified period by the State Board for a twelve-month period. The permit expires on the date specified unless the date is extended in writing by the Department, in which case it shall expire on the date written on the extension. The operation of a school under a permit will be evaluated by authorized department personnel for conformance with the laws. After such an evaluation of a school, and it shows conformance with the laws for the previous twelve months, a license will be issued.
The law also requires that an annual fee be paid for each new or annual license or permit issued.
It is essential that the owners of the school have a satisfactory record of integrity and business practice. The financial cash records, assets, liabilities, and capital shall be available for inspection by authorized departmental personnel. Students' records including payment of fees, programs, awards, and placement records for at least two years following graduation shall be available. Tuition rates and other costs on the students shall be furnished to the State Board of Education. Classroom loads shall also be available to the Department.
Courses of instruction shall extend over a sufficient period to meet current standards of trade and business practices; adequate space and material shall meet local and State health and sanitation requirements.
It should also be pointed out that the standard set forth by the State in the rules apply to home study schools in so far as possible.

ADRIAN

Fiser's College of Cosmetology

329-1/2 E. Maumee, Adrian, MI 49221. Cosmetology. Contact: Pamela Fiser, President, (517)263-0000, Web Site: http://www.adrianbeauty.edu/about.htm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $8,400 cosmetology; $2,700 instructor; $3,200 manicuring & esthetician. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Financial aid available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (750 Hr); Esthetician (400 Hr); Manicurist (400 Hr)

ALPENA

Alpena Community College

666 Johnson St., Alpena, MI 49707-1495. Two-Year College. Founded 1952. Contact: Dr. Olin Joynton, Pres., (989)356-9021, (989)358-7246, 888-468-6222, Fax: (989)358-7561, E-mail: joyntono@alpenacc.edu, admisreq@alpenacc.edu, Web Site: http://www.alpenacc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $72/contact hr. in-district; $108/contact hr. in-state; $144/contact hr. out-of-state. Enrollment: men 848, women 1,129. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC; CAAHEP; ACBSP. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Auto Body & Fender Repair (1 Yr); Auto Mechanics (2 Yr); Business Management (2 Yr); Chemical Technology (2 Yr); Construction Technology (2 Yr); Data Processing - Business (2 Yr); Drafting & Design Technology (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Graphic Arts (1 Yr); Information Sciences Technology (2 Yr); Law Enforcement (2 Yr); Machine Operator, General (1 Yr); Manufacturing Technology (2 Yr); Marketing (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Power Lineman (1 Yr); Secretarial, General (1 Yr); Small Business Management (1 Yr)

Alpena's Hollywood School of Beauty

1036 Walter St., Alpena, MI 49707. Cosmetology. Founded 1966. Contact: Renee Karschnick, (989)354-5758. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $3,900 tuition; $500 books & equipment. Enrollment: Total 50. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Financial aid available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr)

Northeast Michigan School of Wildlife Art

3361 US 23 S., Alpena, MI 49707. Trade and Technical. Founded 1992. Contact: Ralph Bolda, (989)358-2010, (989)356-3600, Fax: (989)358-2010, E-mail: ralph@schooloftaxidermy.com, info@schooloftaxidermy.com, Web Site: http://www.schooloftaxidermy.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Month. Tuition: $1,500 to $6,000. Enrollment: Total 6. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Taxidermy (32-48 Hr)

ANN ARBOR

Ann Arbor Institute of Massage Therapy

180 Jackson Plz., Ste. 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48103. Trade and Technical. Founded 1992. Contact: Jocelyn Granger, Dir., (734)677-4430, Fax: (313)677-4520, E-mail: info@aaimt.edu, Web Site: http://www.aaimt.edu; Web Site: http://www.aaimt.edu; Web Site:http://www.aaimt.edu/contact.htm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Year. Tuition: $7,650; additional costs: fees, books, table, chair, approx. $1,605. Enrollment: men 21, women 73. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: COMTA. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Massage Therapy (750 Hr); Reflexology (23 Hr)

Conlin-Hallissey Travel School, Inc.

3270 Washtenaw, Ann Arbor, MI 48104. Trade and Technical. Founded 1983. Contact: Sharon Derrig, (734)677-1562, 800-426-6546, Fax: (734)677-0901, E-mail: travelschool@conlintravel.com, Web Site: http://www.travelstudent.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $79 per course. Enrollment: Total 8. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Travel Agents (196 Hr)

Ross Medical Education Center - Ann Arbor

4741 Washtenaw, Ann Arbor, MI 48108-1411. Allied Medical.(734)434-7320, Web Site: http://www.rossmedicaleducation.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Week. Tuition: $8,860 per year; $6,230 room and board. Enrollment: Total 76. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES; ACCSCT. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (30 Wk)

Washtenaw Community College

4800 E. Huron River Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Two-Year College. Founded 1966. Contact: Larry Whitworth, Pres., (734)973-3453, (734)973-3300, Fax: (734)677-5408, Web Site: http://www.wccnet.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $69 per credit hour, in-district; $112 out-of-district; $147 out-of-state; $75 distance learning courses. Enrollment: Total 12,022. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: CAAHEP; NCAHLC; ADA; JRCERT; NLNAC; ACF; ASHP. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Automated; Accounting, General; Administrative Assistant; Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration; Architectural Design Technology; Auto Body & Fender Repair; Auto Mechanics; Automotive Service; Automotive Technology; Baking; Business; Business Automation; Business Management; Cabinet & Mill Work; Child Care & Guidance; Computer Aided Drafting; Computer Information Science; Computer Networking; Computer Programming; Computer Technology; Construction Management; Criminal Justice; Culinary Arts; Dental Assisting; Digital Program Design; Drafting & Design Technology; Drafting, Architectural; E-Commerce; Education; Electrical Engineering Technology; Electronics Technology; Entrepreneurship; General Studies; Graphic Design; Health Occupations; Hospitality; Human Services; Illustration; Industrial Technology; Journalism; Liberal Arts; Machine Operator, General; Machine Tool & Die; Machine Tool Programming Technology; Management; Mathematics; Mechanical Drafting; Mechanical Engineering; Medical Assistant; Medical Transcription; Microcomputers; Music; Music & Recording Technology; Numerical Control; Nurses Aide; Nursing, R.N.; Personnel Management; Pharmacy Technician; Photography; Robotics; Small Business Management; Surgical Technology; Surveying; Video Production; Web Development; Welding Technology

AUBURN HILLS

Oakland Community College, Auburn Hills Campus

2900 Featherstone Rd., Auburn Hills, MI 48326. Two-Year College, Trade and Technical. Founded 1964. Contact: Dr. Janice Brown, Enrollment Services, (248)232-4100, Web Site: http://www.oaklandcc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Term: Semester. Tuition: $55/credit district resident; $93/credit non-district state resident; $131/credit out-of-state/international. Enrollment: Total 8,276. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC; ADA; CAAHEP; JRCERT; NLNAC; ABA; ACF; CARC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Auto Body & Fender Repair; Automotive Service (1 Yr); Automotive Technology; Climate Control (1 Yr); Computer Aided Drafting (2 Yr); Cosmetology (2 Yr); Court Reporting (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Drafting, Trade; Electrical Technology (1 Yr); Electronics Technology; Emergency Medical Technology; Engineering Technology, Architectural (2 Yr); Industrial Management & Supervision (1 Yr); Landscape Architecture; Law Enforcement; Machine Specialist; Machine Tool & Die (1 Yr); Mechanical Drafting; Mechanical Technology - Production (1 Yr); Mechanics, Diesel; Mechanics, Power Fluid (2 Yr); Mental Health Technology; Microcomputers (2 Yr); Nuclear Medical Technology (2 Yr); Police Science (1 Yr); Secretarial, Administrative; Secretarial, Legal; Secretarial, Medical; Security Training (1 Yr); Telecommunications Technology (2 Yr); Welding Technology (1 Yr); Word Processing (2 Yr)

TEAM Academy

1091 Centre Rd., Ste. 120, Auburn Hills, MI 48326. Trade and Technical. Contact: Steve Hoffmann, (810)373-4925, Fax: (810)377-2560. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 20. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Aided Design; Computer Aided Drafting; Computer Aided Manufacturing; Drafting & Design Technology; Drafting, Engineering

BATTLE CREEK

Davenport University, Battle Creek Campus

200 W. Van Buren St., Battle Creek, MI 49017. Business. Founded 1866. Contact: John Hume, Dir., (269)968-6105, (269)382-2835, 800-762-4173, Fax: (269)968-0763, E-mail: john.hume@davenport.edu, Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $3,828 average/semester. Enrollment: Total 3,353. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Business; Computer Programming; Computer Programming, Business; Marketing; Medical Assistant; Medical Technology - Phlebotomy; Medical Transcription; Secretarial, Executive; Secretarial, Legal; Secretarial, Medical

Kellogg Community College

450 North Ave., Battle Creek, MI 49017. Two-Year College. Founded 1956. Contact: Sedgwick Harris, Dir. of Admissions, (269)965-3931, (269)965-4153, 800-955-4522, Fax: (269)966-4089, E-mail: harriss@kellogg.edu, Web Site: http://www.kellogg.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $72/credit in-district; $112.50/credit out-of-district; $113.50/credit IN resident; $166/credit out-of-state. Enrollment: men 3,500, women 4,000. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: ADA; APTA; CAAHEP; NAACLS; NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Avionics (2 Yr); Business Administration (2 Yr); Chemical Technology (2 Yr); Child Care & Guidance (1 Yr); Clerical, General (1 Yr); Commercial Art (2 Yr); Communications Technology (2 Yr); Community Aid (2 Yr); Computer Networking (2 Yr); Computer Programming (2 Yr); Correctional Science (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Dental Hygiene (2 Yr); Drafting & Design Technology (2 Yr); E-Commerce (2 Yr); Electricity, Industrial (2 Yr); Electronics, Industrial (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Emergency Medical Technology (1 Yr); Fire Science (2 Yr); Hazardous Waste Technology (2 Yr); Human Services (2 Yr); Industrial Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Law Enforcement (2 Yr); Legal Assistant (2 Yr); Machine Tool & Die (1 Yr); Management (2 Yr); Manufacturing Technology (2 Yr); Medical Laboratory Technology (2 Yr); Microcomputers (2 Yr); Millwright (2 Yr); Nurses Aide (1 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Paramedic (1 Yr); Physical Therapy Aide (2 Yr); Pipefitting (2 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Secretarial, General (1 Yr); Secretarial, Legal (2 Yr); Secretarial, Medical (2 Yr); Sheet Metal (2 Yr); Social Services Aide (2 Yr); Welding Technology (2 Yr); Word Processing (1 Yr)

BAY CITY

Bayshire Academy of Beauty Craft Inc.

917 Saginaw St., Bay City, MI 48708-5614. Cosmetology, Trade and Technical. Contact: James F. Goodrow, President, (989)894-4923, (989)894-0392. Private. Coed. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $1,550-$5,950 plus books and supplies. Enrollment: men 4, women 68. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NACCAS. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (600 Hr); Massage Therapy (600 Hr); Nail Technology (600 Hr)

BELLEVILLE

Michigan Institute of Aeronautics

47884 D St., Willow Run Airport, Belleville, MI 48111-1278. Trade and Technical. Founded 1968. Contact: Kevin Burchett, Dir., (734)483-3758, 800-447-1310, Fax: (734)483-1449, Web Site: http://www.miat.edu; Web Site: http://www.miat.edu; Web Site: http://www.miat.edu/contact.html. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Other. Tuition: $18,690. Enrollment: Total 340. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: FAA; ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Aircraft Mechanics (12 Mo); Aircraft Powerplant Maintenance (12 Mo); Airframe Mechanics (19 Mo)

BENTON HARBOR

Lake Michigan College

2755 E. Napier, Benton Harbor, MI 49022. Two-Year College. Founded 1946. Contact: Dr. W. Chuck Philip, VP Academic Services, (269)927-8620, (269)927-8100, 800-252-1562, Fax: (269)927-6875, E-mail: philip@lakemichigancollege.edu, Web Site: http://www.lakemichigancollege.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $73/credit in-district; $486/credit in service area resident; $115/credit out-of-area. Enrollment: Total 1,186. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: CAAHEP; NLNAC; NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Bank Management (2 Yr); Business Administration; Business, General Office (2 Yr); Computer Information Science (2 Yr); Correctional Science (2 Yr); Data Entry (1 Yr); Dental Assisting (2 Yr); Drafting Technology (2 Yr); Electro-Mechanical Technology (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Hospitality (2 Yr); Industrial Management & Supervision (2 Yr); Law Enforcement (2 Yr); Machine Tool Programming Technology (2 Yr); Management Development (2 Yr); Manufacturing Technology (2 Yr); Marketing & Sales (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (2 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Occupational Therapy Assistant (2 Yr); Probation and Parole (2 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Secretarial, Executive (2 Yr); Secretarial, General (1 Yr); Secretarial, Legal (2 Yr); Secretarial, Medical (2 Yr); Word Processing (1 Yr)

BERRIEN SPRINGS

Andrews University

100 Old US 31, Berrien Springs, MI 49104. Trade and Technical, Flight and Ground. Founded 1874. Contact: M. Wesley Shultz, Dean, College of Technology, (269)471-3414, 800-253-2874, Fax: (269)471-6292, E-mail: shultzw@andrews.edu, enroll@andrews.edu, Web Site: http://www.andrews.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $16,506. Enrollment: Total 3,017. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: ATS; NCA-HLC; NAAB; CACREP; ADtA; APTA; NASM; NCATE; NLNAC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Agriculture, General; Auto Mechanics; Aviation Technology; Computer Science; Engineering Technology; Graphic Arts; Multimedia Design

BIG RAPIDS

Ferris State University

1201 S. State St., Bldg. CSS 201, Big Rapids, MI 49307. Other. Founded 1884. Contact: Craig Westman, Admissions Dir., (231)591-2000, (231)591-2797, 800-433-7747, Fax: (231)591-3944, Web Site: http://www.ferris.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $6,686 per year; $6,816 room and board per year. Enrollment: Total 11,803. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: JRCERT; ADA; AOA; NCA-HLC; ACPhE; NLNAC; JRCNMT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration (2 Yr); Architectural Technology (2 Yr); Auto Body & Fender Repair (2 Yr); Automotive Service (2 Yr); Automotive Technology (2 Yr); Building Construction Technology (2 Yr); Business, General Office (2 Yr); Chemical Technology (2 Yr); Child Care & Guidance (2 Yr); Construction Technology (2 Yr); Dental Hygiene (2 Yr); Electronics, Industrial (2 Yr); Engineering Technology, Mechanical (2 Yr); Food Service & Management (2 Yr); Heavy Equipment (2 Yr); Horticulture, Ornamental (2 Yr); Legal Assistant (2 Yr); Mechanical Technology (2 Yr); Mechanics, Heavy Equipment (2 Yr); Medical Laboratory Technology (2 Yr); Medical Record Technology (2 Yr); Nuclear Medical Technology (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (2 Yr); Optometric Assistant (2 Yr); Plastics Technology (2 Yr); Printing Technology (2 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Real Estate, Basic (2 Yr); Respiratory Therapy (2 Yr); Retail Management (2 Yr); Surveying (2 Yr); Visual Communications (2 Yr); Welding Technology (2 Yr)

BIRMINGHAM

Birmingham Bible Institute

280 E. Lincoln, Birmingham, MI 48009. Other. Founded 1973. Contact: Melissa S. Fenner, Registrar, (248)646-2000, 877-344-7223, Fax: (248)646-2213, E-mail: fennerm@aol.com, information@gbcministries.com, Web Site: http://www.gbcministries.org. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $185 for four credit hours. Enrollment: Total 120. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Bible Study; Deaf Education

BLOOMFIELD HILLS

Oakland Community College, Bloomfield Hills

2480 Opdyke Rd., Bloomfield Hills, MI 48303. Other. Founded 1965. Contact: Dr. Marice McCall, Dir. of Admissions, (248)341-2000, Fax: (248)341-2126, Web Site: http://www.oaklandcc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Trisemester. Tuition: $55/credit district resident; $93/credit non-district state resident; $131/credit out-of-state/international. Enrollment: Total 7,159. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: JRCRTE; ADA; CAAHEP; FAA; JRCERT; NLNAC; ABA; ACF; CARC; NCAHLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Audiovisual Technology; Auto Body Design; Automotive Service; Aviation Technology; Ceramics; Commercial Art; Computer Aided Design; Computer Aided Manufacturing (1 Yr); Computer Information Science; Correctional Science; Cosmetology; Court Reporting; Dental Hygiene; Drafting Technology (1 Yr); Early Childhood Education; Electronics, Digital; Electronics Technology; Emergency Medical Technology; Energy Systems Technology; Engineering Technology, Architectural; Fire Fighting; Food Service & Management; Geriatric Care; Graphic Arts; Health Care & Management; Hotel & Motel Management; Industrial Management & Supervision; Landscaping; Law Enforcement (1 Yr); Legal Assistant (1 Yr); Library Technical Assistant; Machine Tool & Die Design; Management Development; Mechanical Technology - Production; Medical Assistant; Medical Record Technology; Medical Transcription; Mental Health Technology; Nuclear Medical Technology; Nursing, Practical; Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Nursing, Vocational; Office, General (1 Yr); Paralegal (1 Yr); Pharmacy Technician; Police Science; Quality Control; Radiologic Technology; Respiratory Therapy; Robotics; Security Training; Technician, Industrial Service; Ultrasonography; Welding Technology

BRIGHTON

Brighton Institute of Cosmetology

10543 Citation Dr., Brighton, MI 48116-8360. Cosmetology. Founded 1983. Contact: Pat Hammill, Manager, (810)229-5066, Fax: (810)229-4561, E-mail: hairbuggies@aol.com. Private. Coed. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $7,495 Cosmetology; $2,595 Manicurist; $2,595 esthetician. Enrollment: men 2, women 56. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Financial aid not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Beauty (400 Hr); Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Manicurist (400 Hr)

Ross Medical Education Center - Brighton

5757 Whitmore Lake Rd., Ste. 800, Brighton, MI 48116. Allied Medical. Founded 1983. Contact: Sharon Treumuth, Dir., (810)227-0160, E-mail: rossmed109@juno.com, Web Site: http://www.rossmedicaleducation.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Week. Tuition: $8,860 per year; $6,230 room and board. Enrollment: Total 102. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES; ACCSCT. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (30 Wk)

CANTON

ITT Technical Institute (Canton)

1905 S Haggerty Rd, Canton, MI 48188-2025. Trade and Technical. (734)397-7800, 800-247-4477, Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu; Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/contact/form.cfm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $14,196 per year. Enrollment: Total 771. Degrees awarded: Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business Administration (96 Credits); Computer Aided Drafting & Design (96 Credits); Computer Networking (96 Credits); Criminal Justice (96 Credits); Electrical Engineering Technology (96 Credits); Multimedia Design (96 Credits); Software Development/Engineering (96 Credits); Web Development (96 Credits)

CENTREVILLE

Glen Oaks Community College

62249 Shimmel Rd., Centreville, MI 49032. Two-Year College. Founded 1967. Contact: Jean Zimmerman, Admissions, (616)467-9945, 888-994-7818, Fax: (616)467-9068, E-mail: jzimmerman@mail.glenoaks.edu, Web Site: http://www.glenoaks.cc.mi.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $2,516 in-state; $4,590 out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 1,493. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (1 Yr); Administrative Assistant (1 Yr); Automotive Service (1 Yr); Automotive Technology (1 Yr); Business (1 Yr); Computer Information Science (1 Yr); Drafting & Design Technology (1 Yr); Early Childhood Education (1-2 Yr); Electronics Technology (1 Yr); Engineering (2 Yr); General Studies (2 Yr); Machine Tool Programming Technology (1 Yr); Marketing Management (1 Yr); Medical Office Management (1 Yr); Nursing, Practical (2 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr)

CLAWSON

Academy of Court Reporting-Clawson

1330 W 14th Mile, Clawson, MI 48017. Trade and Technical. Founded 1989. (248)435-9030, Web Site: http://www.acr.edu; Web Site: http://www.acr.edu/admissions.asp. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $8,000; $1,500 books and supplies. Enrollment: Total 535. Degrees awarded: Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Court Reporting; Investigation; Paralegal; Secretarial, Legal

CLINTON TOWNSHIP

Macomb Community College, Center Campus

44575 Garfield Rd., Clinton Township, MI 48038-1139. Two-Year College. Founded 1954. Contact: Albert L. Lorenzo, President, (586)286-2052, (586)286-2215, (866)MAC-OMB1, Fax: (586)286-2002, E-mail: answer@macomb.edu, Web Site: http://www.macomb.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $65/sem hour county resident; $99 out-of-county; $129 non-resident. Enrollment: men 11,859, women 13,077. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NLNAC; NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Automotive Technology; Business, General Office; Business Management; Computer Science Terminal Operation; Cosmetology - Administration, Management & Supervision; Design; Early Childhood Specialist; Emergency Medical Technology; Finance; Fire Science; Food Service & Management; Law Enforcement; Marketing; Mechanical Drafting; Medical Assistant; Medical Receptionist; Music; Nursing, R.N.; Physical Therapy Aide; Respiratory Therapy; Secretarial, Administrative; Secretarial, Medical; Theatre Arts; Veterinary Technology; Word Processing

DEARBORN

Henry Ford Community College

5101 Evergreen Rd., Dearborn, MI 48128. Two-Year College. Founded 1938. Contact: Doug Freed, Dir. Admissions, (313)845-9600, (313)845-9613, 800-585-HFCC, Web Site: http://www.hfcc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $57 per semester hour, in-district; $112 per semester hour, out-of-district; $120/credit out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 4,500. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: AAMAE; JRCRTE; APTA; NLNAC; NCA-HLC; CAAHEP; ACF; ACBSP; CAPTE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (1 Yr); Automation Technology (2 Yr); Automotive Service (2 Yr); Automotive Technology (1 Yr); Business, General Office (2 Yr); Commercial Art (2 Yr); Computer Aided Drafting (2 Yr); Construction Technology (1 Yr); Cooperative Education (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Drafting, Industrial (2 Yr); Electrical Technology (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Emergency Medical Technology (1 Yr); Energy Systems Technology (2 Yr); Engineering, Steam (1 Yr); Fire Science (2 Yr); Freight Management (2 Yr); Graphic Design (2 Yr); Hospitality (2 Yr); Information Sciences Technology (2 Yr); Instrumentation Technology (2 Yr); Interior Design (1 Yr); Legal Assistant (2 Yr); Machine Tool & Die (1 Yr); Management (2 Yr); Manufacturing Technology (2 Yr); Medical Office Management (1 Yr); Medical Receptionist (1 Yr); Medical Record Technology (2 Yr); Medical Transcription (1 Yr); Numerical Control (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Pharmacy Technician (1 Yr); Physical Therapy Aide (2 Yr); Power Plant Mechanics (1 Yr); Quality Control (2 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Real Estate Appraisal (2 Yr); Respiratory Therapy (2 Yr); Robotics (2 Yr); Traffic & Transportation Management (2 Yr)

DETROIT

Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. Aerospace Technical High

10200 Erwin, Detroit, MI 48234. Flight and Ground. Founded 1942. Contact: Alsce L. Johnson, (313)866-5401, Fax: (313)866-5408. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students not accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $35 per credit hour, community college; $1,500 per year postgraduate. Enrollment: men 237, women 64. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: FAA. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Aircraft Airframe Maintenance (1 Yr); Aircraft Powerplant Maintenance (1 Yr); Airframe Mechanics; Aviation Maintenance Technology

Focus Hope Machinist Training Institute

1355 Oakman Blvd., Detroit, MI 48238. Trade and Technical. Contact: Linda D. Tinsley, Business manager/student services, (313)494-5500, (313)494-4300, Fax: (313)494-4590, E-mail: admissions@focushope.edu, Web Site: http://www.focushope.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $9,250. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Curriculum: Machinist, General (31 Wk)

Krainz Woods Academy of Medical Laboratory Technology

4327 E. 7 Mile Rd., Detroit, MI 48234. Allied Medical. Founded 1970. Contact: L. Ford, Dir., (313)366-5204, Fax: (313)366-6560. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (7 Mo); Medical Laboratory Technology (13 Mo); Medical Technology - Phlebotomy (4 Mo)

Local 547 Stationary Engineers Education

24270 W. Seven Mile Rd., Detroit, MI 48219. Trade and Technical. Founded 1970. Contact: Russell Bellant, Dir. of Education, (313)532-2022, 800-253-2316, Fax: (313)532-7306, E-mail: rbellant@iuoelocal547.com, iuoe547@ iuoelocal547.com, Web Site: http://www.iuoelocal547.com/; Michelle McAllister, Asst. to the Director, E-mail: mmcallister@iuoelocal547.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Enrollment: Total 290. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (132 Hr); Boiler, Hot Water Steam (352 Hr); Engineering Technology, Mechanical (132 Hr); Refrigeration Technology (132 Hr)

Michigan Barber School, Inc.

8988 Grand River, Detroit, MI 48204. Barber. Founded 1946. Contact: F. F. Green, Jr., Dir., (313)894-2300, 800-210-1150, Fax: (313)894-7274, E-mail: mibarber@msn.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Other. Tuition: $5,200. Enrollment: Total 191. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Barbering (2000 Hr); Hair Styling (2000 Hr)

Michigan Paralegal Institute, Inc.

615 Griswold, Ste. 320, Detroit, MI 48226. Business. Founded 1987. Contact: Veronica Hughes, (313)964-1452, Fax: (313)964-0908. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Hour. Tuition: $4,500, books included. Enrollment: Total 75. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Placement service available. Curriculum: Legal Assistant (200 Hr); Paralegal (200 Hr)

St. John Hospital, School of Radiologic Technology

22101 Moross Rd., Detroit, MI 48236. Allied Medical. Founded 1952. Contact: Denise Allen, MBA, R.T.(R)(M), (313)343-3549, Fax: (313)343-3359, E-mail: denise.allen@stjohn.org, Web Site: http://www.stjohn.org/SchoolOfRadiology. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $500 per year; $450 textbooks. Enrollment: Total 20. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: JRCERT. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Radiologic Technology (2 Yr)

SER Business and Technical Institute

9301 Michigan Ave., Detroit, MI 48210. Business. Founded 1971. Contact: Carolyn Miller, Academics Dir., (313)846-2240, Fax: (313)846-2247. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $3,752-$6,260. Enrollment: Total 200. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Automated (30 Wk); Administrative Assistant (30 Wk); Clerical, Medical (15 Wk); Computer Operations (37 Wk); Medical Administrative Assistant (30 Wk)

Sinai-Grace Hospital of Detroit

6701 West Outer Dr., Detroit, MI 48235. Allied Medical. Contact: Liz Beam, Dir., (313)966-3300, Web Site: http://www.sinaigrace.org; Web Site: http://www.sinaigrace.org/sinaigrace/contact. Public. Coed. Curriculum: Medical Technology

Sinai-Grace Hospital, School of Radiologic Technology

6071 W. Outer Dr., Detroit, MI 48235. Allied Medical. Contact: M. Elizabeth Beam, (313)966-6866, (313)966-3300, Fax: (313)966-1272, E-mail: mbeam@dmc.org, Web Site: http://www.sinaigrace.org/sinaigrace/specialties/radiology; Web Site: http://www.sinaigrace.org/sinaigrace/contact. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students not accepted. Housing not available. Tuition: $600 Technology, tuition; $775, books. Enrollment: men 5, women 15. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: JRCERT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Radiologic Technology

University of Detroit Mercy

4001 W. McNichols Rd., PO Box 19900, Detroit, MI 48219. Other. Founded 1877. Contact: Dr. Barbara Schirmer, V.P. Academic Affairs, (313)993-1000, (313)993-1245, 800-635-5020, Fax: (313)993-1192, E-mail: admissions@udmercy.edu, barbara.schirmer@udmercy.edu, Web Site: http://www.udmercy.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $22,470 (full-time/annual). Enrollment: Total 5,521. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: CAAHEP; NLNAC; NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Architectural Design Technology; Business Administration; Business, International; Civil Engineering Technology; Computer Information Science; Computer Science; Correctional Science; Criminal Justice; Dental Hygiene; Education; Engineering; Engineering Technology, Computer; Engineering Technology, Electronic; Finance; Handicapped, Special Education; Health Care & Management; Human Services; Legal Administration; Legal Assistant; Liberal Arts; Management; Marketing; Mathematics; Mechanical Engineering; Production Management

Wayne County Community College District

801 W. Fort St., Detroit, MI 48226. Two-Year College. Founded 1969. Contact: Dr. Curtis L. Ivery, Chancellor, (313)496-2600, Fax: (313)961-7842, E-mail: info@admin.wccc.edu, civery1@wcccd.edu, Web Site: http://www.wcccd.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $55.50/credit hr., district resident; $71.75/credit hr., state resident; $91/credit hr., out-of-state and international. Enrollment: Total 13,000. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: ADA; AOTA; FAA; NLNAC; NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Administrative Assistant; Air Conditioning & Heating; Airframe Mechanics; Auto Body & Fender Repair; Automotive Collision Repair; Automotive Service; Aviation Maintenance Technology; Aviation Technology; Building Maintenance; Business Administration; Child Care & Guidance; Computer Graphics; Computer Information Science; Computer Technology; Criminal Justice; Dental Assisting; Dental Hygiene; Dietetic Technology; Drug & Alcohol Counseling; Electrical Technology; Electro-Mechanical Technology; Electronics Technology; Emergency Medical Technology; Engineering; Environmental Health; Environmental Technology; Fire Protection Technology; Geriatric Care; Heavy Equipment; Hospitality; Interior Design; Labor Studies; Liberal Arts; Machine Tool & Die; Manufacturing Technology; Marketing Management; Mechanical Drafting; Mechanics, Diesel; Medical Laboratory Technology; Mental Health Technology; Metallurgical Technology; Nursing, R.N.; Occupational Therapy Assistant; Office, General; Paramedic; Pharmacy Technician; Physicians Assistant; Respiratory Therapy; Secretarial, Executive; Secretarial, General; Secretarial, Legal; Social Work Technology; Surgical Technology; Truck Driving; Veterinary Technology; Welding Technology

DOWAGIAC

Southwestern Michigan College

58900 Cherry Grove Rd., Dowagiac, MI 49047. Two-Year College. Founded 1964. Contact: Dr. David M. Mathews, Pres., (269)782-1000, (269)687-1600, 800-456-8675, Fax: (269)782-8414, Web Site: http://www.swmich.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Semester. Tuition: $75 in-district per contact hr.; $94 in-state per contact hr.; $102 out-of-state per contact hr. Enrollment: Total 1,077. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: FAA; NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Advertising (2 Yr); Agriculture, General (2 Yr); Auto Mechanics (2 Yr); Automotive Technology (2 Yr); Banking (2 Yr); Business Administration (2 Yr); Business Management (2 Yr); Chemical Technology (2 Yr); Commerce (2 Yr); Composition, General (2 Yr); Computer Programming (2 Yr); Creative Writing (2 Yr); Drafting Technology (2 Yr); Electrical Technology (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Graphic Arts (2 Yr); Industrial Management & Supervision (2 Yr); Legal Assistant (2 Yr); Machine Technology (2 Yr); Marketing Management (2 Yr); Mechanical Technology (2 Yr); Mechanics, Aviation (2 Yr); Merchandising, Sales (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (2 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Office Administration (2 Yr); Painting (2 Yr); Personnel Management (2 Yr); Real Estate, Basic (2 Yr); Retail Management (2 Yr); Secretarial, Administrative (2 Yr); Secretarial, General (2 Yr); Secretarial, Legal (2 Yr); Secretarial, Medical (2 Yr); Welding Technology (2 Yr); Word Processing (2 Yr)

EAST LANSING

Educational Institute of the American Hotel and Lodging Association

2113 N. High St., East Lansing, MI 48826. Correspondence. Founded 1951. Contact: Karen Flickinger, Instructional Specialist, (517)372-8800, 800-390-8399, Fax: (517)372-5141, E-mail: kflickinger@ei-ahla.org, Web Site: http://www.ei-ahla.org. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 2,500. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Food Preparation & Service; Hospitality; Hotel & Motel Management; Marketing; Sales

Institute of Transformational Hypnotherapy

PO Box 1293, East Lansing, MI 48826. Other. Founded 1992. Contact: Robert Ranger, (517)374-6156. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Trisemester. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 19. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Hypnotism (120 Hr)

EASTPOINTE

Mannequin School

19148 Ten Mile Rd., Eastpointe, MI 48021-1449. Other. Founded 1972. Contact: Randall Karp, (586)541-5000, 800-635-6335, Fax: (586)775-4750, E-mail: rkarp@mannequinmodels.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Month. Tuition: $1,795. Enrollment: women 300. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Modeling, Professional (75 Hr)

ESCANABA

Bay De Noc Community College

2001 N. Lincoln Rd., Escanaba, MI 49829. Two-Year College. Founded 1963. Contact: Cynthia Carter, Dir. of Admissions, (906)786-5802, 800-221-2001, Fax: (906)786-8515, E-mail: carterc@baycollege.edu, Web Site: http://www.baycollege.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $61/contact hr. in-county; $88/contact hr. out-of-county; $138/contact hr. out-of-state/international. Enrollment: Total 2,355. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Automated (2 Yr); Automotive Technology (2 Yr); Business (2 Yr); Business, General Office (2 Yr); Computer Aided Design (2 Yr); Computer Graphics (1 Yr); Computer Operations (1 Yr); Early Childhood Specialist (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Machine Tool Programming Technology (1 Yr); Marketing (2 Yr); Mechanics, Heavy Equipment (1 Yr); Numerical Control (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Paper Technology (2 Yr); Secretarial, General (1 Yr); Water & Waste Water Pollution Technology (2 Yr); Welding Technology (1 Yr)

FARMINGTON HILLS

Oakland Community College, Orchard Ridge Campus

27055 Orchard Lake Rd., Farmington Hills, MI 48334. Two-Year College. Founded 1967. Contact: Rhonda Brown, Counselor, (248)522-3400, (248)522-3450, Fax: (248)471-7544, E-mail: oraskacounselor@oaklandcc.edu, Web Site: http://www.oaklandcc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $55/credit district resident; $93/credit non-district state resident; $131/credit out-of-state/international. Enrollment: Total 24,000. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC; ADA; CAAHEP; JRCERT; NLNAC; ABA; ACF; CARC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Architectural Technology (2 Yr); Automotive Service (2 Yr); Aviation Management (2 Yr); Business Administration (2 Yr); Commercial Art; Computer Aided Design (2 Yr); Computer Information Science (1 Yr); Computer Literacy (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Culinary Arts; Dental Hygiene (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Emergency Medical Technology (2 Yr); Environmental Technology (2 Yr); Fire Fighting (2 Yr); Food Service & Management; Health Care & Management (2 Yr); Hotel & Motel Management (2 Yr); Information Sciences Technology; Landscaping (2 Yr); Legal Assistant; Library Technology (2 Yr); Machine Technology (2 Yr); Management Development; Medical Assistant (2 Yr); Mental Health Technology (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (2 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Office Technology; Paralegal; Photography; Physical Fitness (2 Yr); Radiation Therapy Technology (2 Yr); Respiratory Therapy (2 Yr); Retail Management; Robotics (2 Yr); Social Work Technology (2 Yr); Ultrasonography (2 Yr); Welding Technology (2 Yr)

FERNDALE

Michigan HVAC Vocational Training Center

1521 E. 8 Mile Rd., Ferndale, MI 48220. Trade and Technical. Founded 1987. Contact: Eleanor Gracin, (248)544-1965, Fax: (248)544-1958. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $5,100. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (14 Wk); Heating Technology (9 Wk); Sheet Metal (12 Wk)

Virginia Farrell Beauty School (Ferndale)

22925 Woodward Ave., Ferndale, MI 48220. Cosmetology. Founded 1967. Contact: Pauline Drace, Owner, (248)398-4647, (248)424-9123, Fax: (248)398-4649, E-mail: info@virginiafarrell.com, Web Site: http://virginiafarrell.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $7,600 cosmetologist; $3,300 manicurist; $3,100 cosmetology instructor (prices do not include books and supplies). Enrollment: men 22, women 205. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (600 Hr); Manicurist (600 Hr)

FLINT

Baker College

1050 W. Bristol Rd., Flint, MI 48507. Business. Founded 1911. Contact: F. James Cummins, President, (810)766-4000, (810)766-4250, Fax: (810)766-4049, E-mail: jim.cummins@baker.edu, Web Site: http://www.baker.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $6,300. Enrollment: Total 3,800. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: AAMAE; AOTA; APTA; CAAHEP; NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (18 Mo); Administrative Assistant (18 Mo); Architectural Design Technology (18 Mo); Bookkeeping (9 Mo); Business Administration (18 Mo); Clerical, General (9 Mo); Computer Information Science (18 Mo); Computer Networking (18 Mo); Computer Programming (18 Mo); Computer Servicing - Data Processing (9 Mo); Computer Technology (18 Mo); Drafting & Design Technology (18 Mo); Electronic Engineering Technology (18 Mo); Environmental Technology (18 Mo); Health Aide (9 Mo); Health Technology (18 Mo); Hospitality (18 Mo); Human Services (18 Mo); Interior Design (18 Mo); Management (18 Mo); Manufacturing Technology (21 Mo); Marketing (18 Mo); Mechanical Engineering (21 Mo); Medical Assistant (18 Mo); Medical Insurance Specialist (18 Mo); Medical Receptionist (12 Mo); Medical Transcription (18 Mo); Microcomputers (18 Mo); Pharmacy Technician (12 Mo); Physical Therapy Aide (21 Mo); Receptionist (12 Mo); Surgical Technology (18 Mo); Travel & Tourism (18 Mo); Travel & Transportation Management (9 Mo); Truck Driving (9 Mo)

Flint Institute of Barbering

3214 Flushing Rd., Flint, MI 48504. Barber. Founded 1925. Contact: Martha Ayre Poulos, (810)232-4711, Fax: (810)232-3132. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $5,000. Enrollment: Total 58. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Barbering (2000 Hr)

ITT Technical Institute (Flint)

5405 Gateway Centre Dr., Flint, MI 48507. Trade and Technical.(810)762-2500, 800-514-6564, Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu; Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/contact/form.cfm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $14,196 per year. Degrees awarded: Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business Administration (96 Credits); Computer Aided Drafting & Design (96 Credits); Computer Networking (96 Credits); Criminal Justice (96 Credits); Electrical Engineering Technology (96 Credits); Multimedia Design (96 Credits); Software Development/Engineering (96 Credits); Web Development (96 Credits)

Mott Community College

1401 E. Court St., Flint, MI 48503. Two-Year College. Founded 1923. Contact: Michael Kelly, Exec. Dir, (810)762-0315, (810)762-0200, 800-852-8614, Fax: (810)232-9442, E-mail: inquiry@mcc.edu, michael.kelly@mcc.edu, Web Site: http://www.mcc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $131 county/district resident; $169 state resident; $207 out-of-state (includes enrollment and technology fees). Enrollment: men 3,034, women 7,286. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Administrative Assistant; Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration; Auto Body & Fender Repair; Automotive Technology; Auto Painting; Building Construction Technology; Business; Business, International; Business Management; Child Care - Nanny; Communications Technology; Computer Applications; Computer Information Science; Computer Networking; Computer Programming; Computer Science; Computer Technology; Correctional Science; Cosmetology; Cosmetology - Administration, Management & Supervision; Criminal Justice; Culinary Arts; Data Processing; Dental Assisting; Dental Hygiene; Drafting & Design Technology; Early Childhood Education; Early Childhood Specialist; Electronics Technology; Engineering Technology, Mechanical; Fire Protection Technology; Food Service & Management; Geographic Information Systems; Graphic Design; Health Care & Management; Histologic Technology; Industrial Technology; Language; Management, Production; Manufacturing Technology; Marketing Management; Medical Office Management; Medical Technology - Phlebotomy; Nurse, Assistant; Nurses Aide; Nursing, Practical; Occupational Therapy Assistant; Paramedic; Photography - Photo Equipment Technology; Physical Therapy Aide; Quality Control; Radiologic Technology; Respiratory Therapy; Secretarial, Legal; Secretarial, Medical; Small Business Management; Social Work Technology; Teacher Assistant; Technological Studies

Ross Medical Education Center - Flint

1036 Gilbert, Flint, MI 48532. Allied Medical.(810)230-1100, Web Site: http://www.rossmedicaleducation.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Week. Tuition: $8,860 per year; $6,230 room and board. Enrollment: Total 130. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES; ACCSCT. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (30 Wk)

FLUSHING

Bartending School of Mid-Michigan

401 Coutant St., Flushing, MI 48433-1672. Trade and Technical. Contact: Marcy Bosley, (810)732-7000. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Week. Tuition: $595. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Bartending (3 Wk)

GRAND RAPIDS

Beacon Learning Center

4595 Broadmoor SE, Ste. 180, Grand Rapids, MI 49512. Trade and Technical. Founded 1995. Contact: Diane Frede, Dir., (616)698-9420, 800-337-9300, Fax: (616)638-0838, E-mail: dfrede@beaconweb.com, Web Site: http://www.beaconlearningcenters.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies with program. Enrollment: Total 378. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Networking; Computer Repair; Data Entry; Data Processing; Desktop Publishing; Medical Billing; Medical Coding Specialist; Web Development; Word Processing

Chic University of Cosmetology

1735 Four Mile Rd. NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49525. Cosmetology. Founded 1961. Contact: Bob Gibner, Admissions Dir., (616)363-9853, Fax: (616)363-7548, E-mail: bgibner@salonent.com, Web Site: http://www.chicuniversity.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Hour. Tuition: $7,200. Enrollment: Total 150. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1600 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (600 Hr); Manicurist (400 Hr)

ELS Language Centers

Grand Valley State University, 301 Michigan NE, 5th Fl., Grand Rapids, MI 49503. Other. Founded 1961. Contact: Todd Patterson, Center Dir., (616)331-5720, Fax: (616)331-5721, E-mail: grr@els.edu, Web Site: http://www.els.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Month. Tuition: $1,395 intensive; $1,045 semi-intensive. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ACCET. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: English As A Second Language (3-4 Wk)

Grand Rapids Community College

143 Bostwick Ave. NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503. Two-Year College. Founded 1914. Contact: Judy Stark, Dean, School of Workforce Development, (616)234-3744, (616)234-4000, Fax: (616)234-3781, E-mail: jstark@grcc.edu, Web Site: http://www.grcc.edu; Web Site: http://www.grcc.edu/?PageID=233. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $73.50/contact hr. resident; $142/contact hr. non-resident; $202/contact hr. out-of-state. Enrollment: men 7,031, women 6,892. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: AOTA; NASM; NLNAC; NAEYC; NCA-HLC; ADA; JRCERT; ACF. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration (1 Yr); Automotive Service (2 Yr); Automotive Technology (2 Yr); Business Management (2 Yr); Chemical Technology (2 Yr); Computer Aided Manufacturing (2 Yr); Computer Electro-Mechanics (2 Yr); Computer Literacy (1 Yr); Computer Science (2 Yr); Correctional Science (2 Yr); Culinary Arts (2 Yr); Data Processing (1 Yr); Dental Assisting (2 Yr); Dental Hygiene (2 Yr); Drafting, Architectural (2 Yr); Early Childhood Education (2 Yr); Early Childhood Specialist (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Executive Assistant (2 Yr); Fashion Merchandising (2 Yr); Food Service & Management (2 Yr); Industrial Management & Supervision (2 Yr); Industrial Technology (2 Yr); Interior Decoration (2 Yr); Interior Design (2 Yr); Law Enforcement (2 Yr); Legal Assistant (2 Yr); Machine Tool & Die (1 Yr); Marketing (2 Yr); Mechanical Drafting (1 Yr); Media Technology (2 Yr); Medical Assistant (2 Yr); Medical Office Management (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Occupational Therapy Assistant (2 Yr); Plastics Technology (2 Yr); Quality Control (1 Yr); Radio & Television (1 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Secretarial, Science (1 Yr); Water Quality Control (2 Yr); Welding, Arc & Gas (1 Yr); Welding Technology (2 Yr); Youth Services (2 Yr)

ITT Technical Institute (Grand Rapids)

4020 Sparks Dr., SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546. Two-Year College. Founded 1968. Contact: Dennis Hormel, Dir., (616)956-1060, 800-632-4676, Fax: (616)956-5606, E-mail: dhormel@itt-tech.edu, Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu; Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/contact/form.cfm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $14,196 per year. Enrollment: Total 695. Degrees awarded: Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business Administration (96 Credits); Computer Aided Drafting & Design (96 Credits); Computer Networking (96 Credits); Criminal Justice (96 Credits); Electrical Engineering Technology (96 Credits); Multimedia Design (96 Credits); Software Development/Engineering (96 Credits); Web Development (96 Credits)

Olympia Career Training Center

1750 Woodworth St., NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49525. Allied Medical. Founded 1972. Contact: Ruth Stewart, President, (616)364-8464, (866)221-6822, Fax: (616)364-5454, Web Site: http://olympia.career-edu.net. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $6,695-$9,125. Enrollment: Total 522. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Dental Assisting (30 Wk); Health Care & Management (30 Wk); Massage Therapy (40 Wk); Medical Assistant (30 Wk); Medical Insurance Specialist (34 Wk); Medical Transcription (30 Wk); Nursing, Practical (48 Wk); Surgical Technology (45 Wk)

Reformed Bible College

3333 E. Beltline NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49525. Other. Founded 1940. Contact: Larissa Lighthiser, Vice-President for Enrollment, (616)222-3000, 800-511-3749, Fax: (616)222-3045, E-mail: admissions@kuyper.edu, Web Site: http://www.reformed.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $5,650/semester full-time; $540/credit part-time; meal plans start at $1,500. Enrollment: Total 237. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: ABHE; NAEYC; CSWE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Bible Study; Child Care & Guidance; Minister; Secretarial, Science; Social Work Technology

Ross Medical Education Center - Grand Rapids

2035 28th St., S.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49508. Allied Medical.(616)243-3070, Web Site: http://www.rossmedicaleducation.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Week. Tuition: $8,860 per year; $6,230 room and board. Enrollment: Total 124. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES; ACCSCT. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (30 Wk)

GROSSE POINTE PARK

Detroit Institute of Ophthalmology

15415 E. Jefferson Ave., Grosse Pointe Park, MI 48230. Allied Medical. Founded 1972. Contact: Deanna Presnell, (313)824-3937, Fax: (313)822-4233, E-mail: djpresnell@mycomcast.com, Web Site: http://www.eyeson.org. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $110/credit hour, resident; $130/credit hour, non-resident. Enrollment: men 1, women 18. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: CAAHEP. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Ophthalmic Assistant (8-12 Mo)

HANCOCK

Finlandia University

601 Quincy St., Hancock, MI 49930. Other. Founded 1896. Contact: Ben Larson, Dean of Enrollment Management, (906)487-7274, 877-202-5491, Fax: (906)487-7383, E-mail: admissions@finlandia.edu, ben.larson@finlandia.edu, Web Site: http://www.finlandia.edu; Ben Larson, Dean of Enrollment Management, E-mail: ben.larson@finlandia.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $16,200 per year full-time. Enrollment: Total 524. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Business Administration (4 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Design (4 Yr); Education (4 Yr); Human Services (4 Yr); Liberal Arts (4 Yr); Nursing, Practical (4 Yr); Physical Therapy Aide (2 Yr)

Institute of Natural Therapies

PO Box 222, Hancock, MI 49930. Trade and Technical. Founded 1994. Contact: Harold Roy Rudnianin, (906)482-2222, Fax: (906)337-1232, Web Site: http://www.intherapies.com; Web Site: http://www.intherapies.com/index.php?c=contact. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Year. Tuition: $5,000; $25 registration; $300-$600 supplies; $5,000 average. Enrollment: men 8, women 40. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Massage Therapy (37 Wk)

HARRISON

Mid Michigan Community College

1375 S. Clare Ave., Harrison, MI 48625. Two-Year College. Founded 1965. Contact: Kim Barnes, Admissions Dir., (989)386-6622, (989)386-6660, Fax: (989)386-6613, E-mail: kbarnes@midmich.edu, Web Site: http://www.midmich.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $2,220/yr in-district; $3,700/yr in-state; $6,710 out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 3,232. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC; JRCERT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Secretarial (2 Yr); Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration (2 Yr); Art; Auto Mechanics (1 Yr); Automotive Technology (2 Yr); Biological Technology; Business Administration (2 Yr); Chemical Technology; Clerical, General (2 Yr); Communications Technology; Computer Aided Drafting (2 Yr); Computer Information Science (2 Yr); Computer Science; Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Drafting, Machine Design (1 Yr); Early Childhood Education; Education; Emergency Medical Technology; Environmental Technology; Fire Science (2 Yr); Fisheries & Wildlife Management; General Studies; Graphic Design (2 Yr); Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (1 Yr); Hospital Management; Machine Shop (1 Yr); Manufacturing Technology (2 Yr); Marketing Management (2 Yr); Mathematics; Mechanical Engineering (2 Yr); Medical Assistant; Medical Office Management (2 Yr); Medical Transcription; Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Office Technology; Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Science; Secretarial, General (2 Yr); Secretarial, Legal (2 Yr); Small Business Management (2 Yr); Theatre Arts; Visual Communications; Welding Technology (1 Yr)

HILLSDALE

Hillsdale Beauty College, Inc.

64 Waldron St., Hillsdale, MI 49242. Cosmetology. Founded 1938. Contact: J. Smith, (517)437-4670, 888-437-4670, Fax: (517)437-2010. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $7,200 plus $900 books and supplies. Enrollment: men 1, women 61. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (13 Mo); Cosmetology Instructor (15 Wk); Manicurist (14 Wk)

HOLLY

Avanti Career Academy

1600 Rosell Rd., Holly, MI 48442-8636. Trade and Technical, Business. Founded 1988. Contact: Carol Molle, (810)629-4114, 888-354-0230, Fax: (810)629-3622, E-mail: avantitravel@earthlink.net. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $1,920. Enrollment: Total 8. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Travel & Tourism (14 Wk)

HOWELL

Howell College of Cosmetology

1800 Dorr Rd., Howell, MI 48843. Cosmetology. Contact: Kimberly M. Luttman, President, (517)546-4155. Private. Coed. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $9,100 cosmetology; $2,500 nail technology; $2,100 cosmetology instructor (prices do not include books and supplies). Enrollment: men 1, women 37. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NACCAS. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1600 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (600 Hr); Nail Technology (400 Hr)

IRONWOOD

Gogebic Community College

E. 4946 Jackson Rd., Ironwood, MI 49938. Two-Year College. Founded 1932. Contact: Steve Wesselhoft, Dean of Student Svcs., (906)932-4231, 800-682-5910, Fax: (906)932-0868, E-mail: stevew@gogebic.edu, admissions@gogebic.edu, Web Site: http://www.gogebic.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $77/per credit hour, in-district; $97 per credit hour, out-of-district; $123/credit out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 1,400. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Administrative Assistant (2 Yr); Auto Mechanics (1 Yr); Automotive Service (2 Yr); Building Construction Technology (2 Yr); Building Trades (1 Yr); Business (1-2 Yr); Business Administration (2 Yr); Business Occupations (2 Yr); Child Care & Guidance (1 Yr); Clerical, General (1 Yr); Commercial Art (2 Yr); Computer Aided Design (2 Yr); Computer Aided Manufacturing (2 Yr); Correctional Science (1 Yr); Cosmetology (1 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Early Childhood Education (2 Yr); Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Health Technology (2 Yr); Information Systems (1-2 Yr); Medical Insurance Specialist (1 Yr); Medical Transcription (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Printing, Offset (1 Yr); Ski Area Technology (2 Yr); Social Work Technology (2 Yr); Word Processing (2 Yr)

JACKSON

Jackson Community College

2111 Emmons Rd., Jackson, MI 49201. Two-Year College. Founded 1928. Contact: Christine Beacco, Dean, Student Svcs., (517)796-0800, (517)796-8409, Fax: (517)796-8632, E-mail: christine_beacco@jccmi.edu, Web Site: http://www.jackson.cc.mi.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Term: Semester. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 9,000. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: CAAHEP. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Accounting, Advanced (2 Yr); Automotive Service (1-2 Yr); Aviation Maintenance Technology (2 Yr); Aviation Technology (1 Yr); Business (1-2 Yr); Computer Aided Drafting (1 Yr); Computer Networking (1 Yr); Computer Programming (1-2 Yr); Correctional Science (1 Yr); Drafting Technology (1-2 Yr); Electronics Technology (1 Yr); Emergency Medical Technology (1 Yr); Graphic Design (1-2 Yr); Health Care & Management (1 Yr); Law Enforcement (1 Yr); Machine Shop (1 Yr); Management (1-2 Yr); Manufacturing Technology (2 Yr); Marketing (1-2 Yr); Medical Assistant (1 Yr); Medical Insurance Specialist (1 Yr); Medical Transcription (1 Yr); Microcomputers (1-2 Yr); Numerical Control (1 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (1 Yr); Office Technology (2 Yr); Ultrasonography (1-2 Yr)

W. A. Foote Memorial Hospital, Inc.

205 N. East Ave., Jackson, MI 49201. Allied Medical. Contact: Georgia Fajtafek, CEO, (517)788-4800, Web Site: http://www.footehealth.org. Public. Coed. Curriculum: Medical Technology

KALAMAZOO

Davenport College, Kalamazoo Campus

4123 W. Main St., Kalamazoo, MI 49006. Other, Business. Founded 1866. Contact: Sally Armstrong, Exec.Dir., (269)382-2835, 800-632-8928, Fax: (269)382-3541, E-mail: sally.armstrong@davenport.edu, Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu; Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu/tabid/160/default.aspx. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $4,620 per semester, average full time, on-campus. Enrollment: Total 936. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: ABHES. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (9 Mo); Accounting, Junior (12 Mo); Administrative Assistant (18 Mo); Business (24 Mo); Business Administration (24 Mo); Business Management (24 Mo); Clerk, Typist (9 Mo); Computer Information Science (24 Mo); Computer Programming (24 Mo); Marketing (24 Mo); Marketing & Sales (24 Mo); Medical Assistant (12 Mo); Medical Office Management (12 Mo); Receptionist (9 Mo); Retail Management; Secretarial, Executive (12 Mo); Secretarial, Legal (12 Mo); Secretarial, Medical (12 Mo); Word Processing (12 Mo)

Kalamazoo Center for the Healing Arts

6350 W. KL Ave., Kalamazoo, MI 49009. Other. Founded 1993. Contact: Kim Merkel, School Dir., (269)373-0910, (269)373-1000, Fax: (269)373-0271, E-mail: kchands@kcha.com, Web Site: http://www.kcha.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies with program. Enrollment: Total 140. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Massage Therapy (520 Hr)

Kalamazoo Valley Community College

6767 W. 'O' Ave., PO Box 4070, Kalamazoo, MI 49003. Two-Year College. Founded 1968. Contact: Marilyn J. Schlack, President, (269)488-4400, (269)488-4281, Fax: (269)488-4555, E-mail: admissions@kvcc.edu, Web Site: http://www.kvcc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $55/credit in-state; $94/credit out-of-district MI resident; $128/credit out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 3,959. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate. Accreditation: NATEF; ADA; CAAHEP; CARC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration; Auto Mechanics; Automotive Technology; Broadcasting Technology; Business Administration; Cardio - Pulmonary Technology; Chemical Technology; Computer Information Science; Dental Hygiene; Desktop Publishing; Drafting Technology; Electrical Technology; Electronics Technology; Fire Fighting; Geriatric Care; Health Technology; Industrial Engineering Technology; Law Enforcement; Machine Tool & Die; Manufacturing Technology; Marketing; Medical Assistant; Office Technology; Plastics Technology; Quality Control; Recreation Leadership; Welding Technology

Olympia Career Training Institute

5349 W. Main St., Kalamazoo, MI 49009. Allied Medical, Trade and Technical. Founded 1972. Contact: Gloria Stender, (269)381-9616, Fax: (269)381-2513, E-mail: gstender@cci.edu, Web Site: http://www.olympia-institute.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 500. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: ABHES. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Dental Assisting (8 Mo); Massage Therapy (9 Mo); Medical Administrative Assistant (8 Mo); Medical Assistant (8 Mo); Medical Insurance Specialist (6 Mo); Pharmacy Technician (9 Mo)

West Michigan College of Barbering And Beauty

3026 Lovers Ln., Kalamazoo, MI 49001-3702. Cosmetology, Barber. Contact: Linnea M. Barden, Owner, (269)381-4424. Private. Coed. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $1,200-$6,900 plus books and supplies. Enrollment: Total 97. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NACCAS. Curriculum: Barbering (2000 Hr); Cosmetology (500-1500Hr); Nail Technology (400 Hr)

LANSING

Adams Professional Modeling & Finishing

2722 E. Michigan Ave., Ste. 205, Lansing, MI 48912. Other. Founded 1978. Contact: C.L. Adams, (517)482-4600, Fax: (517)482-1833, E-mail: classadams@yahoo.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students not accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $30 per week. Enrollment: men 41, women 60. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Acting; Modeling & Charm (6 Mo)

Davenport College, Lansing Campus

220 E. Kalamazoo St., Lansing, MI 48933. Trade and Technical. Founded 1866. Contact: Tom Woods, Exec.Dir., (517)484-2600, 800-686-1600, Fax: (517)484-9719, E-mail: tom.woods@davenport.edu, Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu; Web Site: http://www.davenport.edu/portals/0/tabid/160/Default.aspx. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $4,620/semester average full-time. Enrollment: Total 3,353. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (4 Yr); Administrative Assistant (2 Yr); Business Management (1 Yr); Computer Applications (1 Yr); Computer Programming (2 Yr); Marketing & Sales (4 Yr); Medical Assistant (2 Yr); Microcomputers (4 Yr); Physical Therapy Aide (2 Yr)

Holloway's Real Estate Institute, Inc.

5606 South Martin Luther King, Lansing, MI 48911. Trade and Technical. Founded 1959. Contact: Judy M. Bolhuis, President, (517)323-1115, (517)394-3943, 800-292-5945, E-mail: information@hollowaysinstitute.com, Web Site: http://www.hollowaysinstitute.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Week. Tuition: $275-$355, class range. Enrollment: Total 20,000. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Real Estate Appraisal; Real Estate Broker; Real Estate Law; Real Estate Management; Real Estate Sales License

Lansing Community College

419 N. Capitol Ave., PO BOX 40010, Lansing, MI 48901-7210. Two-Year College. Founded 1957. Contact: Judith F. Cardenas, Interim President, (517)483-1957, (517)483-1252, E-mail: welcome@lcc.edu, Web Site: http://www.lansing.cc.mi.us; Web Site: http://www.lcc.edu/about/contact. Public. Coed. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $1,975 in-district; $3,175 in-state; $4,375 out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 19,471. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC; ADA; JRCERT; NLNAC. Financial aid available.

Michigan School of Canine Cosmetology

3022 S. Cedar, Lansing, MI 48910. Other. Founded 1986. Contact: Brenda Foster, Dir., (517)393-6311, Fax: (517)393-5611, E-mail: k9grooming@acd.net, Web Site: http://www.k9grooming.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Other. Tuition: $5,350.00-Pet Grooming Plus, $4,050-Basic Grooming, $2000.00-Bathing & Basics. Enrollment: Total 50. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Pet Grooming (160-600 Hr)

Mount Hope Bible Training Institute

202 S. Creyts Rd., Lansing, MI 48917. Other. Founded 1982. Contact: Kevin Berry, Dir., (517)321-2780, 800-888-7284, Fax: (517)321-6332, E-mail: lkevin@myspyn.com, mhc@mounthopechurch.org, Web Site: http://www.mounthopebibletraining.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $45 per credit. Enrollment: men 38, women 53. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ICAA. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Minister (2 Yr)

Ross Medical Education Center - Lansing

913 W. Holmes, Ste. 260, Lansing, MI 48910. Allied Medical.(517)887-0180, Web Site: http://www.rossmedicaleducation.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Week. Tuition: $8,860 per year; $6,230 room and board. Enrollment: Total 132. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES; ACCSCT. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (30 Wk)

LINCOLN PARK

Scuba Centers of Michigan

3280 Fort St., Lincoln Park, MI 48146. Other. Founded 1969. Contact: Paul Spohr, (313)388-1322, (313)388-3483, 800-968-3483, Fax: (313)388-2493, E-mail: info@scubacenters.com, Web Site: http://www.scubacenters.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies with program. Enrollment: Total 900. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Diving, Scuba

LIVONIA

Institute of Natural Health Sciences

20270 Middlebelt Rd., Ste. 4, Livonia, MI 48152. Allied Medical. Founded 1983. Contact: Kenneth S. Pittaway, Ph.D., (248)473-8522, Fax: (248)473-8141. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Year. Tuition: $4,600. Enrollment: men 3, women 6. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Homeopathic Medicine (600 Hr)

Madonna University

36600 Schoolcraft Rd., Livonia, MI 48150. Other, Allied Medical. Founded 1947. Contact: Frank J. Hribar, V.P. Planning & Enrollment, (734)432-5300, (734)432-5339, 800-852-4951, Fax: (734)432-5393, Web Site: http://www.madonna.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $10,300 annual (30 credits; $340/credit). Enrollment: Total 4,500. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: NCA-HLC; NLNAC; NCATE; ADtA; CSWE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Business Administration; Business, International; Child Care & Guidance; Communications Technology; Computer Information Science; Computer Science; Computer Technology; Criminal Justice; Deaf Education; Dietetic Technology; Early Childhood Education; English As A Second Language; Family Living Specialist; Fashion Careers; Fine Arts; Fire Science; Geriatric Care; Graphic Arts; Graphic Design; Health Care & Management; Hospitality; Journalism; Legal Assistant; Management; Marketing; Mathematics; Medical Laboratory Technology; Medical Technology; Mental Health Technology; Minister; Music; Nursing, Practical; Physical Education; Piano Technology; Radiologic Technology; Retail Management; Sales; Social Work Technology; Television

Schoolcraft College

18600 Haggerty Rd., Livonia, MI 48152. Two-Year College. Founded 1961. Contact: (734)462-4400, (734)462-4426, Fax: (734)462-4553, E-mail: admissions@schoolcraft.edu, Web Site: http://www.schoolcraft.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 9,745. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: CAAHEP; NCAHLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (1 Yr); Biomedical Technology (2 Yr); Child Care & Guidance (2 Yr); Culinary Occupations (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (1 Yr); Law Enforcement (2 Yr); Marketing Management (2 Yr); Medical Laboratory Technology (2 Yr); Medical Record Technology (2 Yr); Metallurgical Technology (1 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr)

MADISON HEIGHTS

Dorsey School (Madison Heights)

30821 Barrington Ave., Madison Heights, MI 48071. Allied Medical, Business. Founded 1934. Contact: Joseph Belliotti, (248)588-9660, 800-332-0110, Fax: (248)583-4153, E-mail: adminmh@dorsey.edu, Web Site: http://www.dorseyschools.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies according to program ($2,350-$14,500). Enrollment: men 60, women 120. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Automated (36 Cr); Administrative Assistant (60 Cr); Computer Applications (36 Cr); Computer Engineering (42 Cr); Computer Repair (6 Cr); Information Sciences Technology (36 Cr); Legal Assistant (60 Cr); Legal Receptionist (36 Cr); Medical Assistant (48 Cr); Medical Insurance Specialist (36 Cr); Medical Transcription (48 Cr); Secretarial, Legal (48 Cr); Secretarial, Medical (48 Cr); Word Processing (24 Cr)

Mr. Bela's School of Cosmetology, Inc.

29475 John R at 12 Mile Rd., Madison Heights, MI 48071. Cosmetology. Founded 1963. Contact: Bela Deutsch, (810)543-4333. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Hour. Tuition: $7,200. Enrollment: men 5, women 60. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (600 Hr); Cosmetology - Refresher (600 Hr); Manicurist (400 Hr)

MARQUETTE

Central Business School

355 Forestville Basin Trail, PO Box 1081, Marquette, MI 49855. Correspondence. Founded 1994. Contact: Michaeleen O'Sullivan, CCS, CCS-P, CMT, CER, (906)226-5270, Fax: (906)226-0169, E-mail: michaeleen@upfirst.com, cbsinfo@upfirst.com, Web Site: http://www.upfirst.com/cbstrain. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $220 to $1,306 per class. Enrollment: Total 40. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Medical Coding Specialist (144 Hr); Medical Record Technology (144 Hr); Medical Technology (144 Hr); Medical Transcription (144 Hr)

Northern Michigan University Allied Health Programs

201 Mildred Magers Hall, Marquette, MI 49855. Allied Medical. Founded 1968. Contact: Lucille Contois, (906)227-2830, Fax: (906)227-1658. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Term: Semester. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 50. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NAACLS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Art, Advertising - Commercial (2 Yr); Aviation Technology (2 Yr); Building Construction Technology (2 Yr); Business, General Office (2 Yr); Child Care & Guidance (2 Yr); Clerk, Typist (1 Yr); Crafts (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Data Processing (2 Yr); Design (2 Yr); Dietetic Technology (2 Yr); Electrical Technology (2 Yr); Graphic Arts (2 Yr); Illustration; Medical Laboratory Assistant (1 Yr); Medical Laboratory Technology (2 Yr); Medical Technology - Phlebotomy (1 Yr); Medical Transcription (1 Yr); Metallurgical Technology (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Secretarial, General (1 Yr); Secretarial, Legal (2 Yr); Secretarial, Medical (2 Yr); Textile Technology (2 Yr)

MIDLAND

Northwood University

4000 Whiting Dr., Midland, MI 48640. Trade and Technical. Founded 1959. Contact: Dan Toland, Admissions Dir., (989)837-4200, (989)837-4451, 800-457-7878, Fax: (989)837-4490, Web Site: http://www.northwood.edu/locations/mi. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $15,183 tuition; $6,696 room and board. Enrollment: men 1,089, women 656. Degrees awarded: Associate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2-4 Yr); Advertising (2-4 Yr); Auto Parts Management (2-4 Yr); Banking & Finance (2-4 Yr); Business, International (2-4 Yr); Business Management (2-4 Yr); Economics & Business Administration (2-4 Yr); Fashion Merchandising (2-4 Yr); Hotel & Restaurant Management (2-4 Yr); Information Systems (2 Yr); Sports Management (2-4 Yr)

MONROE

Michigan College of Beauty

15233 S. Dixie Hwy., Monroe, MI 48161. Cosmetology, Trade and Technical. Contact: Christine A. Dagenais, President, (734)241-8877, 877-456-6623, E-mail: administration@michigancollegebeauty.com, Web Site: http://michigancollegebeauty.com; Web Site: http://www.michigancollegebeauty.com/contact.htm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $7,450. Enrollment: Total 63. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NACCAS. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (600 Hr); Esthetician (400 Hr); Manicurist (600 Hr)

Monroe County Community College

1555 S. Raisinville Rd., Monroe, MI 48161. Two-Year College. Founded 1964. Contact: Randy Daniels, Dir. of Admissions, (734)242-7300, (734)384-4224, 877-937-6222, Fax: (734)242-9711, E-mail: rdaniels@monroeccc.edu, Web Site: http://www.monroeccc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $64 per credit hr/in-county; $108 per credit hr/out-of-county; $119 per credit hr/out-of-state. Enrollment: men 1,752, women 2,441. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC; NLNAC; ACF; CARC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Automotive Technology; Business; Business Management; Child Care & Guidance; Computer Operations; Computer Operator; Computer Programming; Culinary Arts; Data Processing - Business; Drafting & Design Technology; Electricity, Industrial; Electronics, Industrial; Electronics Technology; Food Service & Management; Industrial Management & Supervision; Information Sciences Technology; Manufacturing Technology; Nursing, R.N.; Office Administration; Respiratory Therapy; Retail Management; Secretarial, Administrative; Secretarial, General; Secretarial, Legal; Secretarial, Medical; Welding Technology; Word Processing

MOUNT PLEASANT

M. J. Murphy Beauty College of Mt. Pleasant

201 W. Broadway, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858. Cosmetology. Contact: Brenda Brennan, Pres., (989)772-2339. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $4,440. Enrollment: men 3, women 43. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1600 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (500 Hr); Manicurist (300 Hr)

MUSKEGON

Baker College of Muskegon

1903 Marquette Ave., Muskegon, MI 49442. Other. Founded 1911. Contact: Ms. Kathy Jacobson, (231)777-5200, (231)777-5207, 800-937-0337, Fax: (231)777-5201, E-mail: kathy.jacobson@baker.edu, Web Site: http://www.baker.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $6,120/year. Enrollment: Total 4,433. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: AAMAE; ACICS; CAAHEP; NCOPE; NCA-HLC; ADA; AOTA; JRCERT; NAACLS; COE; ARCEST; CAPTE; IACBE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Administrative Assistant (6 Qt); Allied Health Occupations (12 Qt); Architectural Design Technology (6 Qt); Aviation Technology (12 Qt); Business (6 Qt); Business Administration (6 Qt); Business, General Office (6 Qt); Child Care & Guidance (3 Qt); Clerical, General (3 Qt); Communications, Disorders (6 Qt); Computer Information Science (12 Qt); Computer Networking (6 Qt); Computer Programming (6 Qt); Computer Science (12 Qt); Computer Technology (6 Qt); Correctional Science (6 Qt); Culinary Arts (6 Qt); Drafting & Design Technology (6 Qt); EKG Technician (3 Qt); Electronic Engineering Technology (6 Qt); Emergency Medical Technology (6 Qt); Entrepreneurship (6 Qt); Executive Assistant (6 Qt); Food Service & Management (6 Qt); Graphic Design (6 Qt); Health Technology (6 Qt); Human Services (6 Qt); Industrial Management & Supervision (12 Qt); Interior Design (6 Qt); Management (6-12 Qt); Marketing (6 Qt); Massage Therapy (3 Qt); Medical Assistant (6 Qt); Medical Insurance Specialist (3 Qt); Medical Receptionist (4 Qt); Medical Technology - Phlebotomy (3 Qt); Medical Transcription (6 Qt); Microcomputers (6 Qt); Occupational Therapy Assistant (6 Qt); Paramedic (3 Qt); Personnel Management (6 Qt); Pharmacy Technician (6 Qt); Physical Therapy Aide (6 Qt); Quality Control (6 Qt); Receptionist (4 Qt); Secretarial, Medical (6 Qt); Surgical Technology (6 Qt); Veterinary Technology (6 Qt); Web Development (6 Qt)

Muskegon Community College

221 S. Quarterline Rd., Muskegon, MI 49442. Two-Year College. Founded 1926. Contact: David L. Rule, Ph.D., President, (231)777-0364, (231)773-9131, (866)711-4622, Fax: (231)777-0209, Web Site: http://muskegoncc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Semester. Tuition: $60/credit in-district; $90/credit out-of-district; $115/credit out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 5,000. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Automotive Technology (2 Yr); Banking (1 Yr); Business, General Office (2 Yr); Chemical Technology (2 Yr); Clerical, General (2 Yr); Clerical, Receptionist (1 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Data Processing - Business (2 Yr); Drafting Technology (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Food Distribution & Management (1 Yr); Industrial Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Insurance, Life & Disability (2 Yr); Machine Technology (2 Yr); Marketing Management (2 Yr); Metal Trades Technology (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Real Estate, Basic (2 Yr); Recreation Leadership (2 Yr); Reprographics (2 Yr); Respiratory Therapy (1 Yr); Secretarial, Administrative (2 Yr); Secretarial, General (2 Yr); Secretarial, Industrial (2 Yr); Secretarial, International (2 Yr); Secretarial, Legal (2 Yr); Secretarial, Medical (2 Yr); Secretarial, Technical (2 Yr); Stenography, General (1 Yr); Stenography, Medical (1 Yr); Welding Technology (1 Yr); Word Processing (1 Yr)

Ross Medical Education Center - Roosevelt Park

950 W. Norton Ave., Muskegon, MI 49441. Allied Medical.(231)739-1531, Web Site: http://www.rossmedicaleducation.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Week. Tuition: $8,860 per year; $6,230 room and board. Enrollment: Total 114. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES; ACCSCT. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (30 Wk)

OWOSSO

Baker College of Owosso

1020 S. Washington St., Owosso, MI 48867. Other. Founded 1911. Contact: Carol L. Dowsett, V.P. for Academics, (989)729-3300, (989)729-3350, 800-879-3797, Fax: (989)729-3411, E-mail: carol.dowsett@baker.edu, Web Site: http://www.baker.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $6,300 tuition, $3,600 room and board, $1,050 average additional expenses. Enrollment: Total 2,725. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: AAMAE; JRCERT; NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Administrative Assistant; Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration; Architectural Technology; Auto Painting; Business Administration; Computer Information Science; Computer Networking; Computer Programming; Construction Technology; Drafting & Design Technology; Electronic Engineering Technology; Graphic Design; Human Services; Interior Design; Management; Marketing; Medical Assistant; Medical Laboratory Assistant; Nursing, R.N.; Radiologic Technology; Secretarial, General; Secretarial, Medical; Ultrasonography

PETOSKEY

North Central Michigan College

1515 Howard St., Petoskey, MI 49770. Two-Year College. Founded 1958. Contact: Timothy Dykstra, Ph.D., Dean of Instruction, (616)348-6600, 888-298-6605, Fax: (616)348-6628, E-mail: admissions@ncmich.edu, Web Site: http://www.ncmc.cc.mi.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $66. 25/credit county resident; $106.40/credit MI state resident; $133/credit out-state. Enrollment: Total 645. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Clerical (1 Yr); Accounting, General (2 Yr); Advertising (1 Yr); Architectural Design Technology (2 Yr); Banking & Finance (2 Yr); Bookkeeping (1 Yr); Business Management (2 Yr); Clerk, Typist (1 Yr); Computer Programming, Business (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Drafting, Architectural (1 Yr); Drafting, Electro-Mechanical (1 Yr); Drafting, Machine Design (2 Yr); Drafting Technology (2 Yr); Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Engineering Technology, Computer (2 Yr); Law Enforcement (1 Yr); Marketing (2 Yr); Medical Transcription (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Office Administration (1 Yr); Receptionist (1 Yr); Secretarial, Executive (2 Yr); Secretarial, General (2 Yr); Secretarial, Legal (2 Yr); Secretarial, Medical (2 Yr); Small Business Management (1 Yr); Word Processing (2 Yr)

PORT HURON

Port Huron Hospital School of Radiologic Technology

1221 Pine Grove, Port Huron, MI 48060. Allied Medical. Founded 1962. Contact: Monica Rowling, (810)989-3163, Fax: (810)985-2672. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $2,200. Enrollment: Total 8. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: CAAHEP; JRCERT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Curriculum: Radiologic Technology (2 Yr)

Ross Medical Education Center - Port Huron

3568 Pine Grove, Port Huron, MI 48060. Allied Medical.(810)982-0454, Web Site: http://www.rossmedicaleducation.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Week. Tuition: $8,860 per year; $6,230 room and board. Enrollment: Total 114. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES; ACCSCT. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (30 Wk)

St. Clair County Community College

323 Erie St., PO Box 5015, Port Huron, MI 48060. Two-Year College. Founded 1923. Contact: Carol Nowakowski, (810)989-5500, (810)989-5561, 800-553-2427, Fax: (810)984-4730, E-mail: cnowakowski@sc4.edu, enrollment@sc4.edu, Web Site: http://www.sc4.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $68 in-district; $108 out-of-district; $145 out-of-state, plus $3.50 per contact hour/technology fee. Enrollment: men 1,679, women 2,799. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Agricultural Science (2 Yr); Architectural Technology (2 Yr); Business (2 Yr); Business Management (2 Yr); Child Care & Guidance (2 Yr); Communications Technology (2 Yr); Computer Information Science (2 Yr); Correctional Science (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Design (2 Yr); Drafting Technology (2 Yr); Electricity, Industrial (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Fire Science (2 Yr); Horticulture (2 Yr); Human Services (2 Yr); Legal Assistant (2 Yr); Machine Tool & Die (2 Yr); Manufacturing Technology (2 Yr); Marketing (2 Yr); Medical Assistant (2 Yr); Natural Resources Technology (2 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Office Administration (2 Yr); Plastics Technology (2 Yr); Quality Control (2 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Technological Studies (2 Yr); Welding Technology (2 Yr)

PORTAGE

Wright Beauty Academy

6666 Lovers Ln., Portage, MI 49002. Cosmetology. Founded 1976. Contact: Victor Gieske, Owner, (269)321-8708, (269)321-8709, Fax: (269)321-8712, E-mail: victor@wrightbeautyacademy.com, Web Site: http://wrightbeautyacademy.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $7,000 cosmetology; $2,500 manicuring. Enrollment: Total 60. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: NACCAS. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Beauty (12 Wk); Cosmetology (1 Yr); Manicurist (12 Wk)

REDFORD

Ross Medical Education Center - Redford

9327 Telegraph Rd., Redford, MI 48239. Allied Medical.(313)794-6448, Web Site: http://www.rossmedicaleducation.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Week. Tuition: $8,860 per year; $6,230 room and board. Enrollment: Total 82. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES; ACCSCT. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (30 Wk)

RIVERVIEW

Detroit Business Institute-Downriver

19100 Fort St., Riverview, MI 48192. Trade and Technical. Contact: Leon Gust, President, (734)479-0660, Web Site: http://www.dbidownriver.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $7,500 in-state. Enrollment: Total 30. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: ACICS. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Administrative Assistant; Legal Assistant; Medical Assistant; Office Assistant

ROCHESTER HILLS

Michigan Montessori Teacher Education Center

1263 S. Adams Rd., Rochester Hills, MI 48309. Other. Founded 1969. Contact: Brenda Anderson, (248)375-2800, Fax: (248)375-3002. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $3,800-$4,850. Enrollment: Total 50. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Montessori Teacher; Teacher Assistant

ROSCOMMON

Kirtland Community College

10775 N. St. Helen Rd., Roscommon, MI 48653. Two-Year College. Founded 1966. Contact: Susie Allen, Admissions Coordinator, (989)275-5000, Fax: (989)275-6727, E-mail: stuservice@kirtland.edu, allens@kirtland.edu, Web Site: http://www.kirtland.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $2,366 in-district; $4,628 out-of-state. Enrollment: men 719, women 1,107. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Administrative Assistant (2 Yr); Art (2 Yr); Auto Mechanics (1 Yr); Automotive Specialist (1 Yr); Automotive Technology (2 Yr); Business Administration (2 Yr); Business, General Office (1 Yr); Business Management (2 Yr); Carpentry (1-2 Yr); Computer Aided Design (2 Yr); Computer Aided Drafting (1 Yr); Computer Information Science (1-2 Yr); Contracting (1-2 Yr); Correction Administration (2 Yr); Correctional Science (2 Yr); Cosmetology (1 Yr); Cosmetology Instructor (4 Mo); Creative Writing (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (1-2 Yr); Entrepreneurship (1 Yr); Graphic Design (1-2 Yr); Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (1-2 Yr); Horticulture (2 Yr); Industrial Maintenance (1-2 Yr); Landscaping (2 Yr); Legal Administration (2 Yr); Machine Tool & Die (1-2 Yr); Manufacturing Technology (2 Yr); Massage Therapy (1-2 Yr); Medical Assistant (1-2 Yr); Medical Information Specialist (1 Yr); Medical Receptionist (1-2 Yr); Medical Transcription (1-2 Yr); Nail Technology (1 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Office Administration (1 Yr); Paramedic (2 Yr); Plant Science (2 Yr); Refrigeration Technology (1-2 Yr); Science (2 Yr); Skin Care (1 Yr); Theatre Arts (2 Yr); Welding Technology (2 Yr); Word Processing (2 Yr)

ROSEVILLE

Dorsey School (Roseville)

31542 Gratiot Ave., Roseville, MI 48066. Allied Medical, Business. Founded 1934. Contact: Kim Peck, (586)296-3225, 800-332-0110, Fax: (586)296-6840, E-mail: adminrv@dorsey.edu, Web Site: http://www.dorseyschools.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies according to program ($2,550-$16,075). Enrollment: men 45, women 140. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Automated (36 Cr); Administrative Assistant (60 Cr); Computer Applications (36 Cr); Information Sciences Technology (36 Cr); Legal Assistant (60 Cr); Legal Receptionist (36 Cr); Medical Insurance Specialist (36 Cr); Medical Transcription (48 Cr); Photography, Retouching (48 Cr); Secretarial, Legal (48 Cr); Secretarial, Medical (48 Cr); Word Processing (24 Cr)

ROYAL OAK

David Pressley School of Cosmetology

1127 S. Washington St., Royal Oak, MI 48067. Cosmetology. Founded 1959. Contact: Sally Pressley, (248)548-5090, Fax: (248)548-4379, E-mail: pressleyschool@cs.com, Web Site: http://www.davidpressleyschool.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $8,500 Cosmetology; $3,500 Skin Care; $2,580 Instructor; $2,185 Manicure. Enrollment: Total 131. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (600 Hr); Manicurist (400 Hr); Skin Care (400 Hr)

Infinity Institute International, Inc. - School of Hypnosis

4110 Edgeland, Ste. 800, Royal Oak, MI 48073-2285. Trade and Technical. Founded 1980. Contact: Anne H. Spencer, Ph.D., Dir., (248)549-5594, Fax: (248)549-5421, E-mail: staff@infinityinst.com, Web Site: http://www.infinityinst.com; Web Site: http://www.infinityinst.com/contact.htm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Tuition: $2,081 per term. Enrollment: men 5, women 4. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Financial aid available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Hypnotism (120 Hr)

William Beaumont Hospital - Schools of Allied Health

3601 W. 13th Mile Rd., Royal Oak, MI 48073. Allied Medical. Contact: Ann F. Sosnowski, Manager, (248)551-8047, (248)551-8030, Fax: (248)551-3694, E-mail: asosnowski@beaumont.edu, Web Site: http://www.beaumont.edu/alliedhealth. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies with program. Enrollment: Total 98. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Histologic Technology (1 Yr); Medical Technology (40 Wk); Nuclear Medical Technology (14 Mo); Radiation Therapy Technology (2 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Surgical Technology (15 Mo)

SAGINAW

Great Lakes Junior College of Business

310 S. Washington Ave., Saginaw, MI 48607. Business. Contact: Ron Kinsman, (517)755-3444. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Semester. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Placement service available. Curriculum: Accounting, Advanced (6 Qt); Accounting, Automated (6 Qt); Accounting, Junior (4 Qt); Business Administration (6 Qt); Clerk, Typist (3 Qt); Computer Operator (4 Qt); Computer Programming (6 Qt); Court Reporting (6 Qt); Data Processing - Business (6 Qt); Medical Transcription (4 Qt); Receptionist (3 Qt); Secretarial, Administrative (6 Qt); Secretarial, Executive (6 Qt); Secretarial, General; Secretarial, Legal (6 Qt); Secretarial, Medical (6 Qt); Stenography, Advanced (4 Qt); Word Processing (6 Qt)

Ross Medical Education Center - Saginaw

4054 Bay Rd., Saginaw, MI 48603. Allied Medical.(989)793-9800, Web Site: http://www.rossmedicaleducation.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Week. Tuition: $8,860 per year; $6,230 room and board. Enrollment: Total 132. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES; ACCSCT. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (30 Wk)

ST. CLAIR SHORES

Michigan School of Holistic Health

28744 Harper Ave., St. Clair Shores, MI 48081. Trade and Technical. Founded 1990. Contact: Dr. Keith D. Russell, Pres., (586)477-0130, (586)778-9880, E-mail: krussell77@comcast.net, Web Site: http://hypnosisschool.com; Rosemary Bellissimo-Russell. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Enrollment: men 50, women 50. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Hypnotism (120 Hr)

Virginia Farrell Beauty School (St. Clair Shores)

23620 Harper Ave., St. Clair Shores, MI 48080. Cosmetology. Founded 1924.(586)775-6640, Fax: (586)775-6642, E-mail: info@virginiafarrell.com, Web Site: http://virginiafarrell.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $7,600 cosmetologist; $3,300 manicurist; $3,100 cosmetology instructor (prices do not include books and supplies). Enrollment: men 1, women 109. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (600 Hr); Manicurist (600 Hr)

ST. JOSEPH

Twin City Beauty College

2600 Lincoln Ave., St. Joseph, MI 49085. Cosmetology. Founded 1959. Contact: Rosemary Raines, Admissions Counselor, (269)428-2900, Fax: (269)428-0353, E-mail: tcbeautycollege@sbcglobal.net, Web Site: http://www.tcbeautycollege.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $10,000-$11,000. Enrollment: men 2, women 110. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (500 Hr); Esthetician (400 Hr); Manicurist (400 Hr)

SCOTTVILLE

West Shore Community College

3000 N. Stiles Rd., Box 277, Scottville, MI 49454. Two-Year College. Founded 1967. Contact: Cheryl Hogan, (231)845-6211, 800-848-9722, Fax: (231)845-5083, E-mail: clhogan@westshore.edu, Web Site: http://www.westshore.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: In-District-$65/contact hour; Non-Disctrict -$106/contact hour; Non-Michigan-$141/contact hour. Enrollment: Total 1,320. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Computer Aided Design (2 Yr); Computer Aided Drafting (2 Yr); Computer Aided Manufacturing (1 Yr); Correctional Science (1 Yr); Data Processing - Business (1 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Information Systems (1-2 Yr); Law Enforcement (2 Yr); Machine Technology (1-2 Yr); Marketing Management (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Police Science (2 Yr); Secretarial, General (1-2 Yr); Welding Technology (2 Yr)

SIDNEY

Montcalm Community College

2800 College Dr., Sidney, MI 48885-9723. Two-Year College. Founded 1965. Contact: Dr. Don Burns, President, (989)328-2111, 877-328-2111, Fax: (989)328-2950, E-mail: donb@montcalm.edu, debraj@montcalm.edu, Web Site: http://www.montcalm.edu; Debra Alexander, Dir. of Admissions, E-mail: debraj@montcalm.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $64 in district, $98 out of district; $127 out-of-state. Enrollment: men 595, women 962. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Art (2 Yr); Automotive Technology (2 Yr); Business Administration (2 Yr); Clerk, Typist (1 Yr); Correctional Science (2 Yr); Cosmetology - Administration, Management & Supervision (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Data Processing (2 Yr); Data Processing - Business (2 Yr); Drafting Technology (2 Yr); Early Childhood Education (1 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Emergency Medical Technology (1 Yr); Food Service & Management (2 Yr); Industrial Technology (2 Yr); Machinist, General (1 Yr); Nursing, Anesthesia (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Paralegal (2 Yr); Paramedic (1 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Secretarial, Executive (2 Yr); Secretarial, Legal (2 Yr); Secretarial, Medical (2 Yr); Small Business Management (2 Yr); Welding Technology (1 Yr)

SOUTHFIELD

Detroit Business Institute-Southfield

23077 Greenfield Rd., Ste. LL28, Southfield, MI 48075. Trade and Technical. Contact: Leon D. Gust, President, (248)552-6300, Fax: (248)552-7300, E-mail: info@dbisouthfield.com, Web Site: http://www.dbisouthfield.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $7,250. Enrollment: Total 129. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ACICS. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (770 Hr); Medical Billing; Office Technology

Irene's Mymossology Institute

26061 Franklin Rd., Southfield, MI 48034. Trade and Technical, Other. Founded 1993. Contact: Diane Kruszewski, (248)350-1400, Fax: (248)350-8068, E-mail: imipr1@ameritech.net, Web Site: http://schools.naturalhealers.com/imi; Web Site: http://www.naturalhealers.com/request.shtml?selected=96. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $6,164. Enrollment: Total 250. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACCET. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Massage Therapy (48 Wk)

Key Institute

24445 Northwestern Hwy. Ste. 220, Southfield, MI 48075. Contact: Ronald H. Dooley, President, (248)352-1600. Tuition: in-state; out-of-state.

Lawton School

20755 Greenfield, Ste. 300, Southfield, MI 48075. Other. Founded 1988. Contact: Oliver Hunter, Admissions Dir., (248)569-7787, Fax: (248)569-6674. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $6,500 - $7,000; $400 - $750 books and supplies. Enrollment: Total 207. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Information Science (600 Hr); Medical Assistant (760 Hr); Paralegal (760 Hr)

National Institute of Technology

26111 Evergreen Rd., Ste. 201, Southfield, MI 48076-4491. Trade and Technical. Founded 1935. Contact: Andrew G. Vignone, (248)799-9933, 888-741-4271, Fax: (248)799-2912, E-mail: avignone@cci.edu, Web Site: http://nitschools.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 794. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: CAAHEP; ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Networking (12 Mo); Electronics Technology (18 Mo); Medical Assistant (9 Mo); Medical Office Management (9 Mo)

Northwestern Technological Institute

24567 Northwestern Hwy., Ste. 200, Southfield, MI 48075. Trade and Technical. Contact: Lorne P. Gauthier, School Dir., (248)358-4006, Fax: (248)358-3621, Web Site: http://www.northwesterntech.org. Private. Coed. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $7,950. Enrollment: Total 558. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning (90 Hrs); Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (90 Hrs); Climate Control (720 Hrs)

Providence Hospital

16001 W. Nine Mile Rd., Southfield, MI 48075. Allied Medical. Founded 1969. Contact: Mary A. Holzman, Program Dir., (248)424-3293, Fax: (248)849-5395, Web Site: http://www.realmedicine.org/Providence. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Term: Year. Tuition: $550; $550 for textbooks (est.). Enrollment: Total 7. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: JRCERT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Curriculum: Radiologic Technology (24 Mo)

Specs Howard School of Broadcast Arts, Inc.

19900 W. 9 Mile Rd., Southfield, MI 48075. Trade and Technical. Founded 1970. Contact: Christina Bradley-Storr, Office Mgr., (248)358-9000, Fax: (248)746-9772, E-mail: cbradleystorr@specshoward.edu, info@specshoward.edu, Web Site: http://www.specshoward.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $9,995-$12,995. Enrollment: Total 550. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Broadcasting, Nontechnical (32 Wk)

SOUTHGATE

Dorsey Business School (Southgate)

15755 Northline Rd., Southgate, MI 48195. Business, Allied Medical. Founded 1934. Contact: Golda Szydlowski, (734)285-5400, 800-332-0110, Fax: (734)285-8877, E-mail: adminsg@dorsey.edu, southgate@dorseyschools.com, Web Site: http://www.dorseyschools.com; Web Site: http://www.dorseyschools.com/contact.htm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies according to program ($2,550-$16,075). Enrollment: men 50, women 220. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Automated (36 Cr); Administrative Assistant (60 Cr); Computer Applications (36 Cr); Information Sciences Technology (36 Cr); Legal Assistant (60 Cr); Legal Receptionist (36 Cr); Medical Assistant (48 Cr); Medical Insurance Specialist (36 Cr); Medical Transcription (48 Cr); Secretarial, Legal (48 Cr); Secretarial, Medical (48 Cr); Word Processing (24 Cr)

STERLING HEIGHTS

Bethesda Christian Bible Institute

14000 Metropolitan Pkwy., Sterling Heights, MI 48312. Other. Founded 1988. Contact: Dr. Ruth Whittaker, Dir., (586)264-2300, Fax: (586)264-2751, E-mail: bcbi@bethesdachristian.org, Web Site: http://www.bethesdachristian.org. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $70 per credit hour; $50 application fee. Enrollment: Total 80. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ABHE. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Bible Study; Christian Service; Missions

TRAVERSE CITY

Northwestern Michigan College

1701 E. Front St., Traverse City, MI 49686-3061. Two-Year College. Founded 1951. Contact: Jim Bensley, Coord., Admissions, (231)995-1135, (231)995-1054, 800-748-0566, Fax: (231)995-1339, E-mail: jbensley@message.nmc.edu, information@nmc.edu, Web Site: http://www.nmc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $66.80 per contact hr in-district; $119.92 per contact hr in-state; $149.63 per contact hr. out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 4,400. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: FAA; NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Agriculture - Production, Fruit; Automotive Technology; Aviation Technology; Business Administration; Clerical, General; Commercial Art; Computer Information Science; Culinary Arts; Data Entry; Data Processing; Dental Assisting; Drafting & Design Technology; Electronics Technology; Information Sciences Technology; Landscaping; Law Enforcement; Legal Assistant; Machine Tool & Die; Maintenance, Electronics; Management; Maritime; Marketing; Marketing Management; Nursing, Practical; Nursing, R.N.; Power Plant Mechanics; Restaurant Operations; Visual Communications; Welding Technology

TROY

Carnegie Institute

550 Stephenson Hwy., Ste. 100, Troy, MI 48083. Allied Medical. Founded 1947. Contact: Bonnie Normile, RN, (248)589-1078, Fax: (248)589-1631, E-mail: info@carnegie-institute.com, Web Site: http://www.carnegie-institute.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 260. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: AAMAE; CAAHEP; ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cardiovascular Technology (24 Mo); Massage Therapy (12 Mo); Medical Administrative Assistant (12 Mo); Medical Assistant (12 Mo); Medical Insurance Specialist (09 Mo); Medical Technology - Cardiology (06 Mo); Medical Transcription (12 Mo)

Center for Professional Studies

130 Town Ctr., Dr., No. 203, Troy, MI 48084-1744. Trade and Technical. Founded 1993. Contact: Dennis Cavitt, (248)844-9090, Fax: (248)844-9099, E-mail: info@profstudies.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 1,500. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Aided Design; Computer Aided Drafting; Computer Graphics

ITT Technical Institute (Troy)

1522 East Big Beaver Rd., Troy, MI 48083-1905. Trade and Technical. (248)524-1800, 800-832-6817, Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu; Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/contact/form.cfm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $14,196 per year. Enrollment: Total 781. Degrees awarded: Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business Administration (96 Credits); Computer Aided Drafting & Design (96 Credits); Computer Networking (96 Credits); Criminal Justice (96 Credits); Electrical Engineering Technology (96 Credits); Multimedia Design (96 Credits); Software Development/Engineering (96 Credits); Web Development (96 Credits)

Michigan College of Beauty Pivot Point Career Center

3498 Rochester Rd., Troy, MI 48083. Cosmetology. Contact: Kristine C. Hampton, (248)528-0303, Fax: (248)528-2432. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: NACCAS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (600 Hr); Manicurist (400 Hr)

UNIVERSITY CENTER

Delta College

1961 Delta Rd., University Center, MI 48710. Two-Year College. Founded 1961. Contact: Mr. Duff Zube, Dir. of Admissions, (989)686-9000, Fax: (989)667-2202, E-mail: dlzube@delta.edu, info@alpha.delta.edu, Web Site: http://www.delta.edu; Gary Brasseur, Admissions Advisor, E-mail: gvbrasse@delta.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $73/credit hr.; $104/credit out-of-district; $149/credit out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 3,915. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: JRCRTE; ABET; ADA; APTA; CAAHEP; NLNAC; NCA-HLC; JRCERT; ARCEST; CAPTE; CARC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Automated; Accounting, General; Allied Health Occupations; Apparel Arts; Architectural Technology; Art; Automotive Service (2 Yr); Aviation Technology; Banking & Finance; Broadcasting, Nontechnical; Broadcasting Technology; Business; Child Care & Guidance (2 Yr); Clerical, General (1 Yr); Computer Aided Design; Computer Aided Drafting; Computer Aided Manufacturing; Computer Programming; Construction Technology (1 Yr); Cooperative Education; Criminal Justice; Dental Assisting (2 Yr); Dental Hygiene; Drafting, Composite; Drug & Alcohol Counseling; Electronic Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Emergency Medical Technology (2 Yr); Fire Science; Geriatric Care; Handicapped, Special Education; Industrial Management & Supervision (2 Yr); Interior Decoration; Law Enforcement; Machine Operator, General (2 Yr); Machine Technology (1 Yr); Management; Manufacturing Technology; Marketing; Mechanical Drafting (2 Yr); Mechanical Engineering; Mechanical Technology; Microcomputers; Numerical Control; Nursing, Practical; Nursing, R.N.; Office, General; Office Management; Office Technology; Photography; Physical Education; Physical Therapy Aide; Radio & Television; Radiologic Technology; Respiratory Therapy; Retail Management; Robotics; Saving & Loan Management; Secretarial, Data Processing; Secretarial, General; Secretarial, Legal; Secretarial, Medical; Small Business Management; Stenography, General (1 Yr); Surgical Technology (2 Yr); Technician, Electronic Service; Welding, Combination (2 Yr); Welding, Electric Arc (1 Yr); Welding, Heli Arc (1 Yr); Welding, Pipe (1 Yr); Welding Technology (2 Yr); Word Processing (1 Yr); X-Ray Technology

WARREN

American School of Dog Grooming

8702 E. Nine MIle Rd., Warren, MI 48089. Trade and Technical. Founded 1962.(586)759-5212. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $1,095. Enrollment: Total 6. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Pet Grooming (200 Hr)

High-Tech Learning

7531 E. Eight Mile Rd., Warren, MI 48091. Trade and Technical, Allied Medical. Founded 1982. Contact: Harold Weiner, Ph.D., (586)758-6060, (866)502-2627, Fax: (586)758-5545, Web Site: http://www.hightechinstitute.edu; Web Site: http://www.hightechinstitute.edu/request.php. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 150. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Casino Operations (6 Wk); Computer Operations (30 Wk); Computer Repair (30 Wk); Dental Technology (30 Wk); Word Processing (30 Wk)

Macomb Community College

14500 E. Twelve Mile Rd., Warren, MI 48093-3896. Two-Year College. Founded 1954. Contact: Albert L. Lorenzo, President, (586)445-7999, (586)445-7225, (866)622-6621, Fax: (586)445-7540, E-mail: answer@macomb.edu, Web Site: http://www.macomb.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $1,702 in-state; $2,874 out-of-state. Enrollment: men 13,329, women 14,674. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: AOA; CAAHEP; FAA; NLNAC; NCA-HLC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (1 Yr); Administrative Assistant (1 Yr); Air Conditioning (2 Yr); Architectural Design Technology (2 Yr); Auto Air Conditioning (2 Yr); Auto Engine Diagnosis (2 Yr); Auto Mechanics (2 Yr); Auto Mechanics - Brake & Wheel Alignment (2 Yr); Automotive Electronics; Automotive Technology (1 Yr); Building Construction Technology (2 Yr); Business Management (1 Yr); Child Development; Civil Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Climate Control (2 Yr); Communications, Commercial; Computer Aided Design (2 Yr); Computer Programming (2 Yr); Construction Technology (2 Yr); Cosmetology - Administration, Management & Supervision (1 Yr); Culinary Arts; Design; Drafting & Design Technology (2 Yr); Early Childhood Specialist (2 Yr); Electronic Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Electronics, Digital (2 Yr); Electronics Technology; Emergency Medical Technology (2 Yr); Engineering Technology; Engineering Technology, Electronic (2 Yr); Fire Fighting; Forensic Science; Heating Technology (2 Yr); Hydraulic Technology (2 Yr); Industrial Management & Supervision (1 Yr); Law Enforcement (2 Yr); Legal Assistant (2 Yr); Machinist, General; Manufacturing Technology (1 Yr); Marketing (2 Yr); Mechanical Drafting (2 Yr); Medical Assistant (2 Yr); Network Support; Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Occupational Therapy Assistant (2 Yr); Optometric Assistant (2 Yr); Paramedic (1 Yr); Photography (1 Yr); Physical Therapy Aide (1 Yr); Pipefitting (2 Yr); Plastics Technology (1 Yr); Plumbing (2 Yr); Printing (1 Yr); Printing Technology (1 Yr); Quality Control (1 Yr); Refrigeration Technology (2 Yr); Respiratory Therapy (1 Yr); Robotics (1 Yr); Secretarial, Legal (2 Yr); Secretarial, Medical (1 Yr); Security Training (1 Yr); Structural Steel Fabrication (2 Yr); Surgical Technology (2 Yr); Surveying; Technical Illustration (2 Yr); Theatre Arts (2 Yr); Tool Engineering Technology (1 Yr); Typesetting (2 Yr); Veterinary Technology (1 Yr); Water & Waste Water Pollution Technology (2 Yr); Web Development; Welding, Heli Arc (2 Yr); Welding Technology (1 Yr); Wood Crafts (2 Yr); Wood Industries Technology (2 Yr)

Ross Medical Education Center - Warren

27120 Dequindre, Warren, MI 48092. Allied Medical.(586)574-0830, Web Site: http://www.rossmedicaleducation.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Week. Tuition: $8,860 per year; $6,230 room and board. Enrollment: Total 80. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES; ACCSCT. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (30 Wk)

Travel Education Institute

30100 Van Dyke, Ste. 200, Warren, MI 48093. Trade and Technical. Founded 1979. Contact: Jay Klein, (810)751-5634, Fax: (810)751-2721. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $2,395-$2,995. Enrollment: Total 220. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Travel & Tourism (304 Hr)

WAYNE

Dorsey Business School (Wayne)

34841 Veteran's Plz., Wayne, MI 48184. Business, Allied Medical. Founded 1934. Contact: Barbara Cortis, (734)595-1540, 800-332-0110, Fax: (734)595-6010, E-mail: adminwy@dorsey.edu, Web Site: http://www.dorseyschools.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies with program ($2,550 - $16,075). Enrollment: men 40, women 120. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting Technology (3 Qt); Administrative Assistant (4-5 Qt); Computer Applications (3 Qt); Information Sciences Technology (3 Qt); Legal Assistant (5 Qt); Legal Technology (3 Qt); Medical Assistant (3-4 Qt); Medical Insurance Specialist (3-4 Qt); Medical Transcription (4 Qt); Secretarial, Legal (4 Qt); Secretarial, Medical (4 Qt); Word Processing (2 Qt)

YPSILANTI

Eastern Michigan University

202 Welch Hall, Ypsilanti, MI 48197. Other. Founded 1942. Contact: Dr. John Fallon III, President, (734)487-1849, (734)487-3060, Web Site: http://www.emich.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 23,862. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: CAAHEP; NCAHLC; ADtA; AOTA; ASHA; CCNE; NASM; NCATE; NLNAC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Occupational Therapy (24 Mo)

Faithway Baptist College

2020 Packard Rd., Ypsilanti, MI 48197. Other. Founded 1969. Contact: Dr. Orlando Buria, Dean, (734)482-8282, Fax: (734)483-9548, E-mail: faithway@provide.net, Web Site: http://www.college.faithway.org/college.shtml. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: men 23, women 17. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate, Diploma. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Bible Study (1 Yr); Missions (1 Yr); Secretarial, General (2 Yr)

High/Scope Educational Research Foundation

600 N. River St., Ypsilanti, MI 48198. Other. Founded 1970. Contact: Clay Shouse, V.P., (734)485-2000, Fax: (734)485-0704, E-mail: info@highscope.org, training@highscope.org, Web Site: http://www.highscope.org. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ACCET. Financial aid not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Child Care & Guidance; Early Childhood Education; Handicapped, Special Education

College Blue Book

Michigan

views updated Jun 08 2018

Michigan

5 Environmental Protection

22 Domesticated Animals

34 Libraries and Museums

35 Communications

36 Press

37 Tourism, Travel & Recreation

38 Sports

39 Famous Michiganians

40 Bibliography

State of Michigan

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: Possibly derived from the Fox Indian word mesikami, meaning “large lake.”

NICKNAME : The Wolverine State.

CAPITAL: Lansing.

ENTERED UNION: 26 January 1837 (26th).

OFFICIAL SEAL: The coat of arms surrounded by the words “The Great Seal of the State of Michigan” and the date “A.D. MDCCCXXXV.” (1835, the year the state constitution was adopted).

FLAG: The coat of arms centered on a dark blue field, fringed on three sides.

COAT OF ARMS: In the center, a shield depicts a peninsula on which a man stands, at sunrise, holding a rifle. At the top of the shield is the word “Tuebor” (I will defend), beneath it the state motto. Supporting the shield are an elk on the left and a moose on the right. Over the whole, on a crest, is an American eagle beneath the US motto, E pluribus unum.

MOTTO: Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice (If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you).

SONG: “Michigan, My Michigan” (unofficial).

FLOWER: Apple blossom.

TREE: White pine.

BIRD: Robin.

FISH: Trout.

REPTILE: Painted turtle.

GEM: Chlorastrolite (Isle Royale Greenstone).

ROCK OR STONE: Petoskey stone.

LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year’s Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Presidents’ Day, 3rd Monday in February; Memorial Day, last Monday in May; Independence Day, 4 July; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Election Day, 1st Tuesday after the first Monday in November in even-numbered years; Veterans’ Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November plus one day; Christmas Day, 25 December.

TIME: 7 AM EST = noon GMT; 6 AM CST = noon GMT.

1 Location and Size

Located in the eastern north-central United States, Michigan is the third-largest state east of the Mississippi River and ranks 23rd in size among the 50 states. The total area of Michigan (excluding Great Lakes waters) is 58,527 square miles (151,585 square kilometers), of which land takes up 56,954 square miles (147,511 square kilometers) and inland water 1,573 square miles (4,074 square kilometers). The state consists of the Upper Peninsula adjoining three of the Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, and Michigan) and the Lower Peninsula, projecting northward between Lakes Michigan, Erie, and Huron. Michigan has islands in Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan, and also in the St. Mary’s and Detroit Rivers. The state’s total boundary length is 1,673 miles (2,692 kilometers). The total freshwater shoreline is 3,121 miles (5,023 kilometers).

2 Topography

Michigan’s two peninsulas are generally level land masses, including flat lowlands in the eastern portion of both peninsulas, higher land in the western part of the Lower Peninsula, and hilly uplands in the Upper Peninsula. The state’s highest point, at 1,979 feet (603 meters), is Mt. Arvon, in Baraga County. The state’s lowest point, 572 feet (174 meters), is found in southeastern Michigan along Lake Erie.

Michigan’s political boundaries extend into four of the five Great Lakes (all but Lake Ontario), giving the state jurisdiction over portions of these lakes. In addition, Michigan has about 35,000 inland lakes and ponds, the largest of which is Houghton Lake, on the Lower Peninsula, with an area of 31 square miles (80 square kilometers).

The state’s leading river is the Grand, about 260 miles (420 kilometers) long, flowing through the Lower Peninsula into Lake Michigan. Other major rivers of the Lower Peninsula include the Kalamazoo, Muskegon, Saginaw, and Huron. Most major rivers in the Upper Peninsula (including the longest, the Menominee) flow southward into Lake Michigan. Tahquamenon Falls, in the

Michigan Population Profile

Total population estimate in 2006:	10,095,643
Population change, 2000–06:	1.6%
Hispanic or Latino†:	3.8%
Population by race
One race:	98.4%
White:	80.0%
Black or African American:	14.0%
American Indian /Alaska Native:	0.6%
Asian:	2.3%
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander:	0.0%
Some other race:	1.5%
Two or more races:	1.6%

Population by Age Group

Major Cities by Population
City	Population	% change 2000–05
Notes: †A person of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race. NA indicates that data are not available.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey and Population Estimates. www.census.gov/ (accessed March 2007).
Detroit	886,671	-6.8
Grand Rapids	193,790	-2.0
Warren	135,311	-2.1
Sterling Heights	128,034	2.9
Flint	118,551	-5.1
Lansing	115,518	-3.0
Ann Arbor	113,271	-0.7
Livonia	97,977	-2.6
Dearborn	94,090	-3.8
Westland	85,623	-1.1

eastern part of the Upper Peninsula, is the largest of the state’s more than 150 waterfalls.

Most of the many islands belonging to Michigan are located in northern Lake Michigan and in Lake Huron. In northern Lake Michigan, Beaver Island is the largest, while Drummond Island, offthe eastern tip of the Upper Peninsula, is the largest island in the northern Lake Huron area.

3 Climate

Michigan has a temperate climate with well-defined seasons. The warmest temperatures and longest frost-free period are found most generally in the southern part of the Lower Peninsula. Detroit’s temperatures range from 23°f (-5°c) in January to 72°f (22°c) in July. Colder temperatures prevail in the more northerly regions. Sault Ste. Marie has temperature ranges from 13°f (-11°c) in January to 64°f (18°c) in July. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the state was -51°f (-46°c), registered at Vanderbilt on 9 February 1934. The all-time high of 112°f (44°c) was recorded at Mio on 13 July 1936. Both sites are located in the interior of the Lower Peninsula, away from the moderating influence of the Great Lakes.

Detroit has an average annual precipitation of 32.9 inches (83.6 centimeters). Rainfall tends to decrease as one moves northward. The greatest snowfall is found in the extreme northern

Michigan Population by Race

Census 2000 was the first national census in which the instructions to respondents said, “Mark one or more races.” This table shows the number of people who are of one, two, or three or more races. For those claiming two races, the number of people belonging to the various categories is listed. The U.S. government conducts a census of the population every ten years.

	Number	Percent
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Census 2000: Redistricting Data. Press release issued by the Redistricting Data Office. Washington, D.C., March, 2001. A dash (—) indicates that the percent is less than 0.1.
Total population	9,938,444	100.0
One race	9,746,028	98.1
Two races	180,824	1.8
White and Black or African American	35,461	0.4
White and American Indian/Alaska Native	47,122	0.5
White and Asian	20,599	0.2
White and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	1,497	—
White and some other race	51,880	0.5
Black or African American and American Indian/Alaska Native	8,436	0.1
Black or African American and Asian	2,360	—
Black or African American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	453	—
Black or African American and some other race	6,138	0.1
American Indian/Alaska Native and Asian	954	—
American Indian/Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	83	—
American Indian/Alaska Native and some other race	1,062	—
Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	936	—
Asian and some other race	3,625	—
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and some other race	218	—
Three or more races	11,592	0.1

areas where cloud cover created by cold air blowing over the warmer Lake Superior waters causes frequent heavy snow along the northern coast. Lake Michigan’s water temperatures create a snow belt along the west coast of the Lower Peninsula.

Cloudy days are more common in Michigan than in most states, in part because of the condensation of water vapor from the Great Lakes. The southern half of the Lower Peninsula is an area of heavy thunderstorm activity. Tornados occur from late spring through early summer.

4 Plants and Animals

Maple, birch, hemlock, aspen, spruce, and fir trees predominate in the Upper Peninsula. Maple, birch, aspen, pine, and beech are common in the lower. Elms have largely disappeared because of disease. The white pine (the state tree) and red pine have been replaced in cutover lands by aspen and birch.

Strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, and cranberries are among the fruit-bearing plants and shrubs that grow wild in many areas of the state, as do mushrooms and wild asparagus. The state flower is the apple blossom. Wild flowers also abound, with as many as 400 varieties found in a single county. As of April 2006, eight Michigan plant species were listed as threatened or endangered, including the American hart’s-tongue fern, dwarf lake iris, Michigan Monkey-flower, and Eastern prairie fringed orchid.

Despite intensive hunting, the deer population remains high. Other game animals include the common cottontail, snowshoe hare, and raccoon. In addition to the raccoon, important native furbearers are the river otter and the beaver. Moose are now confined to Isle Royale, as are nearly all the remaining wolves, which once roamed throughout the state. More than 300 types of birds have been observed. The robin is the state bird. Ruffed grouse, bob-white quail, and various ducks and geese are hunted extensively. The most notable bird is Kirtland’s warbler, which nests only in a 60-square mile (155 square kilometer) section of jack-pine forest in north-central Michigan.

Reptiles include the massasauga, the state’s only poisonous snake. Whitefish, perch, and lake trout (the state fish) are native to the Great Lakes, while perch, bass, and pike are found in inland waters. Rainbow and brown trout have been introduced, and in the late 1960s, the state successfully introduced several species of salmon.

In 2006, the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed 13 Michigan animals as threatened or endangered. These included the Indiana bat, two species of beetle, two species of butterfly, the gray wolf, bald eagle, piping plover, and Kirkland’s warbler.

5 Environmental Protection

The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is responsible for the administration of hundreds of programs affecting every aspect of the environment. The mission of the department is to conserve and develop the state’s natural resources and to protect and enhance the state’s environmental quality in order to provide clean air, clean water, productive land, and healthy life. Additionally, the department seeks to provide quality recreational opportunities to the people of Michigan through the effective management of state recreational lands and parks, boating facilities, and population of fish and wildlife.

In 2003, Michigan had 343 hazardous waste sites listed in the Environmental Protection Agency’s database, 66 of which were on the National Priorities List, as of 2006.

6 Population

In 2005, Michigan ranked eighth in population in the Untied States with an estimated total of 10,095,643 residents. The population is projected to reach 10.71 million by 2025. The population density in 2004 was 178.5 persons per square mile (68.9 persons per square kilometer). Also in 2004, the median age was 36.6. In 2005, 12% of all residents were 65 or older, while 25% were 18 or younger.

About half the population was concentrated in the Detroit metropolitan area. The 2005 population in Detroit was estimated at 866,671, placing the city as the 11th largest city in the country. Although Detroit’s population has been steadily shrinking since it reached about 1.85 million in 1950, the metropolitan population has continued to grow. In 1995, the Detroit metropolitan area had 4.3 million. In 2004 it stood at 4.49 million. Other Michigan cities with their 2005 populations include Grand Rapids, 193,780; Warren, 135,311; Sterling Heights, 128,034; Flint, 118,551; Lansing (the capital), 115,518; and Ann Arbor, 113,271.

7 Ethnic Groups

According to the 2000 census, there were 58,479 American Indian residents in the state, including Eskimos and Aleuts. The Ottawa, Ojibwa, and Potawatomi have been principal groups with active tribal organizations. American Indians accounted for 0.6% of the state’s population in 2004. The black population in 2000 totaled about 1,412,742. In 2006 they accounted for 14.0% of the state’s population. There were also 323,877 Hispanics and Latinos living in the state, of whom 220,769 were of Mexican descent. In 2006, Hispanics and Latinos accounted for 3.8% of the state’s residents. The state’s Asian population had a total number of 176,510 people, including 54,631 Asian Indians, 17,377 Filipinos, 33,189 Chinese, 20,886 Koreans, 11,288 Japanese, and 13,673 Vietnamese. Asians in 2006 accounted for 2.3% of the state’s resident population. Pacific Islanders numbered 2,692.

Although state residents of first- or second-generation European descent are decreasing in number, there are still active ethnic groups in many cities. Detroit continues to have numerous well-defined ethnic neighborhoods and Hamtramck, a city surrounded by Detroit, is still dominated by its Polish population. Frankenmuth is the site of an annual German festival. In the Upper Peninsula, the Finnish culture dominates in rural areas. In the iron and copper mining regions, descendants of immigrants from Cornwall in England and persons of Scandinavian background predominate. The 2000 census found that 523,589 state residents (5.3% of the population) were foreign born.

8 Languages

Except for the huge industrial area in southeastern Michigan, English in the state is remarkably uniform in its retention of the major Northern dialect features of upper New York and western New England. Common are such Northern terms as pail, wishbone, darning needle (dragon-fly), and mouth organ (harmonica). Common also are such pronunciations as the /ah/ vowel in fog and on and the /aw/ vowel in forest and orange. Southern blacks have introduced a regional variety of English in the southeast that has become a controversial educational concern. In this dialect pen and pin sound alike. The loss of /r/ after a vowel means that words such as cart and cot also sound alike.

In 2000, of the state’s population five years old or older, 91.6% spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home, with the number of speakers, included Spanish, 246,688; Arabic, 75,412; German, 52,366; Polish, 40,372; and French, 38,914.

9 Religions

The Roman Catholic Church was the only organized religion in Michigan until the 19th century. Detroit’s St. Anne’s parish, established in 1701, is the second-oldest Catholic parish in the country. The Lutheran denomination was introduced by German and Scandinavian immigrants. Dutch settlers were affiliated with the Reformed Church in America.

In 2004, Michigan had 2,265,286 Roman Catholics. Among Protestant denominations, the largest groups were the Missouri Synod Lutherans, with about 244,231 adherents (2000 data), and the United Methodists, with

about 171,916 adherents, in 2004. Evangelical Lutherans numbered about 160,836 adherents in 2000, while the Christian Reformed Church had about 112,711 members and the Presbyterian Church USA had 104,471 that same year. The Seventh Day Adventists, who had their world headquarters in Battle Creek from 1855 to 1903, numbered 37,712 in 2000. The Jewish community had about 110,000 members. Over 5.7 million people (about 58% of the population) were not counted as members of any religious organization.

10 Transportation

Michigan’s inhabitants have always depended heavily on the Great Lakes for transportation. Although extensive networks of railroads and highways now reach into all parts of the state, the Great Lakes remain major avenues of commerce.

The first railroad company in the Midwest was chartered in Michigan in 1830 and six years later the Erie and Kalamazoo, operating between Toledo, Ohio, and Adrian, became the first railroad in service west of the Appalachians. In 2003, Class I railroad trackage totaled 2,752 miles (4,430 kilometers) out of a total of 4,495 miles (7,236 kilometers). Most railroad passenger service is provided by Amtrak. As of 2006, Amtrak provided service to 23 stations in the state, connecting them to Chicago. Freight is carried by the state’s 23 railroads, of which four are Class I. Railroads have been used only to a limited degree in the Detroit area as commuter carriers.

As of 2004, the state had 122,382 miles (197,035 kilometers) of roads. Major expressways included I-94 (Detroit to Chicago), I-96 (Detroit to Grand Rapids), and I-75 (from the Ohio border to Sault Ste. Marie). In 2004, there were about 4.632 million registered passenger cars, around 3.613 million trucks, some 10,000 buses, and about 227,000 motorcycles. Licensed drivers numbered 7,103,404 during the same year.

The completion in 1957 of the Mackinac Bridge, the fourth-longest suspension span in the world, eliminated the major barrier to easy movement between the state’s two peninsulas. The International Bridge at Sault Ste. Marie, the Blue-Water Bridge at Port Huron, the Ambassador Bridge at Detroit, and the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel all link Michigan with Canada.

The opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 made it possible for a large number of oceangoing vessels to dock at Michigan ports. In 2004, major ports were at Detroit, Presque Isle, Escanaba, and Calcite.

The Ford Airport at Dearborn in the 1920s had one of the first air passenger facilities and was the base for some of the first regular airmail service. In 2005, the state had 381 airports, 95 heliports, 2 STOLports (Short Take-Off and Landing), and 7 seaplane bases. The state’s major airport is Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, with 17,046,178 passenger boardings in 2004.

11 History

In the early 17th century, when European exploration began, Michigan’s Lower Peninsula was practically uninhabited. The Algonkian-speaking Ojibwa and Menomini inhabited portions of the Upper Peninsula. Other groups, including the Winnebago, Sioux, and Huron, later settled in the area. For two centuries after the first Europeans came to Michigan, the Native Americans remained a vital force in the area’s development, providing furs for trade and serving as potential allies in wars between rival colonial powers. However, after the War of 1812, when the fur trade declined and the possibility of war receded, the value of the Indians to the white settlers diminished. Between 1795 and 1842, tribal lands in Michigan were ceded to the federal government, and the Huron, Miami, and many Potawatomi were removed from the area.

The first European explorer known to have reached Michigan was a Frenchman, Etienne Brulé, who explored the Sault Ste. Marie area around 1620. Missionary and fur trading posts—and, later, military forts—were established at Sault Ste. Marie by Father Jacques Marquette in 1668. In 1701, Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac founded a permanent settlement at the site of present-day Detroit.

Following France’s defeat in the French and Indian War, and an unsuccessful Native American rebellion, the British were in firm control of the area by 1764. They continued to occupy it until 13 years after the American Revolution was ended by the Treaty of Paris in

1783, which gave Michigan and other territories to the United States. In the summer of 1796, the United States took possession of Michigan.

Statehood However, during the War of 1812, the British captured Detroit, holding the settlement until September 1813, when it was recaptured. But full American control of Michigan would not take place until the Treaty of Ghent was signed at the end of 1814. With the opening in 1825 of the Erie Canal, settlers for the first time pushed into the interior of southern Michigan. By 1833, Michigan had attained a population of 60,000 qualifying it for statehood. After the settlement of boundary disputes with Indiana and Ohio—including the so-called Toledo War, in which no one was killed—Michigan became part of the Union on 26 January 1837.

In July 1854, antislavery Democrats joined with members of the Whig and Free-Soil parties to organize Michigan’s Republican Party, which swept into office that year, and except for rare exceptions, controlled the state until the 1930s. Approximately 90,000 Michigan men served in the Union army, taking part in all major actions of the Civil War.

Michigan grew rapidly in economic importance. Agriculture sparked the initial growth of the new state and was responsible for its rapid increase in population. By 1850, the southern half of the Lower Peninsula was filling up. Less than two decades later, exploitation of vast pine forests in northern Michigan had made the state the top lumber producer in the United States. Settlers were also attracted to the area by the discovery of rich mineral deposits.

Industrialization Toward the end of the 19th century, new opportunities in manufacturing opened up. The sudden popularity of Ransom E. Olds’s Oldsmobile inspired a host of Michigan residents to produce similar practical, relatively inexpensive automobiles. By 1904, Detroit’s Cadillac (initially a cheap car), the first Fords, and the Oldsmobile made Michigan the leading automobile producer in the country—and, later, in the world.

Industrialization brought with it urbanization. The census of 1920 for the first time showed a majority of the state’s people living in towns and cities. Nearly all industrial development was concentrated in the southern third of the state, particularly the southeastern Detroit area. The northern two-thirds of the state, where nothing took up the slack left by the decline in lumber and mining output, steadily lost population and became increasingly troubled economically.

The onset of the depression of the 1930s had devastating effects in Michigan. The market for automobiles collapsed. By 1932, half of Michigan’s industrial workers were unemployed. The ineffectiveness of the Republican state and federal governments during the crisis led to a landslide victory for the Democrats. Factory workers, driven by the desire for greater job security, joined the recruiting campaign launched by the new Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). By 1941, the United Automobile Workers (UAW) had organized the entire auto industry, and Michigan had been converted to a strongly pro-union state.

By the mid-1950s, the Democrats controlled practically all statewide elective offices. However, Republicans maintained their control of the legislature and frustrated the efforts of Democratic administrations to institute social reforms. In the 1960s, as a result of US Supreme Court rulings, the legislature was reapportioned. This shifted a majority of legislative seats into urban areas and enabled the Democrats generally to control the legislature since that time.

1980s–2000s The nationwide recession of the early 1980s hit Michigan harder than most other states because of its effect on the auto industry. Auto makers had already suffered heavy losses as a result of their inability to foresee the decline of the big luxury cars and because of the increasing share of the American auto market captured by foreign, mostly Japanese, manufacturers. During the late 1970s and the first two years of the 1980s, US automakers were forced to lay off hundreds of thousands of workers, tens of thousands of whom left the state. Many smaller businesses, dependent on the auto industry, closed their doors, adding to the unemployment problem.

When Governor James J. Blanchard took office in 1983, he was faced with the immediate tasks of saving Michigan from bankruptcy and reducing the unemployment rate, which had averaged more than 15% in 1982 (60% above the US average). The new governor was forced to institute budget cuts totaling $225 million and to lay offthousands of government workers.

Michigan Governors: 1835–2007

1835–1840	Stevens Thomson Mason	Democrat
1840–1841	William Woodbridge	Whig
1841	James Wright Gordon	Whig
1842–1846	John Stewart Barry	Democrat
1846–1847	Alpheus Felch	Democrat
1847	William L. Greenly	Democrat
1848–1850	Epaphroditus Ransom	Democrat
1850–1851	John Stewart Barry	Democrat
1852–1853	Robert McClelland	Democrat
1853–1854	Andrew Parsons	Democrat
1855–1858	Kinsley Scott Bingham	Republican
1859–1860	Moses Wisner	Republican
1861–1864	Austin Blair	Republican
1865–1868	Henry Howland Crapo	Republican
1869–1872	Henry Porter Baldwin	Republican
1873–1876	John Judson Bagley	Republican
1877–1880	Charles Miller Croswell	Republican
1881–1882	David Howell Jerome	Republican
1883–1884	Josiah William Begole	Fusion
1885–1886	Russell Alexander Alger	Republican
1887–1890	Cyrus Gray Luce	Republican
1891–1892	Edward Baruch Winans	Democrat
1893–1896	John Tyler Rich	Republican
1897–1900	Hazen Stuart Pingree	Republican
1901–1904	Aaron Thomas Bliss	Republican
1905–1910	Fred Maltby Warner	Republican
1911–1912	Chase Salmon Osborn	Republican
1913–1916	Woodbridge Nathan Ferris	Democrat
1917–1920	Albert Edson Sleeper	Republican
1921–1926	Alexander Joseph Groesbeck	Republican
1927–1930	Fred Warren Green	Republican
1931–1932	Wilber Marion Brucker	Republican
1933–1934	William Alfred Comstock	Democrat
1935–1936	Frank Dwight Fitzgerald	Republican
1937–1938	Francis William Murphy	Democrat
1939	Frank Dwight Fitzgerald	Republican
1939–1940	Luren Dudley Dickenson	Republican
1941–1942	Murray Delos Van Wagoner	Democrat
1943–1946	Harry Francis Kelly	Republican
1947–1948	Kim Sigler	Republican
1949–1960	Gerhard Mennen Williams	Democrat
1961–1962	John Burley Swainson	Democrat
1963–1969	George Wilcken Romney	Republican
1969–1983	William Grawn Milliken	Republican
1983–1991	James Johnston Blanchard	Democrat
1991–2002	John Engler	Republican
2002–	Jennifer Granholm	Democrat

Also, at his urging, the state legislature increased Michigan’s income tax by 38%.

By May 1984, Michigan’s unemployment rate dropped to 11.3%, but the state faced the difficult task of restructuring its economy to lessen its dependence on the auto industry. By the late 1980s, there were signs of success. Less than 25% of wage earners worked in factories in 1988, a drop from 30% in 1978. Despite continued layoffs and plant closings by auto manufacturers between 1982 and 1988, Michigan added half a million more jobs than it lost. The state established a $100 million job-retraining program to upgrade the skills of displaced factory workers, and contributed $5 million to a joint job-training program created by General Motors and the United Automobile Workers.

Despite moves to modernize and diversify the state’s economy, by the mid-1990s Michigan remained heavily dependent upon the automobile industry, which produced 28% of all motor vehicles manufactured within the United States.

By 1999, Michigan’s economy was on the rise. Unemployment that year dropped to 3.8%, but new challenges had arisen by 2000, regarding the state’s educational system, the preservation of farmland from urban sprawl, and in the cleanup and conservation of the Great Lakes system in cooperation with neighboring states and Canada.

In 2002, the Democrats retook the governorship, with the election of Jennifer Granholm, Michigan’s first woman governor. Granholm pledged balance the state’s budget and create a region that would attract technology companies

Michigan Presidential Vote by Political Parties, 1948–2004

YEAR	MICHIGAN WINNER	DEMOCRAT	REPUBLICAN	PROGRESSIVE	SOCIALIST	PROHIBITION
*Won US presidential election
1948	Dewey (R)	1,003,448	1,038,595	46,515	6,063	13,052
					SOC. WORKERS
1952	*Eisenhower (R)	1,230,657	1,551,529	3,922	655	10,331
1956	*Eisenhower (R)	1,359,898	1,713,647	—	—	6,923
				SOC. LABOR
1960	*Kennedy (D)	1,687,269	1,620,428	1,718	4,347	2,029
1964	*Johnson (D)	2,136,615	1,060,152	1,704	3,817
						AMERICAN IND.
1968	Humphrey (D)	1,593,082	1,370,665	1,762	4,099	331,968
						AMERICAN
1972	*Nixon (R)	1,459,435	1,961,721	2,437	1,603	63,321
				PEOPLE’S		LIBERTARIAN
1976	Ford (R)	1,696,714	1,893,742	3,504	1,804	5,406
				CITIZENS	COMMUNIST
1980	*Reagan (R)	1,661,532	1,915,225	11,930	3,262	41,597
1984	*Reagan (R)	1,529,638	2,251,571	1,191	—	10,055
				NEW ALLIANCE	WORKERS LEAGUE
1988	*Bush (R)	1,675,783	1,965,486	2,513	1,958	18,336
				IND. (PEROT)	TISCH IND. CITIZENS
1992	*Clinton (D)	1,871,182	1,554,940	824,813	8,263	10,175
1996	*Clinton (D)	1,989,653	1,481,212	336,670	—	27,670
					GREEN
2000	Gore (D)	2,179,418	1,953,139	—	84,165	16,711
2004	Kerry (D)	2,479,183	2,313,746	—	5,325	10,552

to Michigan, mainly biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms. Granholm was reelected in 2006.

12 State Government

The legislature consists of a senate with 38 members, elected for terms of 4 years, and a house of representatives with 110 members, elected for terms of 2 years. Legislation may be adopted by a majority of each house, but to override a governor’s veto, a two-thirds vote of the members of each house is required. Elected executive officials include the governor and lieutenant governor (who run jointly), secretary of state, and attorney general, all serving four-year terms. The governor is limited to two consecutive terms.

The governor’s salary, as of December 2004 was $177,000, and the legislative salary was $77,400.

13 Political Parties

From its birth in 1854 through 1932, the Republican Party dominated state politics. But the problems caused by the Great Depression in the 1930s revitalized the Democratic Party and made Michigan a strong two-party state. Most labor organizations, led by the powerful United Automobile Workers union, have generally supported the Democratic Party since the 1930s. But in recent years, moderate Republicans have had considerable success in attracting support among previously Democratic voters.

Ronald Reagan won 49% of the state’s popular vote in 1980 and 59% in 1984. Michigan elected Republican George H. W. Bush in 1988, but voted for Democrat Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996 and Al Gore in 2000. In the latter election, Gore received 51% of the vote and Republican George W. Bush trailed with 47% of the vote. In 2004, John Kerry received 51% of the vote to George W. Bush’s 48%. In November 2002, Democrat Jennifer Granholm became Michigan’s first female governor. She was reelected in 2006. In 2004 there were 7,164,000 registered voters. There is no party registration in the state. The state’s senators are Democrat Carl Levin and Democrat Debbie Stabenow. After the 2006 elections, the state’s 15-member US House delegation consisted of six Democrats and nine Republicans. On the state level, following the 2006 elections, there were 17 Democrats and 21 Republicans in the senate, and 58 Democrats and 52 Republicans in the house. Thirty women were elected to the state legislature in 2006; they represented 20.3% of the total.

14 Local Government

In 2005 there were 83 counties, 533 municipal governments, 734 public school districts, and 366 special districts. In 2002 there were also 1,242 townships. Each county is administered by a county board of commissioners. Executive authority is vested in five officers elected for four-year terms: the sheriff, prosecuting attorney, treasurer, clerk, and registrar of deeds. Some counties place overall administrative responsibility in the hands of a county manager or administrator.

Most cities establish their own form of government under an adopted charter. Some charters provide for the election of a mayor; other cities have chosen the council-manager system. Township government, its powers strictly limited by state law, consists of a supervisor, clerk, treasurer, and up to four trustees.

15 Judicial System

Michigan’s highest court is the state supreme court, consisting of seven justices elected for eight-year terms. The chief justice is elected by the members of the court. The high court hears cases on appeal from lower state courts and also administers the state’s entire court system. Unless the supreme court agrees to review a court of appeals ruling, the latter’s decision is final.

The major trial courts in the state as of 1999 were the circuit courts. The circuit courts have original jurisdiction in all felony criminal cases, civil cases involving sums of more than $10,000, and divorces. A special division of the circuit court was created in 1998 to better serve families and individuals. Circuit courts also hear appeals from lower courts and state administrative agencies. Probate courts have original jurisdiction in cases involving juveniles and dependents, and also handle wills and estates, adoptions, and commitments of the mentally ill.

In 2004, Michigan’s violent crime rate (murder/nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault) was 490.2 incidents per 100,000 population. There were 48,883 prisoners in state or federal correctional facilities as of 31 December 2004. In 1846, Michigan became the first state to abolish the death penalty, and subsequent efforts to reinstate it have failed as of 2006.

16 Migration

Between 1990 and 1998, Michigan had a net loss of 190,000 in domestic migration and a net gain of 87,000 in international migration. In the period 2000–05, net international migration was 122,901, while net domestic migration for the same period was -165,084, for a net loss of 42,183.

17 Economy

Michigan’s dependence on automobile production has caused grave and persistent economic problems since the 1950s. Michigan’s unemployment rates in times of recession have far exceeded the national average, since auto sales are among the hardest hit in such periods. Although the state was relatively prosperous during the record automotive production years of the 1960s and 1970s, the high cost of gasoline and the encroachment of imports on domestic car sales had disastrous effects by 1980. By that time it became apparent that the state’s future economic health required greater diversification of industry.

Agriculture, still dominant in the rural areas of southern Michigan, remains an important element in the state’s economy. In northern Michigan, forestry and mining continue, but generally at levels far below earlier boom periods. By the early 1990s, both the trade and service sectors employed more people than the manufacturing industry. In 2002, Michigan’s economy lagged behind that of the nation.

The gross state product (GSP) in 2004 was $372.169 billion, of which manufacturing accounted for the largest portion at 20.4% of GSP, followed by the real estate sector at 11.5%, and professional and technical services at 7.7% of GSP.

Of the state’s 213,104 businesses that had employees, 98.4% were small companies.

18 Income

In 2004, Michigan ranked 23rd among the 50 states and the District of Columbia with a per capita (per person) income of $32,079, which

was below the national average of $33,050. The three-year average median household income for 2002 through 2004 was $44,476, compared to the national average of $44,473. For the same period, 12.1% of the state’s residents lived below the federal poverty level, compared to the national average of 12.4%.

19 Industry

The rise of the auto industry in the early 20th century completed the transformation of Michigan into one of the most important manufacturing areas in the world. In 2004, the total shipment value of all products manufactured in the state was $220.454 billion. Of that total, the transportation equipment manufacturing sector that same year accounted for $111.568 billion, or 50.6%, followed by machinery manufacturing at $17.549 billion, and fabricated metal product at $14.024 billion. In 2004, motor vehicles and equipment accounted for 39.4% of the state’s manufacturing payroll.

The Detroit metropolitan area is the state’s major industrial region, which includes not only a heavy concentration of auto-related plants, but also major steel, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, among others.

In 2004, Michigan’s manufacturing sector employed 651,947 people. Of that total, some 202,998 were employed in the transportation equipment manufacturing sector.

20 Labor

In April 2006, the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force in Michigan numbered 5,157,600, with approximately 369,500 workers unemployed, yielding an unemployment rate of 7.2%, compared to the national average of 4.7% for the same period. For that same date, early figures for nonfarm employment showed that: construction accounted for 4.3% of the labor force; 15% was in manufacturing; 18.1% was in trade, transportation, and public utilities; 5% in finance activities; 13.6% in professional and business services; 13% in educational and health services; 9.4% in leisure and hospitality services; and 15.3% in government.

Michigan’s most powerful and influential industrial union since the 1930s has been the United Automobile Workers (UAW). Its national headquarters is in Detroit. The union has been a dominant force in the state Democratic Party. The successful sit-down strike by the United Automobile Workers against General Motors in 1936–37 marked the first major victory of the new Congress of Industrial Organizations. Since then, a strong labor movement has provided manufacturing workers in Michigan with some of the most favorable working conditions in the country.

In recent years, as government employees and teachers have been organized, unions and associations representing these groups have become increasingly influential. Certain crafts and trades were organized in Michigan in the 19th century, with one national labor union, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, founded in 1863, but efforts to organize workers in the lumber and mining industries were generally unsuccessful.

In 2005, a total of 880,000 of Michigan’s 4,288,000 employed wage and salary workers were members of unions. This represented 20.5% of those so employed, compared to the national average that year of 12%.

21 Agriculture

In 2005, Michigan’s agricultural income was estimated at over $3.9 billion, placing Michigan 22nd among the 50 states. About 60% came from crops and the rest from livestock and livestock products. Dairy products, nursery products, cattle, corn, and soybeans were the principal commodities. In 2004, the state ranked second in output of tart cherries, third in apples, and fourth in prunes and plums.

The southern half of the Lower Peninsula is the principal agricultural region, while the area along Lake Michigan is a leader in fruit growing. Potatoes are profitable in northern Michigan, while eastern Michigan (the “Thumb” area near Lake Huron) is a leading bean producer. The Saginaw Valley leads the state in sugar beets. The south-central and southeastern counties are major centers of soybean production. Leading field crops in 2004 included corn for grain, soybeans, and wheat. Output of commercial apples totaled 720 million pounds (327 million kilograms).

22 Domesticated Animals

In 2005, there were an estimated 1,010,000 cattle and calves, valued at $1.07 billion. The state had an estimated 940,000 hogs and pigs in 2004, valued at $103.4 million. In 2003, dairy farmers had an estimated 302,000 milk cows which produced around 6.36 million pounds (2.89 million kilograms) of milk. Poultry farmers produced nearly 1.89 billion eggs, valued at around $93.7 million.

23 Fishing

In 2004, the commercial catch was 8.4 million pounds (3.8 million kilograms) valued at $6.2 million. Principal species landed were silver salmon and alewives.

Sport fishing continues to flourish and is one of the state’s major tourist attractions. A state salmon-planting program, begun in the mid-1960s, has made salmon the most popular game fish for Great Lakes sport fishermen. The state has also sought, through breeding and stocking programs, to bring back the trout, which was devastated by an invasion of lamprey. In 2004, the state issued 1,171,742 sport fishing licenses. There are three national fisheries in Michigan.

24 Forestry

In 2004, Michigan’s forestland totaled 19.3 million acres (7.8 million hectares), or more than half the state’s total land area. Approximately 96% of it was classified as timberland, and about two-thirds of it was privately owned. The major forested regions are in the northern two-thirds of the state, where great pine forests enabled Michigan to become the leading lumber-producing state in the last four decades of the 19th century. These cutover lands regenerated naturally or were reforested in the 20th century. Lumber production was 844 million board feet in 2004.

State and national forests covered 6.9 million acres (2.8 million hectares), or about one-fifth of the state’s land area.

25 Mining

Nonfuel mineral production in Michigan was valued at an estimated $1.35 billion in 2003. The state ranked seventh nationally in value of nonfuel minerals produced during the same year. Michigan was first nationally in magnesium chloride produced, and ranked second in the production of peat, industrial sand and gravel, bromine, and iron ore. It ranked third in construction sand and gravel, and potash; fourth in portland cement; and seventh in salt, and eighth in masonry cement. According to preliminary figures, in 2003, the state produced 70 million metric tons of construction sand and gravel. Crushed stone production that year totaled 41.2 million metric tons.

The state also produced small quantities of copper, silver, and other mineral specimens for sale to collectors and museums.

26 Energy and Power

In 2003, Michigan’s total net summer generating capacity was 30.450 million kilowatts, while total electric power output that same year was 111.347 billion kilowatt hours. Most power (60.9%) was produced by coal-fired steam units, followed by nuclear-powered units at 25.1%, and natural gas-fired generators at 10.2%. Oil-fired plants, hydroelectric sources and other renewable energy sources accounted for the remainder. As of 2006, Michigan had three operating nuclear power plants, the Donald C. Cook plant in Berrion County, the Enrico Fermi plant near Detroit, and the Palisades facility near South Haven.

The two major electric utilities are Detroit Edison, serving the Detroit area and portions of the eastern part of the Lower Peninsula, and Consumers Power, serving most of the remainder of the Lower Peninsula. Rates of the utility companies are set by the Public Service Commission.

Michigan is dependent on outside sources for most of its fossil fuel needs. Petroleum production in 2004 totaled 18,000 barrels per day. Marketed natural gas production in that same year totaled 259.681 billion cubic feet (7.37 billion cubic meters). In 2004, the state’s proven crude oil reserves were 53 million barrels, while proven reserves (as of 31 December 2004) of dry or consumer-grade natural gas totaled 3.091 trillion cubic feet (87.8 billion cubic meters). Bituminous coal reserves (estimated at 127.7 million tons) remain in southern Michigan, but production is negligible. In 2004, there was no recorded coal output.

27 Commerce

In 2002, Michigan’s wholesale trade sector had sales of $165.9 billion, while the state’s retail trade sector had sales that year of $109.3 billion. In the retail sector for 2002, motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts dealers accounted for the largest portion of sales at $31.7 billion, followed by food and beverage stores at $13.1 billion, and building material/garden equipment and supplies dealers at $9.4 billion. With its ports open to oceangoing vessels through the St. Lawrence Seaway, Michigan is a major exporting and importing state for foreign as well as domestic markets. Exports of Michigan’s manufactured goods totaled $37.5 billion in 2005, ranking the state fifth in the United States.

28 Public Finance

In 2004, total revenues were $57.46 billion, while total expenditures for that year were $46.5 billion. The largest general expenditures in 2004 were for education ($20.34 billion), public welfare ($9.95 billion), and health ($3.35 billion). The total state debt that year was $20.959 billion, or $2,074.42 per capita (per person).

29 Taxation

In 2005, Michigan collected $24.340 billion in tax revenues, or $2,405 per person, placing the state 15th among the 50 states in per capita tax burden, compared to the national average of $2,192. Sales taxes accounted for the largest portion at 33.2%, followed by personal income taxes at 28.4%, selective sales taxes at 14.2%, property taxes at 8.8%, corporate income taxes at 7.8%, and other taxes at 7.5%.

As of 1 January 2006, the state had a single personal income tax bracket of 3.9%. The state sales and use tax is 6% on most retail purchases. However food is exempt if consumed off premises (such as at home). The state also imposes excise taxes on cigarettes and gasoline.

30 Health

In October 2005, the infant mortality rate was estimated at 7.7 per 1,000 live births. The crude death rate in 2003 was 8.6 per 1,000 population. Major causes of death (per 100,000 people in 2002) included heart disease at 265.3, cancer at 198.8, cerebrovascular diseases at 57.8, chronic lower respiratory diseases at 44.1, and diabetes at 27.7. The HIV-related death rate was 2.4 per 100,000 population. The AIDS case rate in 2004 was at about 6.5 per 100,000 people. About 23.2% of the state’s residents were smokers as of 2004.

Michigan’s 144 community hospitals had about 25,800 beds in 2003. In 2004, Michigan had 289 physicians for every 100,000 people, and a total of 6,039 dentists in that same year. In 2005, there were 804 nurses per 100,000 population. The average expense for community hospital care was $1,382 per day. In 2004, about 11% of the state’s population were uninsured.

31 Housing

In 2004, there were an estimated 4,433,482 housing units in Michigan, of which 3,923,135 were occupied. Michigan that year ranked second in the country (after Minnesota) for the number of units (74%) that were owner-occupied. About 70.5% of all units were single-family, detached homes. Most homes rely on utility gas for heating. It was estimated that 218,182 units lacked telephone service, while 8,787 lacked complete plumbing facilities, and 12,705 lacked complete kitchen facilities. The Average household size was 2.51 people.

In 2004, a total of 54,700 privately owned units were authorized for construction. The median home value was $145,177. The median monthly cost for mortgage owners was $1,137. Renters paid a median of $628 per month.

32 Education

Historically, Michigan has strongly supported public education, which helps account for the fact that the percentage of students attending public schools is one of the highest in the United States. In 2004, of Michigan residents age 25 and older, 87.9% were high school graduates and 24.4% had obtained a bachelor’s degree or higher.

Total public school enrollment was estimated at 1,786,000 in fall 2003 and is expected to drop to 1,728,000 by fall 2014. Expenditures for public education in 2003/2004 were estimated at $19.2 billion.

Enrollment in private schools in fall 2003 was 160,049. A large percentage of private-school enrollment was in Catholic schools. Lutherans, Seventh-Day Adventists, and Reformed and Christian Reformed churches also maintain schools.

As of fall 2002, there were 605,835 students enrolled in college or graduate school. In 2005, Michigan had 110 degree-granting institutions. The oldest state school is the University of Michigan, originally established in Detroit in 1817. Its Ann Arbor campus was founded in 1835. Other public universities are Michigan State University and Wayne State University. Among the state’s private colleges and universities, the University of Detroit Mercy, a Jesuit school, is one of the largest. Kalamazoo College (founded in 1833), Albion College (1835), Hope College (1866), and Alma College (1886) are some of the oldest private liberal arts colleges in the state.

33 Arts

Michigan’s major center of arts and cultural activity is the Detroit area. The city’s refurbished Orchestra Hall is the home of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, as well as chamber music concerts and other musical events. The Music Hall and the Masonic Auditorium present a variety of musical productions. The Fisher Theater is the major home for Broadway productions, and the Detroit Cultural Center supports a number of cultural programs. The new Detroit Opera House is sponsored by the Michigan Opera Theatre. Nearby Meadow Brook, in Rochester, has a summer music program. Successful summer theaters include the Cherry County Playhouse at Traverse City, and the Star Theater in Flint.

Programs relating to the visual arts tend to be academically centered. The University of Michigan, Michigan State, Wayne State, and Eastern Michigan University have notable art schools. The Cranbrook Academy of Arts, which was created by the architect Eliel Saarinen, is a significant art center and the Ox-bow School at Saugatuck is also outstanding. The Ann Arbor Art Fair, begun in 1960, is the largest and most prestigious summer outdoor art show in the state, hosting more than 500,000 annual attendees. The Waterfront Film Festival in Saugatuck and the touring Ann Arbor Film Festival promote the art of independent filmmaking.

The Detroit Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1914, is nationally known. Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo have regional orchestras that perform on a part-time, seasonal basis. The National Music Camp at Interlochen is a popular destination for young musicians during the summer and a prestigious private high school for the arts year round.

There are local ballet and opera groups in Detroit and in a few other communities. Michigan’s best-known contribution to popular music was that of Berry Gordy Jr., whose Motown recording company in the 1960s popularized the “Detroit sound” and featured such artists as Diana Ross and the Supremes, Smokey Robinson and the Miracles, Aretha Franklin, the Four Tops, the Temptations, and Stevie Wonder, among many others. In the 1970s however, Gordy moved his operations to California.

The Michigan Council for the Arts supports many programs throughout the state with federal and state funding. The Michigan Humanities Council was founded in 1974. One of its ongoing programs is the Great Outdoors Culture Tour, which includes performing artists and cultural interpreters/educators.

34 Libraries and Museums

As of September 2001, Michigan had a total of 654 libraries, of which 278 were branches. In that same year, the state’s libraries held 27.188 million volumes, with a circulation of 51,773,000. The largest public library is the Detroit Public Library, which includes the National Automotive History Collection and the E. Azalia Hackley Collection, a notable source for material pertaining to African Americans in the performing arts, especially music. Among academic libraries, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor is one of the best; in 1980, the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library was opened on the university campus.

The Detroit Institute of Arts is the largest art museum in the state and has an outstanding collection of African art. The Kalamazoo Institute of Art, the Flint Institute of Art, the Grand Rapids Art Museum, and the Hackley Art Gallery in Muskegon are important art museums. In 1996 the world’s largest museum of African American history was established in Detroit. A major Holocaust Memorial Center is located in the West Bloomfield Hills area of metropolitan Detroit.

The Detroit Historical Museum heads the more than 229 museums in the state. In Dearborn, the privately run Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village are leading tourist attractions.

35 Communications

In 2004, of all occupied housing units in the state, 93.7% had telephones, and in June of that year, there were 5.43 million wireless telephone service subscribers. In 2003, computers were in 59.9% of all Michigan homes, while 52% had access to the Internet. In 2005, Michigan had 62 major AM radio stations and 110 major FM stations. Radio station WWJ, originally owned by the Detroit News, began operating in 1920 as one of the country’s first commercial broadcasting stations, and the News also started Michigan’s first television station in 1947. As of 2005 there were 33 major television stations in the state. In the Detroit area, 68% of 1,855,500 television households had cable, while in the Grand Rapids-Kalamazoo-Battle Creek area, 62% of 671,320 television households had cable.

By 2000, a total of 145,596 Internet domain names had been registered in Michigan.

36 Press

The state’s oldest paper still being published is the Detroit Free Press, founded in 1831. In 2005, there were 48 daily newspapers in Michigan and 27 Sunday editions published in the state. The leading newspapers (and their 2004 circulation rates) are the Detroit News (510,736 daily; 710,036 Sunday), the Grand Rapids Press (138,126 daily; 189,690 Sunday), and the Flint Journal (84,313 daily; 102,154 Sunday).

37 Tourism, Travel & Recreation

In 2003, a total of 150,000 people were employed in Michigan’s tourist industry.

The opportunities offered by Michigan’s water resources are the number one attraction. No part of the state is more than 85 miles (137 kilometers) from one of the Great Lakes, and most of the population lives only a few miles away from one of the thousands of inland lakes and streams.

Historic attractions have been heavily promoted in recent years, following the success of Dearborn’s Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village. Tours of Detroit automobile factories and other industrial sites, such as Battle Creek’s breakfast-food plants, are also important attractions. The Spirit of Ford, a 50,000 square-foot center in Dearborn, offers a “behind the scenes” look at how the automaker designs, engineers, tests, and produces cars and trucks.

Camping and recreational facilities are provided by the federal government at three national forests, comprising 2.8 million acres (1.1 million hectares). Three facilities are operated by the National Park Service (Isle Royale National Park, the Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, and Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore). A wild African-style village covering 70 acres (28.3 hectares) at the Binder Park Zoo in Battle Creek features giraffes, zebras, and ostrich, plus a variety of endangered African species roaming freely on the grassy savannah.

State-operated facilities include 64 parks and recreational areas with 172,343 acres (69,747 hectares), and state forests and wildlife areas totaling 4,250,000 acres (1,720,000 hectares).

38 Sports

Michigan has five major league professional sports teams, all of them centered in Detroit: the Tigers of Major League Baseball, the Lions of the National Football League, the Pistons of the National Basketball Association, the Shock of the Women’s National Basketball Association, and the Red Wings of the National Hockey League. The state also has minor league hockey teams in Detroit, Flint, Grand Rapids, Motor City, Muskegon, Kalamazoo, Plymouth, Port Huron and Saginaw, and minor league baseball teams in Grand Rapids, Battle Creek, and Traverse City.

Horse racing, Michigan’s oldest organized spectator sport, is controlled by the state racing commissioner, who regulates thoroughbred and harness racing seasons at tracks in the Detroit area and at Jackson. Auto racing is also popular in Michigan. The state hosts four major races, the Detroit Grand Prix, the Michigan 500 Indy car race, and two NASCAR Nextel Cup races.

Interest in college sports centers on the football and basketball teams of the University of Michigan and Michigan State University, which

usually are among the top-ranked teams in the country. The zMichigan State basketball team won the NCAA tournament in 2000.

Other annual sporting events include the Snowmobile Poker Runs in St. Ignace, and in July, the yacht races from Chicago and Port Huron to Mackinac Island.

39 Famous Michiganians

Only one Michiganian has held the offices of US president and vice president: Gerald R. Ford (Leslie King Jr., b.Nebraska, 1913–2006), the 38th US president, who was appointed to the vice presidency by Richard M. Nixon in 1973 upon the resignation of Vice President Spiro T. Agnew. When Nixon resigned on 9 August 1974, Ford became president, the first to hold that post without having been elected to high national office.

Two Michiganians have served as associate justices of the Supreme Court: Henry B. Brown (b.Massachusetts, 1836–1913), author of the 1896 segregationist decision in Plessy v. Ferguson; and Frank Murphy (1890–1949), who also served as US attorney general and was a notable defender of minority rights during his years on the court. Another justice, Potter Stewart (1915–1985), was born in Jackson but appointed to the Supreme Court from Ohio.

Other Michiganians who have held high federal office include Robert S. McNamara (b.California, 1916), Secretary of Defense; and W. Michael Blumenthal (b.Germany, 1926), Secretary of the Treasury. Detroit’s first black mayor, Coleman A. Young (b.Alabama, 1918–1997), promoted programs to revive the city’s tarnished image while in office (1974–93).

The most famous figure in the early development of Michigan is Jacques Marquette (b.France, 1637–1675). Laura Haviland (b.Canada, 1808–1898) was a noted leader in the fight against slavery and for black rights, while Lucinda Hinsdale Stone (b.Vermont, 1814–1900) and Anna Howard Shaw (b.England, 1847–1919) were important in the women’s rights movement.

Nobel laureates from Michigan include diplomat Ralph J. Bunche (1904–1971), winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950; and Glenn T. Seaborg (1912–1999), Nobel Prize winner in chemistry in 1951, and for whom element 106, seaborgium, is named.

In the business world, William C. Durant (b.Massachusetts, 1861–1947), Henry Ford (1863–1947), and Ransom E. Olds (b.Ohio 1864–1950) are the three most important figures in making Michigan the center of the American auto industry. Ford’s grandson, Henry Ford II (1917–1987), was the dominant personality in the auto industry from 1945 through 1979. Two brothers, John Harvey Kellogg (1852–1943) and Will K. Kellogg (1860–1951), helped make Battle Creek the center of the breakfast-food industry. Pioneer aviator Charles A. Lindbergh (1902–1974) was born in Detroit.

Among prominent labor leaders in Michigan were Walter Reuther (b.West Virginia, 1907–1970), president of the United Automobile Workers, and his controversial contemporary, James Hoffa (b.Indiana, 1913–1975?), president of the Teamsters Union, whose disappearance and presumed murder remain a mystery.

The best-known literary figures who were either native or adopted Michiganians include Ring Lardner (1885–1933), master of the short story; Edna Ferber (1885–1968), best-selling novelist; Howard Mumford Jones (1892–1980), critic and scholar; and Bruce Catton (1899–1978), Civil War historian.

Other prominent Michiganians past and present include Frederick Stuart Church (1842–1924), painter; Albert Kahn (b.Germany, 1869–1942), innovator in factory design; and (Gottlieb) Eliel Saarinen (b.Finland, 1873–1950), architect and creator of the Cranbrook School of Art. Malcolm X (Malcolm Little, b.Nebraska, 1925–1965) developed his black separatist beliefs while living in Lansing.

Popular entertainers born in Michigan include Danny Thomas (Amos Jacobs, 1914–1991); Ed McMahon (b.1923); Julie Harris (b.1925); Ellen Burstyn (Edna Rae Gilhooley, b.1932); Della Reese (Dellareese Patricia Early, b.1932); William “Smokey” Robinson (b.1940); Diana Ross (b.1944); Bob Seger (b.1945); Stevie Wonder (Stevland Morris, b.1950); and Madonna (Madonna Louise Ciccone, b.1959); along with film director Francis Ford Coppola (b.1939).

Among sports figures who had notable careers in the state were Joe Louis (Joseph Louis Barrow, b.Alabama, 1914–1981), heavyweight boxing champion from 1937 to 1949; “Sugar Ray” Robinson (1921–1989), who held at various times the welterweight and middleweight boxing titles; and baseball Hall-of-Famer Al Kaline (b.Maryland, 1934), a Detroit Tigers star. Basketball star Earvin “Magic” Johnson (b.1959), who broke Oscar Robertson’s record for most assists, was born in Lansing.

40 Bibliography

BOOKS

Brill, Marlene Targ. Michigan. 2nd ed. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2007.

Bristow, M. J. State Songs of America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.

Dubois, Muriel L. Michigan. Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens, 2006.

McAuliffe, Emily. Massachusetts Facts and Symbols. Rev. ed. Mankato, MN: Capstone Press, 2003.

Murray, Julie. Michigan. Edina, MN: Abdo Publishing, 2006.

Wittenberg, Eric J., ed. One of Custer’s Wolverines: the Civil War Letters of Brevet Brigadier General James H. Kidd, 6th Michigan Infantry. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2000.

WEB SITES

Official Portal for the State of Michigan. Michigan. gov. www.michigan.gov (accessed March 1, 2007).

State of Michigan Official Tourism Site.travel.michigan.org (accessed March 1, 2007

Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the States, 5th ed.

Michigan

views updated May 08 2018

MICHIGAN

MICHIGAN (population 9,938,444 in 2000) is bounded to the west by Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Lake Michigan; to the north by Lake Superior; to the east by Lakes Huron and St. Clair; and to the south by Ohio and Indiana. Though well into the interior of the nation, its two peninsulas are formed by the Great Lakes in such a way that provides an extensive coastline. Known as the "automobile state," its history is far more diverse than that nickname implies.

Government and Strategy, 1622–1796

During the period of exploration and colonial rule, the Michigan area had strategic and commercial value derived from its position in the Great Lakes region. Under the French, and later the British, the area proved an important source of furs easily transported on the extensive natural waterways. Based on early travel accounts, historians know that Samuel de Champlain sent Etienne Bruûlé west along the upper parts of Lake Huron to search for a water route to the Pacific Ocean. Sometime in 1622, they surmise Bruûlé reached the Sault Sainte Marie area. In 1668 the first formal settlement, a mission, was established by Rev. Jacques Marquette at the Sault, followed by a second at St. Ignace in 1671. Shortly thereafter, the French settlers claimed the land for Louis XIV. To secure their hold on the emerging and lucrative fur trade, the French Crown

established forts at strategic points. Fort Ponchartrain at Detroit (meaning the straits), established in 1701, was the first permanent French settlement in the Lower Peninsula. Antoine de Cadillac established the fort and settlement as a fur center.

French control over the area passed to the British in 1763, who fortified Detroit and outposts at Michilimackinac. In 1780, in response to the revolution in the thirteen colonies, the British established a fortification at Mackinac Island that still stands today.

At the time of American independence, the area of Michigan was very much on the frontier. In 1787, the Northwest Ordinance made Michigan a part of the newly established Northwest Territory. In 1794, an American force under the command of Anthony Wayne defeated a British-inspired Native American confederacy. Although the British formally ceded the area of Michigan to the United States through the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the British did not actually leave Fort Mackinac and Detroit until 1796. Only then were the political institutions recognized by the Northwest Territory gradually implemented. By 1803, Michigan had become a part of the Indiana Territory. On 1 July 1805, in response to the petitions of Detroit residents, Congress authorized the creation of the Michigan Territory, with Detroit designated as its capital.

Agriculture and Market, 1796–1850

Though John Jacob Astor founded the American Fur Company with headquarters on Mackinac Island in 1808, the fur trade that had been the economic basis for European settlement in the Michigan area was already in decline. In the first decades of the nineteenth century, a project was begun to survey the lands of southern Michigan. Today's grid of townships was first laid out by the Surveyor General of the United States. Land offices opened in Detroit and Monroe, where settlers could purchase a substantial farm for a very modest cost. The value of this opportunity increased enormously in 1825 when the Erie Canal opened to traffic and linked Michigan lands to the lucrative markets of the Northeast. The response was dramatic, as many chose to move to Michigan from the exhausted lands of upper New York State and elsewhere. Between 1820 and 1840, the population of European origin in Michigan increased from 8,767 to 212,267. Most of the settlement was east to west in the lower part of the state along the Chicago Road, which was developed between 1825 and 1835. Ann Arbor, Marshall, and Kalamazoo were among the market towns that were established. The prospects for farming in Michigan were promoted abroad by real estate interests, which attracted a diverse group of settlers that included Irish, German, and Dutch immigrants. These settlers brought with them a variety of religious beliefs and institutions. This diversity would continue to increase in scope and complexity throughout the subsequent history of the state.

The rapid population growth propelled arguments for statehood, and in 1835 it was authorized by territorial election. However, contention over the border with Ohio, finally resolved by the so-called Toledo War, delayed statehood to 1837 and ensured the inclusion of the Upper Peninsula as part of the new state. Stevens T. Mason, who had been appointed at the age of 19 in 1831 to succeed Lewis Cass as territorial governor, was appointed first governor of the new state in 1837. The new constitution provided for a university to be established, and offers of land were received from a number of towns. Ann Arbor was chosen for the institution. In 1817, three Native American tribes donated lands to the territorial university established in Detroit, but were sold to benefit the new campus in Ann Arbor. The spread of population across the lower part of state made Detroit impractical as a state capitol, and, after considerable debate, the more centrally located city of Lansing was selected in 1847.

Extracting Timber and Minerals, 1850–1910

Agriculture in Michigan flourished in the southern most part of the state. However, with the expansion of a rail network and a good supply of Great Lakes shipping vessels, the state was in an excellent position to move heavier raw materials with relative ease. The lands in the northern two thirds of the state remained largely untouched and covered with timber. By 1860, Michigan had more than 800 timber mills and was shipping forest products throughout the Northeast. At its peak, in the years around 1890, Michigan was producing more than $60 million in timber per year. The lumber industry was largely homegrown, which meant that the revenue generated would remain, for the most part, in the state. Such was not the case with minerals extracted in the upper part of the state.

One of the first acts of the new state legislature was to commission Douglas Houghton, professor at the state chartered university in Ann Arbor, to survey the geologic resources of Michigan. Houghton noted large deposits of copper in the Upper Peninsula. In 1844, iron was discovered. By the late 1860s, rail transport made it possible to move the iron and copper. The capital for many of the mines and the transport infrastructure came from the eastern states, most notably Massachusetts. Consequently, a significant portion of returns on those investments went east. By the late nineteenth century, copper and iron production nearly equaled the value of lumber production.

This extractive economy had a profound impact on the state. Whole cities were established to serve as centers for the finance and distribution of these raw materials. Bay City, Saginaw, and Traverse City, for example, were established as lumber centers. Houghton, Hancock, Marquette, and others were mining centers. The mines and the lumber trade drew immigrants from Italy, Finland, Sweden, Germany, and Ireland, among others.

The state's population was as diverse as any in the nation. As such, tensions were a part of the political landscape. In the mid-nineteenth century, nativist and anti Catholic sentiment led to internal dissension in both the Whig and Democratic Parties. In 1854, a new political coalition, the Republican Party, emerged more tolerant and opposed to the extension of slavery. This new party would dominate politics in the state until the depression of the 1930s. At the time of the Civil War, Michigan supported the Union cause, sending ninety thousand men into service.

By the dawn of the twentieth century, the state's population had surged to 2,240,982, with more than 40 percent foreign-born or children of foreign-born. There were tensions with in various groups. For example, the Dutch split between Christian Reformed and the Reformed Church in America in the mid-nineteenth century. The Polish community was split over the Kolasinski affair in the 1890s. There were conflicts with in the German community at the time of World War I, chronicled in the pages of the daily Detroiter Abend-Post.

Automobile and Manufacturing, 1910 to the Present

Many manufacturing centers had been established in Michigan before the appearance of the automobile in the state. Most notably, Grand Rapids had emerged by the 1870s as a national center for furniture. Drawing from local and imported sources of lumber, as well as a population of expert craftsmen, its furniture could be shipped by rail to most destinations in the country. Kalamazoo had paper manufacturers, Battle Creek had health food factories that became the foundation for its famed breakfast food industry, and Detroit had factories that made rail cars, stoves, and other goods. However, it was only with the emergence of the automobile that Michigan became known as an urban industrial state.

At the turn of the twentieth century, Ransom Olds, Henry Ford, Henry Leland, David Buick, and Roy Chapin were among many in the state working on the idea of attaching a motor to wheels to make a personal transport vehicle. There were others working with the concept out-side the state, but with well-established engine works and carriage manufacturers in Michigan, along with a transport infrastructure in place, the state was an ideal place to pursue these ideas on a large scale.

The auto manufacturers in Michigan came to dominate the industry through innovation and organization. Henry Ford's application of the assembly line so transformed the economies of production that what had been an expensively crafted luxury good became a mass-produced consumer good with in reach of a large segment of the population. This innovation, more than any other, led to the dominance of Michigan in the automobile industry. Several independent auto producers amalgamated under a corporate framework called General Motors (conceived by William Durant of Flint, Michigan), and it, too, realized economies of scale and market power that raised significantly the barriers to entry for new mass producers of automobiles. By 1920, the automotive industry in Michigan employed 127,000 and had an output valued at $1,330,000,000.

While Michigan was well known as a manufacturing state by the 1920s, it was only in the 1940s that the world would come to realize the enormous industrial capacity of the state. In 1940, at the request of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Knudsen, then president of General Motors, directed the changeover of the auto plants to war production. The production output of tanks and planes earned the state the appellation "arsenal of democracy."

The transformation of Michigan from an agricultural and extractive economy to one of the leading industrial economies of the world was not without stress and cultural tensions. The demand for labor to work in the new auto factories and then to sustain production during two world wars brought a huge influx of workers into the state. These were from nearly every country in the world, but most notably Canada, Poland, and Germany. In response, many in the state embraced new ideas of the Progressive Era, which manifested in programs of change and reform as well as restriction and control. Hazen Pingree, as mayor of Detroit in the 1870s, was an early proponent of government regulation of public transport and utilities. Chase Osborn, a Progressive governor (1911–1912), introduced the concept of workers' compensation to the state, among other reform measures. The Detroit Citizens League, the Grand Rapids Furniture Manufacturers Association, and other groups formed to protect the interests of the urban elite in the face of changes brought on by rapid urban industrial growth.

The Detroit Urban League, along with a host of ethnic and church-based associations, helped maintain individual and group identities. These organizations structured urban and town life with a focus on assimilation. The demand for workers was so strong during World War II that many people, both white and African American, migrated from the South to work in the factories. Though always a diverse state, Michigan by 1940 was among the most diverse in the country. With boom and bust cycles in the industrial economy, combined with cultures of intolerance, the population had its stresses—most notably manifested in the Detroit racial disturbances of 1943. There was also an elegance that emerged in Detroit and other cities in the 1920s. Detroit, a prosperous city and the fourth largest in America, built monuments, parks, museums, libraries, office towers, and great estates. During this time, stately houses were built in Grosse Pointe, Flint, Pontiac, Grand Rapids, and other industrial towns emblematic of the fruits of the new automobile industry. With railroads and highways leading north, grand houses and hotels appeared on the lakeshore along the coastline of Upper Michigan, a precursor to the vigorous travel industry that would emerge in the later half of the twentieth century.

As the industrial capacity of the state developed, so, too, did the size of the labor force. There had been tensions from the start, as indicated by the Grand Rapids Furniture strike of 1912, and the attempts to unionize the cereal industry in Battle Creek. Michigan became a real bulwark for the labor movement, with the establishment of the United Automobile Workers (UAW) in 1935. There had been a series of strikes and protests brought on by the severe economic depression of the 1930s. However, the "sit-down strike" of 1936–1937 in Flint was the event that brought recognition to the UAW as the sole bargaining representative for workers at General Motors. Soon thereafter, the union represented all workers employed with Ford Motor Company and other smaller firms.

By the 1930s, Michigan had an enormous industrial capacity. As a result, the effects of the depression were particularly difficult. A variety of voices emerged in the state. Frank Murphy became an early advocate of New Deal reform, first as mayor of Detroit (1930–1933) and later as governor (1937–1938). He eagerly worked with Franklin D. Roosevelt to establish governmental assistance to the many unemployed and dislocated. Another voice that arose from Detroit was that of Rev. Charles Coughlin. This Roman Catholic priest, from his pulpit in Royal Oak, Michigan, gained a huge national following for his radio broadcasts. At first a supporter of the New Deal, he was later discredited as his critiques became more harsh and anti-Semitic. Henry Ford, too, weighed in with extensive critiques in his Dearborn Independent, pushing his own particular notions of American values, which he was able to exemplify in his three-dimensional recreation of the ideal American environment at his museum he called "Greenfield Village."

The end of World War II brought a rebirth of the strength of the Democratic Party in the state. Neil Staebler was the architect of a new strategy of reaching out to each segment of the population, combined with a high sense of morality in politics. G. Mennen Williams, known as "Soapy" because he was heir to the Mennen soap fortune, was the party's candidate for governor in 1948. Narrowly elected, he was able to establish the newly defined party and stay in office for six consecutive terms through 1960. Among his many achievements was the completion of the bridge at the straits of Mackinac in 1957, which linked the two peninsulas of the state.

Unionization proved an economic benefit for the state and set the foundation for middle-class prosperity that had a huge impact on Flint, Pontiac, Ypsilanti, as well as Detroit and its suburbs. The post–World War II economy was booming, bringing higher wages, new roads, and the automobile, significantly changing the urban and social landscape of the state. Many people in the cities relocated to the newly developed suburbs. The movement involved prosperous white residents almost entirely, leaving older residents and those of African American descent with in the city limits. This exacerbated a racial divide that increasingly defined city and state politics. The population of Detroit began to decline until, in the year 2000, it was nearly half its high point of 1,849,568 in 1950. New shopping malls siphoned the retail trade from the city centers. The once elegant streets of downtown Flint, Grand Rapids, and Detroit became relatively sparsely populated.

This isolation of race and poverty with in the cities erupted in a series of violent confrontations in 1967. Detroit's riot captured national attention; there were also disturbances in Pontiac, Flint, Grand Rapids, Lansing, and Kalamazoo, all of which further encouraged the abandonment of the cities. At the same time, throughout the latter half of the twentieth century the state population steadily grew, mostly in new suburban subdivisions, to the point that cities such as Southfield, Birmingham, Troy, Ann Arbor, and East Grand Rapids took on functions formerly associated with older urban downtowns. Also, a general prosperity in the Midwest increased the demand for lakefront property. A continuing building boom transformed Petoskey, Harbor Springs, Charlevoix, Traverse City, and Alpena.

The prosperity of the state, however, suffered in the later decades of the twentieth century. The lumber was exhausted, as were the mines of the Upper Peninsula. The value of agricultural production was at the same level as in the 1920s. The furniture industry had moved south, and foreign competition had severely challenged the automotive industry. Michigan became the very symbol of the "rust belt," with aging factories and a seeming inability to compete in a new global economy. Under George Romney and William Milliken, the Republican Party controlled the governorship from 1963 through 1983. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the state's economy was in deep recession. A split in the state's Republican Party led to the election of the Democrat James Blanchard as the state continued a struggle to regain competitiveness in its old industries, while trying to diversify its economic base. In 1990, Republicans regained the governorship under John Engler, a representative of the more conservative wing of the party. His program of vigorous cost cutting and welfare reform, combined with the general economic boom in the country as a whole, restored Michigan to the point that, in 1993, it had achieved more growth than any industrial state in the union.

By the turn of the twenty-first century, the economy had rebounded due to the internationalization of the automobile industry, the development of high-tech activities, and the persistent growth of the tourist industry based on the state's extensive lakeshore. Michigan contained a large number of prosperous towns, characterized by new office buildings and a high rate of new residential construction. There were important initiatives to revive old downtowns, most notably with new cultural facilities in Grand Rapids and Detroit; the latter city also built a new stadium for major league baseball. The new century, however, brought new challenges. A stalled economy revived the need for cost cutting in state government and in the corporate sector. The effects of the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., on 11 September 2001 had a particular impact on the state of Michigan, which, in Dearborn, had the largest Arab American community in the country. The slowed economy, coupled with the national tragedies, again focused attention on the diversity of Michigan's population and on the historic reliance of the state on a single industry.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dunbar, Willis, and George May. Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State. 3d rev. ed. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 1995.

Kern, John. A Short History of Michigan. Lansing: Michigan Department of State, 1977.

Hathaway, Richard J., ed. Michigan: Visions of Our Past. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1989.

Poremba, David Lee, ed. Detroit in Its World Setting: A Three-Hundred Year Chronology. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 2001.

Francis X.Blouin

Dictionary of American History Blouin, Francis X.

Michigan

views updated May 18 2018

MICHIGAN

MICHIGAN , one of the N. central states of the U.S. In 2001 there were an estimated 110,000 Jews among the 9,952,000 citizens of Michigan.

Michigan has been home to Jews since 1761, when the first Jewish settler, Ezekiel Solomon, came as a fur trader and supplier to the British troops in the strategic wilderness outpost at Fort Michilimackinac.

Chapman Abraham, one of Solomon's partners, is the first known Jewish resident in Fort Detroit, held by the British. By 1762 he was bringing furs and needed goods in flotillas of voyageur canoes back and forth on the hazardous water route from Montreal. While residing most of the year in Michigan, both Solomon and Abraham remained members of the Montreal congregation, Shearith Israel. During Chief Pontiac's 1763 native uprising against the British, they each were captured and imprisoned, but eventually released. These two pioneer Jewish fur traders are recognized by Michigan Historical Markers placed by the Jewish Historical Society of Michigan.

Years before the American Revolution, Ezekiel Solomon, Chapman Abraham, and their other Jewish trading partners, Gershon Levi, Benjamin Lyon, and Levi Solomons, are credited with helping to "push back the wilderness of the Great Lakes country," and open up the continent for settlement. The British did not leave Michigan until 1796.

The completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, the laying of the railroads by 1848, and boat traffic on the Great Lakes opened up the route to Michigan. Moreover, the early promise of freedom of religion in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and free public education attracted Jewish immigrants. As the fur trade had brought Jews to Michigan in the 18^th century, Michigan's prosperous lumber and mining industries offered economic opportunities during the late 19^th and early

20^th centuries. Jewish immigrant entrepreneurs fanned out to peddle needed supplies to the lumber and mining camps and farms in the wilderness of both the upper and lower peninsulas. These peddlers provided a needed alternative to the lumber barons' "company store." They became active citizens of their new communities and established Jewish cemeteries and synagogues in order to maintain their Jewish heritage. Their beginnings as peddlers often developed into prosperous mercantile businesses.

Michigan was declared a state in 1837. Ann Arbor was the first Michigan community where a colony of Jews settled in the 1840s, during the German-Jewish immigration. The five Weil brothers and their parents arrived in 1845; they conducted Sabbath and holiday services in their home. Michigan's first Jewish cemetery was established in 1848/9. The site is on the east lawn of University of Michigan's Rackham Building, noted with a historical plaque.

Starting out as farmers and peddlers, the Weil brothers later operated a prosperous tannery with over 100 employees. Jacob Weil, educated in European universities and a rabbi, was elected alderman in Ann Arbor and invited to the faculty of the University of Michigan, which he declined in order to continue as president of the family tannery firm. By 1873 the Weils had moved to Chicago to expand their business, J. Weil and Bros.

Jewish immigrant families followed the route of the railroad across southern Michigan to Chicago, establishing themselves in the mid-19^th century not only in Ann Arbor, but also in Ypsilanti, Jackson, and Kalamazoo. Maurice Heuman was elected mayor of Jackson, Samuel Folz in Kalamazoo.

A Historical Marker in Kalamazoo honors arctic pioneer Edward Israel, a University of Michigan graduate, who served in 1881 as scientist on the nation's first polar expedition led by Lt. A.W. Greely. Along with 18 of the 25 expedition members, Israel perished of starvation after severe storms in the third winter of the expedition.

By 1845 the families of German immigrants Samuel Leopold and Julian Austrian, sailing their one-masted sloop to Mackinac, established a pioneer fishing business – which soon shipped as much as 1,000 barrels of salted fish to cities around the Great Lakes, including Cleveland. They became owners of a large fleet of sailing vessels, and after the discovery of copper in the Upper Peninsula, opened shops in five towns across the peninsula.

Jake Steinberg, Gustave Rosenthal, and Moses Winkleman operated successful stores in different "U.P." towns, supplying the many lumberjacks and miners and their families. "Winkleman's" grew to a large chain of shops for women's apparel.

An observant Jew who closed his store on the High Holidays, William Saulson operated the prosperous "People's Store" in St. Ignace. In 1888, he was elected Mayor of St. Ignace. In an ad published in 1884, Saulson proposed the building of the Mackinac Bridge, which opened 75 years later, in 1958. The five-mile-long suspension bridge linking the two peninsulas was designed by engineering genius David Steinman; Lawrence Rubin was the executive secretary of the Mackinac Bridge Authority.

Bavarian-born Dr. Frederick L. Hirschman, an 1873 graduate of one of the first classes of the Detroit College of Medicine, went to the Upper Peninsula to combat the smallpox epidemic there, and remained a doctor to the Republic Mines until his early death at the age of 38.

By 1903, at the far western end of the Upper Peninsula, Russian Polish immigrants Harry and Sam Cohodas first opened fruit markets in Houghton, Hancock, and Calumet. These developed into the nation's third largest wholesale produce business. The Cohodas family became nationally known for its philanthropy and support of civic and Jewish causes. Temple Jacob opened in Hancock in 1912, named for merchant Jacob Gartner, and still serves the Jewish students and faculty of Michigan Technological University.

Supplying five million board feet annually for the building of the nation's homes and factories, "white pine was king" in Michigan until about 1910, when the valuable forests had been stripped. In the late 18^th and early 19^th centuries, Jews followed the centers of lumbering, from Bay City and Saginaw on the state's eastern side to Grand Rapids, Traverse City, and Muskegon on the western shore, and, as mentioned, crossing over to the Upper Peninsula. A successful work shirt manufacturer, immigrant Julius Houseman first was elected mayor of Grand Rapids, then to the Michigan State Legislature, and in 1883 to the U.S. House of Representatives. He was the only Michigan Jew to serve as United States Congressman until a century later, with the elections of Howard Wolpe and Sander Levin.

Peddler Julius Steinberg from Souvalk, Poland, settled in Traverse City, where he soon built a prosperous clothing and dry goods store, and in 1894 opened an elegant two-story Grand Opera House on top of his store – known as "the finest opera house north of Chicago."

"The oldest synagogue building in continuous use," according to the Michigan Historical Commission, opened in Traverse City in 1885. A second synagogue was founded in 1896 in nearby Petoskey. Both continue in active use, serving local Jews as well as summer and winter vacationers.

A port on Lake Michigan, Muskegon survived the decline of lumbering by building foundries and factories to supply the emerging auto industry of the early 20^th century. The Muskegon Scrap Metal Co. was run by Henry, Harry, and Isadore Rubinsky. In nearby Holland, Padnos Iron and Steel grew into an essential supplier to industry; the Padnoses are prominent philanthropists in the state. Later, in 1933, World War i veterans Harold and Leo Rosen opened the American Grease Stick Company, a major supplier of solid lubricants to the auto industry. The Muskegon Jewish House of Worship was dedicated in 1948.

In the 1890s, Russian Polish Jewish immigrants established a "Palestine Colony" at Bad Axe in Michigan's "Thumb" area, which unfortunately did not survive the economic "Panic" of that decade. Later, the Sunrise Cooperative Farm Community, of close to 100 families, supplied mint to Parke Davis pharmaceutical, but only lasted from 1933 to 1938. In the fruit belt of southwestern Michigan, a number of Jews established farms; the Ben Rosenberg family remained as successful farmers and community leaders for three generations. Nearby South Haven, on the shores of Lake Michigan, became known as the "Catskills of the Midwest." For three decades before World War ii, Jewish immigrant families ran more than 60 resorts there, attracting thousands from Chicago and the Midwest.

By 1850 in Detroit, 12 Orthodox men formed Detroit's first Jewish congregation, the Beth El Society. In a characteristic pattern, they hired a rabbi, Rabbi Samuel Marcus, who for $200 a year also served as the mohel, the shohet, the cantor, the teacher of the children, and the judge to settle community disputes. They rented a room in which to meet, set up a school, bought land for a cemetery, arranged for traditional burials, and formed societies to care for the sick, the poor, and the widows and orphans. Rabbi Marcus died in the cholera epidemic of 1854.

When the Beth El Society adopted the Reform ritual advocated by Cincinnati's Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, in 1861 17 traditionalists withdrew to form the Shaarey Zedek Society. Today these two congregations are among the country's largest and most active, and both are recognized with Michigan Historical Markers.

In the time before the Civil War, Beth El's Rabbi Leibman Adler was preaching vigorous abolitionist sermons. Ernestine Rose, a Jewish woman who belonged to the national coalition of social reformers, had visited Detroit in 1846 to speak out against slavery as well as child labor, and for women's rights. Temple members Emil Heineman and Mark Sloman were active participants in the Underground Railroad. From the 151 Jewish families in Michigan, 181 men and boys served in the Union Armies; 38 lost their lives in the conflict.

To meet the needs of the growing wave of immigrants, in 1899 Detroit established the United Jewish Charities, under the leadership of Rabbi Leo M. Franklin. This included the Hebrew Free Loan Association, which since 1895 had been helping peddlers with loans of $5 to get them started.

By the early 1900s, an emerging automobile industry was providing additional economic opportunities. Engineer Max Grabowsky and his brother Morris, along with Bernard Ginsburg, formed the Grabowsky Power Wagon Company to manufacture the world's first gasoline-powered truck. Their successful four-story business in Detroit was bought by Will Durant to make up the new General Motors Company. Durant also hired bookkeeper Meyer Prentis who became treasurer of General Motors in 1919. Robert Janeway headed an engineering group for Chrysler for 30 years; A.E. Barit served as president of the Hudson Motor Car Company from 1936 to 1954. Participating in the wave of American inventiveness, in 1903 Rabbi Judah L. Levin received United States patents, and later British and Japanese patents, for his adding and subtracting machine which now is in the collection of the Smithsonian Institute.

However, since Jews were substantially excluded from the executive ranks of the automotive corporations, many Jewish entrepreneurs became suppliers to the industry. Jewish shops, which eventually grew into thriving businesses, supplied manufactured parts, glass, paint, chemicals, textiles, slag, and coveralls and operated laundries for factory uniforms. Max Fisher's Marathon Oil Company recycled and refined used oil. The Industrial Removal Office in New York City sent Jews to Detroit for industrial jobs and for work at the Ford Motor Company for "$5 a day."

Providing a needed voice for the rights of workers, Jews were prominent in the labor movement. Samuel Goldwater was elected president of Detroit's Cigarmakers Union in the 1890s. Later Myra Wolfgang organized the waitresses' union. Many Jewish leaders worked with Walter Reuther in the uaw, including Sam Fishman, Bernard Firestone, and Irving Bluestone, who later served as professor of labor studies in the Economics Department chaired by Professor Samuel Levin at Wayne University. Prominent labor lawyer Maurice Sugar's papers are collected at the Reuther Library at Wayne University.

In 1912, Henry Ford, who was actively antisemitic a decade later, hired architect Albert Kahn to design the first factory to house a continuously moving assembly line to manufacture the Model T. Kahn continued to design Ford factories. Henry Butzel served as chief justice of the Michigan Supreme Court, while his attorney brother Fred became known as "Detroit's Most Valuable Citizen." Charles Simons was appointed justice to the United States Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals; while his brother David was elected to Detroit's first nine-man city council in 1914.

In the 1990s, with a total Michigan population of 9,478,000, there were 107,000 Jews statewide, with a Jewish population of 96,000 in metropolitan Detroit, the greater majority in the nearby Oakland County suburbs. It is anticipated that more current studies will show a greater degree of spread to additional nearby communities as well as a decline in the Metro Detroit Jewish population.

An estimated 200,000 Muslims live in Metro Detroit, many concentrated in Dearborn. The local American Jewish Committee, the Anti-Defamation League, and the Jewish Community Council are each involved in outreach activities between local Muslims and Jews.

Carl *Levin served as United States Senator, elected four times from 1978.

His brother, Sander, was re-elected to the House of Representatives from 1982. A leader of the statewide Democratic ticket, Kathleen Straus was elected to the Michigan Board of Education and served as president. Community activist David Hermelin was appointed by President Bill Clinton as ambassador to Norway, where he served until his untimely death. Florine Mark, founder of Weight Watchers in Michigan and a philanthropic leader, is in the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame. William *Davidson, a third generation Detroiter, is the owner of the Detroit Pistons, the Detroit Shock, and the Tampa Bay Lightning; chairman of glass manufacturer Guardian Industries, Inc; he is a major philanthropist taking a special interest in Jewish education. The patriarch of the Jewish community, Max *Fisher, who passed away in 2004, was recognized as the "dean of American Jewry" and was acknowledged by United States presidents as a "world citizen."

bibliography:

J.L. Cantor, Jews in Michigan (2001); I.I. Katz, The Beth El Story (1955). website: michigan jewish history:www.michjewishhistory.com. See complete texts: Jewish Historical Society of Michigan, vol. 10, 1970, Graff, George, "Michigan's Jewish Settlers"; vol. 23, #1, #2, 1983. Aminoff, Helen "First Jews of Ann Arbor"; vol. 30, 1989. "Historical Markers"; vol. 38, 1998. Elstein, Rochelle. "Jews of Houghton-Hancock…"; vol. 42, 2002. Teasdle, Holly. "Jewish Farming in Michigan"; vol. 42, 2002. Wamsley, Douglas. "Michigan's Arctic Pioneer: Edward Israel and the Greeley Expedition"; vol. 44, 2004. Rose, Emily. "Ann Arbor…"

[Judith L. Cantor (2^nd ed.)]

Encyclopaedia Judaica Cantor, Judith

Michigan

views updated May 17 2018

Michigan

College Blue Book

Michigan

views updated May 18 2018

MICHIGAN

With its scenic countryside and decaying cities, its union-supported liberalism and church-based conservatism, and its strife and cooperation between African Americans and whites, Michigan has mirrored significant trends in U.S. history. A Midwestern state shaped and defined by the automobile, which also shaped and defined American life in the twentieth century, Michigan has likewise mirrored important trends in America's queer past. Since World War II, the experiences of LGBT Michiganders have reflected and often influenced major social and political developments among LGBT people nationwide.

Pre-Stonewall LGBT Life

As the state's largest city and the "Arsenal of Democracy" during World War II, Detroit served as an early focal point of gay life in Michigan. By the 1950s, the Ten Eleven, the Gold Dollar, the Sweetheart Bar, La Rosa's, the Palais, and other white working-class bars clustered near the downtown radius from which the city's main roadways fanned out of the city. As the African American population grew and many whites migrated to the suburbs, gay bars such as the Woodward and the Brass Rail spread out along the city's thoroughfares. The Escape Lounge, a dance club that opened in a shopping center miles from the city center in the mid-1960s, attracted a more middle-class crowd. The Interchange, with easy access to the nearby Lodge Freeway and Interstate 94, opened in 1969 and soon became home to Detroit's first leather groups, the Tribe and the Selectmen.

In the deeply segregated city, African American LGB people developed a separate queer culture. Black gay men found safe space in female impersonation revues at popular nightspots like the Club Casbah and Uncle Tom's Plantation during the drag craze of the early 1950s. From the 1940s through the 1960s, lesbian Ruth Ellis provided an important social outlet for black women and men "in the life" through private house parties at her Oakland Avenue home.

During the 1950s in Flint, at the time Michigan's second largest city, widely dispersed gay and bisexual men utilized the very automobiles they helped manufacture to reach downtown gay meeting places like the tearoom at the Greyhound bus station, the parking lot of Herrlich's Drug Store, and Melva Earhart's State Bar on Union Street. The car functioned not only as a vehicle for reaching queer locales, but also as an important gay site itself, used for cruising pedestrians and other drivers, its cushy seats a convenient place for sexual encounters. By the late 1950s and early 1960s, less populated Michigan cities proved large enough to support such long-lived lesbian and gay bars as the Flame in Ann Arbor, Papa Joe's in Grand Rapids, and Dutch's in Saginaw. The small town of Saugatuck, an old artist's colony on the coast of Lake Michigan, became a popular summer retreat for gays from Chicago.

As with Cold War attacks on homosexuality throughout the United States, Michigan politicians and police targeted still largely hidden LGB communities during the 1950s. As part of a nationwide sex crime panic, Democratic Governor G. Mennen Williams appointed the Governor's Commission on the Deviated Criminal Sex Offender, which recommended harsher laws for sex crimes—laws promptly enacted by the state legislature. Detroit police harassment of gay men culminated in the high profile "morals" arrests of African American cult leader Prophet Jones at his home in 1956 and pop singer Johnnie Ray outside the Brass Rail in 1959.

Meanwhile, administrators at the University of Michigan (UM) in Ann Arbor pressured lesbian students to withdraw from the university and cooperated with police in widely reported raids on homosexual activity in campus rest rooms. Similar crackdowns took place at Michigan State University (MSU) in East Lansing and at Wayne State University in Detroit. Despite the harassment by university officials, Michigan college campuses proved to be crucial settings for the creation of LGB friendship networks of students and faculty alike and, consequently, for organizing for social change. Ten years before the Stonewall Riots, Wayne State students Hal Lawson, David Brewer, and Jai Moore led a short-lived Detroit chapter of the Mattachine Society from 1958 to 1960.

Gay Liberation and Lesbian Separatism

Inspired by the explosion of radical activism that followed the Stonewall Riots, gay liberation groups achieved noteworthy institutional and legal breakthroughs in Michigan in the early 1970s. LGB campus organizations emerged at smaller public universities such as Western Michigan in Kalamazoo, Central Michigan in Mount Pleasant, and Grand Valley State in Allendale, as well as the larger Wayne State, MSU, and UM.

Ann Arbor, the home of Students for Democratic Society and a sizable anti–Vietnam War movement, was a particularly fertile ground for the Gay Liberation Front (GLF). In defiance of UM President Robben Fleming, GLF held a conference on homosexuality on campus in 1970, followed over the next few years by various protests, guerilla theater, and "zaps" of unfriendly bars, all aimed at ending the silence of LGB life. In November 1971, activists helped secure the establishment at UM of the Human Sexuality Office, reportedly the first such office in the country, with GLF member Jim Toy and Radicalesbian Cyndi Gair hired as the first "gay advocates."

Collegiate rival cities Ann Arbor and East Lansing enacted pioneering nondiscrimination ordinances in 1972, the same year that Nancy Wechsler and Jerry DeGriek, Human Rights Party members of the Ann Arbor City Council, came out of the closet and became two of the earliest openly lesbian and gay elected officials in the United States. Gay hippie activists in Detroit founded the Gay Liberator in 1970 and in June 1972 held the state's first queer march down Woodward Avenue. Two years later, Detroit voters approved a new city charter that included civil rights protections for lesbians and gays.

Separate from the male-dominated gay liberation movement, influential pockets of lesbian feminists in several Michigan cities engaged in community building throughout the 1970s, founding cooperative businesses such as A Woman's Bookstore in Ann Arbor, starting publications such as Lesbian Connection in Lansing, and advancing women's music through radio programs such as "Face the Music" in Flint. In 1974, Marilyn Frye began teaching a feminist philosophy course at MSU, and in 1978, lesbians across the state mobilized financial support for the successful court battle of Margareth Miller to keep custody of her daughter Jillian. Inspired by the Boston Women's Music Festival, Lisa Vogel and friends organized the first Michigan Womyn's Music Festival (MWMF) in 1976. The internationally renowned celebration of women's culture drew thousands of pilgrims to 650 acres of land in northern Michigan each summer.

Political schisms within LGB communities demonstrated that community beliefs were far from uniform. How best to challenge patriarchy was highly contested: for example, many Radicalesbians in Ann Arbor decried the prevalent use of drag by gay men as sexist, yet others did not. Some lesbians who worked in a local massage parlor mobilized local sex workers in the late 1970s to protest working conditions and to decriminalize prostitution; other lesbians found this objectionable. Two decades later, the MWMF saw its policy of admitting only biologically born women come under fire. In response to the expulsion of transsexuals, a number of transsexual women and their allies set up Camp Trans outside the gate to the festival in 1993 to protest. The following year, festival producers altered their stance, announcing that the decision of whether attendees were womyn-born womyn would be left to the individual. This, in effect, permitted entrance to transsexuals who felt they had always been female.

Into the Mainstream

The liberation impulse subsided in the mid-1970s as LGB people in Michigan increasingly entered the mainstream. The Association of Suburban People, founded in 1975, became the first notable post-liberation LGB organization in the Detroit metro area. As the number of LGB bars in Detroit doubled in the 1970s—several, like Bookie's and Menjo's, locating along Six Mile Road—white gay men created a gentrified enclave next to Palmer Park. Then, over the next two decades, gays all but abandoned the area as many gay men died of AIDS and others moved to suburbs such as Royal Oak and Ferndale, returning to the Motor City only to bar hop. Ferndale emerged as the new nucleus of Detroit-area LGB life by the late 1980s, when Affirmations Community Center, the Midwest AIDS Prevention Project, and Cruise magazine all located on the other side of Detroit's Eight Mile Road boundary.

Elsewhere in Michigan, LGB people asserted a more visible presence within smaller municipalities through Metropolitan Community Church congregations, chapters of Dignity and Integrity, and various political social organizations like the Lansing Association of Human Rights, the Celery City Men's Club, Ann Arbor Front-runners, and Friends North. Following the 1987 March on Washington, a group of Grand Rapids organizers founded a community center called the Network, soon hosting weekly discussion groups and raising funds for a building on the city's northeast side. One Grand Rapids lesbian remade her neighborhood by purchasing and renovating nearby houses, then renting them to lesbian and straight female friends. She discreetly reshaped her residential street based on a vision of sexual identity and community while purposely resisting white flight to the suburbs.

In October 1977, gay men and lesbian women from across the state came together to form the Michigan Organization for Human Rights (MOHR), which during the 1980s targeted oppression through traditional political mechanisms such as a partially successful court challenge to the state sodomy law and an unsuccessful effort to include sexual orientation in the state's civil rights laws. When MOHR disbanded in the early 1990s, the Triangle Foundation stepped in to continue the quest for equal rights. Triangle's executive director Jeffrey Montgomery played a national role in fighting hate crimes, lobbying Congress, and monitoring the 1995 Oakland County trial of Jonathan Schmitz for the murder of Scott Amedure after the two appeared together on the Jenny Jones Show.

The first known cases of AIDS appeared in Michigan in 1982. A year later Evelyn Fisher, an infectious disease specialist at Henry Ford Hospital, joined with a group of concerned gay men to form Wellness Networks, later AIDS Partnership Michigan. Volunteerism and government funding soon supported HIV and AIDS service organizations elsewhere in the state. Responding to the need for AIDS services specifically targeted to African American gay and bisexual men, the Detroit Health Department initiated the Community Health Awareness Group in 1985.

Leaving behind the invisibility afforded by private house parties, Detroit's African American LGB people during the 1980s and 1990s created numerous formal organizations, from the Men of Color Motivation Group and the A. Lorde Collective to the annual celebration Hotter Than July and Kick! magazine. In 1984, Off Broadway East opened on Harper. Renee McCoy, executive director of the National Coalition of Black Lesbians and Gays, became founding pastor of Full Truth Unity Fellowship Church in 1989. Still largely segregated from their white counterparts, queer blacks nonetheless pursued similar avenues to mainstream acceptance through social, cultural, and religious institutions.

As fear of AIDS and stigmatization of LGB people gave way to increasing, often begrudging, tolerance, Michigan queers gained new political savvy. In the early 1990s, a Colorado-like anti-LGB ballot proposal launched by a Bay City fish farmer failed through a successful counterattack by the Michigan Campaign for Human Dignity and because Republican Governor John Engler opposed the measure; he feared a loss of tourist dollars. Although Lansing and Ferndale voters overturned nondiscrimination ordinances in the late 1990s, Ypsilanti's ordinance twice survived efforts to repeal it by ballot initiative in 1997 and 2002.

Perhaps the most significant mainstreaming of LGB life in Michigan occurred in the workplace, particularly within the automobile industry due to the shifting attitudes of corporate brass and within the United Auto Workers. While a few gay and bisexual men expressed their sexuality in the shop even before Stonewall—through cross-dressing, flirtation, and trysts—most gay and bisexual men remained closeted at work throughout the 1970s and 1980s. A series of events, including the coming out of retired Ford Vice President Alan Gilmour in Michigan's LGBT newspaper Between the Lines in 1996, persistent agitation by queer employees like Ron Woods, and pressure from shareholders, led the industry to include nondiscrimination clauses in union contracts in the late 1990s. In 2000, the big three automakers went a step further, extending domestic partnership benefits to its white-collar and blue-collar workforce throughout the United States.

Bibliography

Allison, April. "A Rich Heritage: The History of Lesbians and Gay Men at Michigan State University." In Moving Forward: Lesbians and Gay Men at Michigan State University. Vol. 1. East Lansing: Michigan State University, 1992.

Chauncey, George. "The Postwar Sex Crime Panic." In True Stories from the American Past. Edited by William Graebner. New York: HarperCollins, 1993.

Frank, Miriam. "Coming Out at the Point of Production: Queer Male Auto Workers." Paper presented at the 21st Annual North American Labor History Conference, Wayne State University, 17–19 October 2002.

Lavender Information and Library Association. Artifacts and Disclosures: Michigan's Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Heritage. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan School of Information, 2000 [cited 1 November 2002]. Available from www.lgbtheritage.org

Peake, Linda. "'Race' and Sexuality: Challenging the Patriarchal Structuring of Urban Social Space." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 11 (1993): 415–432.

Retzloff, Tim. "Cars and Bars: Assembling Gay Men in Postwar Flint, Michigan." In Creating a Place for Ourselves: Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Community Histories. Edited by Brett Beemyn. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Retzloff, Tim. "Gay Liberation: When Michigan Tore Out of the Closets and Into the Streets." Between the Lines (June 1994): 10–11.

Rubin, Gayle S., with Karen Miller. "Revisioning Ann Arbor's Radical Past: An Interview with Gayle S. Rubin." Michigan Feminist Studies 12 (1997–98): 91–108.

Thorpe, Rochella. "'A House Where Queers Go': African American Lesbian Nightlife in Detroit, 1940–1975." In Inventing Lesbian Cultures in America. Edited by Ellen Lewin. Boston: Beacon Press, 1996.

Thorpe, Roey. "The Changing Face of Lesbian Bars in Detroit, 1938–1965." In Creating a Place for Ourselves: Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Community Histories. Edited by Brett Beemyn. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Tsang, Daniel. "Ann Arbor Gay Purges." Midwest Gay Academic Journal 1, no. 1 (1977): 13–19.

Tim Retzloff

see alsobrant, beth; femmes and butches; hart, pearl; jones, prophet; legg, dorr; lesbian connection; music: women's festivals; tsang, daniel.

Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender History in America, 1st Edition