Tennessee

views updated May 29 2018

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $100.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Student-run newspaper. College housing not available.

■ ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (NASHVILLE) C-10

2845 Elm Hill Pike
Nashville, TN 37214-3717
Tel: (615)889-8700
Fax: (615)872-7209
Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/

Description:

Proprietary, primarily 2-year, coed. Part of ITT Educational Services, Inc. Awards terminal associate and bachelor's degrees. Founded 1984. Setting: 21-acre urban campus. Core.

Entrance Requirements:

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $100.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. College housing not available.

■ JACKSON STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE E-5

2046 North Parkway
Jackson, TN 38301-3797
Tel: (731)424-3520
Admissions: (731)425-2644
Fax: (731)425-2647
E-mail: mray@jscc.edu
Web Site: http://www.jscc.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of Tennessee Board of Regents. Awards certificates, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1967. Setting: 104-acre small town campus. Endowment: $672,925. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $3694 per student. Total enrollment: 3,866. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 22:1. 1,273 applied, 84% were admitted. Full-time: 2,048 students, 62% women, 38% men. Part-time: 1,818 students, 69% women, 31% men. Students come from 9 states and territories, 0.2% from out-of-state, 0.2% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 18% black, 0.4% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0.1% international, 43% 25 or older, 18% transferred in. Retention: 56% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, honors program, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for allied health programs. Options: electronic application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: ACT, COMPASS. Required for some: high school transcript. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: 8/29. Notification: continuous. Preference given to state residents.

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Recommended: essay, interview. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: 8/26. Notification: continuous.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group. Social organizations: 8 open to all. Most popular organizations: Student Christian Association, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Drama Club, International Club, Students for Environment Awareness. Major annual events: Luau, Boo-Out, exam breakfasts. Campus security: controlled dormitory access. 402 college housing spaces available; 186 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Warden Memorial Library with 84,000 books, 19,000 microform titles, 664 serials, 996 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $211,044. 61 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Located in south-central Tennessee where the climate is mild, Pulaski, between Nashville, Tennessee, and Huntsville, Alabama, is a small, friendly town with much civic pride.

Orientation program. Major annual event: semi-professional baseball game. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. College housing not available. John W. Neth, Jr. Library with 16,000 books and an OPAC. 3 computers available on campus for general student use.

College Blue Book

Tennessee

views updated May 18 2018

Tennessee

State of Tennessee

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: Probably derived from Indian name Tenase, which was the principal village of the Cherokee.

NICKNAME: The Volunteer State.

CAPITAL: Nashville.

ENTERED UNION: 1 June 1796 (16th).

SONG: "When It's Iris Time in Tennessee;" "The Tennessee Waltz;" "My Homeland, Tennessee;" "Rocky Top;" "My Tennessee;" "Tennessee;" The Pride of Tennessee."

MOTTO: Agriculture and Commerce.

FLAG: On a crimson field separated by a white border from a blue bar at the fly, three white stars on a blue circle edged in white represent the state's three main general divisions—East, Middle, and West Tennessee.

OFFICIAL SEAL: The upper half consists of the word "Agriculture," a plow, a sheaf of wheat, a cotton plant, and the roman numeral XVI, signifying the order of entry into the Union. The lower half comprises the word "Commerce" and a boat. The words "The Great Seal of the State of Tennessee 1796" surround the whole. The date commemorates the passage of the state constitution.

BIRD: Mockingbird.

FLOWER: Iris (cultivated); Passion flower (wild flower).

TREE: Tulip poplar.

GEM: Freshwater pearl.

LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Presidents' Day, 3rd Monday in February; Good Friday, Friday before Easter, March or April; Memorial Day, last Monday in May; Independence Day, 4 July; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Columbus Day, 2nd Monday in October (sometimes observed the day after Thanksgiving at the governor's discretion); Veterans' Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November; Christmas Day, 25 December.

TIME: 7 AM EST = noon GMT; 6 AM CST = noon GMT.

LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENT

Situated in the eastern south-central United States, Tennessee ranks 34th in size among the 50 states.

The total area of the state is 42,144 sq mi (109,152 sq km), of which land occupies 41,155 sq mi (106,591 sq km) and inland water 989 sq mi (2,561 sq km). Tennessee extends about 430 mi (690 km) e-w and 110 mi (180 km) n-s.

Tennessee is bordered on the n by Kentucky and Virginia; on the e by North Carolina; on the s by Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi; and on the w by Arkansas and Missouri (with the line formed by the Mississippi River). The boundary length of Tennessee totals 1,306 mi (2,102 km). The state's geographic center lies in Rutherford County, 5 mi (8 km) ne of Murfreesboro.

TOPOGRAPHY

Long, narrow, and rhomboidal, Tennessee is divided topographically into six major physical regions: the Unaka Mountains, the Great Valley of East Tennessee, the Cumberland Plateau, the Highland Rim, the Central Basin, and the Gulf Coastal Plain. In addition, there are two minor physical regions: the Western Valley of the Tennessee River and the Mississippi Flood Plains.

The easternmost region is the Unaka Mountains, part of the Appalachian chain. The Unakas actually include several ranges, the most notable of which is the Great Smoky Mountains. The region constitutes the highest and most rugged surface in the state and covers an area of about 2,600 sq mi (6,700 sq km). Several peaks reach a height of 6,000 ft (1,800 m) or more: the tallest is Clingmans Dome in the Great Smokies, which rises to 6,643 ft (2,026 m) and is the highest point in the state. The mean elevation of the state is approximately 900 ft (275 m).

Lying due west of the Unakas is the Great Valley of East Tennessee. Extending from southwestern Virginia into northern Georgia, the Great Valley is a segment of the Ridge and Valley province of the Appalachian Highlands, which reach from New York into Alabama. This region, consisting of long, narrow ridges with broad valleys between them, covers more than 9,000 sq mi (23,000 sq km) of Tennessee. Since the coming of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in 1933, the area has been dotted with artificial lakes and dams, which supply electric power and aid in flood control.

The Cumberland Plateau, which extends in its entirety from southern Kentucky into central Alabama, has an area of about 5,400 sq mi (14,000 sq km) in Middle Tennessee. The plateau is a region of contrasts, including both the Cumberland Mountains, which rise to a height of 3,500 ft (1,100 m), and the Sequatchie Valley, the floor of which lies about 1,000 ft (300 m) below the surface of the adjoining plateau.

The Highland Rim, also in Middle Tennessee, is the state's largest natural region, consisting of more than 12,500 sq mi (32,400 sq km) and encircling the Central Basin. The eastern section is a gently rolling plain some 1,000 ft (300 m) lower than the Cumberland Plateau. The western part has an even lower elevation and sinks gently toward the Tennessee River.

The Central Basin, an oval depression with a gently rolling surface, has been compared to the bottom of an oval dish, of which the Highland Rim forms the broad, flat brim. With its rich soil, the region has attracted people from the earliest days of European settlement and is more densely populated than any other area in the state.

The westernmost of the major regions is the Gulf Coastal Plain. It embraces practically all of West Tennessee and covers an area of 9,000 sq mi (23,000 sq km). It is a broad plain, sloping gradually westward until it ends abruptly at the bluffs overlooking the Mississippi Flood Plains. In the northwest corner is Reelfoot Lake, the only natural lake of significance in the state, formed by a series of earthquakes in 1811 and 1812. The state's lowest point, 178 ft (54 m) above sea level, is on the banks of the Mississippi in the southwest.

Most of the state is drained by the Mississippi River system. Waters from the two longest rivers—the Tennessee, with a total length of 652 mi (1,049 km), and the Cumberland, which is 687 mi (1,106 km) long—flow into the Ohio River in Kentucky and join the Mississippi at Cairo, Illinois. Formed a few miles north of Knoxville by the confluence of the Holston and French Broad rivers, the Tennessee flows southwestward through the Great Valley into northern Alabama, then curves back into the state and flows northward into Kentucky. Other tributaries of the Tennessee are the Clinch, Duck, Elk, Hiwassee, and Sequatchie rivers. The Cumberland River rises in southeastern Kentucky, flows across central Tennessee, and then turns northward back into Kentucky; its principal tributaries are the Harpeth, Red, Obey, Caney Fork, and Stones rivers and Yellow Creek. In the western part of the state, the Forked Deer and Wolf rivers are among those flowing into the Mississippi, which forms the western border with Missouri and Arkansas.

CLIMATE

Generally, Tennessee has a temperate climate, with warm summers and mild winters. However, the state's varied topography leads to a wide range of climatic conditions.

The warmest parts of the state, with the longest growing season, are the Gulf Coastal Plain, the Central Basin, and the Sequatchie Valley. In the Memphis area in the southwest, the average date of the last killing frost is 20 March, and the growing season is about 235 days. Memphis has an annual average temperature of 62°f (17°c), 40°f (4°c) in January, and 83°f (28°c) in July. In the Nashville area, the growing season lasts about 225 days. Nashville has an annual average of 60°f (15°c), ranging from 38°f (3°c) in January to 80°f (26°c) in July. The Knoxville area has a growing season of 220 days. The city's annual average temperature is 59°f (15°c), with averages of 38°f (3°c) in January and 78°f (25°c) in July. In some parts of the mountainous east, where the temperatures are considerably lower, the growing season is as short as 130 days. The record high temperature for the state is 113°f (45°c), set at Perryville on 9 August 1930; the record low, −32°f (−36°c), was registered at Mountain City on 30 December 1917.

Severe storms occur infrequently. The greatest rainfall occurs in the winter and early spring, especially March; the early fall months, particularly September and October, are the driest. Average annual precipitation is about 52.4 in (133 cm) in Memphis and 48 in (122 cm) in Nashville. Snowfall varies and is more prevalent in East Tennessee than in the western section; Nashville gets about 10 in (25.4 cm) a year, Memphis only 5 in (12.7 cm).

FLORA AND FAUNA

With its varied terrain and soils, Tennessee has an abundance of flora, including at least 150 kinds of native trees. Tulip poplar (the state tree), shortleaf pine, and chestnut, black, and red oaks are commonly found in the eastern part of the state while the Highland Rim abounds in several varieties of oak, hickory, ash, and pine. Gum maple, black walnut, sycamore, and cottonwood grow in the west, and cypress is plentiful in the Reelfoot Lake area. In East Tennessee, rhododendron, mountain laurel, and wild azalea blossoms create a blaze of color in the mountains. More than 300 native Tennessee plants, including digitalis and ginseng have been utilized for medicinal purposes. In 2006, the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed 19 plant species as threatened or endangered in Tennessee, including the Blue Ridge goldenrod, Cumberland rosemary, Cumberland sandwort, Roan Mountain bluet, and Tennessee purple coneflower.

Tennessee mammals include the raccoon (the state animal), white-tailed deer, black bear, bobcat, muskrat, woodchuck, opossum, and red and gray foxes; the European wild boar was introduced by sportsmen in 1912. More than 250 bird species reside in Tennessee. Bobwhite quail, ruffed grouse, mourning dove, and mallard duck are the most common game birds. The state's 56 amphibian species include numerous frogs, salamanders, and newts; 58 reptile species include three types of rattlesnake. Of the 186 fish species in Tennessee's lakes and streams, catfish, bream, bass, crappie, pike, and trout are the leading game fish.

Tennessee's Wildlife Resources Agency conducts an endangered and threatened species protection program. Sixty-one animal species (vertebrates and invertebrates) were listed as endangered or threatened as of April 2006, including the seven species of darter, gray and Indiana bats, pallid sturgeon, bald eagle, Carolina northern flying squirrel, least tern, and white wartyback pearly mussel. The snail darter, cited by opponents of the Tellico Dam following the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973, is probably Tennessee's most famous threatened species.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Tennessee is historically an agricultural state but is geologically varied with mountains in the east, rolling hills in the central part of the state, and the wide floodplain of the Mississippi in the west.

The Great Smoky Mountains in east Tennessee are sensitive to changes in air quality. In 1997 the state forged an agreement with the US National Park Service and the US Forest Service to ensure that the process for issuing permits for new industries in the area take into account both business and environmental concerns. In 2003, 142.5 million lb of toxic chemicals were released in the state.

The first conservationists were agricultural reformers who, even before the Civil War, recommended terracing to conserve the soil and curtail erosion. Such conservation techniques as crop rotation and contour plowing were discussed at county fairs and other places where farmers gathered. In 1854, the legislature established the State Agricultural Bureau, which sought primarily to protect farmlands from floods. The streams of west Tennessee were extensively channelized for flood control beginning in the late 1800s, with a negative impact on both habitat and cropland. As of 2003, the state was working with local citizens and the US Army Corps of Engineers to reverse this process by restoring the natural meandering flow to the tributaries of the Mississippi.

The Department of Environment and Conservation is responsible for air, land, and water protection in Tennessee. The department also manages the state park system and state natural areas. In 1996, Tennessee had approximately one million acres of wetlands. The Tennessee Wetland Act of 1986 authorized the acquisition of wetlands through the use of real estate taxes. In 1997, the state created four new natural areas.

When many of the first environmental laws were written in the 1970s, pollution of the air and water was widespread and severe. The early laws focused on tough enforcement tools and strict compliance measures to address this problem. In 1993, the Division of Pollution Prevention Assistance was established to provide information and support to industries attempting to reduce their pollution and waste. In 2003, Tennessee had 245 hazardous waste sites listed in the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) database, 13 of which were on the National Priorities List as of 2006, including the Milan Army Ammunition Plant. In 2005, the EPA spent over $2.1 million through the Superfund program for the cleanup of hazardous waste sites in the state. The same year, federal EPA grants awarded to the state included $8.3 million for the drinking water state revolving fund and $15.7 million for loans on projects involving the waste water infrastructure.

POPULATION

Tennessee ranked 16th in population in the United States with an estimated total of 5,962,959 in 2005, an increase of 4.8% since 2000. Between 1990 and 2000, Tennessee's population grew from 4,877,185 to 5,689,283, an increase of 16.7%. The population is projected to reach 6.5 million by 2015 and 7 million by 2025. The population density in 2004 was 143.2 persons per sq mi. In 2004 the median age was 37. Persons under 18 years old accounted for 23.6% of the population while 12.5% was age 65 or older.

The first permanent white settlements in the state were established in the 1760s, when people from North Carolina and Virginia crossed the Unaka Mountains and settled in the fertile valleys. Between 1790 and 1800, the population increased threefold, from 35,690 to 105,600, and it doubled during each of the next two decades. After the Civil War, the population continued to increase, though at a slower rate, tripling between 1870 and 1970.

A pronounced urban trend became apparent after World War II. In 1960, for the first time in the state's history, census figures showed slightly more people living in urban than in rural areas. In the 1990s, approximately 70% of all Tennesseans lived in metropolitan areas. Memphis is the state's largest city; in 2004, it had an estimated population of 671,929. Nashville-Davidson had a population of 546,719, followed by Knoxville, 178,118, and Chattanooga, 154,853. The Memphis metropolitan area, including parts of Arkansas and Mississippi, had an estimated 1,250,293 residents in 2004, while metropolitan Nashville had 1,395,879.

ETHNIC GROUPS

For nearly a century after the earliest white settlements, Tennessee was inhabited by three ethno-racial populations: whites of English and Scotch-Irish descent, Cherokee Indians, and black Americans. Settlers crossing the Appalachians met Indian resistance as early as the late 1700s. Eventually, however, nearly all the Cherokee were forced to leave; in 2000 there were an estimated 15,152 American Indians in Tennessee, up from 10,000, the number recorded by the 1990 census. In 2004, 0.3% of the population was American Indian.

Blacks, originally brought into the state as slaves to work in the cotton fields of West Tennessee, made up about 10% of the population in 1790. White Tennesseans were divided on the issue of slavery. The small farmers of the eastern region were against it, and in the late 1820s and 1830s there were more antislavery societies in Tennessee than in any other southern state except North Carolina. The planters and merchants of southwest Tennessee, however, linked their sentiments and interests with those of the proslavery planters of the Mississippi Valley. The introduction of the cotton gin gave impetus to the acquisition of more slaves; by 1840, blacks accounted for 26% of the population, and Memphis had become a major market for the shipment of black slaves to large plantations farther south.

Immediately after the Civil War, many blacks, now free, migrated from Virginia and North Carolina to East Tennessee to become farmers, artisans, and owners of small businesses. After 1880, however, the black proportion of the population declined steadily. In 2000, the estimated black population was 932,809 (16% of the state total), up from 778,000 in 1990. In 2004, 16.8% of the population was black. In 2000, there were an estimated 56,662 Asians residing in the state; 12,835 Asian Indians constituted the largest group. Pacific Islanders numbered 2,205. In 2004, the Asian population in the state was 1.2% of the state's total population.

Descendants of European immigrants make up about half the population of Tennessee, the largest groups being of English and German descent. In 2000, 159,004 residents—2.8% of the population—were foreign-born, more than twice the 1990 total of 59,114 (1.2%). In 2000, there were 123,838 Hispanics and Latinos, representing 2.2% of the total population, up from 62,000 (1.1%) in 1990. In 2004, 2.8% of the state's population was Hispanic or Latino. That year, 0.9% of the population reported origin of two or more races.

LANGUAGES

White settlers found Tennessee inhabited by Cherokee Indians in the eastern mountains, Shawnee in most of the eastern and central region, and Chickasaw in the west—all of them speakers of Hokan-Siouan languages. Subsequently removed to Indian Territory, they left behind such place-names as Chickamauga, Chattanooga, and Chilhowee, as well as Tennessee itself.

Tennessee English represents a mixture of North Midland and South Midland features brought into the northeastern and north-central areas, of South Midland and Southern features introduced by settlers from Virginia and the Carolinas, and of a few additional Southern terms in the extreme western fringe, to which they were carried from Mississippi and Louisiana. Certain pronunciations exhibit a declining frequency from the Appalachians to the Mississippi River, such as /r/ after a vowel in the same syllable, as in form and short, and a rounded /aw/ before /r/ in arm and barbed. Others occur statewide, such as the /ah/ vowel in forest and foreign, coop and Cooper with the vowel of book, and simplification of the long /i/ vowel, so that lice sounds like lass. Common are such non-Northern terms as wait on (wait for), pully-bone (along with Northern wishbone), nicker (neigh), light bread (white bread), and snake feeder (dragonfly), as well as Jew's harp, juice harp, and French harp (all for harmonica). In eastern Tennes-see are found goobers (peanuts), tote (carry), plum peach (clingstone peach), ash cake (a kind of cornbread), fireboard (mantel), redworm (earthworm), branch (stream), and peckerwood (woodpecker). Appearing in western Tennessee are loaf bread, cold drink (soft drink), and burlap bag. In Memphis, a large, long sandwich is a poorboy.

In 2000, 5,059,404 Tennesseans five years old and over—95.2% of the population in that age group—spoke only English at home, down from 97% in 1990.

The following table gives selected statistics from the 2000 Census for language spoken at home by persons five years old and over. The category "African languages" includes Amharic, Ibo, Twi, Yoruba, Bantu, Swahili, and Somali. The category "Other Indo-European languages" includes Albanian, Gaelic, Lithuanian, and Rumanian.

LANGUAGE	NUMBER	PERCENT
Population 5 years and over	5,315,920	100.0
Speak only English	5,059,404	95.2
Speak a language other than English	256,516	4.8
Speak a language other than English	256,516	4.8
Spanlish, or Spanish Creole	133,931	2.5
German	20,267	0.4
French (incl. Patois, Cajun)	17,557	0.3
Chinese	7,492	0.1
Vietnamese	6,625	0.1
Korean	6,550	0.1
Arabic	6,482	0.1
Laotian	4,496	0.1
African languages	4,480	0.1
Japanese	4,423	0.1
Other Indo-European languages	4,250	0.1
Tagalog	3,386	0.1
Italian	3,134	0.1

RELIGIONS

Baptist and Presbyterian churches were organized on the frontier soon after permanent settlements were made. Many divisions have occurred in both groups. The Cumberland Presbyterian Church, which spread into other states, was organized near Nashville in 1810 because of differences within the parent church. Both the Baptists and the Presbyterians divided over slavery. Methodist circuit riders arrived with the early settlers, and they quickly succeeded in attracting many followers. Controversies over slavery and other sectional issues also developed within the Methodist Church and, as with the Baptists and Presbyterians, divisions emerged during the 1840s. The Methodists, however, were able to resolve their differences and regroup. The United Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Church in the United States finally ended their 122-year separation in 1983, reuniting to form the Presbyterian Church (USA).

Two other Protestant groups with large followings in the state had their origin on the Tennessee frontier in the first half of the 19th century: the Disciples of Christ and the Church of Christ. Both groups began with the followers of Thomas and Alexander Campbell and Barton W. Stone, among others, who deplored formal creeds and denominations and sought to return to the purity of early Christianity. As their numbers grew, these followers divided into Progressives, who supported missionary societies and instrumental music in church, and Conservatives, who did not. In 1906, a federal census of religions listed the Conservatives for the first time as the Church of Christ and the Progressives as the Disciples of Christ. The latter, now the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) had 28,108 known adherents in 2000. The Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) was established in the state in 1886 as a result of the greater Pentecostal movement.

Tennessee has long been considered part of the Bible Belt because of the influence of fundamentalist Protestant groups that believe in the literal accuracy of the Bible. Evangelical Protestants still account for a majority of the religiously active population.

In 2000, the largest single religious group in the state was the Southern Baptist Convention with 1,414,199 adherents; there were 27,055 new baptized members reported in 2002. Other Evangelical groups in 2000 were the Churches of Christ, 216,648; the Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee), 66,136; Independent, Non-Charismatic Churches, 50,003; and Assemblies of God, 40,430. The major Mainline Protestant denominations (with 2000 figures) were the United Methodist Church, 393,994; the Presbyterian Church USA, 67,800; and the Episcopal Church, 35,037. In 2004, there were about 185,486 Roman Catholics in the state. In 2000, there were 18,464 Muslims and an estimated 18,250 Jews in the state. About 2.7 million people (48.9% of the population) were not counted as members of any religious organization that year.

The Gideons International, an organization known for its free distribution of Bibles, is based in Nashville. The World Convention of Churches of Christ is also based in Nashville.

TRANSPORTATION

Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville, and Chattanooga are the focal points for rail, highway, water, and air transportation. All are located on important rivers and interstate highways, and all have airports served by the major airlines.

Railroad building began in Tennessee as early as the 1820s. During the 1850s, the basis for 20th-century rail transportation was laid: the Louisville and Nashville Railroad linked Tennessee to the northern states, and the Memphis and Charleston line established ties with the East Coast. In 2003, Tennessee had 2,821 rail mi (4,541 km) of track, of which 2,097 mi (3,376 km) were Class I track. As of 2006, Amtrak provided north-south passenger train service to Memphis and Newbern, Tennessee via its Chicago to New Orleans City of New Orleans train.

The first roads, such as the Natchez Trace, which connected Nashville with the southwestern part of the state, often followed Indian trails. Many roads in the early 1800s were constructed by private individuals or chartered turnpike companies. The introduction of the automobile shortly after the beginning of the 20th century brought the development of modern roads and highways. After 1916, the federal government began to share the high cost of highway construction, and the 1920s were a decade of extensive road building.

In 2004, Tennessee had 88,988 mi (143,270 km) of roads. The major interstate highway is I-40, crossing east-west from Knoxville to Nashville and Memphis. In that same year, some 5.049 million motor vehicles were registered in the state, while 4,247,884 Tennesseans held drivers' licenses.

The principal means of transportation during Tennessee's early history was water, and all the early settlements were built on or near streams. The introduction of steamboats on the Cumberland River in the early 19th century helped make Nashville the state's largest city and its foremost trading center. By mid-century, how-ever, Memphis, on the Mississippi River, had surpassed Nashville in population and trade, largely because of cotton. Tennessee in 2004 had 946 mi (1,523 km) of navigable inland waterways. The completion in 1985 of the 234-mi (377-km) Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway gave Tennessee shippers a direct north-south route for all vessels between the Tennessee River and the Gulf of Mexico via the Black Warrior River in Alabama. Although none of the waterway runs through Tennessee, the northern terminus is on the Tennessee River near the common borders of Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi. In 2004, the ports of Memphis and Nashville handled 17.520 million tons and 3.941 million tons of freight, respectively. In 2003, waterborne shipments totaled 27.811 million tons.

In 2005, Tennessee had a total of 305 public and private-use aviation-related facilities. This included 195 airports, 100 heliports, 8 STOLports (Short Take-Off and Landing), and 2 seaplane bases. As of 2004, Memphis International Airport was among the world's busiest cargo-handling facilities and was also the state's major air terminal in terms of passenger traffic, with 5,295,062 passengers enplaned, making it the 36th busiest airport in the United States. Nashville International in that same year was the state's second busiest, with 4,298,703 passengers enplaned, making it the 44th busiest airport in the United States.

HISTORY

The lower Tennessee Valley was heavily populated with hunter-gatherers some 10,000 years ago. Their descendants, called Paleo-Indians, were succeeded by other native cultures, including the Archaic Indians, Woodland Indians, and Early Mississippians. When the first Spanish arrived in the early 16th century, Creek Indians were living in what is now East Tennessee, along with the Yuchi. About 200 years later, the powerful Cherokee—the largest single tribe south of the Ohio River, occupying parts of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and East Tennessee—drove the Creek and Yuchi out of the area and established themselves as the dominant tribe. Their settlements, varying in size from a dozen families to more than 200, were known as the Upper or Over-hill Towns. The Cherokee retained their tribal dominance until they were forced out by the federal government in the 1830s. In West Tennessee, the Chickasaw were the major group. They lived principally in northern Mississippi but used Tennessee lands as a hunting ground. Shawnee occupied the Cumberland Valley in Middle Tennessee until driven north of the Ohio River by the Cherokee and Chickasaw.

Explorers and traders from continental Europe and the British Isles were in Tennessee for well over 200 years before permanent settlements were established in the 1760s. Hernando de Soto, a Spaniard, came from Florida to explore the area as early as 1540. He was followed during the 17th century by the French explorers Jacques Marquette, Louis Jolliet, and Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle. Englishmen were not far behind: by the mid-1700s, hundreds—perhaps thousands—had crossed the Appalachian barrier and explored the transmontane country beyond, which was claimed first by the colony of Virginia and later assigned to North Carolina. They came in search of pelts, furs, and whatever else of value they might find. A fiercely independent breed, they were accustomed to hardship and unwilling to settle in a civilized community. Perhaps the best known was Daniel Boone, who by 1760 had found his way into present-day Washington County.

With the conclusion of the French and Indian War in 1763, many people from North Carolina and Virginia began to cross the Alleghenies. Elisha Walden was among those who first led groups of "long hunters" into the wilderness. By 1770, small pockets of white settlement were developing in the valley between the Unaka and Cumberland mountains. In the two decades that followed, more than 35,000 people settled on soil soon to become the State of Tennessee.

Two major areas of settlement developed. The larger one-in the northeast along the Holston, Nolichucky, and Watauga rivers-was organized as the Watauga Association in 1791. The second major area was in the Cumberland Basin, where James Robertson, under the sponsorship of the Transylvania Company (formed by eastern land speculators), established a settlement he called Nashborough (now Nashville) in 1779. There more than 250 adult males signed the Cumberland Compact, which established a government. They pledged to abide by the will of the majority and expressed their allegiance to North Carolina.

The Revolutionary War did not reach as far west as Tennessee, but many of the frontiersmen fought in the Carolinas and Virginia. The most famous battle involving these early Tennesseans was that of Kings Mountain, in South Carolina, where Colonel John Sevier and others defeated a superior force of British soldiers and captured more than 1,000 prisoners. Hardly was the Revolution over when Tennesseans began to think about statehood for themselves. As early as 1784, leaders in three mountain counties—Greene, Sullivan, and Washington—established the Free State of Franklin. John Sevier was chosen as governor, and an assembly was formed. Only after border warfare developed and factionalism weakened their cause did Franklin's leaders abandon their plans and return their allegiance to North Carolina. But the spirit of independence—indeed, defiance—persisted.

In 1790, less than two years after Franklin collapsed, North Carolina ceded its western lands to the United States. Tennessee became known as the Southwest Territory, with William Blount, a prominent North Carolina speculator and politician, as its governor. During his six-year tenure, a government was organized and a capital established at Knoxville. The population doubled to more than 70,000 in 1795, and steps were taken to convert the territory into a state. When the territorial legislature presented Congress with a petition for statehood, a lively debate ensued in the US Senate between Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans, who urged immediate admission, and Federalists, who opposed it. The Jeffersonians triumphed, and on 1 June 1796, President George Washington signed a bill admitting Tennessee as the 16th state. Sevier became governor of the new state, Blount was elected to the US Senate, and Andrew Jackson became the state's first US representative.

Sevier dominated state politics for the first two decades of state-hood, and he had little difficulty in thwarting the ambitions of Andrew Jackson and others who sought to challenge his leadership. Tennessee's population, about 85,000 when Sevier became governor, was more than 250,000 when he left the statehouse in 1809. Under Sevier's governorship, Nashville, Knoxville, and other early settlements became thriving frontier towns. Churches and schools were established, industry and agriculture developed, and Tennessee became a leading iron producer.

Andrew Jackson's rise to prominence came as a result of the Battle of New Orleans, fought at the conclusion of the War of 1812. Jackson, who had little difficulty raising troops in a state where volunteers for military service have always been abundant, lost only about a half dozen of his men, while British casualties exceeded 2,000. He returned to Nashville a hero, built a fine house that he named The Hermitage, received thousands of congratulatory messages, and conferred with friends about his political and military future. In 1823, Jackson was elected to the US Senate. Defeated the following year in a four-man race for the presidency, he ran again, this time successfully, in 1828, serving in that office for eight years.

Jackson alienated himself from many people in the state after 1835, when he announced his support of Martin Van Buren for president instead of Knoxvillian Hugh Lawson White, an avowed candidate. A majority of Tennesseans joined the new Whig Party, which arose in opposition to Jackson's Democratic Party, and voted in the 1836 presidential election for White instead of for Van Buren. The Whigs won every presidential election in Tennessee from 1836 to 1852, including the election of 1844, which sent Tennessean James Knox Polk, a Democrat, to the White House. Polk's term (1845–49) brought another war, this one with Mexico. Although Tennessee's quota was only 2,800, more than 25,000 men volunteered for service. Among the heroes of that war were William Trousdale and William B. Campbell, both of whom later were elected governor.

Social reform and cultural growth characterized the first half of the 19th century. A penitentiary was built, and the penal code made somewhat more humane. Temperance newspapers were published, temperance societies formed, and laws passed to curtail the consumption of alcoholic beverages. In 1834, a few women, embracing the feminist cause, were influential in giving the courts, rather than the legislature, the right to grant divorces. Many important schools were established, including the Nashville Female Academy, the University of Nashville, and more than two dozen colleges.

More than most other southern states, antebellum Tennessee was divided over the issue of slavery. Slaves had accompanied their owners into Tennessee in the 18th century, and by 1850, they constituted about one-fourth of the state's population. Although slaveholders lived in all sections of the state, they predominated in the west, where cotton was grown profitably, as well as in Middle Tennessee. In East Tennessee, where blacks made up less than 10% of the population, antislavery sentiment thrived. Most of those who supported emancipation urged that it be accomplished peacefully, gradually, and with compensation to the slave owners. Frances Wright, the Scottish reformer, founded the colony of Nashoba near Memphis in the 1820s as a place where freed blacks could learn self-reliance. After a few years the colony failed, however, and Wright took her colonists to Haiti. At the constitutional convention of 1834, hundreds of petitions were presented asking that the legislature be empowered to free the slaves. But while the convention endorsed several measures to democratize the constitution of 1796—abolishing property qualifications as a condition for holding office, for example—it decided against emancipation.

Considerable economic growth took place during this period. West Tennessee became a major cotton-growing area immediately after it was purchased form the Chickasaw in 1818, and Memphis, established in 1821, became the principal cotton-marketing center. The Volunteer State's annual cotton crop grew from less than 3,000 bales in 1810 to nearly 200,000 bales by midcentury. The counties of the Highland Rim produced tobacco in such abundance that, by 1840, Tennessee ranked just behind Kentucky and Virginia in total production. East Tennessee farmers practiced greater crop diversification, growing a variety of fruits and vegetables for market. Silk cultivation flourished briefly in the 1830s and 1840s.

Tennessee became a major battleground during the Civil War, as armies from both North and South crossed the state several times. Most Tennesseans favored secession. But the eastern counties remained staunchly Unionist, and many East Tennesseans crossed over into Kentucky to enlist in the Union Army. General Albert Sidney Johnston, the Confederate commander of the western theater, set up lines of defense across the northern border of the state and built forts on both the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers. In February 1862, Ft. Donelson and Ft. Henry were taken by General Ulysses S. Grant and naval Captain Andrew H. Foote, thereby opening the state to Union armies. Within two weeks Nashville was in the hands of the enemy. Northern troops pushed farther south and west, taking key positions on the Mississippi River. Less than two months later, on 6 April, Union forces near the Mississippi state line engaged Johnston's army in the Battle of Shiloh. Both sides suffered tremendous losses, including Johnston himself, who bled to death after sustaining a thigh wound. In the meantime President Abraham Lincoln had established a military government for the conquered state and appointed Andrew Johnson to head it. Johnson, who had served two terms as governor a decade earlier, had been elected to the US Senate in 1858; he remained there in 1861, the only southern senator to do so, refusing to follow his state into the Confederacy. In 1864, he was elected vice president under Lincoln.

Johnson's governorship did not mean the end of Confederate activities in Tennessee. Late in December 1862, Confederate forces made the first of two vigorous attempts to rid the state of the invader. General Braxton Bragg, who replaced Johnston as Confederate commander, established himself at Murfreesboro, 30 mi (48 km) southwest of Nashville, and threatened to retake the capital city. But at the Battle of Stones River, Union troops under General William S. Rosecrans forced Bragg to retreat to the southeast. Fighting did not resume until 19-20 September 1863, when the Confederates drove Union troops back to Chattanooga in the Battle of Chickamauga, one of the bloodiest engagements of the war. The second major Confederate drive occurred in November and December 1864, when General John B. Hood, commanding the Confederate Army of Tennessee, came out of Georgia and attacked the Union forces at Franklin and Nashville. Hood's army was destroyed, and these battles were the last major engagements in the state.

Returning to the Union in 1866, Tennessee was the only former Confederate state not to have a military government during Reconstruction. Economic readjustment was not as difficult as elsewhere in the South, and within a few years agricultural production exceeded antebellum levels. Extensive coal and iron deposits in East Tennessee attracted northern capital, and by the early 1880s, flour, woolen, and paper mills were established in all the urban areas. By the late 1890s, Memphis was a leading cotton market and the nation's foremost producer of cottonseed oil. Politically, the Democratic Party became firmly entrenched, and would remain so until the 1950s.

As the 20th century dawned, the major issue in Tennessee was the crusade against alcohol, a movement with deep roots in the 19th century. Though the major cities still were "wet," earlier legislation had dried up the rural areas and small towns, and the Tennessee Anti-Saloon League and Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) kept the matter in the public eye. In 1908, with "wet" forces controlling the state government, Edward Ward Carmack—a rabid prohibitionist, powerful politician, newspaper editor, and former US senator—was shot and killed in the street of Nashville. His assailants were convicted but pardoned immediately by the governor. In the following year, with Carmack as a martyr to their cause, "dry" forces enacted legislation that, in effect, imposed prohibition on the entire state. The dominant Democratic Party was divided and demoralized to such an extent that a Republican governor was elected—only the second since Reconstruction. The prohibition movement helped promote the cause of women's suffrage. A proposed state constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote failed in 1915, but in 1919, they were granted the franchise in municipal elections. One year later, Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution, thereby granting women the right to vote nationwide.

The 1920s brought a resurgence of religious fundamentalism. When, in 1925, the legislature enacted a measure that prohibited the teaching of the theory of evolution in the public schools, a high school teacher named John T. Scopes decided to challenge the law. Three-time presidential candidate and fundamentalist spokesman William Jennings Bryan arrived in the tiny town of Dayton to aid in Scopes's prosecution, while the great civil liberties lawyer Clarence Darrow came from Chicago to lead the defense. The Scopes trial gave the Volunteer State unwanted notoriety throughout the civilized world. Scopes was convicted, and it was not until 1967 that the law was repealed.

The 1930s brought depression, but they also brought the Tennessee Valley Authority. Before TVA, residents of the Tennessee River Valley could boast of the beauty of the landscape, but of little else. The soil was so thin that little other than subsistence agriculture was possible, and many people lived on cash incomes of less than $100 a year. There were some senators, such as George Norris of Nebraska and Tennessee's own Kenneth D. McKellar, who saw great possibilities in valley development. Harnessing the Tennessee River with dams could not only generate electricity inexpensively but also greatly improve navigation; aid flood control, soil conservation, and reforestation; and produce nitrate fertilizer. Efforts to establish such a program failed, however, until Franklin D. Roosevelt included it in his New Deal. The law establishing the TVA was passed a few weeks after Roosevelt's inauguration in 1933, and dam construction began almost immediately. Before TVA, people in the valley consumed only 1.5 billion kWh of electricity annually; but consumption increased to 11.5 billion kWh by 1945 and to 57.5 billion kWh by 1960. Fewer than 2% of rural families in Tennessee had electricity in 1933; but by the late 1930s, power lines were being strung into remote areas, bringing to practically everyone the advantages that hitherto only urban residents had enjoyed. Inexpensive power became a magnet for industry, and industrial employment in the region nearly doubled in two decades. The building of a plant for the production of nuclear weapons at Oak Ridge in 1942 was due in large measure to the availability of TVA power.

The TVA notwithstanding, the depression caused many manufacturers to close or curtail operations, and farm prices declined drastically. Cotton, which had earlier brought farmers more than 30 cents a pound, declined to 5.7 cents, and the prices of corn, tobacco, and other crops fell proportionately. The state still was in the grip of financial depression when World War II began. Thousands of men volunteered for service before conscription was introduced; when the United States entered the war in 1941, several training posts were established in Tennessee. Tennessee firms manufacturing war materiel received contracts amounting to $1.25 billion and employed more than 200,000 people during the war. Industrial growth continued during the postwar period, while agriculture recovered and diversified. The chemical industry, spurred by high demand during and after World War II, became a leading sector, along with textiles, apparel, and food processing. Cotton and tobacco continued to be major crops, but by the early 1970s, soybeans had taken the lead, accounting for 22% of estimated farm income in 1980. Beef and dairy production also flourished.

Democratic boss Edward H. Crump, who ran an efficient political machine in Memphis, dominated state politics for most of the period between 1910 and the early 1950s, an era that saw the elevation of many Tennessee Democrats to national prominence. Considerable progress was made toward ending racial discrimination during the postwar years, although the desegregation of public schools was accomplished only after outbursts of violence at Clinton, Nashville, and Memphis. The killing of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., in Memphis in 1968 resulted in rioting by blacks in that city, and in urban centers nationwide. The most notable political development during the 1970s was the resurgence of the Republican Party, making Tennessee one of the few true two-party states in the South.

The early 1980s saw the exposure of corruption in high places: former governor Ray Blanton and several aides were convicted for conspiracy to sell liquor licenses, and banker and former gubernatorial candidate Jacob F. "Jake" Butcher was convicted for fraud in the aftermath of the collapse of his banking empire. On the brighter side, there was a successful World's Fair in 1982, the Knoxville International Energy Exposition, and a fairly resilient state economy, bolstered by the much-heralded openings of the Nissan truck-assembly plant in Smyrna in 1983 and the General Motors Saturn plant in Spring Hill in 1990.

Manufacturing in Tennessee continued to grow throughout the 1980s, aided by the completion of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway in 1985. The state gained nearly 45,000 manufacturing jobs between 1982 and 1992, many of them in the automotive and other transport-related industries. Tennessee's unemployment rate fell to a 16-year low of 4.7% in 1994.

The state legislature passed school reform laws in 1992 and, in 1993, a health-care package mandating the creation of TennCare, an insurance program designed to replace Medicaid coverage for 1.5 million uninsured residents of the state.

Democratic governor Phil Bredesen, elected in 2002, served two terms as Nashville mayor and hoped in 2003, despite the state's budget problems, to repeat statewide the significant economic growth he spearheaded in Nashville. The state was a leader in the nation in attempting to collect Internet and mail-order sales taxes. Tennessee officials estimated the state could lose up to $300 million in uncollected Internet and mail-order sales taxes in 2003.

Bredesen by 2005 had issued executive orders establishing tough ethics rules in the executive branch; managed the state through its fiscal crisis without raising taxes or cutting funds for education; raised teachers' pay to levels above the Southeastern average; expanded Tennessee's pre-kindergarten program; reformed the state's workers' compensation program and invested in retraining programs to help out-of-work employees develop new skills in the growing, competitive economy; launched a war on meth-amphetamine; and reformed TennCare, the state health-insurance program.

STATE GOVERNMENT

Tennessee's first constitution was adopted in 1796, just before the state was admitted to the Union. It vested executive authority in a governor, elected for two years, who had to be at least 25 years old and own at least 500 acres (202 hectares) of land. The governor could approve or veto bills adopted by the legislature, as commander-in-chief of the militia, and could grant pardons and reprieves, among other powers. Legislative power was placed in a General Assembly, consisting of a house and Senate, whose members served terms of two years. Candidates for the legislature were required to fulfill residence and age requirements and to own at least 200 acres (81 hectares). Property qualifications were not required for voting, and all freemen—including free blacks—could vote.

The basic governmental structure established in 1796 remains the fundamental law today. The constitution has been amended 36 times as of January 2005, however. The spirit of Jacksonian democracy prompted delegates at the constitutional convention of 1834 to remove property qualifications as a requirement for public office, reapportion representation, transfer the right to select county officials from justices of the peace to the voters, and reorganize the court system. At the same time, though, free blacks were disfranchised. In 1870, another constitutional convention confirmed the abolition of slavery and the enfranchisement of black men but imposed a poll tax as a requirement for voting. Membership of the House was fixed at 99 and the Senate at 33-numbers, these numbers are retained today. Assembling each January, regular sessions are limited to 90 legislative days. Special sessions, limited to 30 legislative days, may be called by petition of two-thirds of each house. All legislators must be US citizens, qualified voters in their districts, citizens of the state, and must have lived in the state for at least 3 years and in the district for one year. Further, senators are required to be at least 30 years old and representatives 21. The legislative salary in 2004 was $16,500, unchanged from 1999.

In the constitutional convention held in 1953, delegates increased the gubernatorial term from two to four years, gave the governor item-veto, eliminated the poll tax, authorized home rule for cities, and provided for the consolidation of county and city functions. Later conventions extended the term of state senators from two to four years, sought to improve and streamline county government, and placed a constitutional limit on state spending. A limited convention in 1965 required the apportionment of the legislature according to population. This change greatly increased the weight of urban, and particularly black, votes.

The governor, the only executive elected statewide, appoints a cabinet of 21 members. The speaker of the state Senate automatically becomes lieutenant governor; the secretary of state, treasurer, and comptroller of the treasury are chosen by the legislature. The governor is limited to serving two consecutive terms. A candidate for governor must be at least 30 years old, a US citizen, and must have been a state citizen for at least seven years prior to election. As of December 2004, the governor's salary was $85,000, unchanged from 1999.

Legislation is enacted after bills are read and approved three times in each house and signed by the governor. If the governor vetoes a measure, the legislature may override the veto by majority vote of the elected members of each house. If the governor does not act on a bill, it becomes law after 10 days. Not more often than once every six years the legislature may submit to the voters the question of calling a convention to amend the constitution. If the vote is favorable, delegates are chosen. Changes proposed by the convention must be approved by a majority vote in a subsequent election. To amend the constitution, a majority of the members elected to both houses must first approve the proposed change. A second (two-thirds) vote by the legislature is required before the measure is put before the state's voters for majority approval.

Voters must be US citizens, at least 18 years old, and state residents. Restrictions apply to convicted felons and those declared mentally incompetent by the court.

POLITICAL PARTIES

The major political groups are the Democratic and Republican parties. Minor parties have seldom affected the outcome of an election in Tennessee.

When Tennessee entered the Union in 1796, it was strongly loyal to the Democratic-Republican Party. The Jacksonian era brought a change in political affiliations, and for more than 20 years, Tennessee had a vibrant two-party system. Jackson's followers formed the Democratic Party, which prevailed for a decade over the National Republican Party led by John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. But by 1835, Tennesseans had become disillusioned with Jackson, and they joined the new Whig Party in large numbers. A Whig governor was elected in that year, and Whig presidential nominees consistently garnered Tennessee's electoral votes until the party foundered over the slavery issue in the 1850s.

After the Civil War and Reconstruction, Tennessee was part of the solid Democratic South for nearly a century. Only three Republican governors were elected during that period, and only then because bitter factionalism had divided the dominant party. East Tennessee remained a Republican stronghold. However, the 2nd Congressional district, which includes Knoxville, was the only district in the country to elect a Republican continuously from 1860 on. Republicans Warren G. Harding and Herbert Hoover carried the state in the presidential elections of 1920 and 1928. But whereas the 1920s saw a tendency away from one-party domination, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal brought the Vol-unteer State decisively back into the Democratic fold. Tennesseans voted overwhelmingly Democratic in the four elections that Roosevelt won (1932–44).

After World War II, the one-party system in Tennessee was shaken anew. Dwight D. Eisenhower narrowly won the state in 1952 and 1956, although Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver was the Democratic vice-presidential nominee in the latter year. Tennesseans chose Richard Nixon all three times he ran for president. In fact, between 1948 and 1976, the only Democratic nominees to carry the state came from the South (Lyndon Johnson and Jimmy Carter) or from a border state (Harry Truman).

In state elections, the Republicans made deep inroads into Democratic power during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1966, Howard Baker became the first popularly elected Republican US senator in the state history. In 1970, voters elected Winfield Dunn as the first Republican governor in more than 50 years, and in the same year, they sent Republican Bill Brock to join Baker in the Senate. The Democrats regained the governorship in 1974 and Brock's seat in 1976, but Republicans again won the governorship in 1978 when Lamar Alexander defeated Jacob F. "Jake" Butcher. In 1982, Alexander became the first Tennessee governor to be elected to two successive four-year terms. Ned McWherter, a Democrat, was elected governor in 1990. Republican Don Sundquist became governor in 1994 and was reelected in 1998. Democrat Phil Bredesen was elected governor in 2002.

In 1994, Bill Frist, a heart surgeon, was elected to the US Senate on the Republican ticket, defeating Democrat James Sasser. He was reelected in 2000, and elected Senate Majority Leader in December 2002 after former Majority Leader Trent Lott aroused controversy by praising the 1948 presidential candidacy of segregationist Strom Thurmond. Democrat Harlan Matthews was appointed to

Tennessee Presidential Vote by Political Parties, 1948–2004
YEAR	ELECTORAL VOTE	TENNESSEE WINNER	DEMOCRAT	REPUBLICAN	STATES RIGHTS DEMOCRAT	SOCIALIST	PROGRESSIVE	PROHIBITION
*Won U.S presidential election.
1948	11	*Truman (D)	270,402	202,914	73,815	1,288	1,864	—
					CONSTITUTION	—	—	—
1952	11	*Eisenhower (R)	443,710	446,147	379	—	887	1,432
1956	11	*Eisenhower (R)	456,507	462,288	19,820	—	—	789
					NAT'L STATES' RIGHTS
1960	11	Nixon (R)	481,453	556,577	11,298	—	—	2,450
1964	11	*Johnson (D)	635,047	508,965	—	—	—	—
					AMERICAN IND.
1968	11	*Nixon (R)	351,233	472,592	424,792	—	—	—
							AMERICAN
1972	10	*Nixon (R)	357,293	813,147	—	—	30,373	—
								LIBERTARIAN
1976	10	*Carter (D)	825,897	633,969	2,303	—	5,769	1,375
					NAT'L STATESMAN		CITIZENS
1980	10	*Reagan (R)	783,051	787,761	5,0211	—	1,112	7,116
1984	11	*Reagan (R)	711,714	990,212	—	—	978	3,072
1988	11	*Bush (R)	679,794	947,233	—	—	1,334	2,041
					IND. (Perot)
1992	11	*Clinton (D)	933,521	841,300	199,968	1,356	727	1,847
1996	11	*Clinton (D)	909,146	863,530	105,918	—	—	5,020
					IND. (nader)		IND. (Buchanan)
2000	11	*Bush, G. W. (R)	981,720	1,061,949	19,781	—	4,250	4,284
						WRITE-IN (Cobb)	IND. (Peroutka)	IND. (Badnarik)
2004	11	*Bush, G. W. (R)	1,036,477	1,384,375	8,992	33	2,570	4,866

fill the seat vacated by Al Gore in 1992 when Gore became vice president. In 1994, Republican Fred Thompson defeated Jim Cooper for the remaining two years of Gore's term. Thompson was elected to his first full term in 1996, but retired in 2002. That November, former Governor Lamar Alexander was elected US Senator from Tennessee. US representatives included four Republicans and five Democrats after the November 2004 elections. There were 16 Democrats and 17 Republicans in the state Senate and 53 Democrats and 46 Republicans in the state House in mid-2005.

Tennessee voters, who gave Republican George Bush 57.4% of the vote in 1988, chose Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996. In 2000, Republican George W. Bush received 51% of the vote to Democrat Al Gore's 48%. In 2004, support for incumbent President Bush had increased to 56.8% to Democratic challenger John Kerry's 42.5%. In 2004 there were 3,532,000 registered voters; there is no party registration in the state. The state had 11 electoral votes in the 2004 presidential election.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

In 2005, local government in Tennessee was exercised by 95 counties and 349 municipalities. The county, a direct descendant of the Anglo-Saxon shire, has remained remarkably unaltered in Tennessee since it was brought from Virginia and North Carolina in frontier days. The constitution specifies that county officials must include at least a register, trustee (the custodian of county funds), sheriff, and county clerk, all of whom hold office for four years. Other officials have been added by legislative enactment: county commissioners, county executives (known for many years as county judges or county chairmen), tax assessors, county court clerks, and superintendents of public schools.

City government is of more recent origin than county government. There are three forms of municipal government: mayor-council (or mayor-alderman), council-manager, and commission. The mayor-council system is the oldest and by far the most widely employed. There were 138 school districts and 475 special districts in 2005.

In 2005, local government accounted for about 239,168 full-time (or equivalent) employment positions.

STATE SERVICES

To address the continuing threat of terrorism and to work with the federal Department of Homeland Security, homeland security in Tennessee operates under executive order; a homeland security director oversees the state's homeland security activities.

The commissioner of education oversees the public schools as well as special and vocational-technical education; the higher education commission oversees higher education. Highways, aeronautics, mass transit, and waterways are the responsibility of the Department of Transportation. The Department of Safety and the State Highway Patrol are charged with enforcing the safety laws on all state roads and interstate highways. Public protection services are provided by the Military Department, which includes the Army and Air National Guard. The Department of Correction maintains prisons for adult offenders, a work-release program, and correctional and rehabilitation centers for juveniles. The Department of Environment and Conservation concerns itself with the environment.

The Department of Health licenses medical facilities, provides medical care for the indigent, operates tuberculosis treatment centers, and administers pollution control programs. The Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities supervises mental hospitals, mental health clinics, and homes for the developmentally disabled. The Department of Human Services administers aid to the blind, aged, disabled, and families with dependent children, and determines eligibility for families receiving food stamps. The Department of Employment Security administers unemployment insurance and provides job training and placement services. State laws governing workers' compensation, occupational and mine safety, child labor, and wage standards are enforced by the Department of Labor and Workforce Development.

JUDICIAL SYSTEM

The Tennessee Supreme Court is the highest court in the state. It consists of five justices, not more than two of whom may reside in any one grand division of the state—East, Middle, or West Tennessee. The justices are elected by popular vote for terms of eight years and must be at least 35 years of age. The court has appellate jurisdiction only, holding sessions in Nashville, Knoxville, and Jackson. The position of chief justice rotates every 19 months.

Immediately below the Supreme Court are two appellate courts (each sitting in three divisions), established by the legislature to relieve the crowded high court docket. The Court of Appeals has appellate jurisdiction in most civil cases. The Court of Criminal Appeals hears cases from the lower courts involving criminal matters. Judges on both appellate courts are elected for eight-year terms.

Circuit courts have original jurisdiction in both civil and criminal cases. Tennessee still has chancery courts, vestiges of the English courts designed to hear cases where there was no adequate remedy at law. They administer cases involving receiverships of corporations, settle disputes regarding property ownership, hear divorce cases, and adjudicate on a variety of other matters. In some districts, judges of the circuit and chancery courts, all of whom are elected for eight-year terms, have concurrent jurisdiction.

At the bottom of the judicial structure are general sessions courts. A comprehensive juvenile court system was set up in 1911. Other courts created for specific services include domestic relations courts and probate courts.

As of 31 December 2004, a total of 25,884 prisoners were held in Tennessee's state and federal prisons, an increase from 25,403 of 1.9% from the previous year. As of year-end 2004, a total of 1,905 inmates were female, up from 1,826 or 4.3% from the year before. Among sentenced prisoners (one year or more), Tennessee had an incarceration rate of 437 per 100,000 population in 2004.

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Tennessee in 2004, had a violent crime rate (murder/nonnegligent manslaughter; forcible rape; robbery; aggravated assault) of 695.2 reported incidents per 100,000 population, or a total of 41,024 reported incidents. Crimes against property (burglary; larceny/theft; and motor vehicle theft) in that same year totaled 254,123 reported incidents or 4,306.5 reported incidents per 100,000 people. Tennessee has a death penalty, of which lethal injection is the sole method of execution for those sentenced after 1 January 1999. Those sentenced prior to that date can select electrocution over lethal injection. From 1976 through 5 May 2006, the state has carried out only one execution, in April 2000. As of 1 January 2006, Tennessee had 108 inmates on death row.

In 2003, Tennessee spent $186,916,752 on homeland security, an average of $31 per state resident.

ARMED FORCES

Tennessee supplied so many soldiers for the War of 1812 and the Mexican War that it became known as the Volunteer State. During the Civil War, more than 100,000 Tennesseans fought for the Confederacy and about half that number for the Union. In World War I, some 91,000 men served in the armed forces, and in World War II, 316,000 Tennesseans saw active duty.

In 2004, there were 2,430 active-duty military personnel and 5,390 civilian personnel stationed in Tennessee, most of whom were at Millington Naval Air Station near Memphis. Tennessee firms were awarded defense contracts totaling more than $2.1 billion in 2004. In addition, there was another $1.6 billion in payroll outlays by the Department of Defense.

On 2003, 540,778 veterans were living in Tennessee, of whom 62,502 served in World War II; 55,605 in the Korean conflict; 169,911 during the Vietnam era; and 87,253 during the Persian Gulf War. In 2004, the Veterans Administration expended more than $1.4 billion in pensions, medical assistance, and other major veterans' benefits.

As of 31 October 2004, the Tennessee Department of Public Safety employed 935 full-time sworn officers.

MIGRATION

The first white settlers in Tennessee, who came across the mountains from North Carolina and Virginia, were almost entirely of English extraction. They were followed by an influx of Scotch-Irish, mainly from Pennsylvania. About 3,800 German and Irish migrants arrived during the 1830s and 1840s. In the next century, Tennessee's population remained relatively stable, except for an influx of blacks immediately following the Civil War. There was a steady out-migration of blacks to industrial centers in the North during the 20th century. The state suffered a net loss through migration of 462,000 between 1940 and 1970 but gained over 465,000 between 1970 and 1990. Between 1990 and 1998, Tennessee had net gains of 338,000 in domestic migration and 27,000 in international migration. In 1998, 2,806 foreign immigrants arrived in the state, the greatest concentrations coming from Mexico (300) and India (291). Tennessee's overall population increased 11.3% between 1990 and 1998.

The major in-state migration has been away from rural areas and into towns and cities. Blacks, especially, have tended to cluster in large urban centers. The population of metropolitan Memphis, for example, was more than 42% black in 1997. In the period 2000–05, net international migration was 49,973 and net internal migration was 109,707, for a net gain of 159,680 people.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION

Tennessee participates in such interstate agreements as the Appalachian Regional Commission, Interstate Mining Compact Commission, Southeastern Forest Fire Protection Compact, Southern Regional Education Board, Southern Growth Policies Board, and the Southern States Energy Board. There are boundary accords with Arkansas, Kentucky, and Virginia, and an agreement with Alabama, Kentucky, and Mississippi governing development of the Tennessee-Tombigbee waterway. Federal grants to Tennessee amounted to $8.086 billion in fiscal year 2005, an estimated $7.890 billion in fiscal year 2006, and an estimated $8.114 billion in fiscal year 2007.

ECONOMY

Tennessee's economy is based primarily on industry. Since the 1930s, the number of people employed in industry has grown at a rapid rate, while the number of farmers has declined proportionately. The principal manufacturing areas are Memphis, Nashville, Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Kingsport-Bristol. With the construction in the 1980s of a Nissan automobile and truck plant and a General Motors automobile facility, both in the area southeast of Nashville, Tennessee has become an important producer of transportation equipment. Since 1995, however, employment in Tennessee's manufacturing sector has fallen, and since 1999, total output from the sector has fallen 3.2% between 1999 and 2001. The pace of job loss in manufacturing accelerated in the 2001 national recession and slowdown, with 36,000 jobs lost during the year, 42% higher than any previous year. Manufacturing as a share of the state gross product fell from 21.5% in 1997 to 18.7% in 2001. The influx of new residents, from which Tennessee's economy benefited throughout the 1990s, fell to an eleven-year low with the fall in job growth in 2001. As of 2002, manufacturing jobs made up 17% of total employment in Tennessee, still above the national average of 13%. Income from agricultural products currently comes more from dairy and beef cattle, and soybeans than from traditional crops, tobacco, cotton, and corn. Coming into the 21st century (1997 to 2001) the strongest growth in terms of contributions to state gross product has been in the various services sectors. Output from general services increased 27.4%, with financial services rising 29.5%, transportation and utilities sector up by 27.4%, government up by 22.8%, and trade up by 17.8%.

In 2004, Tennessee's gross state product (GSP) was $217.626 billion, of which manufacturing accounted for the largest share at $38.142 or 17.5% of GSP, followed by the real estate sector at $23.219 (10.6% of GSP), and health care and social assistance at $17.985 billion (8.2% of GSP). In that same year, there were an estimated 471,316 small businesses in Tennessee. Of the 109,853 businesses that had employees, an estimated total of 106,729 or 97.2% were small companies. An estimated 17,415 new businesses were established in the state in 2004, down 1.6% from the year before. Business terminations that same year came to 16,520, up 1.3% from 2003. There were 548 business bankruptcies in 2004, down 8.2% from the previous year. In 2005, the state's personal bankruptcy (Chapter 7 and Chapter 13) filing rate was 1,117 filings per 100,000 people, ranking Tennessee as first in the nation.

INCOME

In 2005 Tennessee had a gross state product (GSP) of $227 billion which accounted for 1.8% of the nation's gross domestic product and placed the state at number 18 in highest GSP among the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2004 Tennessee had a per capita personal income (PCPI) of $29,844. This ranked 35th in the United States and was 90% of the national average of $33,050. The 1994–2004 average annual growth rate of PCPI was 4.0%. Tennessee had a total personal income (TPI) of $175,880,336,000, which ranked 19th in the United States and reflected an increase of 5.9% from 2003. The 1994–2004 average annual growth rate of TPI was 5.2%. Earnings of persons employed in Tennessee increased from $133,081,409,000 in 2003 to $141,576,558,000 in 2004, an increase of 6.4%. The 2003–04 national change was 6.3%.

The US Census Bureau reports that the three-year average median household income for 2002–04 in 2004 dollars was $38,550 compared to a national average of $44,473. During the same period an estimated 14.9% of the population was below the poverty line as compared to 12.4% nationwide.

LABOR

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), in April 2006 the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force in Tennessee 2,960,500, with approximately 161,200 workers unemployed, yielding an unemployment rate of 5.4%, compared to the national average of 4.7% for the same period. Preliminary data for the same period placed nonfarm employment at 2,780,300. Since the beginning of the BLS data series in 1976, the highest unemployment rate recorded in Tennessee was 12.4% in December 1982. The historical low was 3.8% in March 2000. Preliminary nonfarm employment data by occupation for April 2006 showed that approximately 4.5% of the labor force was employed in construction; 14.6% in manufacturing; 21.9% in trade, transportation, and public utilities; 5.2% in financial activities; 11.3% in professional and business services; 12% in education and health services; 9.7% in leisure and hospitality services; and 15% in government.

The BLS reported that in 2005, a total of 128,000 of Tennessee's 2,368,000 employed wage and salary workers were formal mem-bers of a union. This represented 5.4% of those so employed, down from 6.7% in 2004, and well below the national average of 12%. Overall in 2005, a total of 156,000 workers (6.6%) in Tennessee were covered by a union or employee association contract, which includes those workers who reported no union affiliation. Tennessee is one of 22 states with a right-to-work law.

As of 1 March 2006, Tennessee did not have a state-mandated minimum wage law. Employees in that state however, were covered under federal minimum wage statutes. In 2004, women in the state accounted for 47.1% of the employed civilian labor force.

AGRICULTURE

Tennessee ranked 32d among the 50 states in 2005 with farm receipts of over $2.5 billion. There were 85,000 farms in 2004.

From the antebellum period to the 1950s, cotton was the leading crop, followed by corn and tobacco. But during the early 1960s, soybeans surpassed cotton as the principal source of income. In 2004, 48.4 million bushels of soybeans, valued at $251.6 million, were harvested. Tobacco production in 2004 was 67.9 million lb. The main types of tobacco are burley, a fine leaf used primarily for cigarettes, and eastern and western dark-fired, which are used primarily for cigars, pipe tobacco, and snuff. The corn harvest in 2004 was about 86.1 million bushels, valued at $180.8 million. In 2004, cotton production was 990,000 bales, valued at $225.1.9 million. In 2004, soybeans, greenhouse/nursery products, and cotton together accounted for 30% of state farm receipts.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Cattle are raised throughout the state, but principally in middle and east Tennessee. In 1930, fewer than a million cattle and calves were raised on Tennessee farms; by 2005, there were an estimated 2.17 million cattle and calves, valued at $1.67 billion. During 2004, hogs and pigs numbered around 215,000 and were valued at $18.9 million. In 2003, Tennessee poultry farmers produced 948 million lb (431 million kg) of broilers, worth $322.3 million, and 290 million eggs, valued at $31.9 million. Tennessee dairy farmers produced 1.2 billion lb (0.5 billion kg) of milk from some 79,000 milk cows.

FISHING

Fishing is a major attraction for sport but plays a relatively small role in the economic life of Tennessee. There are 17 TVA lakes and 7 other lakes, all maintained by the Army Corps of Engineers; 10 of these lakes span an area of 10,000 acres (4,000 hectares) or more, and there are thousands of miles of creeks and mountain streams, all of which attract anglers. Tennessee has no closed season, except on trout.

In the 1970s, pollution from industrial waste dumping killed millions of fish and seriously endangered sport fishing. By the 1980s, however, industrial establishments in the state were complying more fully with the 1974 Water Pollution Act. In 2004, the state issued 1,028,386 sport fishing licenses. In 2004, Tennessee had 14 trout farms, selling 54,000 lb (24,500 kg). There are two national fish hatcheries in the state (Dale Hollow and Erwin), which together stock more than 1.9 million fish and produce more than 12 million trout eggs annually to support fishery mitigation efforts.

FORESTRY

Forests covered 14,404,000 acres (5,827,000 hectares) in 2004, or more than 50% of the state's total land area. Commercial timber-lands in 2004 totaled 12,396,000 acres (5,017,000 hectares). In 2004, 86% of the forested area was privately owned, 10% federally owned, 3% state-owned, and 1% municipally owned. The counties of the Cumberland Plateau and Highland Rim are the major sources of timber products, and in Lewis, Perry, Polk, Scott, Sequatchie, Unicoi, and Wayne counties, more than 75% of the total area is commercial forest.

About 96% of Tennessee's timber is in hardwoods, and nearly one-half of that is in white and red oak. Of the soft woods, pine—shortleaf, loblolly, Virginia, pitch, and white—accounts for 80%. Red cedar accounts for about 5% of the soft wood supply. Total lumber production in 2004 was 891 million board ft.

Wood products manufacturing is among the state's largest basic industries. The wood products industry in Tennessee falls into three main categories: paper and similar products, lumber and similar products, and furniture. Manufacturing uses only about a third of the wood grown by forests in Tennessee each year. The remaining two-thirds continues to accumulate on aging trees or is lost through decomposition of diseased and dead trees. The most common method of cutting timber in Tennessee has long been "high-grading," that is, cutting only the most valuable trees and leaving those of inferior quality and value. Clearcutting, patch cutting, and group selection are silviculturally preferable, but, with the exception of clearcutting on industry lands, are rarely practiced.

MINING

According to preliminary data from the US Geological Survey (USGS), the estimated value of nonfuel mineral production by Tennessee in 2003 was $606 million, a decrease from 2002 of about 6.5%. The USGS data ranked Tennessee as 23rd among the 50 states by the total value of its nonfuel mineral production, accounting for over 1.5% of total US output.

According to the preliminary data for 2003 crushed stone was the state's top nonfuel mineral commodity, accounting for over 50% of all nonfuel minerals produced, by value. In second place was cement (portland and masonry), followed by construction sand and gravel, zinc and ball clay. By volume, Tennessee in 2003, was the nation's leading producer of ball clay and gemstones. The state also ranked third in zinc and was ninth in the production of industrial stone and gravel.

Preliminary data for 2003 showed production of crushed stone to total 53.5 million metric tons, with a value of $321 million, while construction sand and gravel output that year totaled 9.7 million metric tons, valued at $54.8 million. Ball clay production in 2003 totaled 660,000 metric tons, with a valued of $28.1 million, with industrial sand and gravel output at 1.04 million metric tons, valued at $22.5 million.. In 2003, gemstone production consisted largely of cultured freshwater pearls and mother-of-pearl derived from freshwater mussel shells. The state was home to the nation's only freshwater pearl farm.

ENERGY AND POWER

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is the principal supplier of power in the state, providing electricity to more than 100 cities and 50 rural cooperatives. As of 2003, Tennessee had 94 electrical power service providers, of which 62 were publicly owned and 25 were cooperatives. Of the remainder, three were investor owned, one was federally operated and three were owners of independent generators that sold directly to customers. As of that same year there were 2,923,615 retail customers. Of that total, 45,628 received their power from investor-owned service providers. Cooperatives accounted for 848,844 customers, while publicly owned providers had 2,029,100 customers. There were 40 federal customers and three were independent generator or "facility" customers.

Total net summer generating capability by the state's electrical generating plants in 2003 stood at 20.893 million kW, with total production that same year at 92.221 billion kWh. Of the total amount generated, 96.2% came from electric utilities, with the remainder coming from independent producers and combined heat and power service providers. The largest portion of all electric power generated, 54.921 billion kWh (59.6%), came from coal-fired plants, with nuclear plants in second place at 24.152 billion kWh (26.2%) and hydroelectric plants in third at 12.003 billion kWh (13%). Other renewable power sources, natural gas, pumped storage and petroleum fired plants accounted for the remaining output.

As of 2006, Tennessee had two operating nuclear power plants: the Sequoyah plant near Chattanooga and the Watts Bar plant between Chattanooga and Knoxville. Both plants are operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority.

Tennessee in 2004, had 32 producing coal mines, 20 of which were surface operations and 12 were underground. Coal production that year totaled 2,887,000 short tons, up from 2,564,000 short tons in 2003. Of the total produced in 2004, surface mines accounted for 2,061,000 short tons. Recoverable coal reserves in 2004 totaled 26 million short tons. One short ton equals 2,000 lb (0.907 metric tons). Surface mine operators are now required to reclaim mined land. Most of the coal mined in the state is used for producing electricity, although some is used for home heating.

As of 2004, Tennessee had proven crude oil reserves of under 1% of all proven US reserves, while output that same year averaged 1,000 barrels per day. Including federal offshore domains, the state that year ranked 28th (27th excluding federal offshore) in production among the 31 producing states. In 2004 Tennessee had 400 producing oil wells and accounted for less than 1% of all US production. As of 2005, the state had one refinery with a crude oil distillation capacity of 180,000 barrels per day.

In 2004, Tennessee had 280 producing natural gas and gas condensate wells. In 2003 (the latest year for which data was available), marketed gas production (all gas produced excluding gas used for repressuring, vented and flared, and nonhydrocarbon gases removed) totaled 1.803 billion cu ft (.051 billion cu m). There was no data available on the state's proven reserves of natural gas.

INDUSTRY

On the eve of the Civil War, only 1% of Tennessee's population was employed in manufacturing, mostly in the iron, cotton, lumber, and flour-milling industries. Rapid industrial growth took place during the 20th century, however, and by 1981, Tennessee ranked third among the southeastern states and 15th in the United States in value of shipments. Tennessee's four major metropolitan areas, Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville, and Chattanooga, and collectively employ the largest share of all the state's industrial workers.

According to the US Census Bureau's Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) for 2004, Tennessee's manufacturing sector covered some 21 product subsectors. The shipment value of all products manufactured in the state that same year was $125.530 billion. Of that total, transportation equipment manufacturing accounted for the largest share at $26.256 billion. It was followed by computer and electronic equipment manufacturing at $14.584 billion; food manufacturing at $13.293 billion; chemical manufacturing at $12.858 billion; and machinery manufacturing at $8.926 billion.

In 2004, a total of 384,152 people in Tennessee were employed in the state's manufacturing sector, according to the ASM. Of that total, 286,806 were actual production workers. In terms of total employment, the transportation equipment manufacturing industry accounted for the largest portion of all manufacturing employees at 58,023, with 45,837 actual production workers. It was followed by food manufacturing at 36,361 employees (25,980 actual production workers); plastics and rubber products manufacturing at 31,118 employees (24,628 actual production workers); machinery manufacturing at 30,169 employees (22,892 actual production workers); and chemical manufacturing with 25,918 employees (13,339 actual production workers).

ASM data for 2004 showed that Tennessee's manufacturing sector paid $14.808 billion in wages. Of that amount, the transportation equipment manufacturing sector accounted for the largest share at $2.698 billion. It was followed by chemical manufacturing at $1.489 billion; fabricated metal product manufacturing at $1.248 billion; food manufacturing at $1.217 billion; and plastics and rubber products manufacturing at $1.159 billion.

COMMERCE

Tennessee has been an important inland commercial center for some 60 years. According to the 2002 Census of Wholesale Trade, Tennessee's wholesale trade sector had sales that year totaling $97.7 billion from 7,566 establishments. Wholesalers of durable goods accounted for 4,886 establishments, followed by nondurable goods wholesalers at 2,166 and electronic markets, agents, and brokers accounting for 514 establishments. Sales by durable goods wholesalers in 2002 totaled $44.2 billion, while wholesalers of nondurable goods saw sales of $42.4 billion. Electronic markets, agents, and brokers in the wholesale trade industry had sales of $11.07 billion.

In the 2002 Census of Retail Trade, Tennessee was listed as having 24,029 retail establishments with sales of $60.1 billion. The leading types of retail businesses by number of establishments were: gasoline stations (3,339); clothing and clothing accessories stores (3,017); motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts dealers (2,974); miscellaneous store retailers (2,783); and food and beverage stores (2,676). In terms of sales, motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts dealers accounted for the largest share of retail sales at $16.2 billion, followed by general merchandise stores at $10.2 billion; food and beverage stores at $7.4 billion; and gasoline stations at $5.5 billion. A total of 304,652 people were employed by the retail sector in Tennessee that year.

Exporters located in Tennessee exported $19.06 billion in merchandise during 2005. Major exports included transportation equipment, chemicals, and non-electric machinery.

CONSUMER PROTECTION

The Tennessee Division of Consumer Affairs is a division of the state's Department of Commerce and Insurance. Its mission is to serve and protect consumers from deceptive business practices. The Division's activities include consumer complaint mediation, litigation for violations of the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act, consumer education, investigation, registration of health clubs, and advise the legislature on legislation.

Because the Division of Consumer Affairs is under the state's Department of Commerce, the Tennessee Attorney General's Office has limited authority in regards to consumer affairs, although the office does have a Consumer Advocate and Protection Division. While the Attorney General's Office can initiate civil proceedings, its ability to initiate criminal proceedings is limited and must be done in conjunction with a local district attorney. In addition, the Office's ability to represent the state before state and federal regulatory agencies is also limited, and it has no authority to administer consumer protection and education programs, or to handle formal consumer complaints. However, the Office can exercise broad subpoena powers. In antitrust actions, the Attorney General's Office cannot act on behalf of those consumers who are incapable of acting on their own, but is authorized to: initiate damage actions on behalf of the state in state courts; initiate criminal proceedings; and represent counties, cities and other governmental entities in recovering civil damages under state or federal law.

The offices of the Division of Consumer Affairs and the Consumer Advocate and Protection Division of the Office of the Attorney general are located in Nashville.

BANKING

The first bank in Tennessee was the Bank of Nashville, chartered in 1807. Four years later, the Bank of the State of Tennessee was chartered at Knoxville. Branches were established at Nashville, Jonesboro, Clarksville, and Columbia. In 1817, nearly a dozen more banks were chartered in various frontier towns. The Civil War curtailed banking operations, but the industry began again immediately after cessation of hostilities.

As of June 2005, Tennessee had 202 insured banks, savings and loans, and saving banks, in addition to 121 state-chartered and 85 federally chartered credit unions (CUs). Excluding the CUs, the Memphis market area, which includes portions of Mississippi and Arkansas accounted for the largest portion of the state's financial institutions and deposits in 2004, with 52 institutions and $26.946 billion in deposits, followed by the Nashville-Davidson-Murfeesboro market area, with 49 institutions and $25.208 billion in deposits. As of June 2005, CUs accounted for 11.9 of all assets held by all financial institutions in the state, or some $10.877 billion. Banks, savings and loans, and savings banks collectively accounted for the remaining 88.1% or $80.600 billion in assets held.

The median percentage of past-due/nonaccrual loans to total loans stood at 1.71% as of fourth quarter 2005, down from 1.77% in 2004 and 2.43% in 2003. The median net interest margin (the difference between the lower rates offered to savers and the higher rates charged on loans) for insured institutions stood at 4.24% as of fourth quarter 2005, up from 4.23% in 2004 and 4.19% in 2003.

Regulation of Tennessee's state-chartered banks and other state-chartered financial institutions is the responsibility of the state's Department of Financial Institutions.

INSURANCE

In 2000, 34 property and casualty and 20 life insurance companies had home offices in Tennessee. Some 4.4 million individual life insurance policies worth over $245.8 billion were in force in 2004; total value for all categories of life insurance (individual, group, and credit) was about $421 billion. The average coverage amount is $55,400 per policy holder. Death benefits paid that year totaled at over $1.2 billion.

As of 2003, there were 17 property and casualty and 15 life and health insurance companies domiciled in the state. In 2004, direct premiums for property and casualty insurance totaled over $7.9 billion. That year, there were 17,623 flood insurance policies in force in the state, with a total value of $2.45 billion.

In 2004, 50% of state residents held employment-based health insurance policies, 6% held individual policies, and 28% were covered under Medicare and Medicaid; 14% of residents were uninsured. In 2003, employee contributions for employment-based health coverage averaged at 21% for single coverage and 28% for family coverage. The state offers a three-month health benefits expansion program for small-firm employees in connection with the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA, 1986), a health insurance program for those who lose employment-based coverage due to termination or reduction of work hours.

In 2003, there were over 3.8 million auto insurance policies in effect for private passenger cars. Insurance is not required, but motorists are expected to hold financial responsibility in the event of an accident. Liability limits in the state include bodily injury liability of up to $25,000 per individual and $50,000 for all persons injured in an accident, as well as property damage liability of $10,000. In 2003, the average expenditure per vehicle for insurance coverage was $649.71.

SECURITIES

There are no securities exchanges in Tennessee. In 2005, there were 870 personal financial advisers employed in the state and 2,650 securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents. In 2004, there were over 106 publicly traded companies within the state, with over 38 NASDAQ companies, 39 NYSE listings, and 5 AMEX listings. In 2006, the state had seven Fortune 500 companies; Caremark Rx (based in Nashville) ranked first in the state and 60th in the nation with revenues of over $32.9 billion, followed by FedEx (Memphis), HCA-The Healthcare Company (Nashville), UnumProvident (Chattanooga), and Dollar General (Goodlettsville). All five of these top companies are listed on the NYSE.

PUBLIC FINANCE

The state budget is prepared annually by the Budget Division of the Tennessee Department of Finance and Administration and submitted by the governor to the legislature every January. The fiscal year (FY) lasts from l July through 30 June.

Fiscal year 2006 general funds were estimated at $10.2 billion for resources and $9.8 billion for expenditures. In fiscal year 2004, federal government grants to Tennessee were $9.8 billion.

TAXATION

In 2005, Tennessee collected $10,007 million in tax revenues or $1,678 per capita, which placed it 45th among the 50 states in per capita tax burden. The national average was $2,192 per capita. Sales taxes accounted for 61.1% of the total; selective sales taxes, 15.3%; individual income taxes, 1.6%; corporate income taxes, 8.1%; and other taxes, 14.0%.

As of 1 January 2006, Tennessee state income tax was limited to dividends and interest income only. The state taxes corporations at a flat rate of 6.5%.

In 2004, local property taxes amounted to $3,585,440,000 or $608 per capita. The per capita amount ranks the state 41st highest nationally. Tennessee has no state level property taxes.

Tennessee taxes retail sales at a rate of 7%. In addition to the state tax, local taxes on retail sales can reach as much as 2.75%, making for a potential total tax on retail sales of 9.75%. Food purchased for consumption off-premises is taxable, but at a lower rate. The tax on cigarettes is 20 cents per pack, which ranks 48th among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Tennessee taxes gasoline at 21.4 cents per gallon. This is in addition to the 18.4 cents per gallon federal tax on gasoline.

According to the Tax Foundation, for every federal tax dollar sent to Washington in 2004, Tennessee citizens received $1.30 in federal spending.

ECONOMIC POLICY

Since World War II, Tennessee has aggressively sought new business and industry. The Department of Economic and Community Development (ECD) helps prospective firms locate industrial sites in communities throughout the state, and its representatives work with firms in Canada, Europe, and the Far East, as well as with domestic businesses. The department also administers special Appalachian regional programs in 50 counties and directs the state Office of Diversity Business Enterprise.

Tennessee's right-to-work law and relatively weak labor movement constitute important industrial incentives, as well as a low state tax burden. The counties and municipalities, moreover, offer tax exemptions on land, capital improvements, equipment, and machinery.

HEALTH

The infant mortality rate in October 2005 was estimated at 8.7 per 1,000 live births. The birth rate in 2003 was 13.5 per 1,000 population. The abortion rate stood at 15.2 per 1,000 women in 2000. In 2003, about 83.4% of pregnant woman received prenatal care beginning in the first trimester. In 2004, approximately 82% of children received routine immunizations before the age of three.

The crude death rate in 2003 was 9.8 deaths per 1,000 population. As of 2002, the death rates for major causes of death (per 100,000 resident population) were: heart disease, 279.9; cancer, 215.9; cerebrovascular diseases, 68.7; chronic lower respiratory diseases, 51.9; and diabetes, 30.2. The mortality rate from HIV in-

Tennessee—State Government Finances
(Dollar amounts in thousands. Per capita amounts in dollars.)
	AMOUNT	PER CAPITA
Abbreviations and symbols: - zero or rounds to zero; (NA) not available; (X) not applicable.
source: U.S. Census Bureau, Governments Division, 2004 Survey of State Government Finances, January 2006.
Total Revenue	23,920,818	4,059.19
General revenue	20,901,310	3,546.80
Intergovernmental revenue	9,016,698	1,530.07
Taxes	9,529,171	1,617.03
General sales	5,845,206	991.89
Selective sales	1,499,456	254.45
License taxes	1,045,665	177.44
Individual income tax	139,991	23.76
Corporate income tax	694,798	117.90
Other taxes	304,055	51.60
Current charges	1,537,571	260.91
Miscellaneous general revenue	817,870	138.79
Utility revenue	-	-
Liquor store revenue	-	-
Insurance trust revenue	3,019,508	512.39
Total expenditure	22,164,577	3,761.17
Intergovernmental expenditure	5,301,665	899.65
Direct expenditure	16,862,912	2,861.52
Current operation	13,268,720	2,251.61
Capital outlay	1,297,615	220.20
Insurance benefits and repayments	1,566,111	265.76
Assistance and subsidies	548,261	93.04
Interest on debt	182,205	30.92
Exhibit: Salaries and wages	2,979,900	505.67
Total expenditure	22,164,577	3,761.17
General expenditure	20,593,636	3,494.59
Intergovernmental expenditure	5,301,665	899.65
Direct expenditure	15,291,971	2,594.94
General expenditures, by function:
Education	6,477,758	1,099.23
Public welfare	8,357,217	1,418.16
Hospitals	342,944	58.20
Health	962,310	163.30
Highways	1,545,491	262.26
Police protection	142,127	24.12
Correction	596,095	101.15
Natural resources	224,643	38.12
Parks and recreation	119,821	20.33
Government administration	495,428	84.07
Interest on general debt	182,205	30.92
Other and unallocable	1,147,597	194.74
Utility expenditure	4,830	.82
Liquor store expenditure	-	-
Insurance trust expenditure	1,566,111	265.76
Debt at end of fiscal year	3,580,940	607.66
Cash and security holdings	31,003,166	5,261.02

fection was 6 per 100,000 population. In 2004, the reported AIDS case rate was at about 13.1 per 100,000 population. In 2002, about 59% of the population was considered overweight or obese. As of 2004, about 26.1% of state residents were smokers, representing the third-highest percentage in the nation (following Kentucky and West Virginia).

In 2003, Tennessee had 125 community hospitals with about 20,300 beds. There were about 813,000 patient admissions that year and 10 million outpatient visits. The average daily inpatient census was about 12,400 patients. The average cost per day for hospital care was $1,187. Also in 2003, there were about 337 cer-tified nursing facilities in the state with 37,958 beds and an overall occupancy rate of about 88.3%. In 2004, it was estimated that about 71.5% of all state residents had received some type of dental care within the year. Tennessee had 262 physicians per 100,000 resident population in 2004 and 874 nurses per 100,000 in 2005. In 2004, there were a total of 3,027 dentists in the state.

Tennessee has four medical schools: two in Nashville (Vanderbilt University and Meharry Medical School), one at Johnson City (East Tennessee State University), and one at Memphis (University of Tennessee). The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital is well-know for its ongoing work in developing new treatments for genetic and terminal diseases among children.

With 28% of residents enrolled in Medicaid programs in 2004, Tennessee ranked with California and the District of Columbia as having the second highest percentage of residents on Medicaid (following Maine). About 15% were enrolled in Medicare programs in 2004. Approximately 14% of the state population was uninsured in 2004. In 2003, state health care expenditures totaled $8 million.

SOCIAL WELFARE

In 2004, about 168,000 people received unemployment benefits, with the average weekly unemployment benefit at $209. In fiscal year 2005, the estimated average monthly participation in the food stamp program included about 849,703 persons (374,011 households); the average monthly benefit was about $92.35 per person. That year, the total of benefits paid through the state for the food stamp program was about $941.6 million.

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), the system of federal welfare assistance that officially replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in 1997, was reauthorized through the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. TANF is funded through federal block grants that are divided among the states based on an equation involving the number of recipients in each state. Tennessee's TANF program is called Families First. In 2004, the state program had 190,000 recipients; state and federal expenditures on this TANF program totaled $165 million in fiscal year 2003.

In December 2004, Social Security benefits were paid to 1,069,600 Tennessee residents. This number included 627,080 retired workers, 112,330 widows and widowers, 171,850 disabled workers, 55,900 spouses, and 102,440 children. Social Security beneficiaries represented 18% of the total state population and 94.2% of the state's population age 65 and older. Retired workers received an average monthly payment of $929; widows and widowers, $843; disabled workers, $862; and spouses, $459. Payments for children of retired workers averaged $472 per month; children of deceased workers, $593; and children of disabled workers, $255. Federal Supplemental Security Income payments in December 2004 went to 160,521 Tennessee residents, averaging $377 a month.

HOUSING

In 2004, there were an estimated 2,595,060 housing units in the state, 2,314,688 of which were occupied; 70% were owner-occupied. About 68.4% of all units were single-family, detached homes. Electricity and utility gas were the most common energy sources for heating. It was estimated that 111,374 units lacked telephone service, 11,294 lacked complete plumbing facilities, and 10,036 lacked complete kitchen facilities. The average household had 2.48 members.

In 2004, 44,800 new privately owned housing units were authorized for construction. The median home value was $110,198. The median monthly cost for mortgage owners was $954. Renters paid a median of $564 per month. In September 2005, the state received grants of over $1.6 million from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for rural housing and economic development programs. For 2006, HUD allocated to the state over $26.9 million in community development block grants.

EDUCATION

The state assumed responsibility for education in 1873, when the legislature established a permanent school fund and made schools free to all persons between the ages of 6 and 21. In 1917, an eight-year elementary and four-year secondary school system was set up. Thirty years later, enactment of the state sales and use tax enabled state authorities to increase teachers' salaries by about 100% and to provide capital funds for a variety of expanded educational programs. In the early 1980s, Tennessee further improved its educational system by offering incentive pay to its teachers.

The 21st Century Schools Program adopted by the Tennessee General Assembly in 1992 provided K-12 public schools with nearly $1 billion in new state dollars—an increase of 90%. The program repealed 3,700 state rules and regulations, gave communities wide discretion over education decision-making, made local school systems more accountable for results, and funded 5,450 high-tech classrooms in Tennessee's public schools. In 1996/97, Tennessee pioneered a statewide network connecting every public school to museums, libraries, and databases available on the World Wide Web. Tennessee's Literacy 2000 initiative (begun in 1987) improved the adult literacy rate by 24% in its first four years.

In 2004, 82.9% of Tennessee residents age 25 and older were high school graduates; 24.3% had obtained a bachelor's degree or higher. The total enrollment for fall 2002 in Tennessee's public schools stood at 928,000. Of these, 674,000 attended schools from kindergarten through grade eight, and 254,000 attended high school. Approximately 70.7% of the students were white, 25% were black, 2.8% were Hispanic, 1.3% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and 0.2% were American Indian/Alaskan Native. Total enrollment was estimated at 925,000 in fall 2003 and expected to be 929,000 by fall 2014, an increase of 0.1% during the period 2002–14. Expenditures for public education in 2003/04 were estimated at $6.7 billion, or $6,504 per student, the seventh-lowest among the 50 states. There were 87,055 students enrolled in 551 private schools in fall 2003. Since 1969, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has tested public school students nationwide. The resulting report, The Nation's Report Card, stated that in 2005, eighth graders in Tennessee scored 271 out of 500 in mathematics compared with the national average of 278.

As of fall 2002, there were 261,899 students enrolled in college or graduate school; minority students comprised 21.4% of total postsecondary enrollment. In 2005 Tennessee had 95 degree-granting institutions. The University of Tennessee system has principal campuses at Knoxville, Memphis, Martin, and Chattanooga. Components of the State University and Community College System of Tennessee include Memphis State University (the largest), Tennessee Technological University at Cookeville, East Tennessee State University at Johnson City, Austin Peay State University at Clarksville, Tennessee State University at Nashville, and Middle Tennessee State University at Murfreesboro, along with 13 two-year community colleges located throughout the state. Well-known private colleges are Vanderbilt University at Nashville, the University of the South at Sewanee, and Rhodes College at Memphis. Vanderbilt has schools of medicine, law, divinity, nursing, business, and education, as well as an undergraduate program. Loan and grant programs are administered by the Tennessee Student Assistance Corporation.

ARTS

The Tennessee Arts Commission was created in 1967 and offers several grant opportunities for programs including Arts Education, the Individual Artist Fellowship, and Arts Build Communities. As of 2005, the Greater Memphis Arts Council was the eighth-largest United Arts Fund. Active in promoting the cultural and economic growth of the city, members help to encourage new businesses to relocate in Memphis based on the city's cultural advantages. In 2005, the Tennessee Arts Commission and other Tennessee arts organizations received 19 grants totaling $822,800 from the National Endowment for the Arts.

Humanities Tennessee, founded in 1973, sponsors a number of annual programs. As of 2005, annual programs included the Southern Festival of Books, the Tennessee Young Writers' Workshop, the Tennessee Community History Program, and Letters About Literature. In 2005, the National Endowment for the Humanities contributed $1,461,572 for 25 state programs.

Each of Tennessee's major cities has a symphony orchestra. The best known are the Memphis Symphony and the Nashville Symphony, the latter of which makes its home in the Tennessee Performing Arts Center. The Nashville Symphony began in 1920 as The Symphony Society—a group of amateur and professional musical artists. In 2005, the symphony's Principal Conductor Kenneth Schermerhorn passed away; he had conducted the symphony for over 20 years. Other buildings included in the Tennessee Performing Arts Center are three performing arts theaters and the State Museum. As of 2005, the Tennessee State museum was considered to be one of the largest state museums in the United States. The museum houses permanent collections highlighting the state's history, as well hosts special exhibits such as the 2006 Old Glory: An American Treasure Comes Home, an exhibition celebrating the return of the Civil War Old Glory flag to Tennessee after more than 100 years. The major operatic troupes are Nashville Opera, Knoxville Opera, and Opera Memphis. Opera Memphis celebrated 50 years of performing in 2006.

Nashville is known as "Music City, USA," the Grand Ole Opry, Country Music Hall of Fame, Ryman Auditorium, and numerous recording studios are located there. Among the leading art galleries are the Dixon Gallery and Gardens, the Cheekwood Botanical Gardens and Museum of Art in Nashville, the Knoxville Museum of Art, the Hunter Museum of American Art in Chattanooga, and the Brooks Museum of Art in Memphis founded in 1916—the oldest and largest fine arts museum in the state. The Brooks Museum's permanent collection highlights a variety of genres and eras including the Italian Renaissance and Baroque, French Impressionists, and a number of 20th century artists.

There are several state and local festivals reflecting the music and arts of the state. Elvis Week, in August, is celebrated each year in Memphis. Graceland is the site of the annual Elvis Presley Birthday Celebration (January) and Christmas at Graceland. The Dollywood theme park in Pigeon Force, created by singer Dolly Parton, presents several festivals and musical events each year. The Tennessee Association of Craft Artists presents three annual fairs. The Memphis in May International Festival includes the following programs: the Beale Street Music Festival, International Week, the World Championship Barbecue Cooking Contest, and Sunset Symphony (featuring the Memphis Symphony).

LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS

For the fiscal year ending in June 2001, Tennessee had 184 public library systems, with a total of 285 libraries, of which 101 were branches. In that same year, the state's public libraries had 10,080,000 volumes of books and serial publications, and a total circulation of 21,227,000. The system also had 335,000 audio and 299,000 video items, 9,000 electronic format items (CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, and disks), and two bookmobiles. Libraries and library associations were formed soon after Tennessee became a state. The Dickson Library at Charlotte was founded in 1811, and the Nashville Library Company in 1813. Not until 1854, however, was the first state-maintained library established. Andrew Johnson, the governor, requested a library appropriation of $5,000, telling legislators that he wanted other Tennesseans to have the opportunities that had been denied him.

Today, the institution he founded, the State Library at Nashville, with more than 637,371 volumes, has a renowned collection of state materials and is the repository for state records. In all, there are 16 public library systems in Tennessee. Their combined book stock exceeds 9.6 million volumes, and their total circulation is over 21 million. The largest libraries are the Vanderbilt University Library at Nashville (2,512,072 volumes), Memphis-Shelby County Library (1,938,685), Memphis State University Libraries (1,067,624), University of Tennessee at Knoxville Library (2,013,273), Knoxville-Knox County Library (865,088), and Chattanooga-Hamilton County Library (806,285). In fiscal year 2001, operating income for the state's public library system totaled $75,791,000 and included $438,000 in federal funds and $1,483,000 in state funds.

Tennessee has more than 127 museums and historic sites. The Tennessee State Museum in Nashville displays exhibits on pioneer life, military traditions, evangelical religion, and presidential lore. The Museum of Appalachia, near Norris, attempts an authentic replica of early Appalachian life, with more than 20,000 pioneer relics on display in several log cabins. Displays of solar, nuclear, and other energy technologies are featured at the American Museum of Science and Energy, at Oak Ridge. There are floral collections at the Goldsmith Civic Garden Center in Memphis, and the Tennessee Botanical Gardens and Fine Arts Center in Nashville.

COMMUNICATIONS

The first postal service across the state, by stagecoach, began operations in the early 1790s.

As of 2004, 92.8% of Tennessee's occupied housing units had telephones. Additionally, by June of that same year there were 2,337,367 mobile wireless telephone subscribers. In 2003, 54.9% of Tennessee households had a computer and 45.6% had Internet access. By June 2005, there were 464,917 high-speed lines in Tennessee, 414,608 residential and 50,309 for business.

Tennessee had 30 major AM stations and 80 major FM stations in 2005. There were 31 television stations in operation in 2005. In 1999, the Nashville area had 826,090 television households, 63% of which received cable. The Memphis area had 623,110 television homes, 64% of which ordered cable.

About 81,858 Internet domain names were registered in the state as of 2000.

PRESS

In 2005, there were 14 morning newspapers, 12 evening dailies, and 18 Sunday papers.

The following table lists leading Tennessee newspapers with their approximate daily circulation in 2005:

AREA	NAME	DAILY	SUNDAY
Chattanooga	Times Free Press (m,S)	86,968	99,775
Knoxville	News-Sentinel (m,S)	113,994	153,278
Memphis	Commercial Appeal (m,S)	179,468	235,889
Nashville	Tennessean (m,S)	170,361	238,126

Several dozen trade publications, such as Southern Lumberman, appear in Nashville, the state's major publishing center, where there is also a thriving religious publishing industry.

ORGANIZATIONS

In 2006, there were over 4,525 nonprofit organizations registered within the state, of which about 3,275 were registered as charitable, educational, or religious organizations.

Nashville is a center for Tennessee cultural and educational organizations. Among them are the American Association for State and Local History, the International Bluegrass Music Association, the Western Music Association, the Country Music Association, the Tennessee Historical Commission, and the Gospel Music Association. The Center for Southern Folklore is based in Memphis. The Tennessee Folklore Society is in Murfreesboro.

Professional and business associations include the American Board of Veterinary Practitioners, the Southern Cotton Association, National Cotton Council of America, the Tennessee Walking Horse Trainers' Association, and National Hardwood Lumber Manufacturing Association.

Several Christian denominations and organizations have their headquarters or major departmental offices in Tennessee. These include AMG International, Church of God World Missions, Gideons International, the National Association of Free Will Baptists, the National Baptist Convention-USA, the Presbyterian Evangelistic Fellowship, the United Methodist Youth Organization, and the World Convention of Churches of Christ.

TOURISM, TRAVEL, AND RECREATION

The natural beauty of Tennessee, combined with the activities of the Department of Tourist Development, has made tourism a major industry in the state. Tennessee was the first state to create a government department devoted solely to the promotion of tourism. In 2003, Tennessee employed 141,200 people in tourism related jobs.

Leading tourist attractions include Fort Loudoun, built by the British in 1757; the American Museum of Science and Energy at Oak Ridge; the William Blount Mansion at Knoxville; the Beale Street Historic District in Memphis, home of W. C. Handy, the "father of the blues"; Graceland, the Memphis estate of Elvis Presley, the Sun Music Co. which produced Elvis' records, the National Civil Rights Museum; and Opryland USA and the Grand Ole Opry at Nashville. There are three presidential homes—Andrew Johnson's at Greeneville, Andrew Jackson's Hermitage near Nashville, and James K. Polk's at Columbia. Pinson Mounds, near Jackson, offers outstanding archaeological treasures and the remains of an Indian city. Reservoirs and lakes attract thousands of anglers and water sports enthusiasts. The top attractions in 1998 included (with annual attendance records): Dollywood (2,200,000), Tennessee Aquarium (1,150,148), Bristol Motor Sports (1,050,000), Ober Gatlinburg (1,004,659), and Casey Jones Village (840,000). Memphis hosts the Memphis in May Festival which features jazz, barbecue, art and entertainment throughout the month. The Memphis Zoo is one of three zoos in the United States to feature pandas. Memphis is also home to Federal Express.

There are 33 state parks, almost all of which have camping facilities. Altogether, they cover 88,160 acres (35,678 hectares). Among the most visited state parks are the Meeman-Shelby Forest in Shelby County, Montgomery Bell in Dickson County, Cedars of Lebanon in Wilson County, and Natchez Trace in Henderson and Carroll counties. Cherokee National Park is the most visited national park in Tennessee (10,500,000). Extending into North Carolina, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park covers 241,207 acres (97,613 hectares) in Tennessee and receives approximately nine million visitors annually. Dollywood Amusement Park is in Pigeon Forge in the Great Smoky Mountains. Other popular national parks include the TVA's Land Between the Lakes National Historic Park (2,081,053), Cumberland Gap National Historic Park (1,500,000), and Chickamauga-Chattanooga National Military Park (1,022,500).

SPORTS

Tennessee has three major professional sports teams, the Titans of the National Football League, who relocated to Nashville from Houston before the 1997 season; the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League, who began play in 1999; and the Memphis Grizzlies, who relocated to Memphis from Vancouver in 2001. Minor league baseball teams play throughout the state including cities such as Chattanooga, Memphis, Elizabethton, Johnson City, Jackson, Kingsport, Knoxville, Greeneville, and Nashville.

Tennessee's colleges and universities provide the major fall and winter sports. The University of Tennessee Volunteers and Vanderbilt University Commodores, in the Southeastern Conference, compete nationally in football, basketball, and baseball. Austin Peay and Tennessee Technological universities belong to the Ohio Valley Conference. The University of Tennessee won the Sugar Bowl in 1943, 1971, 1986, and 1991, the Fiesta Bowl in 1999, and the Florida Citrus Bowl in 1996 and 1997. The Volunteers were named national champions in 1951 and then again in 1999. The University of Tennessee's women's basketball team, the Lady Vols, won National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) titles in 1987, 1989, 1991, 1996, 1997, and 1998. They have won more games than any other NCAA basketball team in the country. Other annual sporting events include the Iroquois steeplechase in Nashville in May and two NASCAR races at the Bristol Motor Speedway, one in March and one in August. Basketball Hall of Fame member Oscar Robertson and track and field legend Wilma Rudolph were both born and raised in Tennessee.

FAMOUS TENNESSEANS

Andrew Jackson (b.South Carolina, 1767–1845), the seventh president, moved to Tennessee as a young man. He won renown in the War of 1812 and became the first Democratic president in 1828. Jackson's close friend and associate, James Knox Polk (b.North Carolina, 1795–1849), came to Tennessee at the age of 10. He was elected the nation's 11th president in 1844 and served one term. Andrew Johnson (b.North Carolina, 1808–75) also a Democrat, remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War and was elected vice president with Abraham Lincoln in 1864. He became president upon Lincoln's assassination in 1865 and served out his predecessor's second term. Impeached because of a dispute over Reconstruction policies and presidential power, Johnson escaped conviction by one vote in 1868. Albert Gore Jr. (b.Washington, DC, 1948), was elected vice president in 1992 and 1996 on the Democratic ticket with Bill Clinton; Gore, whose father was a prominent US senator from Tennessee, had previously served in the Senate as well.

Supreme Court justices from Tennessee include John Catron (b.Pennsylvania, 1786–1865), Howell Jackson (1832–95), James C. McReynolds (b.Kentucky, 1862–1946), and Edward T. Sanford (1865–1930). Tennesseans who became cabinet officials include Secretary of State Cordell Hull (1871–1955), secretaries of war John Eaton (1790–1856) and John Bell (1797–1869), Secretary of the Treasury George Campbell (b.Scotland, 1769–1848), and attorneys general Felix Grundy (b.Virginia, 1777–1840) and James C. McReynolds.

Other nationally prominent political figures from Tennessee are Cary Estes Kefauver (1903–63), two-term US senator who ran unsuccessfully for vice president in 1956 on the Democratic ticket; Albert Gore Sr. (1907–98), three-term member of the US Senate; and Howard Baker (b.1925), who in 1966 became the first popularly elected Republican senator in Tennessee history. Three Tennesseans have been speaker of the US House of Representatives: James K. Polk, John Bell, and Joseph W. Byrns (1869–1936). Nancy Ward (1738–1822) was an outstanding Cherokee leader, and Sue Shelton White (1887–1943) played a major role in the campaign for women's suffrage.

Tennessee history features several military leaders and combat heroes. John Sevier (b.Virginia, 1745–1815), the first governor of the state, defeated British troops at Kings Mountain in the Revolution. David "Davy" Crockett (1786–1836) was a frontiersman who fought the British with Jackson in the War of 1812. Sam Houston (b.Virginia, 1793–1863) also fought in the War of 1812 and was governor of Tennessee before migrating to Texas. Nathan Bedford Forrest (1821–77) and Sam Davis (1842–63) were heroes of the Civil War. Sergeant Alvin C. York (1887–1964) won the Medal of Honor for his bravery in World War I.

Cordell Hull was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his work on behalf of the United Nations. In 1971, Earl W. Sutherland Jr. (b.Kansas 1915–75), a biomedical scientist at Vanderbilt University, won a Nobel Prize for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of hormones. Outstanding educators include Philip Lindsey (1786–1855), a Presbyterian minister and first president of the University of Nashville, and Alexander Heard (b.Georgia, 1917), nationally known political scientist and chancellor of Vanderbilt University.

Famous Tennessee writers are Mary Noailles Murfree (1850–1922), who used the pseudonym Charles Egbert Craddock; influential poet and critic John Crowe Ransom (1888–1974); author and critic James Agee (1909–55), posthumously awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his novel A Death in the Family; poet Randall Jarrell (1914–65), winner of two National Book Awards; and Wilma Dykeman (b.1920), novelist and historian. Peter Taylor (Trenton, Tenn., 1917–94) won a Pulitzer in 1987 for A Summons to Memphis. Sportswriter Grantland Rice (1880–1954) was born in Murfreesboro.

Tennessee has long been a center of popular music. Musician and songwriter William C. Handy (1873–1958) wrote "St Louis Blues" and "Memphis Blues," among other classics. Bessie Smith (1898?–1937) was a leading blues singer. Elvis Presley (b.Mississippi, 1935–77) fused rhythm-and-blues with country-and-western styles to become one of the most popular entertainers in US history. Other Tennessee-born singers are Dinah Shore (1917–1994), Aretha Franklin (b.1942), and Dolly Parton (b.1946). Morgan Freeman, star of movies including Driving Miss Daisy, was born in Memphis in 1937.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atkins, Jonathan M. Parties, Politics, and the Sectional Conflict in Tennessee, 1832–1861. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1997.

Ballard, Michael B. U. S. Grant: The Making of a General, 1861–1863. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.

Council of State Governments. The Book of the States, 2006 Edition. Lexington, Ky.: Council of State Governments, 2006.

Feeney, Kathy. Tennessee Facts and Symbols. Mankato, Minn.: Bridgestone Books, 2000.

Hsiung, David C. Two Worlds in the Tennessee Mountains: Exploring the Origins of Appalachian Stereotypes. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1997.

Kosser, Michael. How Nashville Became Music City, U.S.A.: 50 Years of Music Row. Milwaukee, Wis.: Hal Leonard, 2006.

Lepa, Jack H. Breaking the Confederacy: The Georgia and Tennessee Campaigns of 1864. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2005.

Lovett, Bobby L. The Civil Rights Movement in Tennessee: A Narrative History. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2005.

Norman, Corrie E., and Don S. Armentrout (eds.). Religion in the Contemporary South: Changes, Continuities, and Contexts. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2005.

Olmstead, Marty. Hidden Tennessee. Berkeley, Calif.: Ulysses Press, 1999.

Patterson, Christine P. Haunting Memories: Echoes and Images of Tennessee's Past. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1996.

US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau. Tennessee, 2000. Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics: 2000 Census of Population and Housing. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 2003.

Worldmark Encyclopedia of the States

Tennessee

views updated May 18 2018

Tennessee

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NUTRITION, COLLEGE OF NUTRITION

1204 -D Kenesaw, Sequoyah Hills Center
Knoxville, TN 37919-7736
Tel: (865)524-8079
Free: 800-290-4226
Fax: (865)524-8339
E-mail: aantn@aol.com
Web Site: http://www.nutritioneducation.com/
President/CEO: Christof Ballin
Admissions: Jennifer Green
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Costs Per Year: Tuition: $3950 full-time, $150 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $200 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Part-time tuition varies according to program. Calendar System: Continuous, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 2, PT 4 Student-Faculty Ratio: 29:1 Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: DETC

AMERICAN BAPTIST COLLEGE OF AMERICAN BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

1800 Baptist World Center Dr.
Nashville, TN 37207
Tel: (615)256-1463
E-mail: mlockhart@abcnash.edu
Web Site: http://www.abcnash.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Forest E. Harris, Sr.
Registrar: Theresa Chandler
Admissions: Marcella Lockhart
Financial Aid: Theresa Chandler
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baptist % Accepted: 27 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: July 12 Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Tuition: $4032 full-time, $168 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $140 full-time, $140 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. College room only: $1600. Room charges vary according to housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 64, PT 48 Faculty: FT 4, PT 12 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 % Receiving Financial Aid: 75 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 20 Library Holdings: 33,383 Credit Hours For Degree: 68 credit hours, Associates; 128 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AABC

AQUINAS COLLEGE

4210 Harding Rd.
Nashville, TN 37205-2005
Tel: (615)297-7545
Free: 800-649-9956
Fax: (615)297-7970
Web Site: http://www.aquinas-tn.edu/
President/CEO: Thomas Aquinas Halbmaier, OP
Registrar: Sr. Mary Julius
Admissions: Diane LeJeune
Financial Aid: Zelena O'Sullivan
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic; The Dominican Sisters of the Saint Cecilia Congregation Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $13,620 full-time, $454 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $425 full-time, $150 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 25, PT 63 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 80 Library Holdings: 46,549 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates; 126 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: NLN

ARGOSY UNIVERSITY/NASHVILLE

341 Cool Springs Blvd., Ste. 210
Franklin, TN 37067-7226
Tel: (615)369-0616
Fax: (615)369-0601
Web Site: http://www.argosyu.edu/Type: Two-Year Upper Division Sex: Coed Calendar System: Semester Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools

AUSTIN PEAY STATE UNIVERSITY

601 College St.
Clarksville, TN 37044-0001
Tel: (931)221-7011
Free: 800-844-2778
Admissions: (931)221-7661
Fax: (931)221-5994
E-mail: mcdonalds@apsu.edu
Web Site: http://www.apsu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Sherry L. Hoppe
Registrar: Sheila McCoy
Admissions: Scott McDonald
Financial Aid: Donna Price
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 93% SAT V 400+; 88% SAT M 400+; 64% ACT 18-23; 23% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 91 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: July 29 Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $15. State resident tuition: $3678 full-time, $161 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $12,990 full-time, $565 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $957 full-time, $41 per credit hour part-time, $4 per term part-time. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to location. College room and board: $4800. College room only: $2900. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 6,348, PT 1,868, Grad 597 Faculty: FT 290, PT 174 Student-Faculty Ratio: 21:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 70 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 15 Library Holdings: 400,000 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates; 128 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: CSWE, NAACLS, NASAD, NASM, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Riflery W; Soccer W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field W; Volleyball W

BAPTIST COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

1003 Monroe Ave.
Memphis, TN 38104
Tel: (901)227-4330; (866)575-2247
Admissions: (901)572-2465
Web Site: http://www.bchs.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Rose Temple
Admissions: Cynthia Davis
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Southern Baptist; Baptist Memorial Health Care Corporation Admission Plans: Early Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Faculty: FT 49, PT 28 Exams: ACT, Other % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 12 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACN, CARC, JRCEDMS, JRCNMT

BELMONT UNIVERSITY

1900 Belmont Blvd.
Nashville, TN 37212-3757
Tel: (615)460-6000
Free: 800-56E-NROL
Admissions: (615)460-6785
E-mail: buadmission@belmont.edu
Web Site: http://www.belmont.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Robert C. Fisher
Registrar: Steven Reed
Admissions: Dr. Kathryn Baugher
Financial Aid: Patricia Smedley
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baptist Scores: 99.8% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 33.1% ACT 18-23; 54.2% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 72 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. Comprehensive fee: $25,910 includes full-time tuition ($16,360), mandatory fees ($900), and college room and board ($8650). College room only: $5300. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time and course load. Room and board charges vary according to board plan, housing facility, and location. Part-time tuition: $625 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $300 per term. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,287, PT 358, Grad 674 Faculty: FT 214, PT 247 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 51 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 57 Library Holdings: 184,835 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Navy Professional Accreditation: AACSB, AACN, AOTA, APTA, CSWE, NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

BETHEL COLLEGE

325 Cherry Ave.
McKenzie, TN 38201
Tel: (731)352-4000
Admissions: (731)352-4030
Fax: (731)352-4069
Web Site: http://www.bethel-college.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Robert Prosser
Registrar: Shirley Martin
Admissions: Tina Hodges
Financial Aid: Laura Bateman
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Cumberland Presbyterian Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 54% ACT 18-23; 11% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 915, PT 219, Grad 118 Faculty: FT 55, PT 19 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 50 Library Holdings: 83,919 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 semester hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

BRYAN COLLEGE

PO Box 7000
Dayton, TN 37321-7000
Tel: (423)775-2041
Free: 800-277-9522
Fax: (423)775-7330
E-mail: admissions@bryan.edu
Web Site: http://www.bryan.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Stephen D. Livesay
Registrar: Janet Piatt
Admissions: Michael Sapienza
Financial Aid: Michael Sapienza
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: interdenominational % Accepted: 76 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $19,270 includes full-time tuition ($14,800) and college room and board ($4470). Part-time tuition: $625 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 757, PT 18 Faculty: FT 35, PT 35 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 75 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 74 Library Holdings: 98,413 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates; 124 semester hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Soccer M & W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

CARSON-NEWMAN COLLEGE

1646 Russell Ave., PO Box 557
Jefferson City, TN 37760
Tel: (865)471-2000
Free: 800-678-9061
Admissions: (865)471-3223
Fax: (865)471-3502
E-mail: cnadmiss@cn.edu
Web Site: http://www.cn.edu/
President/CEO: James S. Netherton
Registrar: Edward Hart
Admissions: Tom Huebner
Financial Aid: Parker Leake
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Southern Baptist Scores: 51% ACT 18-23; 28% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 78 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $21,260 includes full-time tuition ($15,300), mandatory fees ($760), and college room and board ($5200). College room only: $2250. Part-time tuition: $635 per semester hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,759, PT 92, Grad 142 Faculty: FT 128, PT 67 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 72 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 51 Library Holdings: 218,371 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACN, AAFCS, NASAD, NASM, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

CHATTANOOGA STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE

4501 Amnicola Hwy.
Chattanooga, TN 37406-1097
Tel: (423)697-4400
Admissions: (423)697-4401
Fax: (423)697-4709
E-mail: diane.norris@chattanoogastate.edu
Web Site: http://www.chattanoogastate.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. James L. Catanzaro
Registrar: Julie Bennett
Admissions: Diane Norris
Financial Aid: Mary Knaff
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 49% ACT 18-23; 7% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $15. State resident tuition: $2142 full-time, $91 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8556 full-time, $369 per semester hour part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,533, PT 4,303 Faculty: FT 201, PT 425 Student-Faculty Ratio: 22:1 Library Holdings: 73,334 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ADA, AHIMA, APTA, CARC, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Softball W

CHRISTIAN BROTHERS UNIVERSITY

650 East Parkway South
Memphis, TN 38104-5581
Tel: (901)321-3000
Free: 800-288-7576
Admissions: (901)321-3205
Fax: (901)321-3202
E-mail: tdysart@cbu.edu
Web Site: http://www.cbu.edu/
President/CEO: Br. Stanislaus Sobczyk, FSC
Registrar: Barbara Havey
Admissions: Tracey Dysart-Ford
Financial Aid: James R. Shannon
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic Scores: 96% SAT V 400+; 99% SAT M 400+; 47% ACT 18-23; 41% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 72 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: March 01 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $24,650 includes full-time tuition ($18,630), mandatory fees ($520), and college room and board ($5500). College room only: $2480. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $585 per credit hour. Part-time tuition varies according to class time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,151, PT 342, Grad 285 Faculty: FT 102, PT 52 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 68 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 31 Library Holdings: 92,000 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 122 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Navy, Air Force Professional Accreditation: ABET Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

CLEVELAND STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

PO Box 3570
Cleveland, TN 37320-3570
Tel: (423)472-7141
Admissions: (423)478-6212
Fax: (423)478-6255
E-mail: mburnette@clevelandstatecc.edu
Web Site: http://www.clevelandstatecc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Carl Hite
Registrar: Midge Burnette
Admissions: Midge Burnette
Financial Aid: Geraldine Parks
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents % Accepted: 61 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $2142 full-time, $91 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8556 full-time, $369 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $263 full-time, $28.25 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,586, PT 1,441 Faculty: FT 72, PT 118 Student-Faculty Ratio: 29:1 Library Holdings: 65,347 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: AAMAE, NAIT, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Softball W

COLUMBIA STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

PO Box 1315
Columbia, TN 38402-1315
Tel: (931)540-2722
Admissions: (931)540-2545
Fax: (931)540-2535
Web Site: http://www.columbiastate.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. O. Rebecca Hawkins
Registrar: Sharon Bowen
Admissions: Sharon Bowen
Financial Aid: Dr. Dan Opalewski
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 55.3% ACT 18-23; 10.8% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,423, PT 2,190 Faculty: FT 98, PT 159 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 61,200 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 66 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: CARC, JRCERT, JRCEMT, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Softball W

CONCORDE CAREER COLLEGE

5100 Poplar Ave., Ste. 132
Memphis, TN 38137
Tel: (901)761-9494
Fax: (901)761-3293
Web Site: http://www.concordecareercolleges.com/
Financial Aid: Jeanette Garrison
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Professional Accreditation: COE

CRICHTON COLLEGE

255 North Highland St.
Memphis, TN 38111
Tel: (901)320-9700
Free: 800-960-9777
Admissions: (901)320-9797
Fax: (901)320-9709
Web Site: http://www.crichton.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Larry B. Lloyd
Registrar: Camille E. Patterson
Admissions: Carolyn Cates
Financial Aid: Dede Pirtle
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: nondenominational Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 56% ACT 18-23; 22% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $9960 full-time, $415 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $209 full-time, $12 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and program. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to program. College room only: $3600. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 503, PT 469 Faculty: FT 34, PT 73 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 66 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 5 Library Holdings: 54,175 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 semester hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M

CUMBERLAND UNIVERSITY

One Cumberland Square
Lebanon, TN 37087-3408
Tel: (615)444-2562
Free: 800-467-0562
Fax: (615)444-2569
E-mail: epawlawski@cumberland.edu
Web Site: http://www.cumberland.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Harvill C. Eaton
Registrar: Regena B. Poss
Admissions: Eddie Pawlawski
Financial Aid: Larry B. Vaughan
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 49% ACT 18-23; 20% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 69 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $18,564 includes full-time tuition ($13,344), mandatory fees ($400), and college room and board ($4820). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $557 per semester hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 937, PT 146, Grad 425 Faculty: FT 60, PT 38 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT, SAT I % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 43 Library Holdings: 50,000 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates; 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: ACBSP, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

DRAUGHONS JUNIOR COLLEGE (CLARKSVILLE)

1860 Wilma Rudolph Blvd.
Clarksville, TN 37040
Tel: (931)552-7600
Fax: (931)552-3624
Web Site: http://www.draughons.edu/
President/CEO: John Hinds
Registrar: Angie Sanford
Financial Aid: Teresa Clark
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACICS

DRAUGHONS JUNIOR COLLEGE (NASHVILLE)

340 Plus Park Blvd.
Nashville, TN 37217
Tel: (615)361-7555
Web Site: http://www.draughons.edu/
Registrar: Janice Darity
Financial Aid: Bob Hobart
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 25, PT 30 Library Holdings: 3,250 Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACICS

DYERSBURG STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

1510 Lake Rd.
Dyersburg, TN 38024
Tel: (731)286-3200
Admissions: (731)286-3327
Fax: (731)286-3325
E-mail: gullet@dscc.edu
Web Site: http://www.dscc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Karen A. Bowyer
Registrar: J. Dan Gullett
Admissions: Dan J. Gullett
Financial Aid: Sandra Rockett
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 49.3% ACT 18-23; 5.4% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 99 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted. For adult students: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $2142 full-time, $91 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8556 full-time, $369 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $251 full-time. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,428, PT 1,029 Faculty: FT 57, PT 148 Student-Faculty Ratio: 24:1 Library Holdings: 44,033 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Softball W

EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY

807 University Parkway
Johnson City, TN 37614
Tel: (423)439-1000
Free: 800-462-3878
Admissions: (423)439-4213
Fax: (423)439-5770
E-mail: go2etsu@etsu.edu
Web Site: http://www.etsu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Paul E. Stanton, Jr.
Registrar: Paul Hayes
Admissions: Dr. Nancy Dishner
Financial Aid: Margaret Miller
Type: University Sex: Coed Affiliation: State University and Community College System of Tennessee, Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 89.9% SAT V 400+; 93.9% SAT M 400+; 57.4% ACT 18-23; 29% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 81 Admission Plans: Early Admission Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $15. State resident tuition: $3678 full-time, $161 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $12,990 full-time, $565 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $809 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and program. College room and board: $4822. College room only: $2512. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 8,183, PT 1,587, Grad 1,886 Faculty: FT 480, PT 309 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 56 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 20 Library Holdings: 1,073,382 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates; 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ACEJMC, AAFCS, AAMAE, ACA, ADA, ADtA, APTA, ASLHA, CARC, CEPH, CSWE, JRCERT, LCMEAMA, NAACLS, NASAD, NASM, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

ELECTRONIC COMPUTER PROGRAMMING COLLEGE

3805 Brainerd Rd.
Chattanooga, TN 37411-3798
Tel: (423)624-0077
Web Site: http://www.ecpconline.com/
President/CEO: William Faour
Registrar: William Faour
Admissions: Toney McFadden
Financial Aid: Evenyn Davis
Type: Two-Year College Scholarships: Available Enrollment: FT 178 Faculty: FT 9, PT 4 Student-Faculty Ratio: 20:1 Professional Accreditation: ACCSCT

FISK UNIVERSITY

1000 17th Ave. North
Nashville, TN 37208-3051
Tel: (615)329-8500
Free: 800-443-FISK
Admissions: (615)329-8819
Fax: (615)329-8576
E-mail: admit@fisk.edu
Web Site: http://www.fisk.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Hazel R. O'Leary
Registrar: Lisa Dixon
Admissions: Keith Chandler
Financial Aid: Mark Adkins
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: United Church of Christ Scores: 89% SAT V 400+; 83% SAT M 400 + % Accepted: 80 Application Deadline: March 01 Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. Comprehensive fee: $19,910 includes full-time tuition ($12,480), mandatory fees ($700), and college room and board ($6730). College room only: $3910. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Part-time tuition: $520 per credit hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 788, PT 46, Grad 56 Faculty: FT 56, PT 35 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 94%Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 68 Library Holdings: 127,070 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Navy Professional Accreditation: ACBSP, NASM Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

FOUNTAINHEAD COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

3203 Tazewell Pike
Knoxville, TN 37918-2530
Tel: (865)688-9422; 888-218-7335
Fax: (865)688-2419
Web Site: http://www.fountainheadcollege.edu/
President/CEO: Richard Rackley
Registrar: Nancy Rackley
Admissions: Todd Hill
Financial Aid: Jana Deal
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $100.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 9, PT 1 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Library Holdings: 1,200 Credit Hours For Degree: 75 credits, Associates; 120 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ACCSCT

FREE WILL BAPTIST BIBLE COLLEGE

3606 West End Ave.
Nashville, TN 37205-2498
Tel: (615)844-5000
Free: 800-763-9222
Admissions: (615)844-1500
Fax: (615)269-6028
Web Site: http://www.fwbbc.edu/
President/CEO: Matthew Pinson
Registrar: Fred Burch
Admissions: Dr. Milton Fields
Financial Aid: Jeff Caudill
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Free Will Baptist Scores: 51% ACT 18-23; 22% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 67 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. Comprehensive fee: $15,874 includes full-time tuition ($10,470), mandatory fees ($696), and college room and board ($4708). Part-time tuition: $349 per semester hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 23, PT 24 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 71 Library Holdings: 131,200 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 66 semester hours, Associates; 124 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AABC Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W

FREED-HARDEMAN UNIVERSITY

158 East Main St.
Henderson, TN 38340-2399
Tel: (731)989-6000
Free: 800-630-3480
Admissions: (731)989-6651
Fax: (731)989-6047
E-mail: admissions@fhu.edu
Web Site: http://www.fhu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Milton R. Sewell
Registrar: Larry R. Oldham
Admissions: Wayne Scott
Financial Aid: Lawrence P. Cyr
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Church of Christ Scores: 53% ACT 18-23; 32% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 99 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Tuition: $11,000 full-time. Mandatory fees: $2092 full-time. College room only: $3700. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,402, PT 98, Grad 530 Faculty: FT 106, PT 41 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 75 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 81 Library Holdings: 154,689 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 132 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ACBSP, CSWE, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

HIGH-TECH INSTITUTE (MEMPHIS)

5865 Shelby Oaks Circle
Memphis, TN 38134
Tel: (901)387-4555
Web Site: http://www.high-techinstitute.com/
President/CEO: Larry Collins
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Calendar System: Semester Professional Accreditation: ACCSCT

HIGH-TECH INSTITUTE (NASHVILLE)

2710 Old Lebanon Rd., Ste. 12
Nashville, TN 37214
Tel: (615)902-9705
Free: 800-987-0110
Fax: (615)902-9766
E-mail: dmartinez@hightechschools.com
Web Site: http://www.high-techinstitute.com/
President/CEO: Lisa Bacon
Admissions: David Martinez
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Calendar System: Semester Professional Accreditation: ACCSCT

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (KNOXVILLE)

10208 Technology Dr.
Knoxville, TN 37932
Tel: (865)671-2800
Fax: (865)691-0337
Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/
President/CEO: David W. Reynolds
Admissions: Dave Reynolds
Financial Aid: Kellie M. Armtrong
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: ITT Educational Services, Inc Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $100.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $100. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Not available Exams: Other Credit Hours For Degree: 96 credit hours, Associates; 180 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ACICS

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (MEMPHIS)

1255 Lynnfield Rd., Ste. 92
Memphis, TN 38119
Tel: (901)762-0556
Admissions: (901)381-0200
Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/
President/CEO: David Scarbro
Registrar: Patricia Holland
Admissions: Brenda Nash
Financial Aid: Gary Owens
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: ITT Educational Services, Inc Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $100.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $100. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Not available Exams: Other Credit Hours For Degree: 96 credit hours, Associates; 180 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ACICS

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (NASHVILLE)

2845 Elm Hill Pike
Nashville, TN 37214-3717
Tel: (615)889-8700
Fax: (615)872-7209
Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/
President/CEO: James R. Coakley
Admissions: Jim Coakley
Financial Aid: James Blackburn
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: ITT Educational Services, Inc Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: RollingApplication Fee: $100.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $100. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Not available Exams: Other Credit Hours For Degree: 96 credit hours, Associates; 180 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ACICS

JACKSON STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

2046 North Parkway
Jackson, TN 38301-3797
Tel: (731)424-3520
Admissions: (731)425-2644
Fax: (731)425-2647
E-mail: mray@jscc.edu
Web Site: http://www.jscc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Charlie D. Roberts, Jr.
Registrar: Frances Edmonson
Admissions: Monica Ray
Financial Aid: Dewana Latimer
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents % Accepted: 84 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 29 Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $2142 full-time, $91 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8556 full-time, $369 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $253 full-time, $9 per credit hour part-time, $14 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,048, PT 1,818 Faculty: FT 120, PT 96 Student-Faculty Ratio: 22:1 Exams: ACT, Other Library Holdings: 63,620 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: APTA, ACBSP, CARC, JRCERT, JRCEMT, NAACLS, NAIT, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Softball W

JOHN A. GUPTON COLLEGE

1616 Church St.
Nashville, TN 37203-2920
Tel: (615)327-3927
Web Site: http://www.guptoncollege.edu/
President/CEO: B. Steven Spann
Registrar: Lisa Bolin
Admissions: Lisa Bolin
Financial Aid: Alvin Oliver
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Enrollment: FT 91, PT 6 Faculty: FT 2, PT 16 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: ACT Library Holdings: 4,000 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 65 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABFSE

JOHNSON BIBLE COLLEGE

7900 Johnson Dr.
Knoxville, TN 37998-1001
Tel: (865)573-4517
Free: 800-827-2122
Admissions: (865)251-2346
Fax: (865)251-2337
E-mail: twingfield@jbc.edu
Web Site: http://www.jbc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. David L. Eubanks
Registrar: Sandra Blevins
Admissions: Tim Wingfield
Financial Aid: Janette Overton
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Christian Churches and Churches of Christ Scores: 93% SAT V 400+; 93% SAT M 400+; 47% ACT 18-23; 34% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. Comprehensive fee: $10,580 includes full-time tuition ($5800), mandatory fees ($690), and college room and board ($4090). College room only: $2595. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $242 per semester hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $20.42 per semester hour. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 728, PT 28, Grad 133 Faculty: FT 26, PT 32 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: ACT, SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 87 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 88 Library Holdings: 104,808 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 semester hours, Associates; 124 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AABC Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Soccer M & W; Volleyball W

KING COLLEGE

1350 King College Rd.
Bristol, TN 37620-2699
Tel: (423)968-1187
Free: 800-362-0014
Admissions: (423)652-4861
Fax: (423)968-4456
E-mail: admissions@king.edu
Web Site: http://www.king.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Gregory D. Jordan
Registrar: Sarah Dillow
Admissions: Melinda Clark
Financial Aid: Brenda Clark
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) Scores: 91.4% SAT V 400+; 97.5% SAT M 400+; 60.6% ACT 18-23; 30% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 95 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Comprehensive fee: $24,545 includes full-time tuition ($17,291), mandatory fees ($1054), and college room and board ($6200). College room only: $3100. Part-time tuition: $575 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 803, PT 70, Grad 97 Faculty: FT 50, PT 44 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 76 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 56 Library Holdings: 80,888 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

LAMBUTH UNIVERSITY

705 Lambuth Blvd.
Jackson, TN 38301
Tel: (731)425-2500
Free: 800-526-2884
Admissions: (731)425-3288
Fax: (731)988-4600
E-mail: burnley@lambuth.edu
Web Site: http://www.lambuth.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. R. Fred Zuker
Registrar: Nita Maxey Pearce
Admissions: Reuben Burnley
Financial Aid: Lisa Warmath
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: United Methodist Scores: 98% SAT V 400+; 98% SAT M 400+; 49% ACT 18-23; 42% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 65 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $23,090 includes full-time tuition ($15,980), mandatory fees ($400), and college room and board ($6710). College room only: $3195. Part-time tuition: $665 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $200 per term. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 766, PT 39 Faculty: FT 52, PT 27 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 69 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 59 Library Holdings: 272,435 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ACBSP Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

LANE COLLEGE

545 Ln. Ave.
Jackson, TN 38301-4598
Tel: (731)426-7500
Free: 800-960-7533
Admissions: (731)426-7533
Fax: (731)426-7559
Web Site: http://www.lanecollege.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Wesley C. McClure
Registrar: Cynthia Murry
Admissions: E. Brown
Financial Aid: Ursula Singleton
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Christian Methodist Episcopal Church Scores: 36% ACT 18-23; 2% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Decision Plan Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Comprehensive fee: $11,710 includes full-time tuition ($6576), mandatory fees ($600), and college room and board ($4534). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition: $292 per hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,035, PT 10 Faculty: FT 51, PT 1 Student-Faculty Ratio: 20:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 95 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 60 Library Holdings: 143,940 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 semester hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

LEE UNIVERSITY

PO Box 3450
Cleveland, TN 37320-3450
Tel: (423)614-8000
Free: 800-533-9930
Admissions: (423)614-8500
Fax: (423)614-8533
Web Site: http://www.leeuniversity.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Paul Conn
Registrar: Phillip M. Barber
Admissions: Phillip Cook
Financial Aid: Mike Ellis
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Church of God Scores: 92.6% SAT V 400+; 90.3% SAT M 400+; 40.8% ACT 18-23; 35.7% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 61 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: September 01 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $14,780 includes full-time tuition ($9400), mandatory fees ($210), and college room and board ($5170). College room only: $2680. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $392 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $30 per term. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,316, PT 332, Grad 282 Faculty: FT 148, PT 164 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Exams: ACT, SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 60 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 44 Library Holdings: 145,435 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 130 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NASM Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

LEMOYNE-OWEN COLLEGE

807 Walker Ave.
Memphis, TN 38126-6595
Tel: (901)774-9090
Admissions: (901)435-1550
Fax: (901)942-6272
E-mail: mark_green@loc.edu
Web Site: http://www.loc.edu/
President/CEO: James J. Wingate
Registrar: Clifford Merryman
Admissions: Mark Green
Financial Aid: Phyllis Wilson
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: United Church of Christ Scores: 21% ACT 18-23; 2% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 38 Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Deadline: April 01 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $19,278 includes full-time tuition ($14,458), mandatory fees ($200), and college room and board ($4620). College room only: $2420. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 684, PT 125 Faculty: FT 59, PT 3 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 92 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 20 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M; Golf M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

LINCOLN MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY

6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway
Harrogate, TN 37752-1901
Tel: (423)869-3611
Free: 800-325-0900
Admissions: (423)869-6280
Fax: (423)869-6250
E-mail: admissions@lmunet.edu
Web Site: http://www.lmunet.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Nancy B. Moody
Registrar: Helen Bailey
Admissions: Conrad Daniels
Financial Aid: Christy Graham
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 50% ACT 18-23; 39% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 37 Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $18,982 includes full-time tuition ($13,750) and college room and board ($5232). Part-time tuition: $573 per credit. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,012, PT 304, Grad 1,486 Faculty: FT 86, PT 66 Student-Faculty Ratio: 9:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 63 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 32 Library Holdings: 145,537 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates; 128 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: CSWE, JRCEPAT, NAACLS, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

LIPSCOMB UNIVERSITY

3901 Granny White Pike
Nashville, TN 37204-3951
Tel: (615)269-1000; 877-582-4766
Fax: (615)269-1804
E-mail: admissions@lipscomb.edu
Web Site: http://www.lipscomb.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Stephen Flatt
Registrar: Janet Cates
Admissions: Ricky Holaway
Financial Aid: Karita Waters
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Church of Christ Scores: 98% SAT V 400+; 99% SAT M 400+; 45% ACT 18-23; 39% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 76 Admission Plans: Early Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. Comprehensive fee: $20,967 includes full-time tuition ($13,928), mandatory fees ($629), and college room and board ($6410). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time and degree level. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $525 per hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $629 per year. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to class time and degree level. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,070, PT 227, Grad 186 Faculty: FT 119, PT 77 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 52 Library Holdings: 202,378 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 132 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: ADtA, ACBSP, ATS, CSWE, JRCEPAT, NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

MARTIN METHODIST COLLEGE

433 West Madison St.
Pulaski, TN 38478-2716
Tel: (931)363-9868
Free: 800-467-1273
Admissions: (931)363-9804
Fax: (931)363-9818
Web Site: http://www.martinmethodist.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Ted R. Brown
Registrar: Sherry E. Yokley
Admissions: Tony Booker
Financial Aid: Ann Neville
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: United Methodist Scores: 63% ACT 18-23; 20% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 483, PT 231 Faculty: FT 33, PT 29 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 54 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 26 Library Holdings: 84,000 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 63 hours, Associates; 120 hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

MARYVILLE COLLEGE

502 East Lamar Alexander Parkway
Maryville, TN 37804-5907
Tel: (865)981-8000
Free: 800-597-2687
Admissions: (865)981-8206
Fax: (865)983-0581
E-mail: admissions@maryvillecollege.edu
Web Site: http://www.maryvillecollege.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Gerald W. Gibson
Registrar: Martha Hess
Admissions: Ned Willard
Financial Aid: Richard Brand
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Presbyterian Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 97% SAT M 400+; 46% ACT 18-23; 42% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 79 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Action; Early Decision Plan; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: March 01 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $29,224 includes full-time tuition ($21,624), mandatory fees ($600), and college room and board ($7000). College room only: $3500. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Room and board charges vary according to board plan, housing facility, and location. Part-time tuition: $901 per hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $13.50 per hour. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: 4-1-4, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,120, PT 26 Faculty: FT 73, PT 37 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 77 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 70 Library Holdings: 128,022 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NASM Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Equestrian Sports M & W; Football M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

MEDVANCE INSTITUTE

1065 East 10th St.
Cookeville, TN 38501-1907
Tel: (931)526-3660
Free: 800-256-9085
Fax: (931)372-2603
Web Site: http://www.medvance.org/
President/CEO: Deborah K. Schwarzberg
Registrar: Judy Maxwell
Admissions: Sharon Mellott
Financial Aid: Cynthia Voiles
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 231 Faculty: FT 8, PT 0 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: Other Credit Hours For Degree: 96 quarter hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: COE, NAACLS

MEMPHIS COLLEGE OF ART

Overton Park, 1930 Poplar Ave.
Memphis, TN 38104-2764
Tel: (901)272-5100
Free: 800-727-1088
Admissions: (901)272-5153
Fax: (901)272-5104
E-mail: amoore@mca.edu
Web Site: http://www.mca.edu/
President/CEO: Jeffrey Nesin
Registrar: Sylvia Bond
Admissions: Annette Moore
Financial Aid: Cindy Stanley
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 42% ACT 18-23; 28% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 51 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $17,400 full-time, $2225 per course part-time. Mandatory fees: $60 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 270, PT 44, Grad 12 Faculty: FT 21, PT 24 Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 77 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 37 Library Holdings: 14,500 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NASAD

MID-AMERICA BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

PO Box 381528
Germantown, TN 38183-1528
Tel: (901)751-8453
Web Site: http://www.mabts.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Michael Spradlin
Registrar: Louise Burnett
Admissions: Duffy Guyton
Financial Aid: Jay Jones
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Southern Baptist Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Deadline: August 04 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $3600 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 37, PT 25, Grad 215 Faculty: FT 27 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Library Holdings: 119,000 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates

MIDDLE TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY

1301 East Main St.
Murfreesboro, TN 37132
Tel: (615)898-2300
Free: 800-433-MTSU
Admissions: (615)898-2111
E-mail: admissions@mtsu.edu
Web Site: http://www.mtsu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Sidney A. McPhee
Registrar: Teresa Thomas
Admissions: Lynn Palmer
Financial Aid: David L. Hutton
Type: University Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 94% SAT V 400+; 94% SAT M 400+; 62% ACT 18-23; 30% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 85 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: July 01 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. State resident tuition: $3678 full-time, $161 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $12,990 full-time, $565 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $922 full-time. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. College room and board: $5626. College room only: $3478. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 17,291, PT 3,098, Grad 2,165 Faculty: FT 881 Student-Faculty Ratio: 22:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 48 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 20 Library Holdings: 748,888 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 65 semester hours, Associates; 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ACEJMC, AACN, AAFCS, ACA, CAA, CSWE, FIDER, NAIT, NASM, NCATE, NLN, NRPA Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Equestrian Sports M & W; Football M; Golf M; Soccer W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

MILLER-MOTTE TECHNICAL COLLEGE

1820 Business Park Dr.
Clarksville, TN 37040
Tel: (931)553-0071
Admissions: 800-558-0071
Fax: (931)552-2916
E-mail: lisateague@hotmail.com
Web Site: http://www.miller-motte.com/
President/CEO: Raymond Green
Registrar: Patricia Kline
Admissions: Lisa Teague
Financial Aid: Donna A. Green
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter Professional Accreditation: ACICS, AAMAE

MILLIGAN COLLEGE

PO Box 500
Milligan College, TN 37682
Tel: (423)461-8700
Admissions: (423)461-8730
Fax: (423)461-8960
E-mail: admissions@milligan.edu
Web Site: http://www.milligan.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Donald R. Jeanes
Registrar: Sue Skidmore
Admissions: Tracy Brinn
Financial Aid: Nancy Beverly
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Christian Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 99% SAT M 400+; 47% ACT 18-23; 45% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 78 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $21,990 includes full-time tuition ($16,730), mandatory fees ($510), and college room and board ($4750). College room only: $2350. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $290 per credit. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 730, PT 23, Grad 201 Faculty: FT 69, PT 39 Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 88 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 78 Library Holdings: 147,491 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AACN, AOTA, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

MOTLOW STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

PO Box 8500
Lynchburg, TN 37352-8500
Tel: (931)393-1500
Fax: (931)393-1681
E-mail: galsup@mscc.edu
Web Site: http://www.mscc.cc.tn.us/
President/CEO: Dr. Arthur L. Walker, Jr.
Admissions: Greer Alsup
Financial Aid: Joe Myers
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 80% SAT V 400+; 70% SAT M 400+; 56% ACT 18-23; 8% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 13 Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $2142 full-time, $91 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $6414 full-time, $278 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $247 full-time, $40 per credit part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and program. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,015, PT 1,392 Faculty: FT 74, PT 133 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Library Holdings: 54,968 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACBSP, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Softball W

NASHVILLE AUTO DIESEL COLLEGE

1524 Gallatin Rd.
Nashville, TN 37206-3298
Tel: (615)226-3990
Free: 800-228-NADC
Fax: (615)262-8488
Web Site: http://www.nadcedu.com/
President/CEO: Jeremy D. Gibson
Registrar: Chastity Lovvorn
Admissions: Peggie Werrbach
Financial Aid: Beatrice LaChance
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed % Accepted: 89 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $100.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $100. Tuition: $20,500 full-time. Mandatory fees: $100 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Continuous, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 1,306 Faculty: FT 73, PT 4 Student-Faculty Ratio: 30:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 21 Library Holdings: 1,309 Professional Accreditation: ACCSCT

NASHVILLE STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE

120 White Bridge Rd.
Nashville, TN 37209-4515
Tel: (615)353-3333
Free: 800-272-7363
Admissions: (615)353-3217
Fax: (615)353-3243
Web Site: http://www.nscc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. George H. Van Allen
Registrar: Mira Fleischman
Admissions: Charlie McCorkle
Financial Aid: Stephen White
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $5.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $5. State resident tuition: $2367 full-time, $91 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8781 full-time, $369 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $235 full-time, $10 per credit hour part-time, $5 per term part-time. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,421, PT 4,600 Faculty: FT 136, PT 276 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 38,502 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, AOTA, ACBSP

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY (BRISTOL)

1328 Hwy. 11 West
Bristol, TN 37620
Tel: (423)878-4440
E-mail: adm@educorp.edu
Web Site: http://www.ncbt.edu/
President/CEO: Frank Longaker
Admissions: Angela Carrier
Financial Aid: Cheryl Wright
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: National College of Business and Technology Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Tuition: $6408 full-time, $178 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $75 full-time, $15 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 7, PT 23 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Credit Hours For Degree: 96 quarter hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACICS, AAMAE

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY (KNOXVILLE)

8415 Kingston Pike
Knoxville, TN 37919
Tel: (865)539-2011
Free: 800-664-1886
Fax: (865)539-2049
E-mail: awills@ncbt.edu
Web Site: http://www.ncbt.edu/
President/CEO: Frank Alvey
Admissions: Andy W. Wills
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: National College of Business and Technology Calendar System: Quarter Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY (NASHVILLE)

Ste. 200, 5042 Linbar Dr.
Nashville, TN 37211
Tel: (615)333-3344
Free: 800-664-1886
Web Site: http://www.ncbt.edu/
President/CEO: Frank Longaker
Admissions: Robert Leonard
Financial Aid: Anna Counts
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: National College of Business and Technology Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Tuition: $6408 full-time, $178 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $75 full-time, $15 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 2, PT 39 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Credit Hours For Degree: 96 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACICS, AAMAE

NORTH CENTRAL INSTITUTE

168 Jack Miller Blvd.
Clarksville, TN 37042
Tel: (931)431-9700
Fax: (931)431-9771
E-mail: admissions@nci.edu
Web Site: http://www.nci.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. John D. McCurdy
Admissions: Sheri Nash-Kutch
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. Tuition: $14,800 full-time, $60 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $800 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Continuous, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 52, PT 78 Faculty: FT 6, PT 11 Student-Faculty Ratio: 8:1 Library Holdings: 200 Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credits, Associates Professional Accreditation: COE

NORTHEAST STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE

PO Box 246
Blountville, TN 37617-0246
Tel: (423)323-3191
Admissions: (423)354-2589
Fax: (423)323-0215
E-mail: phsweeney@northeaststate.edu
Web Site: http://www.northeaststate.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. William W. Locke
Registrar: Dr. Jon Pharr
Admissions: Patrick H. Sweeney
Financial Aid: Cruzita Lucero
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 48.6% ACT 18-23; 7.1% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $2404 full-time, $91 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $6414 full-time, $278 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $262 full-time, $12 per hour part-time, $18 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,610, PT 2,250 Faculty: FT 99, PT 144 Student-Faculty Ratio: 22:1 Library Holdings: 44,997 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: AAMAE, ADA, ACBSP, NAACLS, NAIT

NOSSI COLLEGE OF ART

907 Two Mile Parkway, Ste. E-6
Goodlettsville, TN 37072-2319
Tel: (615)851-1088
Fax: (615)851-1087
E-mail: cyrus@nossi.com
Web Site: http://www.nossi.com/
President/CEO: Nossi Vatandoost
Registrar: Bonnie Mears
Admissions: Cyrus Vatandoost
Financial Aid: Mary Kidd
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Enrollment: FT 250 Faculty: FT 4, PT 25 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Professional Accreditation: ACCSCT

O'MORE COLLEGE OF DESIGN

423 South Margin St.
Franklin, TN 37064-2816
Tel: (615)794-4254
Fax: (615)790-1662
Web Site: http://www.omorecollege.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. K. Mark Hilliard
Registrar: Amy Shelton
Admissions: Chris Lee
Financial Aid: Amy Shelton
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 90, PT 37 Faculty: FT 7, PT 47 Student-Faculty Ratio: 3:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 4,000 Credit Hours For Degree: 128 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ACCSCT, FIDER

PELLISSIPPI STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE

PO Box 22990
Knoxville, TN 37933-0990
Tel: (865)694-6400
Admissions: (865)539-7013
E-mail: latouzeau@pstcc.cc.tn.us
Web Site: http://www.pstcc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Allen G. Edwards
Registrar: Sheryl Burnette
Admissions: Leigh Touzeau
Financial Aid: Patricia Peace
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 55.4% ACT 18-23; 12.3% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $5.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted. For non-degree seeking applicants 21 or over: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $5. Area resident tuition: $100 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $1227 full-time. Nonresident tuition: $4563 full-time, $397 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $2500 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,882, PT 3,804 Faculty: FT 169, PT 243 Student-Faculty Ratio: 21:1 Library Holdings: 43,000 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ACBSP

REMINGTON COLLEGE-MEMPHIS CAMPUS

2731 Nonconnah Blvd.
Memphis, TN 38132-2131
Tel: (901)291-4200
Admissions: (901)291-4225
Fax: (901)396-8310
E-mail: lori.may@remingtoncollege.edu
Web Site: http://www.remingtoncollege.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Lori May
Registrar: Gloria Williams
Admissions: Dr. Lori May
Financial Aid: Lisa Wilson
Type: Two-Year College Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter Enrollment: FT 600 Faculty: FT 35, PT 10 Professional Accreditation: ACCSCT

REMINGTON COLLEGE-NASHVILLE CAMPUS

441 Donnelson Pike, Ste. 150
Nashville, TN 37214
Tel: (615)889-5520
Fax: (615)889-5528
E-mail: frank.vivelo@remingtoncollege.edu
Web Site: http://www.remingtoncollege.edu/
President/CEO: Frank Vivelo
Admissions: Frank Vivelo
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Calendar System: Quarter

RHODES COLLEGE

2000 North Parkway
Memphis, TN 38112-1690
Tel: (901)843-3000
Free: 800-844-5969
Admissions: (901)843-3700
Fax: (901)843-3719
E-mail: adminfo@rhodes.edu
Web Site: http://www.rhodes.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. William E. Troutt
Registrar: Glenn W. Munson
Admissions: David J. Wottle
Financial Aid: Forrest Stuart
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Presbyterian Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 99.72% SAT M 400+; 9.24% ACT 18-23; 63.36% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 49 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Decision Plan; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $45.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $45. Comprehensive fee: $34,760 includes full-time tuition ($27,546), mandatory fees ($310), and college room and board ($6904). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to student level. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Part-time tuition: $1000 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 1,641, PT 36, Grad 15 Faculty: FT 141, PT 43 Student-Faculty Ratio: 9:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 37 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 76 Library Holdings: 274,886 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 112 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Field Hockey W; Football M; Golf M & W; Lacrosse M & W; Rugby M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

ROANE STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

276 Patton Ln.
Harriman, TN 37748-5011
Tel: (865)354-3000
Admissions: (865)882-4523
Fax: (865)882-4562
Web Site: http://www.roanestate.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Wade B. McCamey
Registrar: Brenda Rector
Admissions: Judith Tyl
Financial Aid: Joy Goldberg
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 59.5% ACT 18-23; 10.4% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $1952 full-time, $83 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $7798 full-time, $346 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $265 full-time, $15 per semester hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and program. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,873, PT 2,282 Faculty: FT 130, PT 227 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Library Holdings: 66,024 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: ADA, AHIMA, AOTA, APTA, COptA, CARC, JRCERT, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Softball W

SEWANEE: THE UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH

735 University Ave.
Sewanee, TN 37383-1000
Tel: (931)598-1000
Free: 800-522-2234
Admissions: (931)598-1238
Fax: (931)598-1145
E-mail: admiss@sewanee.edu
Web Site: http://www.sewanee.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Joel Cunningham
Registrar: Paul G. Wiley
Admissions: David Lesesne
Financial Aid: David R. Gelinas
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Episcopal Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 15.52% ACT 18-23; 63.93% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 67 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Decision Plan; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: February 01 Application Fee: $45.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED not accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $45. Comprehensive fee: $34,645 includes full-time tuition ($26,874), mandatory fees ($221), and college room and board ($7550). College room only: $3860. Part-time tuition: $975 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,410, PT 22, Grad 13 Faculty: FT 130, PT 44 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 47 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 92 Library Holdings: 648,459 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 130 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AClPE, ATS Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Crew M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Equestrian Sports M & W; Fencing M & W; Field Hockey W; Football M; Golf M & W; Lacrosse M & W; Rugby M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

SOUTH COLLEGE

720 North Fifth Ave.
Knoxville, TN 37917
Tel: (865)524-3043
Fax: (865)673-8019
Web Site: http://www.southcollegetn.edu/
President/CEO: Stephen A. South
Registrar: Kim Hatfield
Admissions: Walter Hosea
Financial Aid: Jeanne Stewart
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 443 Faculty: FT 18, PT 50 Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1 Exams: Other Library Holdings: 6,500 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 94 quarter hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: AAMAE, AOTA, APTA

SOUTHEASTERN CAREER COLLEGE

2416 South 21st Ave., Ste. 300
Nashville, TN 37212
Tel: (615)269-9900
Free: 800-336-4457
Fax: (615)297-6678
Web Site: http://www.southeasterncareercollege.com/Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Professional Accreditation: COE

SOUTHERN ADVENTIST UNIVERSITY

PO Box 370
Collegedale, TN 37315-0370
Tel: (423)236-2000
Free: 800-768-8437
Admissions: (423)236-2844
Fax: (423)236-1000
E-mail: admissions@southern.edu
Web Site: http://www.southern.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Gordon Bietz
Registrar: Joni Zier
Admissions: Marc Grundy
Financial Aid: Marc Grundy
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Seventh-day Adventist Scores: 54% ACT 18-23; 27% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 69 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $19,388 includes full-time tuition ($14,300), mandatory fees ($484), and college room and board ($4604). College room only: $2604. Part-time tuition: $604 per semester hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,083, PT 307, Grad 132 Faculty: FT 131, PT 86 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I and SAT II or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 69 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 59 Library Holdings: 139,200 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates; 124 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: CSWE, NASM, NCATE, NLN

SOUTHWEST TENNESSEE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

PO Box 780
Memphis, TN 38101-0780
Tel: (901)333-5000; 877-717-STCC
Admissions: (901)333-4221
Fax: (901)333-4273
E-mail: bwells@southwest.tn.edu
Web Site: http://www.southwest.tn.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Nathan Essex
Registrar: Thelma Harris
Admissions: Barbara Wells
Financial Aid: Kathryn Johnson
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 35% ACT 18-23; 3% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: September 01 Application Fee: $5.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $5. State resident tuition: $2184 full-time, $91 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8856 full-time, $369 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $213 full-time, $28 per credit hour part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 5,656, PT 5,900 Faculty: FT 252, PT 314 Library Holdings: 87,280 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: ABET, APTA, ACBSP, JRCERT, NAACLS, NLN

TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY

3500 John A Merritt Blvd.
Nashville, TN 37209-1561
Tel: (615)963-5000
Admissions: (615)963-5101
Fax: (615)963-5108
E-mail: jcade@picard.tnstate.edu
Web Site: http://www.tnstate.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. James A. Hefner
Registrar: Vickie Holmes
Admissions: Dr. John Cade
Financial Aid: Mary Chambliss
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 80.75% SAT V 400+; 78.89% SAT M 400+; 49.7% ACT 18-23; 3.96% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 36 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $15. State resident tuition: $4414 full-time, $336 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $13,726 full-time, $740 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $225 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and program. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. College room and board: $4270. College room only: $2460. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 5,873, PT 1,163, Grad 1,844 Faculty: FT 431, PT 173 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 73 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 39 Library Holdings: 580,650 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 65 semester hours, Associates; 132 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Navy, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, AAFCS, ADA, AHIMA, AOTA, APA, ASLHA, CARC, CSWE, NAACLS, NASAD, NASM, NASPAA, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

TENNESSEE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

North Dixie Ave.
Cookeville, TN 38505
Tel: (931)372-3101
Free: 800-255-8881
Admissions: (931)372-3888
Fax: (931)372-6250
E-mail: admissions@tntech.edu
Web Site: http://www.tntech.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Robert Bell
Registrar: Yvonne Gribble
Admissions: Rebecca Tolbert
Financial Aid: Dr. Ray Holbrook
Type: University Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 96% SAT V 400+; 97% SAT M 400+; 52% ACT 18-23; 37% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 75 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $15. State resident tuition: $4660 full-time. Nonresident tuition: $14,620 full-time. College room and board: $6650. College room only: $3096. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 6,453, PT 802, Grad 2,058 Faculty: FT 380, PT 180 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Exams: ACT, SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 51 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 28 Library Holdings: 640,056 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, AAFCS, NAIT, NASAD, NASM, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Riflery M & W; Soccer W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field W; Volleyball W

TENNESSEE TEMPLE UNIVERSITY

1815 Union Ave.
Chattanooga, TN 37404-3587
Tel: (423)493-4100
Free: 800-553-4050
Admissions: (423)493-4371
Fax: (423)493-4497
Web Site: http://www.tntemple.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Roger Stiles
Registrar: Richard D. Vaupel
Admissions: Chris Dooley
Financial Aid: Del Hamilton
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baptist Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $13,430 includes full-time tuition ($7000), mandatory fees ($1000), and college room and board ($5430). Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Part-time tuition: $300 per semester hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $200 per term. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 397, PT 30 Faculty: FT 24, PT 23 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 64 Library Holdings: 150,711 Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credit hours, Associates; 128 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: TACCS Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Soccer M; Volleyball W

TENNESSEE WESLEYAN COLLEGE

PO Box 40
Athens, TN 37371-0040
Tel: (423)745-7504
Free: 800-PICK-TWC
Admissions: (423)746-5203
Fax: (423)744-9968
Web Site: http://www.twcnet.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Floyd Falany
Registrar: Vicki Burkett
Admissions: Dr. Scott Mashburn
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: United Methodist Scores: 92% SAT V 400+; 92% SAT M 400+; 61% ACT 18-23; 25% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $18,650 includes full-time tuition ($13,000), mandatory fees ($550), and college room and board ($5100). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to location. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $375 per semester hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $180 per term. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to class time and location. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 687, PT 128 Faculty: FT 45, PT 50 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 80 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 27 Library Holdings: 79,328 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

TREVECCA NAZARENE UNIVERSITY

333 Murfreesboro Rd.
Nashville, TN 37210-2877
Tel: (615)248-1200; 888-210-4TNU
Admissions: (615)248-1320
Fax: (615)248-7728
E-mail: admissions_und@trevecca.edu
Web Site: http://www.trevecca.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Millard Reed
Registrar: Rebecca Niece
Admissions: Jan R. Forman
Financial Aid: Chuck Seaman
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Nazarene Scores: 93% SAT V 400+; 90% SAT M 400+; 54% ACT 18-23; 29% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 69 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: July 01 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $21,244 includes full-time tuition ($14,774) and college room and board ($6470). College room only: $2920. Part-time tuition: $569 per semester hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 987, PT 258, Grad 951 Faculty: FT 73, PT 144 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 63 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 57 Library Holdings: 106,802 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates; 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: NASM Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Volleyball W

TUSCULUM COLLEGE

60 Shiloh Rd.
Greeneville, TN 37743-9997
Tel: (423)636-7300
Free: 800-729-0256
Fax: (423)638-7166
Web Site: http://www.tusculum.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Dolphus Henry
Registrar: Nancy J. Thompson
Financial Aid: Pat Shannon
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Presbyterian Scores: 88% SAT V 400+; 92% SAT M 400+; 60% ACT 18-23; 20% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 67 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Comprehensive fee: $22,715 includes full-time tuition ($15,900), mandatory fees ($315), and college room and board ($6500). Part-time tuition: $695 per semester hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,240, PT 49, Grad 367 Faculty: FT 80, PT 70 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 68 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 65 Library Holdings: 49,905 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 credit hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

UNION UNIVERSITY

1050 Union University Dr.
Jackson, TN 38305-3697
Tel: (731)668-1818
Free: 800-33-UNION
Admissions: (731)661-5102
Fax: (731)661-5187
E-mail: rgrimm@uu.edu
Web Site: http://www.uu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. David S. Dockery
Registrar: Jane Betts
Admissions: Rich Grimm
Financial Aid: Bryan Nelson
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Southern Baptist Scores: 97. 41% SAT V 400+; 96.52% SAT M 400+; 38.02% ACT 18-23; 45.52% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 86 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Action; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $21,920 includes full-time tuition ($15,900), mandatory fees ($550), and college room and board ($5470). College room only: $3290. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time, course load, location, and program. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and location. Part-time tuition: $530 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: 4-1-4, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,611, PT 475, Grad 780 Faculty: FT 152, PT 126 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT, SAT II % Receiving Financial Aid: 71 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 56 Library Holdings: 135,877 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 66 semester hours, Associates; 128 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACN, CSWE, NASAD, NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS

Memphis, TN 38152
Tel: (901)678-2000
Free: 800-669-2678
Admissions: (901)678-2101
Fax: (901)678-3053
E-mail: dwallace@memphis.edu
Web Site: http://www.memphis.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Shirley C. Raines
Registrar: Noel A. Schwartz
Admissions: David Wallace
Financial Aid: Richard Ritzman
Type: University Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 93.1% SAT V 400+; 94.2% SAT M 400+; 54.4% ACT 18-23; 24.9% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 71 Admission Plans: Early Admission Application Deadline: July 01 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. State resident tuition: $4216 full-time, $178 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $14,030 full-time, $588 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $868 full-time, $62 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and program. College room and board: $6069. College room only: $2950. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 11,568, PT 4,197, Grad 4,292 Faculty: FT 743, PT 542 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 53 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 16 Library Holdings: 1,149,177 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Navy, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ACEHSA, ACEJMC, AACN, AAFCS, ABA, ACA, ADtA, ACSP, APA, ASLHA, AALS, CORE, CSWE, FIDER, NASAD, NASM, NASPAA, NAST NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Racquetball M & W; Riflery M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX-NASHVILLE CAMPUS

616 Marriott Dr., Ste. 150
Nashville, TN 37214
Tel: (615)872-0188
Free: 800-228-7240
Admissions: (480)557-1712
Web Site: http://www.phoenix.edu/
Admissions: Nina Omelchanko
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $110.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $110. Tuition: $10,170 full-time, $339 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $560 full-time, $70 per course part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Continuous, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 909, Grad 382 Faculty: FT 6, PT 123 Student-Faculty Ratio: 8:1 Library Holdings: 444 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates; 120 credits, Bachelors

THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE

Knoxville, TN 37996
Tel: (865)974-1000
Admissions: (865)974-2184
Web Site: http://www.tennessee.edu/
President/CEO: John D. Petersen
Registrar: Monique Anderson
Admissions: Richard Bayer
Financial Aid: Jeff Gerkin
Type: University Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Tennessee System Scores: 99% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 29% ACT 18-23; 56% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 74 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission; Early Admission; Early Action; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: February 01 Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. State resident tuition: $5290 full-time, $193 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $16,360 full-time, $642 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $336 full-time, $30 per hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to location and program. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to location and program. College room and board: $5560. College room only: $2890. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 18,739, PT 1,493, Grad 8,731 Faculty: FT 1,356, PT 30 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 37 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 37 Library Holdings: 24,437,024 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ACEJMC, AAFCS, AANA, ABA, ACA, ADtA, ACSP, ALA, APA, ASLHA, AVMA, AClPE, AALS, CEPH, CORE, CSWE, FIDER, JRCNMT NAACLS, NASAD, NASM, NASPAA, NCATE, NLN, NRPA, SAF Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Crew W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE AT CHATTANOOGA

615 McCallie Ave.
Chattanooga, TN 37403-2598
Tel: (423)425-4111
Admissions: (423)425-4662
Fax: (423)425-4157
Web Site: http://www.utc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Bill W. Stacy
Registrar: Dr. Judy Fry
Admissions: Yancy Freeman
Financial Aid: Jonathan Looney
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Tennessee System Scores: 55% ACT 18-23; 25% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 84 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. State resident tuition: $4500 full-time, $236 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $14,024 full-time, $614 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $900 full-time. College room and board: $6238. College room only: $3790. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 6,190, PT 1,087, Grad 1,314 Faculty: FT 371, PT 252 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT, SAT II % Receiving Financial Aid: 50 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 33 Library Holdings: 491,179 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ACEJMC, AACN, AANA, ACA, APTA, CSWE, FIDER, NASAD, NASM, NASPAA, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Crew M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE AT MARTIN

University St.
Martin, TN 38238-1000
Tel: (731)881-7000
Free: 800-829-8861
Admissions: (731)881-7032
Fax: (731)881-7029
E-mail: jrayburn@utm.edu
Web Site: http://www.utm.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Nick Dunagan
Registrar: Brandy Cartmell
Admissions: Judy Rayburn
Financial Aid: Sandy Neel
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Tennessee System Scores: 61.31% ACT 18-23; 27.9% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 78 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. State resident tuition: $3744 full-time, $156 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $12,798 full-time, $534 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $749 full-time, $33 per credit hour part-time. College room and board: $4220. College room only: $2000. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 5,016, PT 926, Grad 542 Faculty: FT 245, PT 171 Student-Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 58 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 37 Library Holdings: 621,025 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ACEJMC, AAFCS, ADtA, CSWE, NASM, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M; Riflery M & W; Soccer W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY

Nashville, TN 37240-1001
Tel: (615)322-7311
Free: 800-288-0432
Admissions: (615)322-2561
Fax: (615)343-7765
E-mail: admissions@vanderbilt.edu
Web Site: http://www.vanderbilt.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. E. Gordon Gee
Registrar: R. Gary Gibson
Admissions: Bill Shain
Financial Aid: Dr. David D. Mohning
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 4.5% ACT 18-23; 33% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 35 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Decision Plan; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: January 03 Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. Comprehensive fee: $41,986 includes full-time tuition ($30,920), mandatory fees ($780), and college room and board ($10,286). College room only: $6760. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 6,295, PT 107, Grad 3,817 Faculty: FT 785 Student-Faculty Ratio: 9:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT, SAT II % Receiving Financial Aid: 40 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 83 Library Holdings: 1,812,869 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Navy, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ABA, ACNM, ACA, ADtA, APA, ASLHA, AClPE, AALS, ATS, JRCNMT, LCMEAMA, NAACLS, NASM, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Crew M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Equestrian Sports M & W; Fencing M & W; Field Hockey M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Ice Hockey M & W; Lacrosse M & W; Rugby M & W; Sailing M & W; Soccer M & W; Squash M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball M & W; Water Polo M & W; Wrestling M & W

VATTEROTT COLLEGE

6152 Macon Rd.
Memphis, TN 38134
Tel: (901)761-5730
Fax: (901)761-5730
Web Site: http://www.vatterott-college.edu/
President/CEO: Mark DeFusco
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Calendar System: Semester Professional Accreditation: ACCSCT

VOLUNTEER STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

1480 Nashville Pike
Gallatin, TN 37066-3188
Tel: (615)452-8600; 888-335-8722
Fax: (615)230-3577
Web Site: http://www.volstate.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Warren Nichols
Registrar: Janice R. Roark
Admissions: Tim Amyx
Financial Aid: Sue H. Pedigo
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 53.4% ACT 18-23; 8.6% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: September 01 Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $2142 full-time, $91 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8556 full-time, $369 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $241 full-time, $9 per credit hour part-time, $8 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,503, PT 3,647 Faculty: FT 146, PT 235 Student-Faculty Ratio: 20:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 52,571 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ADA, AHIMA, APTA, ACBSP, CARC, JRCERT, JRCEMT Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Softball W

WALTERS STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

500 South Davy Crockett Parkway
Morristown, TN 37813-6899
Tel: (423)585-2600
Admissions: (423)585-2680
E-mail: pam.goodman@ws.edu
Web Site: http://www.ws.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Jack E. Campbell
Registrar: James Wilder
Admissions: Dr. Pamela Goodman
Financial Aid: Linda Mason
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tennessee Board of Regents Scores: 80% SAT V 400+; 80% SAT M 400+; 34% ACT 18-23; 20% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $2142 full-time, $91 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8556 full-time, $391 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $239 full-time, $15 per hour part-time, $7 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,101, PT 2,863 Faculty: FT 126, PT 162 Student-Faculty Ratio: 22:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 47,559 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: ACF, APTA, ACBSP, CARC, NAIT, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Golf M; Softball W

WATKINS COLLEGE OF ART AND DESIGN

2298 MetroCenter Blvd.
Nashville, TN 37228
Tel: (615)383-4848
Fax: (615)383-4849
Web Site: http://www.watkins.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Jim Brooks
Registrar: John Hinds
Admissions: Connie Baer
Financial Aid: Regina Gilbert
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed % Accepted: 79 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: June 01 Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. Tuition: $12,000 full-time, $500 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $720 full-time, $30 per hour part-time. College room only: $5600. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 214, PT 161, Grad 18 Faculty: FT 17, PT 48 Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 60 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 12 Library Holdings: 5,000 Credit Hours For Degree: 84 credit hours, Associates; 120 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: FIDER, NASAD

WILLIAMSON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

200 Seaboard Ln.
Franklin, TN 37067
Tel: (615)771-7821
Fax: (615)771-7810
Web Site: http://www.williamsoncc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Kenneth W. Oosting
Registrar: Steven T. Smith
Admissions: Steven T. Smith
Financial Aid: Jeanie Maguire
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: interdenominational Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $7560 full-time, $295 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $50 full-time, $15 per course part-time. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Tuition guaranteed not to increase for student's term of enrollment. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 60, PT 10 Faculty: FT 4, PT 25 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: ACT, SAT II % Receiving Financial Aid: 18 Library Holdings: 16,000 Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates; 124 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AABC, TACCS

College Blue Book

Tennessee

views updated May 14 2018

Tennessee

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NUTRITION, COLLEGE OF NUTRITION

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, A

AMERICAN BAPTIST COLLEGE OF AMERICAN BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

Bible/Biblical Studies, AB

Theology/Theological Studies, B

AQUINAS COLLEGE

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, AB

Theology/Theological Studies, B

ARGOSY UNIVERSITY/NASHVILLE

Counseling Psychology, M

AUSTIN PEAY STATE UNIVERSITY

Agriculture, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business/Commerce, B

Business/Office Automation/Technology/Data Entry, A

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical Psychology, M

Communication and Media Studies, M

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, O

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Education, MO

Educational Administration and Supervision, O

Educational Leadership and Administration, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, O

Engineering Technology, B

English, M

English Education, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Studies, B

Exercise and Sports Science, M

Foreign Languages and Literatures, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

Health and Physical Education, B

Health Education, M

History, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Music, BM

Music Teacher Education, M

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Philosophy, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, BM

Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiographer, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

School Psychology, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, O

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Technology Education/Industrial Arts, A

Theater, M

BAPTIST COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

Diagnostic Medical Sonography/Sonographer and Ultrasound Technician, B

Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, B

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, B

Nuclear Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiographer, B

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, B

BELMONT UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Advertising, B

Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services, MD

Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Applied Mathematics, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Bilingual and Multilingual Education, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Composition, M

Computer Programming/Programmer, B

Computer Science, B

Consumer Merchandising/Retailing Management, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, B

Developmental and Child Psychology, B

Divinity/Ministry (BD, MDiv.), B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, BM

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering Science, B

English, M

English Education, M

English Language and Literature, B

European Studies/Civilization, B

Finance, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Health and Physical Education, B

Health Teacher Education, B

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

History, B

Information Science/Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Journalism, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, M

Middle School Education, M

Modern Greek Language and Literature, B

Music, BM

Music History, Literature, and Theory, B

Music Management and Merchandising, B

Music Teacher Education, BM

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, MD

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, B

Performance, M

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physical Therapy/Therapist, D

Physics, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication, B

Radio and Television, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Sacred Music, M

Sales, Distribution and Marketing Operations, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Studies Teacher Education, M

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, M

Voice and Opera, B

Writing, M

BETHEL COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Education, BM

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Education, M

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Health and Physical Education, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Human Services, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Mathematics, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Physician Assistant, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Psychology, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, M

Social Studies Teacher Education, M

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

BRYAN COLLEGE

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business/Corporate Communications, B

Christian Studies, B

Communication, Journalism and Related Programs, B

Communications Technology/Technician, B

Comparative Literature, B

Computer Science, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Health and Physical Education, B

History, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, AB

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Management and Merchandising, B

Music Pedagogy, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Musical Instrument Fabrication and Repair, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Communication, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religious Education, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Voice and Opera, B

Wind and Percussion Instruments, B

CARSON-NEWMAN COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Child Development, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Comparative Literature, B

Computer Science, B

Consumer Services and Advocacy, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Creative Writing, B

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Developmental and Child Psychology, B

Dietetics/Dieticians, B

Divinity/Ministry (BD, MDiv.), A

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Drawing, B

Economics, B

Education, BM

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English as a Second Language, M

English Language and Literature, B

Family and Consumer Economics and Related Services, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, B

Fashion Merchandising, B

Film/Cinema Studies, B

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

French Language and Literature, B

History, B

Hospital and Health Care Facilities Administration/Management, B

Human Services, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Interior Design, B

International Economics, B

Journalism, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Music Theory and Composition, B

Nursing, M

Nursing - Advanced Practice, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Philosophy, B

Photography, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Voice and Opera, B

CHATTANOOGA STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Advertising, A

Airline/Commercial/Professional Pilot and Flight Crew, A

Applied Art, A

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Aviation/Airway Management and Operations, A

Avionics Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Broadcast Journalism, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Chemical Engineering, A

Chemistry, A

Child Development, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, A

Consumer Merchandising/Retailing Management, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Energy Management and Systems Technology/Technician, A

Engineering, A

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, A

Finance, A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

Food Technology and Processing, A

Forestry, A

Forestry Technology/Technician, A

Graphic and Printing Equipment Operator Production, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Instrumentation Technology/Technician, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Mass Communication/Media Studies, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Nuclear Medical Technology/Technologist, A

Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/Technician, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, A

Physical Therapy/Therapist, A

Radio and Television, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation, A

Survey Technology/Surveying, A

Transportation and Materials Moving, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management, A

CHRISTIAN BROTHERS UNIVERSITY

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Chemical Engineering, B

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Civil Engineering, B

Computer Science, B

Education, B

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, M

Engineering Physics, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Liberal Studies, M

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Mechanical Engineering, B

Natural Sciences, B

Philosophy, B

Physics, B

Physics Teacher Education, B

Psychology, B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

CLEVELAND STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Development, A

Community Organization and Advocacy, A

General Studies, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Public Administration and Social Service Professions, A

Technology Education/Industrial Arts, A

COLUMBIA STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Agricultural Business and Management, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Business/Commerce, A

Chemistry, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Economics, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, A

Geography, A

History, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Mass Communication/Media Studies, A

Mathematics, A

Music, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Pharmacy, A

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, A

Physical Therapy/Therapist, A

Physics, A

Political Science and Government, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Psychology, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Sociology, A

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, A

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, A

CRICHTON COLLEGE

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

General Studies, B

History, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Non-Profit/Public/Organizational Management, B

Psychology, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Youth Ministry, B

CUMBERLAND UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business/Commerce, AB

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Education, ABM

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Geography Teacher Education, B

Health/Medical Preparatory Programs, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Human Resources Management and Services, M

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, AB

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Organizational Management, M

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Psychology Teacher Education, B

Public Administration, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Sociology, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Visual and Performing Arts, B

DRAUGHONS JUNIOR COLLEGE (CLARKSVILLE)

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, A

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, A

Fashion Merchandising, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Pharmacy Technician/Assistant, A

Radio and Television, A

Retailing and Retail Operations, A

DRAUGHONS JUNIOR COLLEGE (NASHVILLE)

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Broadcast Journalism, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, A

Fashion Merchandising, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Law and Legal Studies, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Radio and Television, A

DYERSBURG STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Development, A

Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Health Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services, MDO

Allopathic Medicine, P

Anatomy, MD

Art Education, M

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, M

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biochemistry, MD

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biophysics, MD

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MO

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, BM

Child Development, B

Clinical Psychology, M

Communication and Media Studies, M

Communication Disorders, MD

Community Health and Preventive Medicine, M

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Art and Design, M

Computer Science, M

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Criminology, M

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Economics, BM

Education, MDO

Educational Leadership and Administration, MDO

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, M

Engineering Technology, B

English, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental and Occupational Health, M

Environmental Health, B

Epidemiology, O

Exercise and Sports Science, M

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, B

Finance, B

Finance and Banking, M

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Foreign Languages and Literatures, B

General Studies, B

Geography, B

Gerontology, O

Health and Physical Education, B

Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, AB

Health Services Administration, MO

History, BM

Human Development, M

Information Science/Studies, M

Liberal Studies, M

Manufacturing Engineering, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Marriage and Family Therapy/Counseling, M

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, BM

Microbiology, MD

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music, B

Nursing, MDO

Nursing - Advanced Practice, O

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nutritional Sciences, M

Pharmacology, MD

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, M

Physical Therapy/Therapist, D

Physics, B

Physiology, MD

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, BM

Public Health, MO

Public Health (MPH, DPH), B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Work, BM

Sociology, BM

Software Engineering, M

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, M

Survey Technology/Surveying, B

Urban and Regional Planning, M

Urban Studies/Affairs, M

Vocational and Technical Education, M

ELECTRONIC COMPUTER PROGRAMMING COLLEGE

Business/Office Automation/Technology/Data Entry, A

Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology, A

Health Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician, A

FISK UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, BM

Clinical Psychology, M

Computer Science, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

English Language and Literature, B

Finance, B

French Language and Literature, B

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

History, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Philosophy, B

Physics, BM

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, BM

Public Administration, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Sociology, BM

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

FOUNTAINHEAD COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

Communications Technology/Technician, A

Computer and Information Systems Security, B

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

FREE WILL BAPTIST BIBLE COLLEGE

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Religious Education, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

FREED-HARDEMAN UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Agricultural Business and Management, B

Apparel and Textiles, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Behavioral Sciences, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biophysics, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Child Development, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Science, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Education, BMO

Educational Leadership and Administration, O

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, B

Fashion Merchandising, B

Finance, B

Health and Physical Education, B

Health Services Administration, B

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, M

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physical Sciences, B

Psychology, B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Radio and Television, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Work, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Theology and Religious Vocations, MP

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (KNOXVILLE)

Accounting and Business/Management, B

Animation, Interactive Technology, Video Graphics and Special Effects, B

Business Administration and Management, B

CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician, A

Computer and Information Systems Security, B

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Software Technology/Technician, B

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

E-Commerce/Electronic Commerce, B

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (MEMPHIS)

Accounting and Business/Management, B

Animation, Interactive Technology, Video Graphics and Special Effects, B

Business Administration and Management, B

CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician, A

Computer and Information Systems Security, B

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

E-Commerce/Electronic Commerce, B

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE (NASHVILLE)

Accounting and Business/Management, B

Animation, Interactive Technology, Video Graphics and Special Effects, B

Business Administration and Management, B

CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician, A

Computer and Information Systems Security, B

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Software Technology/Technician, B

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

E-Commerce/Electronic Commerce, B

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

JACKSON STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Agricultural Business and Management, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Development, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Science, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Tool and Die Technology/Technician, A

JOHN A. GUPTON COLLEGE

Funeral Service and Mortuary Science, A

JOHNSON BIBLE COLLEGE

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Education, M

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, AB

Marriage and Family Therapy/Counseling, M

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Teacher Assistant/Aide, A

Theology and Religious Vocations, M

KING COLLEGE

Accounting, B

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Applied Mathematics, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biophysics, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Computer Science, B

Economics, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Finance, B

French Language and Literature, B

French Language Teacher Education, B

Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Information Science/Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Modern Languages, B

Music, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Physics, B

Physics Teacher Education, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Speech Teacher Education, B

Technical and Business Writing, B

LAMBUTH UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Teacher Education, B

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Design and Visual Communications, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments, Including Deafness, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental Sciences, B

Environmental Studies, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, B

Fashion Merchandising, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

Foreign Languages and Literatures, B

French Language and Literature, B

German Language and Literature, B

Health and Physical Education/Fitness, B

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Interior Design, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Modern Languages, B

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Philosophy and Religious Studies, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Nursing Studies, B

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, B

Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Public Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

Visual and Performing Arts, B

LANE COLLEGE

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Communication and Media Studies, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, B

English Language and Literature, B

French Language and Literature, B

History, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Sociology, B

LEE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Teacher Education, B

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Counseling Psychology, M

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Education, BM

Educational Leadership and Administration, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Language and Literature, B

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

Human Development and Family Studies, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Modern Languages, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, BM

Natural Sciences, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Piano and Organ, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, M

Religious Education, B

Sacred Music, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Sociology, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Theology and Religious Vocations, M

Theology/Theological Studies, B

Voice and Opera, B

LEMOYNE-OWEN COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Computer Science, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

History, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Natural Sciences, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Political Science and Government, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

LINCOLN MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Curriculum and Instruction, MO

Economics, B

Education, BMO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MO

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Studies, B

Finance, B

Health and Physical Education, B

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, AB

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Work, B

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, A

LIPSCOMB UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

American Government and Politics (United States), B American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biochemistry, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Computer Science, B

Dietetics/Dieticians, B

Divinity/Ministry (BD, MDiv.), B

Education, BM

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering, B

Engineering Science, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Studies, B

Family and Consumer Economics and Related Services, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, B

Fashion Merchandising, B

Finance, B

Finance and Banking, M

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

French Language Teacher Education, B

German Language and Literature, B

Health Services Administration, M

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Management, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Non-Profit/Public/Organizational Management, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Public Administration, B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Religion/Religious Studies, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Work, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Theology and Religious Vocations, MP

Theology/Theological Studies, B

Urban Studies/Affairs, B

MARTIN METHODIST COLLEGE

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Advertising, A

Agricultural Business and Management, A

American/United States Studies/Civilization, A

Animal Physiology, A

Art Teacher Education, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Behavioral Sciences, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Broadcast Journalism, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Teacher Education, A

Chemistry, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Community Organization and Advocacy, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, A

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Divinity/Ministry (BD, MDiv.), B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, A

Economics, A

Education, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, AB

Health Teacher Education, A

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, AB

History, A

Human Services, AB

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, A

Interior Design, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Maritime Science, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Marriage and Family Therapy/Counseling, A

Mass Communication/Media Studies, A

Mathematics, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Music, A

Music Teacher Education, A

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, A

Pharmacy, A

Philosophy, A

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, A

Physical Sciences, A

Physical Therapy/Therapist, A

Psychology, A

Public Health (MPH, DPH), A

Religion/Religious Studies, AB

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, A

Social Work, A

Sociology, A

Teacher Assistant/Aide, A

Theology/Theological Studies, A

Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management, A

Wildlife Biology, A

MARYVILLE COLLEGE

American Sign Language (ASL), B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Atomic/Molecular Physics, B

Biochemistry, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Science, B

Developmental and Child Psychology, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, B

Engineering, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental Studies, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Health and Physical Education, B

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics and Computer Science, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics Teacher Education, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor, B

Technical and Business Writing, B

Voice and Opera, B

Wind and Percussion Instruments, B

MEDVANCE INSTITUTE

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

MEMPHIS COLLEGE OF ART

Advertising, B

Applied Art, B

Applied Arts and Design, M

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Ceramic Arts and Ceramics, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Commercial Photography, B

Computer Art and Design, M

Computer Graphics, B

Design and Visual Communications, B

Drawing, B

Fine Arts and Art Studies, BM

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Graphic Communications, B

Graphic Design, B

Illustration, B

Intermedia/Multimedia, B

Metal and Jewelry Arts, B

Painting, BM

Photography, BM

Printmaking, BM

Sculpture, BM

Textile Design, M

MID-AMERICA BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

Theology and Religious Vocations, MDP

Theology/Theological Studies, A

MIDDLE TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

Aeronautics/Aviation/Aerospace Science and Technology, B

Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, M

Agribusiness, B

Animal Sciences, B

Anthropology, B

Apparel and Textiles, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Aviation, M

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Education, M

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, BMD

Child and Family Studies, M

Computer Science, BM

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, MO

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Criminology, M

Curriculum and Instruction, MO

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Economics, BMD

Education, MDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MO

Elementary Education and Teaching, MO

Engineering Technology, B

Engineering/Industrial Management, B

English, MD

English as a Second Language, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, B

Exercise and Sports Science, D

Family Resource Management Studies, B

Finance, B

Finance and Banking, MD

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

Foreign Language Teacher Education, M

Foreign Languages and Literatures, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

Geosciences, O

Gerontology, O

Health and Physical Education, B

Health Education, MD

Health Services Administration, O

Health Teacher Education, B

Historic Preservation and Conservation, D

History, BMD

Industrial and Labor Relations, M

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, BM

Industrial Education, M

Industrial Technology/Technician, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Interior Design, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Management, M

Management Information Systems and Services, BM

Marketing, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, BM

Mathematics, BM

Mathematics Teacher Education, M

Middle School Education, M

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music, BM

Music Management and Merchandising, B

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nutritional Sciences, M

Office Management and Supervision, B

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, MD

Physics, B

Plant Sciences, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, BM

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Recreation and Park Management, MD

Sales and Marketing Operations/Marketing and Distribution Teacher Education, B

Sales, Distribution and Marketing Operations, B

School Psychology, O

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, M

Social Work, B

Sociology, BMO

Special Education and Teaching, BMO

Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education, B

Transportation/Transportation Management, M

MILLIGAN COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Communication and Media Studies, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Science, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Education, BM

English Language and Literature, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Health and Physical Education, B

History, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, M

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, B

Psychology, B

Public Administration and Social Service Professions, B

Public Health (MPH, DPH), B

Sociology, B

MOTLOW STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Business Administration and Management, A

Education/Teaching of Individuals in Early Childhood Special Education Programs, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

NASHVILLE AUTO DIESEL COLLEGE

Autobody/Collision and Repair Technology/Technician, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Diesel Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

NASHVILLE STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Engineering, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, A

Photography, A

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation, A

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY (BRISTOL)

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY (NASHVILLE)

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

NORTH CENTRAL INSTITUTE

Aircraft Powerplant Technology/Technician, A

Airframe Mechanics and Aircraft Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

NORTHEAST STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Cardiovascular Technology/Technologist, A

Chemistry, A

Computer Programming, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering Technology, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Instrumentation Technology/Technician, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

NOSSI COLLEGE OF ART

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Photography, A

O'MORE COLLEGE OF DESIGN

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Fashion Merchandising, B

Fashion/Apparel Design, B

Interior Design, B

PELLISSIPPI STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Accounting Technology/Technician and Bookkeeping, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business Machine Repairer, A

Chemical Engineering, A

Chemical Technology/Technician, A

Cinematography and Film/Video Production, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Graphics, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, A

Computer Software and Media Applications, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, A

Finance, A

Geography, A

Hospitality Administration/Management, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Interior Design, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Technology Education/Industrial Arts, A

REMINGTON COLLEGE-MEMPHIS CAMPUS

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Operations Management and Supervision, B

RHODES COLLEGE

Accounting, M

Anthropology, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biochemistry, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Computer Science, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

English Language and Literature, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

German Language and Literature, B

History, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

International Economics, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Latin Language and Literature, B

Mathematics, B

Modern Greek Language and Literature, B

Music, B

Philosophy, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Russian Studies, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Urban Studies/Affairs, B

ROANE STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Art Teacher Education, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Biology/Biological Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business Teacher Education, A

Chemistry, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Science, A

Corrections, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Education, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Engineering, A

Environmental Health, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Laser and Optical Technology/Technician, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Mathematics, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Music Teacher Education, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, A

Pharmacy Technician/Assistant, A

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, A

Physical Sciences, A

Physical Therapy/Therapist, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Social Sciences, A

Technology Teacher Education/Industrial Arts Teacher Education, A

SEWANEE: THE UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Anthropology, B

Applied Art, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Asian Studies/Civilization, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Chemistry, B

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Comparative Literature, B

Computer Science, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Drawing, B

Economics, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Studies, B

European Studies/Civilization, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Forestry, B

French Language and Literature, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

German Language and Literature, B

History, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Latin Language and Literature, B

Mathematics, B

Medieval and Renaissance Studies, B

Modern Greek Language and Literature, B

Music, B

Music History, Literature, and Theory, B

Natural Resources Management/Development and Policy, B

Philosophy, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Russian Language and Literature, B

Russian Studies, B

Social Sciences, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Theology and Religious Vocations, MDP

SOUTH COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer Science, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiographer, A

SOUTHERN ADVENTIST UNIVERSITY

Accounting, ABM

Actuarial Science, B

Advertising, B

Animation, Interactive Technology, Video Graphics and Special Effects, B

Archeology, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biochemistry, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Chemistry, B

Cinematography and Film/Video Production, AB

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Computer Graphics, B

Computer Science, AB

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Education, M

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering, A

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Family Systems, B

Finance and Banking, M

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, A

Foreign Languages and Literatures, B

French Language and Literature, B

General Studies, A

Graphic Design, B

Health Services Administration, M

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

History, B

Human Resources Management and Services, M

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Journalism, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Management, M

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Management Science, B

Marketing, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Marriage and Family Therapy/Counseling, M

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology, M

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Music Theory and Composition, B

Non-Profit/Public/Organizational Management, B

Nursing, MO

Nursing - Adult, M

Nursing - Advanced Practice, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Nursing Administration, M

Nursing Science, B

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, A

Photography, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physical Therapy/Therapist, A

Physician Assistant, A

Physics, B

Psychology, BM

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Radio and Television Broadcasting Technology/Technician, A

Reading Teacher Education, M

Religion/Religious Studies, BM

Religious Education, BM

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Social Work, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, A

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Theology/Theological Studies, B

SOUTHWEST TENNESSEE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Applied Horticulture/Horticultural Business Services, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biomedical Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business/Commerce, A

Cartography, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Court Reporting/Court Reporter, A

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, A

Dietician Assistant, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electrical/Electronics Equipment Installation and Repair, A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

General Studies, A

Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, A

Heavy Equipment Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, AB

Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching, BM

African Studies, B

Agricultural Sciences, MD

Agriculture, B

Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services, M

Animal Sciences, B

Architectural Engineering, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, BM

Child and Family Studies, MD

Civil Engineering, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical Psychology, B

Computer Science, B

Consumer Services and Advocacy, B

Counseling Psychology, D

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Criminology, M

Curriculum and Instruction, MD

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, AB

Education, BMD

Educational Administration and Supervision, MD

Educational Leadership and Administration, B

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BMD

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

English, M

English Language and Literature, B

Exercise and Sports Science, M

Family and Consumer Economics and Related Services, B

Food Technology and Processing, B

French Language and Literature, B

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, B

Health Teacher Education, B

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

History, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Industrial Engineering, B

Industrial Technology/Technician, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, AB

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, BM

Mechanical Engineering, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, M

Nursing, MD

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, AB

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Physical Therapy/Therapist, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, BMD

Public Administration, BMD

Reading Teacher Education, BM

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, B

School Psychology, MD

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BMD

Technology Education/Industrial Arts, B

Transportation and Materials Moving, B

Vocational and Technical Education, M

TENNESSEE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Agricultural Business and Management, B

Agricultural Teacher Education, B

Agricultural/Biological Engineering and Bioengineering, B

Agronomy and Crop Science, B

Animal Sciences, B

Apparel and Textiles, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Chemical Engineering, BMD

Chemistry, BM

Child Development, B

Civil Engineering, BMD

Computer Engineering, B

Computer Science, BM

Curriculum and Instruction, MO

Dietetics/Dieticians, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, MO

Economics, B

Education, BMDO

Education/Teaching of the Gifted and Talented, D

Educational Leadership and Administration, MO

Educational Psychology, MO

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BMO

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

English, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Biology, M

Environmental Sciences, D

Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, B

Fashion Merchandising, B

Finance, B

Fish, Game and Wildlife Management, M

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

French Language and Literature, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

German Language and Literature, B

Health Education, M

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

Horticultural Science, B

Industrial Engineering, B

Industrial Technology/Technician, B

Industrial/Management Engineering, MD

Information Science/Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Journalism, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Labor and Industrial Relations, B

Landscaping and Groundskeeping, B

Library Science, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, BM

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Operations Management and Supervision, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Reading Teacher Education, MO

Secondary Education and Teaching, BMO

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BMO

Student Personnel Services, MO

Technical and Business Writing, B

Turf and Turfgrass Management, B

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, B

Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management, B

TENNESSEE TEMPLE UNIVERSITY

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Counseling Psychology, B

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Education, M

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology, B

Office Management and Supervision, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religious Education, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation, A

Theological and Ministerial Studies, B

Youth Ministry, B

TENNESSEE WESLEYAN COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Behavioral Sciences, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Finance, B

Health and Physical Education, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Human Services, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Ophthalmic and Optometric Support Services and Allied Professions, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, B

Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Public Health (MPH, DPH), B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

TREVECCA NAZARENE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Behavioral Sciences, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Broadcast Journalism, A

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Child Development, A

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Counseling Psychology, M

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Education, MD

Educational Leadership and Administration, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, M

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

General Studies, A

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Information Science/Studies, ABM

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Library Science, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Marriage and Family Therapy/Counseling, M

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Management and Merchandising, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Organizational Management, M

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physician Assistant, M

Physics, B

Psychology, B

Radio and Television Broadcasting Technology/Technician, B

Religion/Religious Studies, BM

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Social Sciences, B

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

TUSCULUM COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching, M

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Computer Science, B

Education, BM

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Studies, B

History, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Mathematics, B

Museology/Museum Studies, B

Organizational Management, M

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Telecommunications Technology/Technician, B

UNION UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Advertising, B

Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Computer Science, B

Cultural Studies, M

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, BMDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, O

Educational Leadership and Administration, DO

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Family and Community Services, B

Finance, B

Foreign Languages and Literatures, B

French Language and Literature, B

History, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Journalism, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Management and Merchandising, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing, MO

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nursing Education, MO

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Philosophy, B

Philosophy and Religious Studies, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, B

Psychology, B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Radio and Television, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor, B

Theology and Religious Vocations, B

Theology/Theological Studies, B

Voice and Opera, B

UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS

Accounting, BMD

Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching, D

African-American/Black Studies, B

Anthropology, BM

Applied Mathematics, M

Archeology, M

Architecture, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, BM

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biomedical Engineering, MD

Biomedical/Medical Engineering, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MDO

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Ceramic Arts and Ceramics, M

Chemistry, BMD

Civil Engineering, BMD

Clinical Psychology, D

Communication and Media Studies, MD

Communication Disorders, MD

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Composition, MD

Computer Engineering, BMD

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Computer Science, BMD

Consumer Merchandising/Retailing Management, B

Counseling Psychology, D

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, MD

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Criminology, BM

Curriculum and Instruction, MD

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, MD

Economics, BMD

Education, MDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MDO

Educational Leadership and Administration, MD

Educational Measurement and Evaluation, MD

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, MD

Educational Psychology, MD

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, M

Energy and Power Engineering, M

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

English, MD

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, M

Exercise and Sports Science, M

Experimental Psychology, D

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, M

Film, Television, and Video Production, M

Finance, B

Finance and Banking, MD

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Foreign Languages and Literatures, B

French Language and Literature, M

General Studies, B

Geography, BM

Geology/Earth Science, BMD

Geophysics and Seismology, M

Geosciences, D

Graphic Design, M

Health Promotion, M

Health Services Administration, M

Higher Education/Higher Education Administration, D

History, BMD

Hospitality Administration/Management, B

Human Development and Family Studies, B

Industrial/Management Engineering, M

Insurance, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Interior Design, M

International Business/Trade/Commerce, BM

International Relations and Affairs, B

Journalism, BM

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Law and Legal Studies, PO

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, B

Leisure Studies, M

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Liberal Studies, M

Management, MD

Management Information Systems and Services, BMD

Management Science, B

Manufacturing Engineering, M

Manufacturing Technology/Technician, B

Marketing, MD

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, BMD

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Microbiology, B

Molecular Biology, B

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music, BMD

Music History, Literature, and Theory, M

Music Management and Merchandising, B

Music Teacher Education, MD

Musicology and Ethnomusicology, D

Non-Profit/Public/Organizational Management, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nutritional Sciences, M

Painting, M

Performance, D

Philosophy, BMD

Photography, M

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Physics, BM

Political Science and Government, BM

Printmaking, M

Professional Studies, B

Psychology, BMD

Public Administration, M

Public Policy Analysis, M

Reading Teacher Education, MD

Real Estate, BM

Sacred Music, MD

Sales, Distribution and Marketing Operations, B

School Psychology, MD

Sculpture, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Work, B

Sociology, BM

Spanish Language and Literature, M

Special Education and Teaching, BMD

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Statistics, MD

Structural Engineering, M

Systems Engineering, B

Taxation, M

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

Theater, M

Transportation and Highway Engineering, M

Urban and Regional Planning, M

Water Resources Engineering, M

Writing, MD

UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX-NASHVILLE CAMPUS

Accounting, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Electronic Commerce, M

Health Services Administration, M

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

Management Information Systems and Services, M

Management of Technology, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Nursing Administration, B

THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE

Accounting, BMD

Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching, M

Advertising, B

Advertising and Public Relations, MD

Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, BMDO

Agricultural Business and Management, B

Agricultural Economics, BM

Agricultural Education, M

Agricultural Engineering, M

Agricultural Sciences, MD

Agricultural Teacher Education, B

Agricultural/Biological Engineering and Bioengineering, B

Analytical Chemistry, MD

Anatomy, D

Animal Behavior and Ethology, MD

Animal Sciences, BMD

Anthropology, BMD

Applied Mathematics, M

Archeology, MD

Architecture, BM

Area, Ethnic, Cultural, and Gender Studies, B

Art Education, M

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, M

Audiology/Audiologist and Hearing Sciences, B

Aviation, M

Biochemistry, BMD

Bioethics/Medical Ethics, MD

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biomedical Engineering, MD

Biosystems Engineering, MD

Botany/Plant Biology, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MDO

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Commerce, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Ceramic Arts and Ceramics, M

Chemical Engineering, BMDO

Chemistry, BMD

Child and Family Studies, MD

Civil Engineering, BMD

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical Psychology, D

Clothing and Textiles, MD

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Communication and Media Studies, MD

Communication Disorders, MD

Community Health and Preventive Medicine, MD

Composition, M

Computer Engineering, B

Computer Science, BMD

Consumer Economics, BMD

Counseling Psychology, M

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, MDO

Criminology, MD

Curriculum and Instruction, MDO

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, MD

Ecology, BMD

Economics, BMD

Education, MDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MDO

Educational Leadership and Administration, D

Educational Measurement and Evaluation, D

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, MDO

Educational Psychology, MD

Electrical Engineering, MDO

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, MO

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MDO

Engineering Management, M

Engineering Physics, B

Engineering Science, B

English, MD

English as a Second Language, MDO

English Education, MO

English Language and Literature, B

Entomology, MD

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, M

Environmental Policy and Resource Management, MD

Ergonomics and Human Factors, M

Ethnic and Cultural Studies, B

Evolutionary Biology, MD

Exercise and Sports Science, MD

Experimental Psychology, MD

Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education, B

Family Systems, B

Finance, B

Finance and Banking, MD

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Fish, Game and Wildlife Management, M

Food Science, B

Food Science and Technology, MD

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

Foreign Language Teacher Education, MO

Forestry, BM

Foundations and Philosophy of Education, MD

French Language and Literature, BMD

Genetics, MD

Genomic Sciences, MD

Geography, BMD

Geology/Earth Science, BMD

German Language and Literature, BMD

Gerontology, M

Graphic Design, M

Health Education, M

Health Promotion, M

Health Services Administration, M

Health Teacher Education, B

History, BMD

Home Economics, D

Hospitality Administration/Management, M

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, B

Human Development and Family Studies, B

Human Resources Development, M

Industrial and Manufacturing Management, M

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, D

Industrial Engineering, B

Industrial/Management Engineering, MDO

Information Science/Studies, MD

Inorganic Chemistry, MD

Interior Design, B

Italian Language and Literature, BD

Journalism, BMD

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Kinesiology and Movement Studies, MD

Law and Legal Studies, PO

Leisure Studies, M

Linguistics, D

Logistics and Materials Management, BMD

Management, MD

Manufacturing Engineering, M

Marketing, MD

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Materials Engineering, BMD

Materials Sciences, MD

Mathematics, BMD

Mathematics Teacher Education, MO

Mechanical Engineering, BMDO

Mechanics, MD

Media Studies, MD

Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology, B

Microbiology, MD

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Multilingual and Multicultural Education, D

Music, BM

Music Teacher Education, BM

Music Theory and Composition, M

Musicology and Ethnomusicology, M

Nuclear Engineering, BMDO

Nursing, MD

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nutritional Sciences, MO

Organic Chemistry, MD

Ornamental Horticulture, B

Painting, M

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Performance, M

Philosophy, BMD

Photography, M

Physical Chemistry, MD

Physics, BMD

Physiology, MD

Plant Pathology/Phytopathology, MD

Plant Physiology, MD

Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management, B

Plant Sciences, BM

Political Science and Government, BMD

Polymer/Plastics Engineering, MD

Portuguese Language and Literature, D

Printmaking, M

Psychology, BMD

Public Administration, BMO

Public Health, MO

Radio and Television, B

Reading Teacher Education, MDO

Recreation and Park Management, M

Rehabilitation Counseling, M

Religion/Religious Studies, BM

Rural Sociology, M

Russian Language and Literature, BD

School Psychology, DO

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, MO

Sculpture, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Studies Teacher Education, MO

Social Work, BMD

Sociology, BMD

Spanish Language and Literature, BMD

Special Education and Teaching, BMO

Speech and Interpersonal Communication, MD

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, BM

Sports Medicine, MD

Statistics, BMD

Student Personnel Services, M

Technical Teacher Education, B

Theater, M

Theoretical Chemistry, D

Therapeutic Recreation, M

Transportation/Transportation Management, MD

Travel and Tourism, M

Veterinary Medicine, P

Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management, B

THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE AT CHATTANOOGA

Accounting, M

Applied Mathematics, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Computer Science, BM

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Criminal Justice/Police Science, B

Criminology, M

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, MDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Educational Leadership and Administration, D

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, O

Elementary Education and Teaching, M

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, M

Engineering Management, M

Engineering/Industrial Management, B

English, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Sciences, M

Environmental Studies, B

Experimental Psychology, M

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

History, B

Human Services, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, M

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Latin Language and Literature, B

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Modern Greek Language and Literature, B

Music, BM

Nurse Anesthetist, M

Nursing, M

Nursing - Adult, M

Nursing - Advanced Practice, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nursing Administration, M

Nursing Education, M

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Philosophy and Religious Studies, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, M

Physical Therapy/Therapist, BD

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, BM

Public Administration, M

School Psychology, O

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE AT MARTIN

Accounting, BM

Agricultural Business and Management, B

Agricultural Production Operations, B

Agricultural Teacher Education, B

Agriculture, B

Agronomy and Crop Science, B

Animal Sciences, B

Animal/Livestock Husbandry and Production, B

Anthropology, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Cell/Cellular and Molecular Biology, B

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Child and Family Studies, M

Child Development, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Computer Science, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Dance, B

Design and Visual Communications, B

Dietetics/Dieticians, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, M

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental Biology, B

Environmental Studies, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, BM

Fashion Merchandising, B

Finance, B

Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and Management, B

Food Science and Technology, M

Forestry, B

French Language and Literature, B

French Language Teacher Education, B

General Office Occupations and Clerical Services, B

Geography, B

Geography Teacher Education, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

German Language Teacher Education, B

Graphic Design, B

Health and Physical Education, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Interior Design, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Journalism, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Landscaping and Groundskeeping, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Management Science, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Pedagogy, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Natural Resources Management/Development and Policy, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nutritional Sciences, M

Operations Management and Supervision, B

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Philosophy, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Professional Studies, B

Psychology, B

Public Administration, B

Public Health (MPH, DPH), B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Soil Science and Agronomy, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Statistics, B

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

Tourism and Travel Services Management, B

Visual and Performing Arts, B

Voice and Opera, B

Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management, B

VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY

African Studies, B

African-American/Black Studies, B

Allopathic Medicine, MDPO

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Analytical Chemistry, MD

Anthropology, BMD

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Astronomy, BM

Biochemistry, MDO

Bioinformatics, MD

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MDO

Biological Anthropology, D

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biomedical Engineering, MDO

Biomedical/Medical Engineering, B

Biophysics, DO

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MO

Cancer Biology/Oncology, MD

Cell Biology and Anatomy, MDO

Chemical Engineering, BMD

Chemistry, BMD

Child and Family Studies, M

Civil Engineering, BMD

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, BMD

Clinical Research, M

Cognitive Psychology and Psycholinguistics, B

Communication Disorders, MD

Comparative Literature, MD

Computer Engineering, B

Computer Science, BMD

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

East Asian Studies, B

Ecology, B

Economics, BMD

Education, BMD

Educational Administration and Supervision, MD

Educational Leadership and Administration, D

Educational Measurement and Evaluation, MD

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MDO

Engineering Science, B

English, MD

English Education, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, MD

Environmental Policy and Resource Management, MD

Environmental Sciences, M

European Studies/Civilization, B

Finance and Banking, D

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Foreign Language Teacher Education, M

French Language and Literature, BMD

Geology/Earth Science, B

German Language and Literature, BMD

Gerontological Nursing, M

Higher Education/Higher Education Administration, MD

History, BMD

Human Development, M

Human Development and Family Studies, B

Human Resources Development, M

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Immunology, MDO

Inorganic Chemistry, MD

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

International and Comparative Education, M

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Latin American Studies, BMO

Law and Legal Studies, MPO

Liberal Studies, M

Management, D

Management of Technology, MD

Marketing, D

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Materials Sciences, MD

Maternity Nursing, M

Mathematics, BMD

Mathematics Teacher Education, M

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Medical Physics, M

Microbiology, MDO

Molecular Biology, BDO

Molecular Physiology, DO

Music, B

Neuroscience, D

Nurse Midwife/Nursing Midwifery, M

Nursing, MDO

Nursing - Adult, M

Nursing - Advanced Practice, M

Nursing Administration, M

Occupational Health Nursing, M

Organic Chemistry, MD

Organizational Management, MD

Pathology/Experimental Pathology, DO

Pediatric Nurse/Nursing, M

Pharmacology, DO

Philosophy, BMD

Physical Chemistry, MD

Physics, BMD

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, BMD

Portuguese Language and Literature, BMD

Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse/Nursing, M

Psychology, BMD

Public Policy Analysis, MD

Reading Teacher Education, M

Religion/Religious Studies, BMD

Russian Language and Literature, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Sociology, BMD

Spanish Language and Literature, BMD

Special Education and Teaching, BMD

Theology and Religious Vocations, MPO

Theoretical Chemistry, M

Urban Studies/Affairs, B

Violin, Viola, Guitar and Other Stringed Instruments, B

Voice and Opera, B

Wind and Percussion Instruments, B

Women's Health Nursing, M

VOLUNTEER STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Business Administration and Management, A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

Health Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician, A

Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Ophthalmic Technician/Technologist, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Technology Education/Industrial Arts, A

WALTERS STATE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Agricultural Mechanization, A

Art Teacher Education, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Development, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer Science, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Education, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Information Technology, A

Interdisciplinary Studies, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Music Teacher Education, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, A

Pre-Engineering, A

WATKINS COLLEGE OF ART AND DESIGN

Film/Cinema Studies, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Graphic Design, B

Interior Design, AB

Photography, B

WILLIAMSON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies, B

Theological and Ministerial Studies, B

Theology and Religious Vocations, B

College Blue Book

Tennessee

views updated May 29 2018

TENNESSEE

STATE EDUCATION OFFICE

Ralph Barnatt, Assistant Commissioner
Division of Vocational-Technical Education
Andrew Johnson Twr.
Fourth Floor
710 James Robertson Pky.
Nashville, TN 37243-0383
(615)532-2800

STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION

The Postsecondary Education Authorization Act of 1974 in Tennessee, which became effective July 1, 1975, requires private postsecondary vocational schools to gain approval from the Commission to operate or solicit students in the State of Tennessee.
Except for categories specifically exempted, all such postsecondary vocational schools must be approved. Among schools regulated are business related schools, schools offering medically related courses, technical schools, sales schools, truck driver schools, and a variety of special-purpose schools, both resident and home study schools.
All solicitors of these schools are required to gain Commission approval annually. No solicitor will be approved for a school which is not approved first. The Tennessee Higher Education Commission must authorize the schools and their solicitors. The Commission has established minimum standards for courses of instruction offered by schools within the state covered by Tennessee law. No school will be issued a certificate of approval or permit unless it meets certain minimum standards of instructional quality and course content; employs qualified instructional personnel; follows prescribed limits on hours of instruction; and complies with local city and state sanitation, fire, hygiene, and floor space codes. It must publish and adhere to a prescribed refund policy. Its equipment must be of sufficient quantity and kind as to be adequate for the courses offered and the school must have financial resources available to maintain itself.
The law and regulations require each school to post a surety bond and pay an annual assessment to the Tuition Guaranty Fund if providing instruction at a Tennessee site. Solicitors for out-of-state schools must post a bond amounting to $5,000 per solicitor. The bonds are intended to protect the students' contractual rights. All the solicitors for a school must have a current permit with a recent photograph of themselves and their school's name and address. Should further information be desired, write to State Education Department, address above.

ATHENS

Bobbie's School of Beauty Arts

108 Decatur Pike, PO Box 688, Athens, TN 37371. Cosmetology. Founded 1981. Contact: Bobbie Wallace, (615)744-7251. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $1,500. Enrollment: Total 31. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (50 Wk); Cosmetology Instructor (17 Wk); Manicurist (10 Wk)

Tennessee Technology Center at Athens

1635 Vo-Tech Dr., PO Box 848, Athens, TN 37371. Trade and Technical. Founded 1965. Contact: Stewart Smith, Dir., (423)744-2814, Fax: (423)744-2817, E-mail: ssmith@athens.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.athens.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $327 per quarter. Enrollment: men 260, women 265. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Auto Body & Fender Repair (18 Mo); Automotive Technology (24 Mo); Business Technology (15 Mo); Electronics Technology (24 Mo); Industrial Maintenance (15 Mo); Industrial Technology (15 Mo); Machine Tool Programming Technology (18 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Welding Technology (12 Mo)

BLOUNTVILLE

Northeast State Technical Community College

423282-0800, PO Box 246, Blountville, TN 37617. Two-Year College. Founded 1966. Contact: Patrick H. Sweeney, Associate VP for Student Affairs, (423)323-3191, Fax: (423)279-7636, E-mail: phsweeney@northeaststate.edu, admissions@northeaststate.edu, Web Site: http://www.northeaststate.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $1,202/semester in-state; $4,409/semester out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 4,592. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: ABET. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (1-2 Yr); Automotive Service (1-2 Yr); Business Management (2 Yr); Chemical Technology (2 Yr); Child Care & Guidance (1 Yr); Computer Information Science (1-2 Yr); Drafting & Design Technology (1-2 Yr); Early Childhood Education (2 Yr); Electrical Technology (1-2 Yr); Emergency Medical Technology (1 Yr); Engineering Technology, Computer (2 Yr); Engineering Technology, Electronic (2 Yr); Machine Technology (1-2 Yr); Manufacturing Technology (2 Yr); Mechanical Technology (1-2 Yr); Medical Technology Cardiology (2 Yr); Secretarial, General (1-2 Yr); Secretarial, Legal (2 Yr); Secretarial, Medical (2 Yr); Small Business Management (2 Yr); Surgical Technology (1 Yr); Technological Studies (2 Yr); Welding Technology (1-2 Yr)

BRISTOL

National College of Business and Technology (Bristol)

1328 Hwy. 11 W., Bristol, TN 37620. Two-Year College. Founded 1886. Contact: Steven Griffen, Dir., (423)878-4440, Web Site: http://www.ncbt.edu/locations/bristol.asp; Web Site: http://www.ncbt.edu/contact/contactStaffForm.asp. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $6,408 per year; $1,170 fees. Enrollment: Total 100. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma, Certificate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Business Administration; Business Management; Computer Applications; Computer Operations; Medical Billing; Medical Transcription; Microsoft Certified Specialist; Office Administration; Pharmacy Technician; Secretarial, Administrative; Secretarial, Executive; Secretarial, Legal; Secretarial, Medical

CHATTANOOGA

Chattanooga Barber College

PO Box 382, Chattanooga, TN 37401-0382. Barber. Founded 1976. Contact: Cynthia P. Lack, (423)266-7013, Fax: (423)266-0050, E-mail: paynelack@aol.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Year. Tuition: $4,700. Enrollment: Total 20. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Barbering (1500 Hr)

Chattanooga State Technical Community College

4501 Amnicola Hwy., Chattanooga, TN 37406-1097. Two-Year College. Founded 1965. Contact: James L. Catanzaro, Pres., (423)697-4400, (866)547-3733, E-mail: catanzaro@chattanoogastate.edu, Web Site: http://www.chattanoogastate.edu; Diane Norris, Dir. Admissions and Records, E-mail: diane.norris@chattanoogastate.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $91 per semester hour in-state; $369 out-of-state. Enrollment: men 4,200, women 5,343. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: ABET; ADA; CAAHEP; NLNAC; SACS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (1 Yr); Art (2 Yr); Auto Body & Fender Repair (1 Yr); Automation Technology (1 Yr); Automotive Technology (1 Yr); Chemical Technology (2 Yr); Cosmetology (1 Yr); Dental Hygiene (2 Yr); Diesel Technology (1 Yr); Drafting & Design Technology (1 Yr); Early Childhood Education (2 Yr); Electrical Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Electricity, Industrial (1 Yr); Electronics, Industrial (1 Yr); Emergency Medical Technology (2 Yr); Engineering Technology, Electronic (2 Yr); Engineering Technology, Mechanical (2 Yr); Graphic Design (2 Yr); Human Services (2 Yr); Industrial Maintenance (1 Yr); Information Sciences Technology (2 Yr); Landscaping (1 Yr); Machine Tool Programming Technology (1 Yr); Management (2 Yr); Marine & Small Engine Repair (1 Yr); Medical Assistant (1 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Office Administration (2 Yr); Paralegal (2 Yr); Pharmacy Technician (1 Yr); Physical Therapy Aide (2 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Respiratory Therapy (2 Yr); Sign Language Education (2 Yr); Surgical Technology (1 Yr); Truck Driving (1 Yr); Ultrasonography (1 Yr); Welding Technology (1 Yr)

Electronic Computer Programming College

3805 Brainerd Rd., Chattanooga, TN 37411. Trade and Technical, Two-Year College. Founded 1968. Contact: William G. Faour, Dir., (423)624-0077, E-mail: billf@ecpconline.com, Web Site: http://www.ecpconline.com; Tony McFadden, Dir. of Admissions. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $5,400 per academic year. Enrollment: Total 314. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Programming (24 Mo); Data Processing (18 Mo); Electronics Technology (24 Mo); Medical Assistant (12 Mo); Medical Technology (12 Mo); Office Technology (12 Mo)

Highland Styling Academy

3847 Hixson Pike, Chattanooga, TN 37415. Cosmetology. Founded 1966. Contact: J. Meyer, (423)877-8508, E-mail: tntex@mexconnect.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: All Scholarship. Enrollment: men 5, women 70. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Manicurist (600 Hr); Skin Care (750 Hr)

CLARKSVILLE

Miller-Motte Technical College

1820 Business Park Dr., Clarksville, TN 37040. Trade and Technical. Founded 1916. Contact: Patrica Cline, (931)553-0071, E-mail: rgreen@miller-motte.com, Web Site: http://www.miller-motte.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $7,200 per year. Enrollment: men 89, women 309. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: ACICS; CAAHEP. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Automated (18 Mo); Business Administration (21 Mo); Computer Aided Drafting (24 Mo); Computer Networking (12 Mo); Computer Operations (18 Mo); Electrical Technology (12 Mo); Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (12 Mo); Massage Therapy (12-24 Mo); Medical Assistant (18 Mo); Office Administration (18 Mo); Paralegal (24 Mo)

North Central Institute

168 Jack Miller Blvd., Clarksville, TN 37042. Trade and Technical. Founded 1981. Contact: Dr. John D. McCurdy, Chief Executive Officer, (931)431-9700, Fax: (931)431-9771, E-mail: admissions@nci.edu, Web Site: http://www.nci.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $60/semester hour; certificate program varies. Enrollment: men 119, women 12. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: FAA. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Aviation Maintenance Technology (1960 Hr); Aviation Technology (62 Sh); Real Estate Broker (60 Hr)

Queen City College

1594 Fort Campbell Blvd., Clarksville, TN 37042. Cosmetology, Barber. Founded 1984. Contact: Laura Payne, (931)645-3736, (866)757-5856, Fax: (931)551-4955, E-mail: style@queencitycollege.com, Web Site: http://www.queencitycollege.com/. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $4,975 plus $909 for books and supplies. Enrollment: Total 88. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Barbering (1500 Hr); Barbering - Instructor (450 Hr); Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (300 Hr); Hair Styling (300 Hr); Manicurist (600 Hr); Shampoo Specialist (300 Hr); Skin Care (750 Hr)

CLEVELAND

Cleveland State Community College

3535 Adkisson Dr., Cleveland, TN 37320-3570. Two-Year College. Founded 1967. Contact: Carl Hite, Pres., (423)472-7141, (423)478-6200, 800-604-2722, E-mail: chite@clevelandstatecc.edu, clscc_info@clevelandstatecc.edu, Web Site: http://www.clevelandstatecc.edu; Midge Burnette, Dir. of Admissions, E-mail: mburnette@clevelandstatecc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $976 per semester for in-state residents. Enrollment: men 1,180, women 1,782. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: CAAHEP; NLNAC; SACS; NAIT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business Management (2 Yr); Early Childhood Education (2 Yr); Emergency Medical Technology (1 Yr); Industrial Technology (2 Yr); Law Enforcement (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Office Administration (1 and 2 Yr); Public Administration Technology (2 Yr); Technological Studies (2 Yr)

COLUMBIA

Columbia State Community College

1665 Hampshire Pike, Columbia, TN 38402-1315. Two-Year College. Founded 1966. Contact: Cathryn McDonald, VP for Academic Services, (931)540-2722, Fax: (931)540-2535, E-mail: mcdonald@columbiastate.edu, Web Site: http://www.columbiastate.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $2,193/year in-state; $8,039/year out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 4,600. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: JRCERT; NAACLS; NLNAC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business Management (1 Yr); Business Technology (2 Yr); Computer Information Science (2 Yr); Crime Scene Technology (2 Yr); Customer Service (1 Yr); Dance (1-2 Yr); Early Childhood Education (1 Yr); Electronic Engineering Technology (2 Yr); General Studies (2 Yr); Horticulture (2 Yr); Industrial Technology (2 Yr); Musical Instrument Repair (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Paramedic (1 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Respiratory Therapy (2 Yr); Veterinary Technology (2 Yr)

COOKEVILLE

MedVance Institute

1025 Highway 111, Cookeville, TN 38501-4305. Allied Medical. Founded 1970. Contact: Patty Bowman, (931)526-3660, (866)86-GOMED, E-mail: careers@medvance.org, Web Site: http://www.medvance.edu/. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $2,975 per quarter, MLT program, $1,500 per quarter, med. secretary program, MA $6,000, med. coding spec. $6,000. Enrollment: Total 200. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: CAAHEP; NAACLS; COE; JRCERT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Hanidcapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Assistant (9 Mo); Medical Laboratory Technology (18 Mo); Medical Transcription (9 Mo); Secretarial, Medical (9 Mo)

Middle Tennessee School of Cosmetology

880-A East 10th St., Cookeville, TN 38501-1907. Cosmetology. Contact: Richard J. Bundy, President, (931)526-8735, (931)526-4515, Fax: (931)372-8798, E-mail: info@midtncosmo.net, Web Site: http://www.midtncosmo.com; Ashley Bray, Admissions Officer. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $6,600 for Cosmetology Course; $2,595 for Nail Technology Course; $1,220 for Instructor Trainee Course. Enrollment: Total 70. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: COE. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (300); Nail Technology (600 Hr)

Tennessee Bible College

P.O. Box 865, Cookeville, TN 38503-0865. Other. Founded 1975. Contact: Dr. Kerry Duke, Dean, Director-Distance Learning, (931)526-2616, E-mail: tbc@tn-biblecollege.edu, Web Site: http://www.tn-biblecollege.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $30 per quarter hour - undergraduate; $50 per quarter hour - graduate. Enrollment: men 80, women 20. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate, Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Bible Study; Christian Service; Minister; Missions

CORDOVA

ITT Technical Institute (Cordova)

7260 Goodlett Farms Pkwy., Cordova, TN 38016. Trade and Technical. (901)381-0200, (866)444-5141, Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu; Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/contact/form.cfm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $14,196 per year. Degrees awarded: Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Aided Drafting & Design (96 Credits); Computer Networking (96 Credits); Electrical Engineering Technology (96 Credits); Multimedia Design (96 Credits); Software Development/Engineering (96 Credits)

ITT Technical Institute (Memphis)

7260 Goodlett Farms Pkwy., Cordova, TN 38016. Trade and Technical. Founded 1994. Contact: David R. Bowden, (901)381-0200, (866)444-5141, Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu; Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/contact/form.cfm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $14,196 per year. Enrollment: Total 763. Degrees awarded: Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting Technology (96 Credits); Business Administration (96 Credits); Computer Aided Drafting & Design (96 Credits); Computer Networking (96 Credits); Computer Programming, Games (96 Credits); Criminal Justice (96 Credits); Data Processing - Programming Operations (96 Credits); Electrical Engineering Technology (96 Credits); Industrial Engineering Technology (96 Credits); Information Systems (96 Credits); Information Technology (96 Credits); Internet Technologies (96 Credits); Management (96 Credits); Multimedia Design (96 Credits); Network Security (96 Credits); Software Development/Engineering (96 Credits)

COVINGTON

Tennessee Technology Center at Covington

1600 Hwy. 51 S., Covington, TN 38019. Trade and Technical. Founded 1966. Contact: William Ray, Dir., (901)475-2526, Fax: (901)475-2528, E-mail: wray@covington.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.covington.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $446 per quarter. Enrollment: men 166, women 87. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Automotive Technology (18 Mo); Business Technology (12 Mo); Computer Operations (15 Mo); Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (18 Mo); Industrial Maintenance (15 Mo); Machine Technology (18 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12-18 Mo)

CROSSVILLE

Tennessee Technology Center (Crossville)

910 Miller Ave., Crossville, TN 38555-4360. Trade and Technical. Founded 1968. Contact: Shirley B. Nelson, Student Services, (931)484-7502, E-mail: snelson@mail.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.crossville.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $327 per quarter. Enrollment: Total 1,300. Degrees awarded: Diploma, Certificate. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (18 Mo); Auto Body & Fender Repair (18 Mo); Automotive Technology (24 Mo); Business Technology (15 Mo); Computer Operations (15 Mo); Drafting Technology (18 Mo); Electricity, Industrial (18 Mo); Electronics Technology (18 Mo); Industrial Maintenance (18 Mo); Machine Tool Programming Technology (18 Mo); Masonry (18 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Surgical Technology (12 Mo); Welding Technology (12 Mo)

CRUMP

Tennessee Technology Center at Crump

3070 Hwy 64 West, PO Box 89, Crump, TN 38327. Trade and Technical. Founded 1965. Contact: Dan Spears, Dir., (731)632-3393, Fax: (731)632-3018, E-mail: dspears@crump.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.crump.tec.tn.us; Cherry Johnson, Student Services Coordinator, E-mail: cjohnson@crump.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $388 per quarter. Enrollment: men 162, women 112. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Auto Body & Fender Repair (1944 Hr); Business Technology (1296 Hr); Computer Operations (1296 Hr); Drafting & Design Technology (1944 Hr); Electricity, Industrial (1944 Hr); Electronics Technology (1944 Hr); Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (1296 Hr); Industrial Maintenance (1620 Hr); Machine Tool Programming Technology (1944 Hr); Nursing, Practical (1296 Hr); Truck Driving (324 Hr)

DICKSON

Tennessee Technology Center at Dickson

740 Hwy. 46, Dickson, TN 37055. Trade and Technical. Founded 1965. Contact: Gary Fouts, Student Services Coord., (615)441-6220, Fax: (615)441-6223, E-mail: gfouts@dickson.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.dickson.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $1,076 annual. Enrollment: Total 1,250. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (18 Mo); Auto Mechanics (15 Mo); Business Occupations (15 Mo); Computer Operations (15 Mo); Cosmetology (14 Mo); Diesel Technology (24 Mo); Electronics Technology (24 Mo); Machine Shop (18 Mo); Maintenance Technology (24 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Surgical Technology (12 Mo); Truck Driving (3 Mo)

DYERSBURG

Dyersburg State Community College

1510 Lake Rd., Dyersburg, TN 38024. Two-Year College. Founded 1969. Contact: J. Dan Gullett, Asst.VP for Academic Affairs, (731)286-3300, (731)286-3330, E-mail: gullett@dscc.edu, Web Site: http://www.dscc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $2,203/year in-state; $8,049/year out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 1,447. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: NLNAC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business (2 Yr); Communications Technology (2 Yr); Correctional Science (1 Yr); Early Childhood Education (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (1 Yr); Health Information Technology (2 Yr); Industrial Technology (2 Yr); Juvenile Justice (2 Yr); Law Enforcement (1 Yr); Mid-Management (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr)

Volunteer Beauty Academy

2440 Lake Rd., Dyersburg, TN 38024. Cosmetology. Founded 1983. Contact: Kim Hinsen, Dir., (731)285-1453, Fax: (731)285-1483. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $5,950. Enrollment: Total 32. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Cosmetology

ELIZABETHTON

Elizabethton Area School

Arney St., Elizabethton, TN 37643. Trade and Technical. Founded 1965. Contact: Dr. Bruce Blanding, (615)542-4174, (615)543-0070, Fax: (615)542-8235. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $100 per quarter. Enrollment: Total 275. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (12 Mo); Automotive Technology (12 Mo); Business Occupations (12 Mo); Computer Operations (12 Mo); Electronics Technology (18 Mo); Industrial Technology (12 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Welding Technology (12 Mo)

Tennessee Technology Center at Elizabethton

426 Highway 91, Elizabethton, TN 37643. Trade and Technical. Contact: Jerry Patton, Dir., (423)543-0070, 888-986-2368, E-mail: mcole@elizabethton.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.elizabethton.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $1,752. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate.

FAYETTEVILLE

Fayetteville Beauty School

Main St., Fayetteville, TN 37334. Cosmetology. Contact: Rufus Hereford, Dir., (931)438-1305, E-mail: fbs@fayettevillebeautyschool.com, Web Site: http://www.fayettevillebeautyschool.com. Private. Coed. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $6,750. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate.

FRANKLIN

Advantage Model Development Training Center

230 Franklin Rd., Ste. 802, Franklin, TN 37064. Other. Founded 1987. Contact: Nise Davies, (615)790-5001, Fax: (615)790-5036, E-mail: info@advantagemodel.com, Web Site: http://www.advantagemodel.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Acting (Varies); Modeling, Professional (Varies)

GALLATIN

Volunteer State Community College

1480 Nashville Pike, Gallatin, TN 37066-3188. Two-Year College. Founded 1971. Contact: Judy Hendon, (615)452-8600, (615)230-3401, 888-335-8722, Fax: (615)230-4801, E-mail: judy.hendon@volstate.edu, admissions@volstate.edu, Web Site: http://www.volstate.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $2,177 full-time, resident; $8,023 nonresident; $92 per hr rt-time, resident; $345 nonresident. Enrollment: men 2,580, women 4,464. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: ADA; APTA; CAAHEP; JRCERT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business Administration (2 Yr); Dental Assisting (1 Yr); Emergency Medical Technology (1 Yr); Fire Science (1-2 Yr); Health Occupations (2 Yr); Materials Engineering Technology (1 Yr); Medical Record Technology (2 Yr); Office Management (18 Mo); Ophthalmic Assistant (2 Yr); Paralegal (2 Yr); Paramedic (2 Yr); Physical Therapy Aide (18 Mo); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Respiratory Therapy (18 Mo)

GOODLETTSVILLE

Nossi College of Art

907 Rivergate Pkwy., Goodlettsville, TN 37072. Art. Founded 1973. Contact: Cyrus Vatandoost, Exec.Dir., (615)851-1088, 877-860-1601, Fax: (615)851-1087, E-mail: cyrus@nossi.com, Web Site: http://www.nossi.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $2,250/semester. Enrollment: Total 150. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Art; Commercial Art (24 Mo)

HARRIMAN

Roane State Community College

276 Patton Ln., Harriman, TN 37748. Two-Year College. Founded 1971. Contact: Brenda Rector, (865)354-3000, (866)462-7722, E-mail: rectorbw@roanestate.edu, Web Site: http://www.roanestate.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $2,089/year in-state; $7,553/year out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 2,971. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: ABET; SACS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Agriculture, General (2 Yr); Art (2 Yr); Business Administration (2 Yr); Clerical, General (2 Yr); Computer Aided Design (2 Yr); Computer Science (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Dental Hygiene (2 Yr); Engineering Technology (2 Yr); General Studies (2 Yr); Health Information Technology (2 Yr); Legal Assistant (2 Yr); Management (2 Yr); Medical Laboratory Technology (2 Yr); Medical Record Technology (2 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Occupational Therapy Assistant (2 Yr); Optical Dispensing (2 Yr); Physical Therapy Aide (2 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Respiratory Therapy (2 Yr); Secretarial, General (2 Yr); Wild Life Management (2 Yr)

Tennessee Technology Center at Harriman

1745 Harriman Hwy., PO Box 1109, Harriman, TN 37748. Trade and Technical. Founded 1970. Contact: Amy Keeling, Coordinator of Student Services, (865)882-6703, 800-599-9426, Fax: (865)882-5038, E-mail: akeeling@harriman.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.harriman.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $438/quarter. Enrollment: men 110, women 184. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Automotive Technology (18 Mo); Business Technology (15 Mo); Computer Operations (18 Mo); Electronics Technology (18 Mo); Machine Tool Programming Technology (18 Mo); Mechanics, Diesel (18 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo)

HARTSVILLE

Tennessee Technology Center (Hartsville)

716 McMurry Blvd., Hartsville, TN 37074-2028. Trade and Technical. Founded 1965. Contact: Annette Marshall, Student Services, (615)374-2147, Fax: (615)374-2149, E-mail: annette.marshall@hartsville.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.hartsville.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $438/quarter. Enrollment: men 100, women 100. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Automotive Technology (18 Mo); Computer Business Systems Technology (12 Mo); Computer Operations (18 Mo); Drafting, Composite (18 Mo); Electronics, Industrial (18 Mo); Health Aide (6 Mo); Industrial Maintenance (15 Mo); Machine Tool Programming Technology (18 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Welding Technology (12 Mo)

HOHENWALD

Tennessee Technology Center at Hohenwald

813 W. Main St., Hohenwald, TN 38462. Trade and Technical. Founded 1967. Contact: William Lawson, Student Services Coord., (931)796-5351, (931)796-5822, Fax: (931)796-4892, E-mail: blawson@hohenwald.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.hohenwald.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students not accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $388 per quarter. Enrollment: men 344, women 256. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Automotive Technology (12-24 Mo); Business Technology (15-18 Mo); Computer Aided Drafting (15-18 Mo); Computer Operations (12-15 Mo); Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Drafting Technology (15-18 Mo); Electro-Mechanical Technology (18 Mo); Electronics, Industrial (12-18 Mo); Industrial Maintenance (12-18 Mo); Machine Tool Programming Technology (12-18 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Surgical Technology (12 Mo); Welding Technology (12 Mo)

JACKSBORO

Tennessee Technology Center at Jacksboro

PO Box 419, Jacksboro, TN 37757. Trade and Technical. Founded 1967. Contact: David Browder, Dir., (423)566-9629, (865)525-3219, Fax: (423)566-9713, E-mail: dbrowder@jacksboro.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.jacksboro.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $388 per quarter. Enrollment: Total 295. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Appliance Repair (18 Mo); Auto Mechanics (18 Mo); Business Occupations (15 Mo); Computer Operations (15 Mo); Drafting Technology (18 Mo); Electronics Technology (15 Mo); Machine Shop (18 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Office, General (15 Mo); Welding Technology (12 Mo)

JACKSON

Jackson State Community College

2046 North Pkwy., Jackson, TN 38301-2797. Two-Year College. Founded 1967. Contact: Bruce Blanding, Pres., (731)424-3520, 800-355-5722, Web Site: http://www.jscc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $2,205/year in-state; $6,099/year out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 2,224. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: CAAHEP; JRCERT; NAACLS; NLNAC; SACS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Agricultural Science (2 yr); Computer Information Science (2 yr); Emergency Medical Technology (1 Yr); Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Marketing (2 Yr); Medical Laboratory Technology (2 yr); Mid-Management (2 yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 yr); Office Administration (2 yr); Office Management (2 Yr); Paramedic (1 yr); Physical Therapy Aide (2 yr); Radiologic Technology (2 yr); Respiratory Therapy (2 yr); X-Ray Technology (2 yr)

McCollum and Ross, The Hair School

1433 Hollywood Dr., Jackson, TN 38301. Cosmetology. Founded 1958. Contact: Danielle Laniewski, (731)427-6641, Fax: (901)458-7230, E-mail: daniellelaniewski@leaderinbeautyed.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Year. Enrollment: men 20, women 100. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Cosmetology; Hair Styling

Tennessee Technology Center at Jackson

2468 Technology Ctr. Dr., Jackson, TN 38301. Trade and Technical. Founded 1965. Contact: Dr. Don Williams, Dir., (731)424-0691, Fax: (731)424-0807, E-mail: jhodgson@jackson.tec.tn.usdon.williams@jackson. tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.jackson.tec.tn.us; John Hodgson, Coordinator of Student Services, E-mail: jhodgson@jackson.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $337 per quarter. Enrollment: Total 443. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NATEF. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Auto Body & Fender Repair; Auto Mechanics; Business Automation; Computer Operations; Drafting Technology; Electronics Technology; Industrial Maintenance; Industrial Technology; Machine Shop Operator; Machine Tool & Die Design; Nursing, Practical; Pharmacy Technician; Surgical Technology; Welding Technology

West Tennessee Business College

1186 Hwy. 45 Bypass, Jackson, TN 38301. Business, Cosmetology. Founded 1888. Contact: C. Vicki Burch, Exec.Dir., (731)668-7240, 800-737-9822, E-mail: cvburch@wtbc.com, Web Site: http://www.wtbc.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $4,500-$14,900. Enrollment: men 20, women 280. Degrees awarded: Diploma, Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Automated (12 Mo); Administrative Assistant (15 Mo); Clerical, General (10 Mo); Computer Operations (10 Mo); Cosmetology (12 Mo); Esthetician (8 Mo); Manicurist (8 Mo); Medical Assistant (15 Mo); Secretarial, Medical (10 Mo)

JOHNSON CITY

East Tennessee State University

Box 70623, Johnson City, TN 37614-1709. Other. Founded 1911. Contact: Dr. Creg Bishop, (423)439-4243, Fax: (423)439-5238, E-mail: bishopc@etsu.edu, Web Site: http://www.etsu.edu/cpah. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $159 per hour or $301 out-of-state rate. Enrollment: men 42, women 149. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: ADA; CAAHEP; JRCERT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Dental Hygiene (4 Yr); Radiologic Technology (4 Yr); Respiratory Therapy (4 Yr)

Tri-Cities Beauty College

1101 S. Roan St., Johnson City, TN 37601-6837. Cosmetology. Contact: Faye Hart, Dir., (423)926-6671. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Curriculum: Cosmetology

KINGSPORT

Bartons College of Cosmetology

121 W. Market St., Kingsport, TN 37660. Cosmetology. Founded 1963. Contact: Margaret Taylor, (423)246-4481. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $2,250. Enrollment: Total 35. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr)

KNOXVILLE

Fountainhead College of Technology

3203 Tazewell Pike, Knoxville, TN 37918. Other. Founded 1947. Contact: J. Marty Rogers, (865)688-9422, 888-218-7335, Fax: (865)688-2419, E-mail: info@fountainheadcollege.com, Web Site: http://www.fountainheadcollege.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: depends on program. Enrollment: Total 160. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Programming (4 Sm); Electronics Technology (4 Sm); Information Sciences Technology (4 Sm)

Huntington College of Health Sciences

1204D Kenesaw, Knoxville, TN 37919. Correspondence. Founded 1985. Contact: Cheryl Freeman, Registrar, (865)524-8079, 800-290-4226, Fax: (865)524-8339, E-mail: studentservices@hchs.edu, Web Site: http://hchs.edu.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 250. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: DETC. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Dietician Training; Nutritionist

ITT Technical Institute (Knoxville)

10208 Technology Dr., Knoxville, TN 37932. Trade and Technical.(865)671-2800, 800-671-2801, Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu; Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/contact/form.cfm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $14,196 per year. Enrollment: Total 734. Degrees awarded: Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Aided Drafting & Design (96 Credits); Computer Networking (96 Credits); Electrical Engineering Technology (96 Credits); Multimedia Design (96 Credits); Software Development/Engineering (96 Credits); Web Development (96 Credits)

National College of Business and Technology (Knoxville)

8415 Kingston Pk, Knoxville, TN 37919. Two-Year College.(865)539-2011, Web Site: http://www.ncbt.edu/locations/knoxville.asp; Web Site: http://www.ncbt.edu/contact/contactStaffForm.asp. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $6,408 per year; $1,170 fees. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma, Certificate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Business Management; Computer Applications; Medical Assistant; Medical Billing; Medical Transcription; Office Technology; Pharmacy Technician

Pellissippi State Technical Community College

10915 Hardin Valley Rd., PO Box 22990, Knoxville, TN 37933-0990. Two-Year College. Founded 1974. Contact: Leigh Anne Touzeau, Dir. of Admissions, (865)694-6400, (865)539-7013, E-mail: latouzeau@pstcc.edu, Web Site: http://www.pstcc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $91/credit hour in-state; $278 out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 7,800. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: ABET. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Automated (2 Yr); Civil Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Computer Aided Design (2 Yr); Computer Aided Drafting (2 Yr); Computer Graphics (2 Yr); Computer Information Science (2 Yr); Computer Literacy; Computer Networking (2 Yr); Computer Science (2 Yr); Credit Union Management; Customer Service; Desktop Publishing; Electrical Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Engineering Technology, Mechanical (2 Yr); Environmental Technology (2 Yr); Finance (2 Yr); Hospitality; Industrial Maintenance; Industrial Management & Supervision (2 Yr); Legal Assistant (2 Yr); Management (2 Yr); Manufacturing Technology (2 Yr); Marketing (2 Yr); Mechanical Engineering (2 Yr); Mechanical Technology (2 Yr); Office Technology (2 Yr); Photography (2 Yr); Quality Control (2 Yr); Real Estate, Basic; Sales; Surveying (2 Yr); Video Production (2 Yr); Video Recording Technology (2 Yr); Word Processing

Rasnic Inc.

5308 North Middlebrook Pike, Number B, Knoxville, TN 37921. Other. Contact: Betty Rasnic-Justus, (865)602-2002. Private. Coed. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Curriculum: Modeling & Personal Improvement

South College

720 N. 5th Ave., Knoxville, TN 37917. Allied Medical, Business, Nursing, Two-Year College. Founded 1882. Contact: Kimberley B. Hall, Exec.VP, (865)524-3043, (865)251-1800, E-mail: khall@southcollegetn.edu, Web Site: http://www.southcollegetn.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Enrollment: Total 500. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: SACS; CAAHEP; ABA; CAPTE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Administrative Assistant; Business Administration (2 Yr); Computer Information Science (2 Yr); Medical Assistant (2 Yr); Medical Transcription; Microcomputers; Occupational Therapy Assistant (2 Yr); Office Administration (2 Yr); Paralegal (2 Yr); Physical Therapy Aide (2 Yr); Secretarial, Legal

Tennessee School of Travel

9111 Cross Park Dr., Ste. D241, Knoxville, TN 37923. Other. Founded 1988. Contact: Juanita McFall-Bishop, Dir., (865)694-3869, 800-820-6881, E-mail: juanita@knoxtravel.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students not accepted. Housing available. Term: Other. Enrollment: Total 26. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Travel Agents (12 Wk); Travel & Tourism (12 Wk)

Tennessee Technology Center at Knoxville

1100 Liberty St., Knoxville, TN 37919. Trade and Technical. Founded 1966. Contact: David Esa, Dir., (865)546-5567, Fax: (865)971-4474, E-mail: desa@knoxville.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.knoxville.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $388 per quarter. Enrollment: men 248, women 204. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: ADA; COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration; Auto Mechanics; Business Occupations; Dental Assisting; Electronics Technology; Industrial Technology; Nursing, Practical; Welding Technology

University of Tennessee Memorial Research Center & Hospital

1924 Alcoa Hwy., Knoxville, TN 37920. Allied Medical. Founded 1956. Contact: Information Dept., (865)544-9087, Fax: (865)525-5762, E-mail: gmaner@mc.utmck.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Year. Tuition: None. Enrollment: Total 12. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: CAAHEP. Financial aid available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Technology; Radiologic Technology

LEBANON

Cumberland University

1 Cumberland Square, Lebanon, TN 37087-3408. Other. Founded 1842. Contact: Jason Brewer, Dir., (615)444-2562, 800-467-0562, Fax: (615)444-2569, E-mail: jbrewer@cumberland.edu, Web Site: http://www.cumberland.edu; E-mail: info@cumberland.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $12,230 per year. Enrollment: Total 868. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: SACS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Business Administration (2 Yr); Business Education (2 Yr); Music; Secretarial, General (2 Yr); Secretarial, Science (2 Yr)

Stylemaster's Beauty Academy

223 N. Cumberland St., Lebanon, TN 37087. Cosmetology. Founded 1988. Contact: Richard J. Bundy, Pres./CEO, (615)444-4908, (615)453-7066, Fax: (615)444-1221, E-mail: info@stylemasters.net, Web Site: http://www.stylemasters.net/. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $6,700 cosmetology; $2,595 nail tech; $1,220 instructor trainee (includes registration fees, kits, and books). Enrollment: Total 53. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (300 Hr); Manicurist (600 Hr)

LIVINGSTON

Tennessee Technology Center at Livingston

740 High Tech Dr, Livingston, TN 38570. Trade and Technical. Founded 1966. Contact: Teresa Johnson, (931)823-5525, Fax: (931)823-7484, E-mail: tjohnson@mail.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.livingston.tec.tn.us/. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $438 per quarter. Enrollment: Total 1,231. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Auto Body & Fender Repair (18 Mo); Automotive Technology (18 Mo); Building Construction Technology (18 Mo); Computer Aided Drafting (18 Mo); Computer Business Systems Technology (18 Mo); Computer Operations (15 Mo); Cosmetology (15 Mo); Electronics Technology (18 Mo); Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (9 Mo); Machine Technology (18 Mo); Maintenance Technology (18 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Welding Technology (9 Mo)

LYNCHBURG

Motlow State Community College

PO Box 8500, Lynchburg, TN 37352-8500. Two-Year College. Founded 1969. Contact: Jay M. May, (931)393-1500, 800-654-4877, Fax: (931)393-1671, E-mail: jmay@mscc.edu, Web Site: http://www.mscc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $1,099 per semester. Enrollment: men 1,310, women 2,230. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: ACBSP; NLNAC; SACS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting & Business Administration; Administrative Assistant; Allied Health Occupations; Banking & Finance; Business Management; Computer Aided Design; Computer Aided Manufacturing; Computer Business Systems Technology; Computer Programming; Electronics Technology; Industrial Management & Supervision; Nursing, R.N.; Real Estate, Basic

MADISON

Madison University of Beauty

207 Gallatin Rd S, No. 8, Madison, TN 37115-3952. Cosmetology. Contact: Bill Perry, Dir., (615)865-8116. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Curriculum: Cosmetology

Middle Tennessee School of Anesthesia

TN Christian Medical Ctr., PO Box 6414, Madison, TN 37116. Nursing. Founded 1950. Contact: Mary E. DeVasher, Dean, (615)868-6503, 888-353-6872, Fax: (615)868-9885, Web Site: http://www.mtsa.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Year. Tuition: $3,500 non-refundable deposit; $4,950 (periods Ia & Ib); $4,125 (periods IIa, IIb, IIIa, & IIIb); $1,200 apprx. cost of. Enrollment: Total 50. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Nursing, Anesthesia (28 Mo)

MADISONVILLE

Hiwassee College

225 Hiwassee College Dr., Madisonville, TN 37354-4001. Two-Year College. Founded 1849. Contact: Dr. James A. Noseworthy, President, (423)442-2001, 800-356-2187, Fax: (423)442-8521, E-mail: enroll@hiwassee.edu, Web Site: http://www.hiwassee.edu; Lynne Henderson, Director of Admission, E-mail: henderly@hiwassee.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $9,780 in-state; $9,780 out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 130. Degrees awarded: Associate. Financial aid available.

MCKENZIE

McKenzie Area School

23292 Hwy. 22, McKenzie, TN 38201. Trade and Technical. Contact: Terry Howell, Principal, (731)352-2133, E-mail: howellt@k12tn.net, Web Site: http://www.mckenziehighschool.org. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $100 per quarter. Enrollment: men 88, women 47. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration; Auto Mechanics; Business Occupations; Drafting Technology; Electricity, Industrial; Machine Shop; Welding Technology

Tennessee Technology Center at McKenzie

16940 Highland Dr., PO Box 427, McKenzie, TN 38201. Trade and Technical. Contact: Elizabeth Check, Dir., (731)352-5364, Fax: (731)352-3258, E-mail: echeck@mckenzie.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.mckenzie.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $2,190. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate.

MEMPHIS

ConCorde Career College

5100 Poplar Ave., Ste. 132, Memphis, TN 38137. Allied Medical. Founded 1967. Contact: Cliff Custer, Dir. of Admissions, (901)761-9494, 800-464-1212, Fax: (901)761-3293, E-mail: info@concordecareercolleges.com, Web Site: http://www.concordecareercolleges.com/memphis; E-mail: info@concordecareercolleges.com, Web Site: http://www.concordecareercolleges.com/contact.asp. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $4,673-$18,458. Enrollment: Total 922. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: CAAHEP; AAMAE; ADA; ASHP. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Dental Assisting (9 Mo); Health Aide; Massage Therapy (10 Mo); Medical Assistant (9 Mo); Medical Office Management (9 Mo); Pharmacy Technician (9 Mo); Respiratory Therapy (14 Mo)

High-Tech Institute-Memphis

5866 Shelby Oaks Cir., Ste. 100, Memphis, TN 38134. Trade and Technical, Allied Medical.(615)232-3700, (866)269-7251, Fax: (901)387-1181, Web Site: http://www.hightechinstitute.edu; Web Site: http://www.hightechinstitute.edu/request.php. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $10,112 - $24,911. Enrollment: men 70, women 433. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate. Accreditation: ACCSCT; ABHES. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Massage Therapy; Medical Assistant; Medical Billing; Pharmacy Technician

Memphis College of Art

1930 Poplar Ave., Memphis, TN 38104. Art. Founded 1936. Contact: Susan Miller, VP for Enrollment, (901)272-5100, (901)272-5152, E-mail: smiller@mca.edu, info@mca.edu, Web Site: http://www.mca.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $17,460 per year. Enrollment: Total 257. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NASAD; SACS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Graphics; Decorative Art; Graphic Design; Illustration; Painting; Paper Technology; Photography; Printing Technology, Lithographic; Sculpture

Memphis Culinary Academy

1252 Peabody Ave., Memphis, TN 38104-3550. Trade and Technical. Founded 1984. Contact: Elaine Wallace, (901)722-8892. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $3,100 per quarter. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Culinary Arts; Culinary Occupations

Messick Adult Education Center

703 S. Greer, Memphis, TN 38111. Trade and Technical. Contact: Carol M. Miller, Principal, (901)416-4840, Fax: (901)416-4842, Web Site: http://www.memphis-schools.k12.tn.us/schools/messickvotech.vt/messick.html. Public. Coed. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: None required. Enrollment: Total 15,000. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Placement service available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning; Appliance Repair; Auto Body & Fender Repair; Auto Mechanics; Aviation Technology; Bookkeeping; Broadcasting Technology; Building Maintenance; Carpentry; Child Care & Guidance; Civil Service Coaching; Clerical, General; Clerk, File; Clerk, Typist; Commercial Art; Cosmetology; Custodial Training; Dental Assisting; Dental Laboratory Technology; Diesel Technology; Drafting, Architectural; Drafting Technology; Dry Cleaning & Laundry; Electrical Technology; Electronics, Industrial; Electronics Technology; Fashion Merchandising; Food Preparation & Service; Food Service & Management; Food Store Management; Glazing; Graphic Arts; Health Aide; Health Occupations; Horticulture; Hospital Ward Clerk; Hotel & Motel Management; House & Medical Services Cleaning; Income Tax Preparation; Inhalation Therapy Technology; Insurance, General; Interior Decoration; Investment Securities; Laboratory Assistant, Certified; Laboratory Technology; Machine Operator, General; Machinist, General; Masonry; Mechanical Drafting; Mechanics, Truck; Medical Assistant; Millwright; Motorcycle Repair; Nurses Aide; Nursing, Practical; Nursing, R.N.; Office Machines; Office Machines Repair; Operating Room Technology; Painting; Painting, Decorating & Paper Hanging; Photography; Plastering; Plastics Technology; Plumbing; Printing, Offset; Receptionist; Salesmanship; Secretarial, Executive; Secretarial, Legal; Secretarial, Medical; Security Training; Sewing, Commercial; Sheet Metal; Small Engine Repair; Stenography, General; Tailoring; Television Electronics; Traffic & Transportation Management; Truck Driving; Typing; Upholstering; Welding Technology

National College of Business and Technology (Memphis)

3545 Lamar Ave, Memphis, TN 38118. Two-Year College.(901)363-9046, Web Site: http://www.ncbt.edu/locations/memphis.asp; Web Site: http://www.ncbt.edu/contact/contactStaffForm.asp. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $6,408 per year; $1,170 fees. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma, Certificate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Business Management; Computer Applications; Medical Assistant; Medical Billing; Medical Transcription; Office Technology; Pharmacy Technician

Remington College (Memphis Campus)

2731 Nonconnah Blvd., Ste. 160, Memphis, TN 38132-2110. Trade and Technical, Two-Year College. Founded 1987. Contact: Dr. Lori May, (901)345-1000, Fax: (901)396-8310, Web Site: http://remingtoncollege.edu; Web Site: http://remingtoncollege.edu/contact2.php4?campus=MEM. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Month. Tuition: $11,780-$31,540. Enrollment: men 277, women 300. Degrees awarded: Diploma, Associate. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business Administration (24 Mo); Computer Networking (24 Mo); Criminal Justice (24 Mo); Electronics & Computer Technology (24 Mo); Medical Assistant (8 Mo); Medical Insurance Specialist (8 Mo); Operations (18 Mo); Pharmacy Technician (8 Mo)

Sea Isle Vocational Technical Center

5250 Sea Isle Rd., Memphis, TN 38117. Trade and Technical. Founded 1968. Contact: Imogene D. Howell, (901)767-4050. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Term: Other. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: men 848, women 3,800. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Building Maintenance; Business, General Office; Electricity, Apprenticeship; Floriculture; Home Economics; Locksmithing; Medical Laboratory Assistant; Nurses Aide (12 Wk); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Operating Room Technology (12 Mo); Painting; Plumbing; Sheet Metal; Small Engine Repair

Sheffield Vocational-Technical Center

4350 Chuck St., Memphis, TN 38118-4081. Trade and Technical. Founded 1976. Contact: Viola J. O'Neil, (901)416-2340. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Term: Semester. Tuition: Varies. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Auto Body & Fender Repair; Auto Engine Diagnosis; Auto Mechanics; Carpentry; Electronics Technology; Home Economics; Secretarial, Science; Upholstering; Welding Technology

Southwest Community College

5983 Macon Cove, Memphis, TN 38134-7693. Trade and Technical. Founded 1967. Contact: Mona Washington, Assoc. Dir of Admissions, (901)333-5000, 877-717-7822, Fax: (901)333-4505, E-mail: mwashington@southwest.tn.edu, Web Site: http://www.southwest.tn.edu; Barbara Wells, Associate Director of Admissions, E-mail: bwells@southwest.tn.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $2,450/year in-state; $8,298/year out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 5,807. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate. Accreditation: ABET; SACS; ACBSP; CADE; NATEF; NAACLS; NLNAC; ABA; CAPTE; JRCERT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Automated (2 Yr); Administrative Assistant (2 Yr); Automotive Service (2 Yr); Aviation Maintenance Technology (2 Yr); Banking & Finance (2 Yr); Biomedical Electronics (2 Yr); Biomedical Technology (2 Yr); Business Administration (2 Yr); Chemical Technology (2 Yr); Civil Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Commerce (2 Yr); Communications, Telephone (2 Yr); Computer Programming (2 Yr); Court Reporting (2 Yr); Culinary Arts (2 Yr); Desktop Publishing (2 Yr); Food Service & Management (2 Yr); Graphic Arts (2 Yr); Hospitality (2 Yr); Hotel & Motel Management (2 Yr); Industrial Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Industrial Maintenance (2 Yr); Information Sciences Technology (2 Yr); Legal Assistant (2 Yr); Machine Technology (2 Yr); Maintenance, Machine Tool (2 Yr); Maintenance Technology (2 Yr); Mechanical Technology (2 Yr); Microcomputers (2 Yr); Mid-Management (2 Yr); Office Technology (2 Yr); Safety Technology (2 Yr); Tax Consultant (2 Yr); Telecommunications Technology (2 Yr); Transportation Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Travel & Tourism (2 Yr)

Southwest Tennessee Community College

PO Box 780, Memphis, TN 38101-0780. Two-Year College. Founded 2000. Contact: Mona Washington, Assoc.Dir. of Admissions, (901)333-5000, 877-717-7822, Fax: (901)333-5924, E-mail: mwashington@southwest.tn.edu, Web Site: http://www.southwest.tn.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Semester. Tuition: $2,450/year in-state; $8,298/year out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 5,807. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: APTA; CAAHEP; NASM; NLNAC; ACBSP; CADE; SACS; ABET; NATEF; NAACLS; JRCERT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting & Business Administration (2 Yr); Business Management (2 Yr); Clerk, Typist (1 Yr); Correctional Science (2 Yr); Dietetic Technology (2 Yr); Early Childhood Education (2 Yr); Emergency Medical Technology (2 Yr); Food Preparation & Service (1 Yr); Food Service & Management (2 Yr); Insurance, General; Marketing (2 Yr); Marketing Management (1 Yr); Medical Laboratory Technology (2 Yr); Merchandising (2 Yr); Nursing, Vocational (2 Yr); Occupational Therapy (2 Yr); Paramedic (1 Yr); Physical Therapy Aide (2 Yr); Police Science (2 Yr); Radiologic Technology (2 Yr); Secretarial, Executive (2 Yr); Secretarial, Legal (2 Yr); Secretarial, Medical (2 Yr); Travel & Transportation Management (2 Yr)

State Area Vocational-Technical School - Memphis

550 Alabama Ave., Memphis, TN 38105. Trade and Technical. Founded 1963. Contact: Russell Shelton, Dir., (901)543-6100, Fax: (901)543-6197, E-mail: rshelton@memphis.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.memphis.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $388 per quarter. Enrollment: men 1,463, women 736. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: JRCRTE; ADA; CAAHEP; NLNAC; FAA; COE; NATEF. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (12 Mo); Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (12 Mo); Airframe Mechanics (18 Mo); Art, Advertising - Commercial (12 Mo); Auto Body & Fender Repair (12 Mo); Automotive Technology (24 Mo); Computer Aided Drafting (18 Mo); Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Data Entry (3 Mo); Dental Assisting (12 Mo); Dental Laboratory Technology (18 Mo); Diesel Technology (18 Mo); Drafting Technology (18 Mo); Electricity, Industrial (18 Mo); Electronics, Industrial (18 Mo); Machine Shop (12 Mo); Nurse, Assistant (3 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Printing, Offset (12 Mo); Secretarial, General (12 Mo); Surgical Technology (12 Mo); Truck Driving (6 Wk); Welding Technology (12 Mo)

Tennessee Academy of Cosmetology

7020 E. Shelby Dr., Memphis, TN 38125. Cosmetology. Founded 1984. Contact: Ron Cohen, (901)757-4166, E-mail: tennacad@aol.com, Web Site: http://www.tennesseeacademy.com/. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $9,450 cosmetology; $3,995 manicuring. Enrollment: men 4, women 83. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: NACCAS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Esthetician (750 Hr); Manicurist (600 Hr)

Tennessee Technology Center at Memphis

550 Alabama, Memphis, TN 38105. Trade and Technical. Founded 1963. Contact: Russell C. Shelton, Dir., (901)543-6100, Fax: (901)543-6197, E-mail: rshelton@memphis.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.memphis.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $388 per quarter. Enrollment: men 1,579, women 874. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: ADA; CAAHEP; FAA; COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (12 Mo); Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (12 Mo); Auto Body & Fender Repair (18 Mo); Auto Mechanics (24 Mo); Aviation Technology (22 Mo); Barbering (14 Mo); Computer Aided Design (12 Mo); Computer Operations (12 Mo); Construction Technology (12 Mo); Cosmetology (14 Mo); Dental Assisting (12 Mo); Dental Laboratory Technology (18 Mo); Diesel Technology (18 Mo); Drafting Technology (18 Mo); Electricity, Industrial (18 Mo); Electronics Technology (18 Mo); Machine Tool Programming Technology (18 Mo); Mechanics, Diesel (18 Mo); Medical Assistant (12 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Pharmacy Technician (9 Mo); Printing, Offset (12 Mo); Respiratory Therapy (12 Mo); Secretarial, Administrative (12 Mo); Secretarial, General (12 Mo); Surgical Technology (12 Mo); Truck Driving (6 Wk); Welding Technology (12 Mo); Word Processing (3 Mo)

University of Tennessee, Memphis

College of Allied Health Sciences, 822 Beale St., Ste. 314, Memphis, TN 38103. Allied Medical. Founded 1972. Contact: Susan Mansfield, Dean, (901)448-5500, Fax: (901)448-7545, E-mail: smansfield@utmem.edu, Web Site: http://www.utmem.edu/allied. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: men 70, women 298. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ADA; AOTA; APTA; CAAHEP; NAACLS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cytotechnology (1 Yr); Dental Hygiene (2 Yr); Health Information Technology (1 Yr); Medical Technology (2 Yr); Occupational Therapy (2 Yr); Physical Therapy Technology (3 Yr)

William R. Moore College of Technology

1200 Poplar Ave., Memphis, TN 38104. Trade and Technical. Founded 1939. Contact: Don Smith, (901)726-1977, Fax: (901)726-1978, Web Site: http://www.mooretech.org. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Trisemester. Tuition: $2,175-$5,100 per program. Enrollment: men 150, women 20. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (2 Yr); Computer Repair (1 Yr); Drafting Technology (2 Yr); Electricity, Industrial (2 Yr); Machine Shop (2 Yr); Maintenance Technology (1 Yr); Welding Technology (1 Yr)

MILAN

Arnolds Beauty School

1179 S. Second St., Milan, TN 38358-2713. Cosmetology. Contact: Norma Arnold, Dir., (731)686-7351. Private. Coed. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $8,250. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate.

MORRISTOWN

Hamblen Beauty School

133 W. Main St., Morristown, TN 37814. Cosmetology. Founded 1954. Contact: Diane Moody, (423)586-4830. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $2,120. Enrollment: men 4, women 38. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Manicurist (600 Hr)

Tennessee Technology Center at Morristown

821 W. Louise Ave., Morristown, TN 37813-2094. Trade and Technical. Founded 1966. Contact: Michelle Davenport, Student Services Coord., (423)586-5771, Fax: (423)586-8030, E-mail: mdavenport@morristown.tec. tn.us, Web Site: http://www.morristown.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $388 per quarter. Enrollment: men 428, women 175. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (18 Mo); Auto Body & Fender Repair (15 Mo); Automotive Technology (18 Mo); Aviation Maintenance Technology (18 Mo); Business Technology (12-15 Mo); Computer Operations (12 Mo); Drafting Technology (15 Mo); Electricity, Industrial (15 Mo); Electronics & Computer Technology (15 Mo); Graphic Arts (12 Mo); Industrial Maintenance (15 Mo); Machine Tool Programming Technology (15 Mo); Masonry (12 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Truck Driving (3 Mo); Welding Technology (12 Mo)

Walters State Community College

500 S. Davy Crockett Pkwy., Morristown, TN 37813-6899. Two-Year College. Founded 1970. Contact: Mike Campbell, Dean of Admissions, (423)585-2600, (423)585-2685, 800-225-4770, Fax: (423)585-6786, E-mail: mike. campbell@ws.edu, Web Site: http://www.ws.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $2,190/year in-state; $8,036/year out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 3,101. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate. Accreditation: NLNAC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Networking (33-34 Hr); Computer Science (60 Hr); Culinary Arts (23 Hr); Early Childhood Education (60 Hr); Emergency Medical Technology (16 Hr); General Studies (60 Hr); Health Information Technology (64 Hr); Horticulture (60 Hr); Industrial Maintenance (23 Hr); Industrial Technology (60 Hr); Law Enforcement (23 Hr); Management (60 Hr); Medical Transcription (23 Hr); Microsoft Certified Specialist (18 Hr); Nursing, Practical (64-65 Hr); Office Administration (60 Hr); Paramedic (60 Hr); Pharmacy Technician (23 Hr); Physical Therapy Aide (66 Hr); Quality Control (23 Hr); Respiratory Therapy (62 Hr); Web Development (15 Hr)

MURFREESBORO

Tennessee Technology Center at Murfreesboro

1303 Old Fort Pkwy., Murfreesboro, TN 37129. Trade and Technical. Founded 1968. Contact: Monty G. Thomas, Dir., (615)898-8010, E-mail: mthomas@murfreesboro.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.murfreesboro.tec.tn.us; Jeannetta Lewis, Admissions and Records Clerk, E-mail: jeannetta. lewis@murfreesboro.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students not accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $327 per quarter. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration; Automotive Technology; Computer Aided Drafting; Computer Business Systems Technology; Computer Operations; Fire Science; Industrial Maintenance; Machine Tool Programming Technology

NASHVILLE

Aquinas College

4210 Harding Rd., Nashville, TN 37205. Two-Year College. Founded 1961. Contact: Diane LeJuene, Dir. of Admissions, (615)297-7545, 800-649-9956, Fax: (615)279-3893, E-mail: lejeuned@aquinas-tn.edu, Web Site: http://www.aquinas-tn.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Term: Semester. Tuition: $9,660 per year. Enrollment: Total 393. Degrees awarded: Associate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Law Enforcement (18 Mo); Marketing Management (18 Mo); Nursing, Vocational (21 Mo); Radiologic Technology (24 Mo)

Baker's School of Aeronautics

1645 Murfreesboro Rd., Nashville, TN 37217. Flight and Ground. Founded 1973. Contact: Jennifer Baker, Dir., (615)361-6787, 800-264-1787, Fax: (615)361-0010, E-mail: info@bakerssch.com, Web Site: http://www.bakerssch.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 900. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Aircraft Airframe Maintenance (1 Wk); Aircraft Flight Instruction (1 Wk); Aircraft Flight Instruction, Commercial Flying (1 Wk); Aircraft Flight Instruction, Instrument Flying (1 Wk); Aircraft Mechanics (1 Wk); Aircraft Powerplant Maintenance (1 Wk); Airframe Mechanics (1 Wk); Aviation Maintenance Technology (1 Wk); Aviation Technology (1 Wk)

Colemill Enterprises, Inc.

2640 Airpark Dr., PO Box 60627, Nashville, TN 37206. Flight and Ground. Founded 1944. Contact: Bill N. Colbert, Jr., (615)226-4256, 800-525-4114, Fax: (615)226-9408, E-mail: bill@colemill.com, Web Site: http://colemill.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Other. Enrollment: men 12, women 0. Accreditation: FAA. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Aircraft Flight Instruction, Airline Transport Pilot; Aircraft Flight Instruction, Commercial Flying; Aircraft Flight Instruction, Flight Instructor; Aircraft Flight Instruction, Helicopter Rating; Aircraft Flight Instruction, Instrument Flying; Aircraft Flight Instruction, Multi-Engine Rating - Airplane; Aircraft Flight Instruction, Primary Flying

Draughons Junior College Inc.

340 Plus Park Blvd., Nashville, TN 37217. Two-Year College. Founded 1884. Contact: Mark A. Gabis, President, (615)361-7555, 877-258-7796, Web Site: http://www.draughons.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $7,200; $2,100 books and supplies. Enrollment: Total 861. Degrees awarded: Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available.

ELS Language Centers

Belmont University, 1513 Compton Ave., Nashville, TN 37212. Other. Founded 1961. Contact: Jeff Hutcheson, Center Dir., (615)460-6011, Fax: (615)460-6943, E-mail: nsh@els.edu, Web Site: http://www.els.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Month. Tuition: $1,395 intensive; $1,045 semi-intensive. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ACCET. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: English As A Second Language (3-4 Wk)

Free Will Baptist Bible College

3606 W. End Ave., Nashville, TN 37205. Other. Founded 1942. Contact: Ryan Lewis, Dir. of Recruitment, (615)844-5000, 800-763-9222, Fax: (615)269-6028, E-mail: ryan@fwbbc.edu, Web Site: http://www.fwbbc.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $8,586 per year in-state. Enrollment: Total 303. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: SACS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Bible Study; Business; Business Education; Education; Liberal Arts; Minister; Music; Music Instructor; Physical Education

High-Tech Institute-Nashville

560 Royal Pkwy., Nashville, TN 37214. Trade and Technical, Allied Medical. (615)232-3700, 888-616-6549, Fax: (615)902-9766, Web Site: http://www.hightechinstitute.edu; Web Site: http://www.hightechinstitute.edu/request.php. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $20,234 - $27,010. Enrollment: men 321, women 915. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate. Accreditation: ACCSCT; ABHES. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Networking; Dental Assisting; Graphic Design; Massage Therapy; Medical Assistant; Medical Billing; X-Ray Technology

ITT Technical Institute (Nashville)

2845 Elm Hill Pike, Nashville, TN 37214-3717. Two-Year College. Founded 1984. Contact: Khaled Sakalla, Dean, (615)889-8700, 800-331-8386, Fax: (615)872-7209, Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu; Web Site: http://www.itttech.edu/contact/form.cfm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $14,196 per year. Enrollment: Total 928. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting Technology (96 Credits); Business Administration (96 Credits); Computer Aided Drafting & Design (96 Credits); Computer Networking (96 Credits); Computer Programming, Games (96 Credits); Criminal Justice (96 Credits); Data Processing - Programming Operations (96 Credits); Electrical Engineering Technology (96 Credits); Industrial Engineering Technology (96 Credits); Information Systems (96 Credits); Information Technology (96 Credits); Internet Technologies (96 Credits); Management (96 Credits); Multimedia Design (96 Credits); Network Security (96 Credits); Software Development/Engineering (96 Credits)

Jo Susan School of Modeling

179 Woodmont Blvd, Nashville, TN 37205. Other. Contact: Susan Carpenter, (615)279-1696. Private. Coed. Curriculum: Modeling, Professional

John A. Gupton College

1616 Church St., Nashville, TN 37203. Two-Year College. Founded 1946. Contact: B Steven Spann, President, (615)327-3927, Fax: (615)321-4518, E-mail: spann@guptoncollege.edu, Web Site: http://www.guptoncollege.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $225 per semester hour; estimated cost per semester $3,375.00. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate. Accreditation: SACS; ABFSE. Curriculum: Funeral Service Education (62 Hr)

Jon Nave University of Cosmetology

5126 Charlotte Ave., Nashville, TN 37209. Cosmetology. Founded 1966. Contact: John W. Nave, Owner, (615)383-2255, (615)269-9319, Fax: (615)383-2297, Web Site: http://www.jonnave.com/. Private. Coed. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $6,700. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Curriculum: Cosmetology; Esthetician; Manicurist

Lyle's Middle Tennessee School

2500 Grandview Ave., Nashville, TN 37211. Cosmetology. Founded 1964. Contact: June Lyle, Pres., (615)251-9969. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $5,000. Enrollment: men 15, women 35. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Manicurist (600 Hr); Shampoo Specialist (300 Hr)

Meharry Medical College-Tennessee State University

3500 John A. Merritt Blvd., Nashville, TN 37209. Allied Medical. Contact: Kathleen McEnerney, Ph.D., Dean of College of Health Sciences, (615)963-5000, (615)963-5001, 888-463-6878, Fax: (615)963-2930, E-mail: kmcenerney@tnstate.edu, Web Site: http://www.tnstate.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 228. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: NLNAC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Dental Hygiene (2 Yr)

Nashville Auto Diesel College

1524 Gallatin Rd., Nashville, TN 37206. Trade and Technical. Founded 1919. Contact: Walter Pruitt, (615)226-3990, 800-228-6232, E-mail: admissions@nadcedu.com, Web Site: http://www.nadcedu.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $14,500. Enrollment: men 1,641, women 14. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Auto Body & Fender Repair (48 Wk); Auto Mechanics - Diesel (1500 Hr)

Nashville State Technical Institute

120 White Bridge Rd., Nashville, TN 37209. Two-Year College. Founded 1970. Contact: Dr. George H. Van Allen, Pres., (615)353-3333, 800-272-7363, Fax: (615)353-3376, Web Site: http://www.nscc.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Semester. Tuition: $53 per credit hour. Enrollment: Total 7,400. Degrees awarded: Associate, Certificate. Accreditation: ABET; AOTA. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, Machine (2 Yr); Audiovisual Technology (1 Yr); Automation Technology (2 Yr); Automotive Service (2 Yr); Banking (2 Yr); Civil Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Communications Technology (2 Yr); Computer Operator (1 Yr); Computer Technology (2 Yr); Data Processing (2 Yr); Electrical Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Electronic Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Engineering Technology, Architectural (2 Yr); Engineering Technology, Mechanical (2 Yr); Graphic Arts (1 Yr); Industrial Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Maintenance, Electrical (1 Yr); Occupational Therapy Assistant (2 Yr); Office Administration (2 Yr); Photography (1 Yr); Robotics (2 Yr); Secretarial, Science (1 Yr); Surgical Technology (1 Yr)

National College of Business and Technology (Nashville)

3748 Nolensville Pk, Nashville, TN 37211. Two-Year College. Founded 1991. (615)333-3344, Web Site: http://www.ncbt.edu/locations/nashville.asp; Web Site: http://www.ncbt.edu/contact/contactStaffForm.asp. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $6,408 per year; $1,170 fees. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma, Certificate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Business Management; Computer Applications; Medical Assistant; Medical Billing; Medical Transcription; Office Technology; Pharmacy Technician

Remington College (Nashville Campus)

441 Donelson Pk., Ste. 150, Nashville, TN 37214. Trade and Technical, Two-Year College.(615)889-5520, Fax: (615)889-5528, Web Site: http://remingtoncollege.edu; Web Site: http://remingtoncollege.edu/contact2.php4?campus=NAS. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Month. Tuition: $11,780-$31,540. Enrollment: Total 175. Degrees awarded: Diploma, Associate. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Computer Networking (24 Mo); Criminal Justice (24 Mo); Dental Assisting (8 Mo); Medical Assistant (8 Mo)

Seminary Extension Independent Study Institute

901 Commerce, Ste. 500, Nashville, TN 37203-3631. Correspondence. Founded 1951. Contact: Candace Wall, (615)242-2453, Fax: (615)782-4822, Web Site: http://seminaryextension.org. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $28 per hour plus cost of textbooks and postage/handling. Enrollment: men 1,826, women 507. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: DETC. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Bible Study; Minister; Preaching, Clergy

Tennessee Technology Center (Nashville)

100 White Bridge Rd., Nashville, TN 37209. Trade and Technical. Founded 1967. Contact: Dr. Johnny Williams, Dir., (615)425-5500, Fax: (615)425-5581, E-mail: jwilliams@nashville.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.nashville.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $269 per quarter. Enrollment: men 800, women 600. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration (6 Qt); Auto Body & Fender Repair (5 Qt); Auto Mechanics (8 Qt); Automotive Technology (8 Qt); Aviation Maintenance Technology (7 Qt); Child Care & Guidance (4 Qt); Computer Aided Drafting (6 Qt); Computer Technology (6 Qt); Cosmetology (5 Qt); Data Entry (2 Qt); Dental Laboratory Technology (6 Qt); Electricity, Industrial (6 Qt); Machine Tool Programming Technology (6 Qt); Medical Technology - Phlebotomy (2 Qt); Nursing, Practical (4 Qt); Pharmacy Technician (4 Qt); Truck Driving (1 Qt)

Vanderbilt University Medical Center Programs in Allied Health

B-802 TVC, Nashville, TN 37232-5510. Allied Medical. Contact: Cynthia Broadhurst, (615)343-6800, (615)322-0062, Fax: (615)343-8810, Web Site: http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/alliedhealth. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: men 10, women 33. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: CAAHEP; JRCNMT; JRCERT; NAACLS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Cardiovascular Technology (21 Mo); Dietetic Technology (10 Mo); Medical Sonography (18 Mo); Medical Technology (1 Yr); Nuclear Medical Technology (1 Yr); Radiation Therapy Technology (1 Yr)

NEWBERN

Tennessee Technology Center (Newbern)

340 Washington St., Newbern, TN 38059. Trade and Technical. Contact: Wallace Sexton, (731)627-2511, Web Site: http://www.newbern.tec.tn.us/. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $387 per quarter. Enrollment: Total 189. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration; Auto Mechanics; Bookkeeping; Clerical, General; Computer Technology; Drafting Technology; Electronics, Digital; Electronics Technology; Machine Shop; Maintenance Technology; Nurse, Assistant; Nursing, Practical; Office, General; Secretarial, General

PARIS

Nestle Beauty School

210 N. Brewer St., Paris, TN 38242. Cosmetology. Contact: C. Russell, (731)642-0792. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Other. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Curriculum: Cosmetology

Tennessee Technology Center at Paris

312 S. Wilson St., Paris, TN 38242. Trade and Technical. Founded 1972. Contact: Jimmie R. Pritchard, Dir., (731)644-7365, Fax: (731)644-7368, E-mail: jpritchard@paris.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.paris.tec.tn.us/. Public. Coed. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Quarter. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: men 665, women 856. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Allied Health Occupations (324 Hr); Auto Body & Fender Repair (1944 Hr); Building Maintenance (1560 Hr); Business Communications (1620 Hr); Child Care & Guidance (1296 Hr); Computer Operations (1296 Hr); Cosmetology (1500 Hr); Electronics Technology (2268 Hr); Heavy Equipment (1944 Hr); Industrial Maintenance (1200 Hr); Machine Tool Programming Technology (1944 Hr); Metal Trades Technology (900 Hr); Nursing, Practical (1296 Hr)

PULASKI

Tennessee Technology Center at Pulaski

1233 East College St., Pulaski, TN 38478. Trade and Technical. Founded 1969. Contact: Jim Dixon, Dir., (931)424-4014, E-mail: jamesdixon@pulaski.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.pulaski.tec.tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $388 per quarter. Enrollment: men 200, women 75. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration (18 Mo); Business Occupations (15 Mo); Business Technology (15 Mo); Computer Electro-Mechanics (18 Mo); Computer Operations (15 Mo); Electricity, Industrial (15 Mo); Health Occupations (12 Mo); Industrial Maintenance (15 Mo); Machine Shop (18 Mo)

SHELBYVILLE

Tennessee Technology Center (Shelbyville)

1405 Madison St., Shelbyville, TN 37160. Trade and Technical. Founded 1964. Contact: Ivan Jones, Dir., (931)685-5013, Fax: (931)685-5016, E-mail: ijones@shelbyville.tec.tn.us, Web Site: http://www.shelbyville.tec.tn.us; Ron Boyd, Student Services Coordinator, E-mail: rboyd@shelbyville.tec. tn.us. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $438 per quarter. Enrollment: men 498, women 489. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Accreditation: COE. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (18 Mo); Auto Body & Fender Repair (18 Mo); Automotive Technology (18 Mo); Bookkeeping (12 Mo); Computer Aided Drafting (18 Mo); Computer Operations (18 Mo); Dental Assisting (8 Mo); Drafting, Architectural (18 Mo); Electricity, Industrial (18 Mo); Electronics, Industrial (18 Mo); Machine Technology (18 Mo); Mechanical Drafting (18 Mo); Medical Insurance Specialist (12 Mo); Nurses Aide (3 Mo); Nursing, Practical (12 Mo); Secretarial, Legal (15 Mo); Secretarial, Medical (15 Mo); Truck Driving (3 Mo); Welding Technology (12 Mo)

WHITE PINE

Transport Training Group

1126 Phillips Rd., PO Box 990, White Pine, TN 37890. Trade and Technical. Founded 1992. Contact: Rex Lowery, Dir., (865)674-8800. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Week. Tuition: $2,660. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Diesel Truck Driving; Tractor Trailer Operators Training; Truck Driving

College Blue Book

Tennessee

views updated Jun 27 2018

Tennessee

5 Environmental Protection

22 Domesticated Animals

34 Libraries and Museums

35 Communications

36 Press

37 Tourism, Travel & Recreation

38 Sports

39 Famous Tennesseans

40 Bibliography

State of Tennessee

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: Probably derived from Indian name Tenase, which was the principal village of the Cherokee.

NICKNAME : The Volunteer State.

CAPITAL: Nashville.

ENTERED UNION: 1 June 1796 (16th).

OFFICIAL SEAL: The upper half consists of the word “Agriculture,” a plow, a sheaf of wheat, a cotton plant, and the roman numeral XVI, signifying the order of entry into the Union. The lower half comprises the word “Commerce” and a boat. The words “The Great Seal of the State of Tennessee 1796” surround the whole. The date commemorates the passage of the state constitution.

FLAG: On a crimson field separated by a white border from a blue bar at the fly, three white stars on a blue circle edged in white represent the state’s three main general divisions—East, Middle, and West Tennessee.

MOTTO: Agriculture and Commerce.

SONG: “When It’s Iris Time in Tennessee;” “The Tennessee Waltz;” “My Homeland, Tennessee;” “Rocky Top;” “My Tennessee;” “Tennessee;” “The Pride of Tennessee.”

FLOWER: Iris (cultivated); Passion flower (wild flower).

TREE: Tulip poplar.

ANIMAL: Raccoon (wild animal); Tennessee cave salamander (amphibian).

BIRD: Mockingbird.

INSECT: Ladybug; firefly.

REPTILE: Box turtle.

GEM: Freshwater pearl.

ROCK OR STONE: Limestone; agate.

LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year’s Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Presidents’ Day, 3rd Monday in February; Good Friday, Friday before Easter, March or April; Memorial Day, last Monday in May; Independence Day, 4 July; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Columbus Day, 2nd Monday in October (sometimes observed the day after Thanksgiving at the governor’s discretion); Veterans’ Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November; Christmas Day, 25 December.

TIME: 7 AM EST = noon GMT; 6 AM CST = noon GMT.

1 Location and Size

Situated in the eastern south-central United States, Tennessee ranks 34th in size among the 50 states. The total area of the state is 42,144 square miles (109,152 square kilometers), of which land occupies 41,155 square miles (106,591 square kilometers) and inland water 989 square miles (2,561 square kilometers). Tennessee extends about 430 miles (690 kilometers) from east to west and 110 miles (180 kilometers) from north to south. The boundary length of Tennessee totals 1,306 miles (2,102 kilometers).

2 Topography

Tennessee is divided topographically into six major physical regions: the Unaka Mountains, the Great Valley of East Tennessee, the Cumberland Plateau, the Highland Rim, the Central Basin, and the Gulf Coastal Plain. In addition, there are two minor physical regions: the Western Valley of the Tennessee River and the Mississippi Flood Plains.

Unaka Mountains in the east are part of the Appalachian chain and include the Great Smoky Mountains. The tallest peak is Clingmans Dome in the Great Smokies, which rises to 6,643 feet (2,026 meters).

The Great Valley to the west of the Unaka consists of long, narrow ridges with broad valleys between them. Since the coming of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in 1933, the area has been dotted with artificial lakes and dams, which supply electric power and aid in flood control.

The Cumberland Plateau is a region of contrasts, including both the Cumberland Mountains, which rise to a height of 3,500 feet (1,100 meters), and the Sequatchie Valley, the floor of which lies about 1,000 feet (300 meters) below the surface of the adjoining plateau.

The Highland Rim, in middle Tennessee, is the state’s largest natural region and encircles the

Tennessee Population Profile

Total population estimate in 2006:	6,038,803
Population change, 2000–06:	6.1%
Hispanic or Latino†:	3.0%
Population by race
One race:	98.8%
White:	79.6%
Black or African American:	16.4%
American Indian /Alaska Native:	0.3%
Asian:	1.3%
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander:	0.0%
Some other race:	1.2%
Two or more races:	1.2%

Population by Age Group

Major Cities by Population
City	Population	% change 2000–05
Notes: †A person of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race. NA indicates that data are not available.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey and Population Estimates. www.census.gov/ (accessed March 2007).
Memphis	672,277	3.4
Nashville-Davidson	549,110	0.7
Knoxville	180,130	3.6
Chattanooga	154,762	-0.5
Clarksville	112,878	9.1
Murfreesboro	86,793	26.1
Jackson	62,099	4.1
Johnson	58,718	5.9
Franklin	53,311	27.4
Hendersonville	44,876	10.5

Central Basin, an oval depression with a gently rolling surface.

The westernmost of the major regions is the Gulf Coastal Plain that embraces practically all of west Tennessee. In the northwest corner is Reelfoot Lake, the only natural lake of significance in the state, formed by a series of earthquakes in 1811 and 1812. The state’s lowest point, 178 feet (54 meters) above sea level, is on the banks of the Mississippi in the southwest.

Waters from the two longest rivers—the Tennessee, with a total length of 652 miles (1,049 kilometers), and the Cumberland, which is 687 miles (1,106 kilometers) long—flow into the Ohio River in Kentucky. Tributaries of the Tennessee are the Clinch, Duck, Elk, Hiwassee, and Sequatchie rivers. Tributaries of the Cumberland River are the Harpeth, Red, Obey, Caney Fork, and Stones rivers and Yellow Creek. In the western part of the state, the Forked Deer and Wolf rivers are among those flowing into the Mississippi, which forms the western border with Missouri and Arkansas.

3 Climate

Generally, Tennessee has a temperate climate with warm summers and mild winters. The warmest parts of the state are the Gulf Coastal Plain, the Central Basin, and the Sequatchie

Tennessee Population by Race

Census 2000 was the first national census in which the instructions to respondents said, “Mark one or more races.” This table shows the number of people who are of one, two, or three or more races. For those claiming two races, the number of people belonging to the various categories is listed. The U.S. government conducts a census of the population every ten years.

	Number	Percent
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Census 2000: Redistricting Data. Press release issued by the Redistricting Data Office. Washington, D.C., March, 2001. A dash (—) indicates that the percent is less than 0.1.
Total population	5,689,283	100.0
One race	5,626,174	98.9
Two races	59,476	1.0
White and Black or African American	12,273	0.2
White and American Indian/Alaska Native	19,006	0.3
White and Asian	7,793	0.1
White and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	808	—
White and some other race	11,056	0.2
Black or African American and American Indian/Alaska Native	2,149	—
Black or African American and Asian	1,038	—
Black or African American and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	243	—
Black or African American and some other race	2,421	—
American Indian/Alaska Native and Asian	303	—
American Indian/Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	37	—
American Indian/Alaska Native and some other race	461	—
Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	396	—
Asian and some other race	1,289	—
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and some other race	203	—
Three or more races	3,633	0.1

Valley. Annual mean temperatures are around 60°f (16°c) in most parts of the state. The record high temperature for the state is 113°f (45°c), set at Perryville on 9 August 1930. The record low, -32°f (-36°c), was registered at Mountain City on 30 December 1917.

Average annual precipitation is 54.7 inches (138.9 centimeters) in Memphis and 48 inches (122 centimeters) in Nashville. Severe storms occur frequently. Snowfall varies and is more prevalent in East Tennessee than in the western section. Nashville gets about 10 inches (25.4 centimeters) a year while Memphis only receives 5 inches (12.7 centimeters) annually.

4 Plants and Animals

With its varied terrain and soils, Tennessee has an abundance of native plants. Tree species include tulip poplar (the state tree) and short-leaf pine in the eastern part of the state; oak, hickory, and ash in the Highland Rim; gum maple, black walnut, and sycamore in the west; and cypress in the Reelfoot Lake area. In East Tennessee, rhododendron, mountain laurel, and wild azalea blossoms create a blaze of color in the mountains. More than 300 native Tennessee plants, including digitalis and ginseng have been utilized for medicinal purposes. In 2006, a total of 19 plant species were listed as threatened or endangered in Tennessee, including the Blue Ridge goldenrod, Cumberland rosemary and sandwort, Roan Mountain bluet, and Tennessee purple coneflower.

Tennessee mammals include the raccoon (the state animal), white-tailed deer, black bear, and bobcat. More than 250 bird species reside in Tennessee. Bobwhite quail, ruffed grouse, mourning dove, and mallard duck are the most common game birds. The state’s 56 amphibian species include numerous frogs, salamanders, and newts. There are 58 reptile species, including three types of rattlesnake. Of the 186 fish species in Tennessee’s lakes and streams, catfish, bream, and largemouth bass are some of the leading game fish.

Tennessee’s Wildlife Resources Agency conducts an endangered and threatened species protection program. As of April 2006, there were 61 animal species listed as endangered or threatened, including the 7 species of darter, gray and Indiana bats, pallid sturgeon, bald eagle, Carolina northern flying squirrel, least tern, and white wartyback pearlymussel. The snail darter is Tennessee’s most famous threatened species.

5 Environmental Protection

The Great Smoky Mountains in east Tennessee are sensitive to changes in air quality. In 1997, the state forged an agreement with the US National Park Service and the US Forest Service to ensure that the process for issuing permits for new industries in the area take into account both business and environmental concerns.

The streams of west Tennessee were extensively channelized for flood control beginning in the late 1800s, with a negative impact on both habitat and cropland. As of 2003, the state was working with local citizens and the US Army Corps of Engineers to reverse this process by restoring the natural meandering flow to the tributaries of the Mississippi.

The Division of Pollution Prevention Assistance was established in 1993 to provide information and support to industries attempting to reduce their pollution and waste. In 2003, Tennessee had 245 hazardous waste sites listed in the Environmental Protection Agency’s database, 13 of which were on the National Priorities List as of 2006.

6 Population

In 2006, Tennessee ranked 17th in population (down from 16th in 2005) in the United States with an estimated total of 6,038,803 residents. The population is projected to reach 7 million by 2025. In 2004, the state’s population density was 143.2 persons per square mile (55.2 persons per square kilometer). In that same year, the median age was 37. In 2005, those aged 65 or older accounted for 12% of all residents, while 24% were under the age of 18.

Memphis is the state’s largest city. In 2005 it had an estimated population of 672,277. Nashville-Davidson had 549,110 residents, followed by Knoxville, with 180,130, and Chattanooga, with 154,762.

7 Ethnic Groups

Descendants of European immigrants make up about half the population of Tennessee, the largest groups being of English and German descent. According to the 2000 census, there were an estimated 15,152 Native Americans in Tennessee. The estimated black American population in 2000 was 932,809 (16% of the state total). In 2006, black Americans accounted for 16.4% of the state’s population. There were about 56,662 Asians residing in the state, including 12,835 Asian Indians. Pacific Islanders numbered 2,205. There were also 123,838 Hispanics and Latinos, representing 2.2% of the total population. In 2006, Hispanics and Latinos accounted for 3.0% of the population. In 2000, 159,004 residents (2.8% of the population) were foreign born.

8 Languages

Tennessee English represents a mixture of North Midland and South Midland features, as well as Southern features. Common are such non-Northern terms as wait on (wait for), pullybone (wishbone), and light bread (white bread). In eastern Tennessee are found goobers (peanuts), tote (carry), and fireboard (mantel). Appearing in western Tennessee are loaf bread and cold drink (soft drink). In Memphis, a large, long sandwich is a poorboy.

In 2000, of the population age five and older, 95.2% spoke only English at home. Other languages and the number of speakers included the following: Spanish, 133,931; German, 20,267; and French, 17,557.

9 Religions

Tennessee has long been considered part of the Bible Belt because of the influence of fundamentalist Protestant groups who believe in a literal interpretation of the Bible. Two Protestant groups who originated on the Tennessee frontier in the first half of the 19th century were the Disciples of Christ and the Church of Christ. The Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) was established in the state in 1886 as a result of the greater Pentecostal movement.

Evangelical Protestants still account for a majority of the religiously active population in Tennessee. In 2000, the largest single religious group in the state was the Southern Baptist Convention with 1,414,199 adherents. Other Evangelical groups were the Churches of Christ, 216,648; the Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee), 66,136; Independent Non-Charismatic Churches, 50,003; and Assemblies of God, 40,430. The major Mainline Protestant denominations (with 2002 figures) were the United Methodist Church, 393,994; the Presbyterian Church USA, 67,800; and the Episcopal Church, 35,037. In 2004 there were around 185,486 Roman Catholics in the State. In 2000 there were 18,464 Muslims, and an estimated 18,250 Jews in the state. About 2.7 million people (48.9% of the population) were not counted as members of any religious organization.

10 Transportation

In 2003, Tennessee had 2,821 miles (4,541 kilometers) of railroad track. As of 2006, Amtrak provided north–south passenger service to Memphis and Newbern, Tennessee via its Chicago to New Orleans City of New Orleans train.

In 2004, Tennessee had 88,988 miles (143,270 kilometers) of roads. The major interstate highway is I-40, crossing east–west from Knoxville to Nashville and Memphis. In that same year, there were about 5.049 million motor vehicles registered in the state, while 4,247,884 Tennesseans were licensed drivers.

The principal means of transportation during Tennessee’s early history was water, and all the early settlements were built on or near streams. The introduction of steamboats on the Cumberland River in the early 19th century helped make Nashville the state’s largest city and its foremost trading center. However by mid-century, that distinction would go to Memphis, located on the Mississippi River

In 2004, Tennessee had 946 miles (1,523 kilometers of navigable inland waterways. The completion in 1985 of the 234-mile (377-kilometer) Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway gave Tennessee shippers a direct north–south route for all vessels between the Tennessee River and the Gulf of Mexico via the Black Warrior River in Alabama. Although none of the waterway runs through Tennessee, the northern terminus is on the Tennessee River near the common borders of Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi. Freight ports are located at Memphis and Nashville.

In 2005, there were 195 airports, 100 heliports, 8 STOLports (Short Take-Off and Landing), and 2 seaplane bases in the state. As of 2004, Memphis International Airport was among the world’s busiest cargo handling facilities, and was also the state’s major air terminal in terms of passengers, with 5,295,062 passenger boardings.

11 History

When the first Spanish explorers arrived in the early 16th century, the Creek tribe was living in what is now East Tennessee, along with the Yuchi. About 200 years later, the powerful Cherokee drove them out of the area and established themselves as the dominant tribe. The Cherokee retained their tribal dominance until they were forced out by the federal government in the 1830s. Other tribes were the Chickasaw in West Tennessee, and the Shawnee, who occupied the Cumberland Valley in Middle Tennessee.

Explorers and traders from continental Europe and the British Isles were in Tennessee for well over 100 years before permanent settlements were established in the 1760s. By the mid-1700s, hundreds—perhaps thousands—of English adventurers had crossed the Appalachian barrier and explored the country beyond, claimed first by the colony of Virginia and later assigned to North Carolina. Perhaps the best known was Daniel Boone, who by 1760 had found his way into present-day Washington County, Tennessee.

With the conclusion of the French and Indian War in 1763, many people from North Carolina and Virginia began to cross the Alleghenies. Elisha Walden was among those who first led groups of “long hunters” into the wilderness. Two major areas of settlement developed. The larger one, in the northeast, was organized as the Watauga Association in the 1770s. The second major area was in the Cumberland Basin, where James Robertson established a settlement he called Nashborough (now Nashville) in 1779.

Statehood The Revolutionary War did not reach as far west as Tennessee, but many of the early settlers there fought in the Carolinas and Virginia. The Revolution was hardly over when Tennesseans began to think about statehood for themselves. In 1790, North Carolina ceded its western lands to the United States. Tennessee became known as the Southwest Territory. The population doubled to more than 70,000 in 1795, and steps were taken to obtain statehood for the territory. On 1 June 1796, President George Washington signed a bill admitting Tennessee as the 16th state. Andrew Jackson became the state’s first US representative.

By 1809, Nashville, Knoxville, and other early settlements became thriving frontier towns. Churches and schools were established, industry and agriculture developed, and Tennessee became a leading iron producer.

Andrew Jackson’s rise to prominence came as a result of his successful leadership at the Battle of New Orleans, fought at the conclusion of the War of 1812. He returned to Nashville a hero, and was elected to the US Senate in 1823. Although Jackson received the most votes, the 1824 presidential election was decided by the House of Representatives, which chose John Quincy Adams as president. Jackson ran again in 1828 and won, serving then as president of the United States for eight years.

Early 19th Century Social reform and cultural growth characterized the first half of the 19th century. A prison was built, and the penal code was reformed. Temperance newspapers were published and laws passed to limit the consumption of alcoholic beverages. In 1834 a few women, embracing the feminist cause, were influential in giving the courts, rather than the legislature, the right to grant divorces.

More than most other Southern states, Tennessee was divided over the issue of slavery. Slaveholders predominated in the west, where cotton was grown profitably, as well as in Middle Tennessee. But in East Tennessee, where blacks made up less than 10% of the population, antislavery sentiment thrived. Supporters of emancipation urged that it be accomplished peacefully, gradually, and with compensation to the slave owners. At the constitutional convention of 1834, hundreds of petitions were presented asking that the legislature be empowered to free the slaves, while at the same time the convention sought to take the right to vote away from free blacks.

Considerable economic growth took place during this period. West Tennessee became a major cotton growing area. The counties of the Highland Rim produced tobacco in such abundance that, by 1840, Tennessee ranked just behind Kentucky and Virginia in total production. East Tennessee farmers grew fruits and vegetables for market.

Civil War Tennessee became a major battleground during the Civil War, as armies from both North and South crossed the state. Many Tennesseans favored secession, but the eastern counties remained staunchly Unionist, and many East Tennesseans crossed over into Kentucky to enlist in the Union Army. In February 1862, Fort Donelson and Fort Henry were taken by General Ulysses S. Grant and naval Captain Andrew H. Foote, thereby opening the state to Union armies. Within two weeks Nashville was under Union army control, and both sides suffered tremendous losses at the Battle of Shiloh, two months later.

President Abraham Lincoln established a military government for the conquered state and appointed Andrew Johnson to head it. Johnson, who had been elected to the US Senate in 1858, remained there in 1861, the only Southern senator to do so, refusing to follow his state into the Confederacy. In 1864, he was elected vice president under Lincoln.

Confederate forces launched two major campaigns—both unsuccessful—to retake the state, threatening Nashville in December 1862 and attacking Union forces at Franklin and Nashville two years later. In between, the Battle of Chickamauga, in which the Confederates drove Union troops back to Chattanooga in September 1863, was one of the bloodiest engagements of the war.

After the Civil War Returning to the Union in 1866, Tennessee was the only former Confederate state not to have a military government during Reconstruction. Economic readjustment was not as difficult as elsewhere in the South, and within a few years agricultural production recovered, but it did not exceed prewar levels until 1900. By the early 1880s, flour, wool, and paper mills were established in all the urban areas. By the late 1890s, Memphis was a leading cotton market and the nation’s foremost producer of cottonseed oil.

As the 20th century dawned, the major issue in Tennessee was the crusade against alcohol, a movement with deep roots in the 19th century. In 1909, after the shooting of a prominent prohibitionist, “dry” forces enacted legislation that, in effect, imposed prohibition on the entire state. The prohibition movement helped promote the cause of women’s suffrage, and in 1919, women were granted the right to vote in municipal elections. One year later, Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution, thereby granting women the right to vote nationwide.

1920s to 1940s The 1920s brought a resurgence of religious fundamentalism. Nationwide attention was brought to the state with the trial and conviction of a high school teacher named John T. Scopes, who challenged a 1925 law that prohibited teaching of the theory of evolution in the public schools.

The 1930s brought depression, but they also brought the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), established a few weeks after Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s inauguration in 1933. By the late 1930s, power lines were being strung into remote areas bringing electricity to practically everyone. Inexpensive power became a magnet for industry, and industrial employment in the region nearly doubled in two decades. The building of an atomic weapons plant at Oak Ridge in 1942 was due in large measure to the availability of TVA power.

The Depression hurt many manufacturers, and farm prices declined drastically. The state was still was in the grip of financial depression when World War II began. Tennessee firms received defense contracts amounting to $1.25 billion and employed more than 200,000 people during the war, and industrial growth continued during the postwar period, while agriculture recovered and diversified. The chemical industry, spurred by high demand during and after World War II, became a leading sector, along with textiles, apparel, and food processing.

1950s to 1990s Considerable progress was made toward ending racial discrimination during the postwar years, although the desegregation of public schools was accomplished only after outbursts of violence at Clinton, Nashville, and Memphis. The killing of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., in Memphis in 1968 resulted in rioting by blacks in that city. The most notable political development during the 1970s was the resurgence of the Republican Party.

The early 1980s saw the exposure of corruption in high places: former governor Ray Blanton and several aides were convicted for conspiracy to sell liquor licenses, and banker and former gubernatorial candidate Jacob F. “Jake” Butcher was convicted of fraud following the collapse of his banking empire. On the brighter side, there was a successful World’s Fair in 1982, as well as the Knoxville International Energy Exposition.

The state economy was also bolstered by the arrival of both Nissan and General Motors plants. The state gained nearly 45,000 manufacturing jobs between 1982 and 1992, many of them in the automotive and other transport-related industries. Tennessee’s unemployment rate fell to a 16-year low of 4.7% in 1994.

In 1992 school reform laws were passed by the state legislature, and in 1993, TennCare was created to replace Medicaid coverage for 1.5 million uninsured residents of the state.

21st Century In 2002, Democrat Phil Bredesen was elected to the governorship. Under his leadership, Tennessee led the nation in attempting to collect mail-order and Internet sales taxes. By 2005, the governor had issued executive orders that established strict ethics rules for the executive branch. His administration also sought to guide the state through a fiscal crisis without raising taxes. Tennessee also demonstrated its commitment to improving education by raising pay for teachers.

12 State Government

Tennessee’s first constitution was adopted in 1796, just prior to the state’s admission to the Union. The basic structure in that document remains basically intact, although the constitution has been amended 36 times, as of January 2005.

Executive authority is vested in a governor, elected to four year terms, who can approve or veto bills adopted by the legislature, and also has line-item veto power. Legislative power is placed in the Tennessee General Assembly, consisting of a 99-member House, who serve 2-year terms, and a 33-member Senate, who serve terms of 4 years.

The governor appoints a cabinet of 21 members. The speaker of the state senate automatically becomes lieutenant governor. The secretary of state, treasurer, and comptroller of the treasury are chosen by the legislature.

years the legislature may offer voters the chance to call a convention for the purpose of amending the constitution.

The legislative salary in 2004 was $16,500, and the governor’s salary was $85,000.

13 Political Parties

After the Civil War and Reconstruction, Tennessee primarily elected Democratic candidates for nearly a century, although East Tennessee remained a Republican stronghold. Although the 1920s saw a tendency away from one-party domination, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the government programs of the New Deal persuaded voters to elect more Democrats. Tennesseans voted overwhelmingly Democratic in the four elections won by Roosevelt (1932–44).

After World War II, the one-party dominance in Tennessee was tested again. Between 1948 and 1976, the only Democratic nominees to carry the state came from the South (Lyndon Johnson and Jimmy Carter), or from a border state (Harry Truman). In state elections, the Republicans made deep inroads into Democratic power during the 1960s and 1970s.

Democrat Phil Bredesen was elected governor in 2002 and reelected in 2006. In 1994, Dr. Bill Frist, a heart surgeon, was elected a US senator on the Republican ticket, defeating Democrat

Tennessee Governors: 1796–2007

1796–1801	John Sevier	Dem-Rep
1801–1803	Archibald Roane	Dem-Rep
1803–1809	John Sevier	Dem-Rep
1809–1815	Willie Blount	Dem-Rep
1815–1821	Joseph McMinn	Dem-Rep
1821–1827	William Carroll	Dem-Rep
1827–1829	Samuel Houston	Democrat
1829	William Hall	Dem-Rep
1829–1835	William Carroll	Democrat
1835–1839	Newton Cannon	Whig
1839–1841	James Knox Polke	Democrat
1841–1845	James Chamberlain Jones	Whig
1845–1847	Aaron Venable Brown	Democrat
1847–1849	Neill Smith Brown	Whig
1849–1851	William Trousdale	Democrat
1851–1853	William Bowen Campbell	Whig
1853–1857	Andrew Johnson	Democrat
1857–1861	Isham Green Harris	Democrat
1862–1865	Andrew Johnson	Republican
1865	Edward Hazzard East	Prohibitionist
1865–1869	William Gannaway Brownlow	Whig-Rep
1869–1871	DeWitt Clinton Senter	Conserv-Rep
1871–1875	John Calvin Brown	Democrat
1875–1879	James Davis Porter, Jr.	Democrat
1879–1881	Albert Smith Marks	Democrat
1881–1883	Alvin Hawkins	Republican
1883–1887	William Brimage Bate	Democrat
1887–1891	Robert Love Taylor	Democrat
1891–1893	John Price Buchanan	Democrat
1893–1897	Peter Turney	Democrat
1897–1899	Robert Love Taylor	Democrat
1899–1903	Benton McMillin	Democrat
1903–1905	James Beriah Frazier	Democrat
1905–1907	John Isaac Cox	Democrat
1907–1911	Malcolm Rice Patterson	Democrat
1911–1915	Ben Walker Hooper	Republican
1915–1919	Thomas Clark Rye	Democrat
1919–1921	Albert Houston Roberts	Democrat
1921–1923	Alfred Alexander Taylor	Republican
1923–1927	Austin Peay III	Democrat
1927–1933	Henry Hollis Horton	Democrat
1933–1937	Harry Hill McAlister	Democrat
1937–1939	Gordon Weaver Browning	Democrat
1939–1945	William Prentice Cooper	Democrat
1945–1949	James Nance McCord	Democrat
1949–1953	Gordon Weaver Browning	Democrat
1953–1959	Frank Goad Clement	Democrat
1959–1963	Earl Buford Ellington	Democrat
1963–1967	Frank Goad Clement	Democrat
1967–1971	Earl Buford Ellington	Democrat
1971–1975	Bryant Winfield Dunn	Republican
1975–1979	Leonard Ray Blanton	Democrat
1979–1987	Lamar Alexander	Republican
1987–1995	Ned Ray McWherter	Democrat
1995–2003	Don Sundquist	Republican
2003–	Phil Bredesen	Democrat
Conservative Democrat – Conserv-Rep
Democratic Republican – Dem-Rep

James Sasser. He was reelected in 2000, and in December 2002, was elected the Senate Majority Leader. Frist did not run for reelection in 2006. Republican Bob Corker Jr. won his open seat. In 2002, former governor Lamar Alexander was elected US senator from Tennessee. US representatives included four Republicans and five Democrats after the November 2006 elections. There were 16 Democrats and 17 Republicans in the state senate, and 53 Democrats and 46 Republicans in the state house following the 2006 elections. Twenty-three women were elected to the state legislature in 2006, or 17.4%.

Tennessee voters, who gave Republican George H. W. Bush 57.4% of the vote in 1988, chose Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996 with his Tennessee running mate, Al Gore. In the 2000 election, Republican George W. Bush received 51% of the vote to Democrat Al Gore’s 48%. In 2004, President Bush won Tennessee by a margin of 56.8% to 42.5% for John Kerry.

In 2004, there were 3,532,000 registered voters in Tennessee. There is no party registration in the state.

Tennessee Presidential Vote by Political Parties, 1948–2004

YEAR	TENNESSEE WINNER	DEMOCRAT	REPUBLICAN	STATES’ RIGHTS DEMOCRAT	PROGRESSIVE	PROHIBITION
*Won US presidential election.
1948	*Truman (D)	270,402	202,914	73,815	1,864	—
				CONSTITUTION
1952	*Eisenhower (R)	443,710	446,147	379	887	1,432
1956	*Eisenhower (R)	456,507	462,288	19,820	—	789
				NATL. STATES’ RIGHTS
1960	Nixon (R)	481,453	556,577	11,298	—	2,450
1964	*Johnson (D)	635,047	508,965	—	—	—
				AMERICAN IND.
1968	*Nixon (R)	351,233	472,592	424,792	—	—
					AMERICAN
1972	*Nixon (R)	357,293	813,147	—	30,373	—
						LIBERTARIAN
1976	*Carter (D)	825,897	633,969	2,303	5,769	1,375
				NATL. STATESMAN	CITIZENS
1980	*Reagan (R)	783,051	787,761	5,0211	1,112	7,116
1984	*Reagan (R)	711,714	990,212	—	978	3,072
1988	*Bush (R)	679,794	947,233	—	1,334	2,041
				IND. (PEROT)
1992	*Clinton (D)	933,521	841,300	199,968	727	1,847
1996	*Clinton (D)	909,146	863,530	105,918	—	5,020
				LIBERTARIAN		REFORM
2000	*Bush, G. W. (R)	981,720	1,061,949	4,284	19,781	4,250
2004	*Bush, G. W. (R)	1,036,477	1,384,375	—	—	—

14 Local Government

In 2005, local government in Tennessee is exercised by 95 counties and 349 municipalities. The constitution specifies that county officials must include at least a registrar, trustee (the custodian of county funds), sheriff, and county clerk. Other officials have been added by legislative enactment. There are three forms of municipal government: mayor-council (or mayor-alderman), council-manager, and commission. The mayor-council system is the oldest and by far the most widely employed. There were 138 school districts and 475 special districts in 2005.

15 Judicial System

The five-member Tennessee Supreme Court is the highest court in the state. The court has appeals jurisdiction only, holding sessions in Nashville, Knoxville, and Jackson.

Immediately below the Supreme Court are two appeals courts established by the legislature to relieve the crowded high court schedule. Circuit courts hear both civil and criminal cases. Tennessee also has chancery courts, which settle disputes regarding property ownership, hear divorce cases, and rule on a variety of other matters. At the bottom of the judicial structure are general sessions courts.

In 2004, Tennessee’s violent crime (murder/nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault) rate stood at 695.2 incidents per 100,000 inhabitants. As of 31 December 2004, federal and state prisons in Tennessee had 25,884 inmates. Tennessee implements the death penalty; of which lethal injection is the sole method of execution for those sentenced after 1 January 1999. Those sentenced prior to the date can select electrocution. There were 108 persons on death row, as of 1 January 2006.

16 Migration

Between 1990 and 1998, Tennessee had net gains of 338,000 in domestic migration and 27,000 in international migration. In the period 2000–05, net international migration totaled 49,973 people, while net domestic migration for that same period totaled 109,707, for a net gain of 159,680 people.

17 Economy

Tennessee’s economy is based primarily on industry. Since the 1930s, the number of people employed in industry has grown at a rapid rate, while the number of farmers has declined. The principal manufacturing areas are Memphis, Nashville, Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Kingsport-Bristol. With the construction in the 1980s of a Nissan automobile and truck plant, and a General Motors automobile facility, Tennessee has become an important producer of transportation equipment.

Since 1995 however, employment in the state’s manufacturing sector has declined, and since 1999 manufacturing output has also fallen, with the 2001 national recession causing a loss of 36,000 of jobs in that year. Meanwhile, growth in the economy has come from various services sectors in the early 2000s.

In 2004, the gross state product (GSP) was $217.6 billion, of which manufacturing accounted for the largest portion at 17.5% of GSP, followed by the real estate sector at 10.6%, and health care and social assistance at 8.2% of GSP. Of the 109,853 businesses in Tennessee that had employees, an estimated 97.2% were small companies.

18 Income

In 2004, Tennessee ranked 35th among the 50 states and the District of Columbia with a per capita (per person) income of $29,844 compared to the national average of $33,050. The median annual household income for the period 2002–04 was $38,550 compared to the national average of $44,473. For the same period, an estimated 14.9% of the state’s residents lived below the federal poverty level, compared to 12.4% nationwide.

19 Industry

On the eve of the Civil War, only 1% of Tennessee’s population was employed in manufacturing. But by 1981, rapid industrial growth in the 20th century transformed the state, making Tennessee third among the southeastern states and 15th in the United States in the shipment value of its manufactured products.

In 2004, the shipment value of all products manufactured in Tennessee totaled $125.530 billion. Of that total, transportation equipment manufacturing accounted for the largest share at $26.256 billion, followed by computer and electronic equipment manufacturing at $14.584 billion, and food manufacturing at $13.293 billion.

In 2004, a total of 384,152 people were employed in the state’s manufacturing sector. Of that total, the transportation equipment manufacturing sector was the largest at 58,023 employees, followed by food manufacturing at 36,361 employees, and by plastics and rubber products manufacturing at 31,118.

Tennessee’s four major metropolitan areas, Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville, and Chattanooga, account for the largest portion of the state’s industrial workers.

20 Labor

In April 2006, the civilian labor force in Tennessee numbered 2,960,500, with approximately 161,200 workers unemployed, yielding an unemployment rate of 5.4%, compared to the national average of 4.7%. In 2006, about 4.5% of the labor force was employed in construction; 14.6% in manufacturing; 21.9% in trade, transportation, and public utilities; 5.2% in financial activities; 11.3% in professional and business services; 125 in education and health services; 9.7% in leisure and hospitality services; and 15% in government.

In 2005, a total of 128,000 of Tennessee’s 2,368,000 employed wage and salary workers were members of a union, representing 5.4% of those so employed, well below the national average of 12%.

21 Agriculture

Tennessee ranked 32nd among the 50 states in 2005 with farm receipts of over $2.5 billion. The state had 85,000 farms in 2004.

From the pre-Civil War period into the 1950s, cotton, followed by corn and tobacco, were the main crops grown in the state. However, by the early 1960s, soybeans became the leading source of farm income. In 2004, soybeans, greenhouse/nursery products and cotton collectively accounted for 30% of the state’s farm income.

In 2004, tobacco production totaled 67.9 million pounds (37.798 million kilograms). The main types of tobacco are burley, a fine leaf used primarily for cigarettes, and eastern and western dark-fired, which are used primarily for cigars, pipe tobacco, and snuff. In that same year, the corn harvest totaled 86.1 million bushels and cotton production was 990,000 bales.

22 Domesticated Animals

Cattle are raised throughout the state, but principally in middle and east Tennessee. In 1930, fewer than a million cattle and calves were raised on Tennessee farms. By 2005, there were an estimated 2.17 million cattle and calves, valued at $1.67 billion. During 2004, hogs and pigs numbered around 215,000 and were valued at $18.9 million. In 2003, Tennessee poultry farmers produced 948 million pounds (431 million kilograms) of broilers, worth $322.3 million, and 290 million eggs, valued at $31.9 million. Tennessee dairy farmers produced 1.2 billion pounds (0.5 billion kg) of milk from some 79,000 milk cows.

23 Fishing

Fishing is a major attraction for sport but plays a relatively small role in the economic life of Tennessee. There are 17 TVA lakes and 7 other lakes, all maintained by the Army Corps of Engineers, and there are thousands of miles of creeks and mountain streams, all of which attract anglers.

In 2004, the state issued 1,028,386 sport fishing licenses. In that same year, the state had 14 trout farms. There were also two national fish hatcheries in the state (Dale Hollow and Erwin), which stocked over 1.9 million fish.

24 Forestry

In 2004, forests covered 14,404,000 acres (5,827,000 hectares) of land, or more than 50% of the state’s total land area. Commercial timber-lands in that same year totaled 12,396,000 acres (5,017,000 hectares). In 2004, of the state’s forested areas, 86% was privately owned, 10% federally owned, 3% state-owned, and 1% municipally owned. The counties of the Cumberland Plateau and Highland Rim are the major sources of timber products, and in Lewis, Perry, Polk, Scott, Sequatchie, Unicoi, and Wayne counties, more than 75% of the total area is commercial forest.

About 96% of Tennessee’s timber is in hardwoods, and nearly one-half of that is in white and red oak. Of the softwoods, pine (shortleaf, loblolly, Virginia, pitch, and white), accounts for 80%. Red cedar accounts for about 5% of the softwood supply. Total lumber production in 2004 was 891 million board feet.

Wood products manufacturing is among the state’s largest basic industries and falls into three main categories: paper and similar products; lumber and similar products; and furniture. Manufacturing uses only about a third of the wood grown by forests in Tennessee each year. The remaining two-thirds continues to accumulate on aging trees, or is lost through decomposition of diseased and dead trees. The most common method of cutting timber in Tennessee has long been “high-grading,” that is, cutting only the most valuable trees and leaving those of inferior quality and value.

25 Mining

The 2003, the estimated value of nonfuel mineral production in Tennessee was $606 million. Nationally, Tennessee ranked 23rd in the total value of nonfuel minerals produced that year. Crushed stone was the leading nonfuel mineral produced in 2003, accounting for more than 50% of all nonfuel mineral output, by value, followed by cement (portland and masonry), construction sand and gravel, zinc, and ball clay.

According to the 2003 data, crushed stone output was put at 53.5 million metric tons ($321 million), while construction sand and gravel production was placed at 9.7 million metric tons ($54.8 million).

Tennessee in 2003 was the nation’s leading producer of ball clay and gemstones (by volume). The state also ranked third in the production of zinc and ninth in the output of industrial stone and gravel. Gemstone production in 2003 consisted mostly of cultured freshwater pearls and mother-of-pearl derived from freshwater mussel shells. Tennessee had the only freshwater pearl farm in the United States.

26 Energy and Power

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is the principal supplier of power in the state, providing electricity to more than 100 cities and 50 rural cooperatives. In 2003, Tennessee’s total net summer generating capability stood at 20.893 million kilowatts, with electrical output that same year at 92.221 billion kilowatt hours. Of that total, coal-fired plants accounted for 59.6% of all electricity produced, while nuclear plants accounted for 26.2%, and hydroelectric plants at 13%. The remaining output came from other renewable sources, natural gas and petroleum fired plants, and from pumped storage facilities. There were two nuclear power facilities in operation as of 2006, the Sequoyah plant near Chattanooga, and the Watts Bar facility between Chattanooga and Knoxville. Both plants are operated by the TVA.

The state’s recoverable coal reserves in 2004 totaled 26 million tons. In that same year, there were 32 producing coal mines in the state, of which 20 were surface operations, and 12 were underground. Coal production in 2004 totaled 2.887 million tons, of which surface mining accounted for 71% of output.

As of 2004, of the 31 crude oil producing states, Tennessee ranked 28th. Crude oil output that year averaged 1,000 barrels per day. Marketed natural gas production in 2003 (the latest year for which data was available) totaled 1.803 billion cubic feet (.051 billion cubic meters). Tennessee has one crude oil refinery, as of 2005, with a production capacity of 180,000 barrels per day.

27 Commerce

In 2002, Tennessee’s wholesale trade sector had sales of $97.7 billion, while the state’s retail trade sector that year had sales of $60.1 billion. In 2002, motor vehicle and motor vehicle dealers accounted for the largest share of retail sales at $16.2 billion, followed by general merchandise stores at $10.2 billion, and food and beverage stores at $7.4 million. In 2005, Tennessee’s foreign exports totaled $19.06 billion.

28 Public Finance

In 2004, total revenues were $23.92 billion, while total expenditures that year came to $22.16 billion. The largest general expenditures were for public welfare ($8.357 billion), education ($6.47 billion), and highways ($1.54 billion). The state’s outstanding debt totaled $3.58 billion, or $607.66 per capita (per person).

29 Taxation

Sales taxes in 2005, accounted for most of Tennessee’s tax revenues, of which the general rate was 7%, with local add-ons allowed up to 2.75%. Food purchased for consumption off premises (such as at home) is taxed but at a lower rate. Other state taxes include excise taxes on gasoline and cigarettes, a flat 6.5% corporate income tax, and as of 1 January 2006, a personal state income tax on dividend and interest income only. There is no state property tax; instead property taxes are collected on a local basis.

In 2005, Tennessee collected $10.007 billion in taxes, of which 61.1% came from the general sales tax, 15.3% from selective sales taxes, 1.6% from personal income taxes, and 8.1% from corporate income taxes, and 14% from other taxes. In 2005, Tennessee ranked 45th among the states in terms of combined state and local tax burden, which amounted to $1,678 per person.

30 Health

In October 2005, Tennessee’s infant mortality rate was estimated at 8.7 per 1,000 live births. In 2003, the crude death rate stood at 9.8 per 100,000. The major causes of death in 2002 included heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic lower respiratory disease, and diabetes. The death rate due to HIV-related infections stood at 6 per 100,000 population. In 2004, the reported AIDS case rate was around 13.1 per 100,000 residents. In that same year, 26.1% of all Tennessee residents, were smokers, the third highest in the United States (behind Kentucky and West Virginia).

Tennessee’s 123 community hospitals had about 20,300 beds in 2003. In 2005, there were 874 nurses per 100,000 people, while in 2004, there were 262 physicians per 100,000 population, and a total of 3,027 dentists in the state. The average expense for community hospital care was $1,187 per day. In 2004, approximately 14% of Tennessee’s residents were uninsured.

31 Housing

In 2004, there were an estimated 2,595,060 housing units in the state, of which 2,314,688 were occupied, and 70% were owner-occupied. About 68.4% of all units were single-family, detached homes. Electricity and utility gas were the most common energy sources for heating. It was estimated that 111,374 units lacked telephone service, 11,294 lacked complete plumbing facilities, and 10,036 lacked complete kitchen facilities. The average household size was 2.48 people.

In 2004, a total of 44,800 new privately owned housing units were authorized for construction. The median home value was $110,198. The median monthly cost for mortgage owners was $954, while renters paid a median of $564 per month.

32 Education

In 2004, of all Tennessee residents age 25 and older, 82.9% were high school graduates, while 24.3% had obtained a bachelor’s degree or higher.

Total enrollment was estimated at 925,000 in fall 2003 and is expected to reach 929,000 by fall 2014. Expenditures for public education in 2003/2004 were estimated at $6.7 billion. Enrollment in private schools in fall 2003 was 87,055.

As of fall 2002, there were 261,899 students enrolled in college or graduate school. In 2005, Tennessee had 95 degree-granting institutions. The University of Tennessee system has principal campuses at Knoxville, Memphis, Martin, and Chattanooga. Components of the State University and Community College System of Tennessee include Memphis State University (the largest), Tennessee Technological University, East Tennessee State University, Austin Peay State University, Tennessee State University at Nashville, and Middle Tennessee State University, along with 13 two-year community colleges located throughout the state. Well known private colleges are Vanderbilt University, the University of the South, and Rhodes College.

33 Arts

Each of Tennessee’s major cities has a symphony orchestra. The best known are the Memphis Symphony and the Nashville Symphony, the latter of which makes its home in the Tennessee Performing Arts Center, which includes three performing arts theaters and the State Museum. The major operatic troupes are Opera Memphis, Nashville Opera, and Knoxville Opera. Nashville is known as “Music City, USA.” The Grand Ole Opry, Country Music Hall of Fame, Ryman Auditorium, and numerous recording studios are located in the city.

Among the leading art galleries are the Dixon Gallery and the Brooks Museum of Art in Memphis, the Cheekwood Museum of Art in Nashville, the Knoxville Museum of Art, and the Hunter Museum of Art in Chattanooga.

The Tennessee Arts Commission (est.1967) offers grant opportunities for such programs as the Individual Artist Fellowship, Arts Build Communities, and Arts Education programs. As of 2005, Humanities Tennessee sponsored a number of annual programs including the Southern Festival of Books, the Tennessee Young Writers’ Workshop, the Tennessee Community Heritage Program, and Letters About Literature.

34 Libraries and Museums

As of June 2001, there were 285 libraries in Tennessee, of which 101 were branches. As of that same period, the state’s public libraries had 10.08 million volumes, and a total circulation of 21,227,000. The largest libraries are the Vanderbilt University Library at Nashville, Memphis-Shelby County Library, Memphis State University Libraries, University of Tennessee at Knoxville Library, Knoxville-Knox County Library, and the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Library.

Tennessee has more than 127 museums and historic sites. The Tennessee State Museum in Nashville displays exhibits on pioneer life, military traditions, evangelical religion, and presidential lore. The Museum of Appalachia, near Norris, attempts an authentic replica of early Appalachian life, with more than 20,000 pioneer relics on display in several log cabins. Displays of solar, nuclear, and other energy technologies are featured at the American Museum of Science and Energy, at Oak Ridge. There are floral collections at the Goldsmith Civic Garden Center in Memphis, and at the Tennessee Botanical Gardens and Fine Arts Center in Nashville.

35 Communications

As of 2004, a total of 92.8% of Tennessee’s occupied housing units had telephones, while as of June that year, there were 2,337,367 wireless telephone subscribers. In 2003, computers were in 54.9% of all Tennessee homes, while 45.6% had access to the Internet. In 2005, Tennessee had 30 major AM and 80 major FM radio stations, and 31 television stations in operation. In 1999, the Nashville area had 826,090 television households, 63% of which received cable. The Memphis area had 623,110 television homes, 64% of which ordered cable. About 81,858 Internet domain names were registered in the state by the year 2000.

36 Press

In 2005, there were 14 morning newspapers, 12 evening dailies, and 18 Sunday papers. Leading Tennessee newspapers, with their approximate daily circulations in 2005, were the Nashville Tennessean (170,361 daily, 238,126 Sundays), Memphis Commercial Appeal (179,468 daily, 235,889 Sundays), the Knoxville News-Sentinel (113,994 daily, 153,278 Sundays), and the Chattanooga Times Free Press (86,968 daily, 99,775 Sundays). Several dozen trade publications, such as Southern Lumberman, appear in Nashville, the state’s major publishing center, where there is also a thriving religious publishing industry.

37 Tourism, Travel & Recreation

The natural beauty of Tennessee, combined with the activity of the Department of Tourist Development, has made tourism a large industry in the state. In 2003, a total of 141,200 people were employed in the state’s tourism sector.

Leading tourist attractions include the American Museum of Science and Energy at Oak Ridge; the Beale Street Historic District in Memphis, home of W. C. Handy, the “father of the blues;” Graceland, the Memphis estate of singer Elvis Presley; and Opryland USA and the Grand Ole Opry at Nashville. The top attractions in 1998 included (with annual attendance records): Dollywood (2,200,000), Tennessee Aquarium (1,150,148), Bristol Motor Sports (1,050,000), Ober Gatlinburg (1,004,659), and Casey Jones Village (840,000).

There are three presidential homes—Andrew Johnson’s at Greeneville; Andrew Jackson’s Hermitage near Nashville; and James K. Polk’s at Columbia. Pinson Mounds, near Jackson, offers outstanding archaeological treasures and the remains of a Native American city. Reservoirs and lakes attract thousands of anglers and water sports enthusiasts.

There are 33 state parks, almost all of which have camping facilities. Extending into North Carolina, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park covers 241,207 acres (97,613 hectares) in Tennessee.

38 Sports

Tennessee has three professional major league sports teams, the National Football League’s Titans, who relocated to Nashville from Houston before the 1997 season, the National Hockey League’s Nashville Predators, who began playing in 1999, and the National basketball Association’s Memphis Grizzlies, which relocated from Vancouver, British Columbia in 2001. Minor league baseball teams play throughout the state including in Chattanooga, Memphis, Elizabethton, Johnson City, Jackson, Kingsport, Lynchburg, and Nashville.

Tennessee’s colleges and universities provide the major fall and winter sports. The University of Tennessee Volunteers and Vanderbilt University Commodores, in the Southeastern Conference, compete nationally in football, basketball, and baseball. Austin Peay and Tennessee Technological universities belong to the Ohio Valley Conference. The University of Tennessee has seven bowl games. The University of Tennessee’s women’s basketball team, the Lady Vols, won National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) titles six times. They have won more games than any other NCAA basketball team in the country.

Other annual sporting events include the Iroquois steeplechase in Nashville in May and two NASCAR races at the Bristol Motor Speedway, one in March and one in August.

39 Famous Tennesseans

Andrew Jackson (b.South Carolina, 1767–1845), the seventh president, moved to Tennessee as a young man. He won renown in the War of 1812 and became the first Democratic president in 1828. Jackson’s close friend and associate, James Knox Polk (b.North Carolina, 1795–1849), was elected the nation’s 11th president in 1844 and served one term. Andrew Johnson (b.North Carolina, 1808–1875), also a Democrat, remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War and was elected vice president with Abraham Lincoln in 1864. He became president upon Lincoln’s assassination in 1865 and served out his predecessor’s second term. Impeached because of a dispute over Reconstruction policies and presidential power, Johnson escaped conviction by one vote in 1868.

Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (b.Washington, DC, 1948) was a senator from Tennessee before being elected to the vice presidency in 1992. Supreme Court justices from Tennessee include James C. McReynolds (b.Kentucky, 1862–1946), and Edward T. Sanford (1865–1930). Tennesseans who became cabinet officials include Secretary of State Cordell Hull (1871–1955) and Secretary of War John Eaton (1790–1856). Other nationally prominent political figures from Tennessee are Cary Estes Kefauver (1903–1963), two-term US senator who ran unsuccessfully for vice president in 1956 on the Democratic ticket; Al Gore, Sr. (1907–1998), three-term member of the US Senate; and Howard Baker (b.1925), who in 1966 became the first popularly elected Republican senator in Tennessee history. Nancy Ward (1738–1822) was an outstanding Cherokee leader, and Sue Shelton White (1887–1943) played a major role in the campaign for women’s suffrage.

Tennessee history features several military leaders and combat heroes. John Sevier (b.Virginia, 1745–1815), the first governor of the state, defeated British troops at Kings Mountain during the Revolution. David “Davy” Crockett (1786–1836) was a frontiersman who fought the British with Jackson in the War of 1812, and later became a congressman. Nathan Bedford Forrest (1821–1877) and Sam Davis (1842–1863) were heroes of the Civil War.

Cordell Hull was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his work on behalf of the United Nations. In 1971, Earl W. Sutherland Jr. (b.Kansas 1915–1975), a biomedical scientist at Vanderbilt University, won a Nobel Prize for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of hormones. Stanley Cohen (b.New York, 1922) of Vanderbilt University won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1986.

Sequoya (1770–1843) created an alphabet for the Cherokee language and promoted literacy. Famous Tennessee writers include influential poet and critic John Crowe Ransom (1888–1974); author and critic James Agee (1909–1955), posthumously awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his novel A Death in the Family; poet Randall Jarrell (1914–1965), winner of two National Book Awards; and Wilma Dykeman (b.1920), novelist and historian. Sportswriter Grantland Rice (1880–1954) was born in Murfreesboro. Basketball Hall of Fame member Oscar Robertson (b.1938) and track and field legend Wilma Rudolph (1940–1994) were both born and raised in Tennessee.

Tennessee has long been a center of popular music. Musician and songwriter William C. Handy (1873–1958) wrote “St. Louis Blues” and “Memphis Blues,” among other classics. Bessie Smith (1898?–1937) was a leading blues singer. Elvis Presley (b.Mississippi, 1935–1977) fused rhythm-and-blues with country-and-western styles to become one of the most popular entertainers who ever lived. Other Tennessee-born singers are Tina Turner (b.1938), Aretha Franklin (b.1942), and Dolly Parton (b.1946). Actor Morgan Freeman (b.1937) was born in Memphis.

40 Bibliography

BOOKS

Barrett, Tracy. Tennessee. 2nd ed. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2006.

Bristow, M. J. State Songs of America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.

Fenney, Kathy. Tennessee Facts and Symbols. Rev. ed. Mankato, MN: Capstone Press, 2003.

Heinrichs, Ann. Tennessee. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point Books, 2003.

Kent, Deborah. Tennessee. New York: Children’s Press, 2001.

Lantier, Patricia. Tennessee. Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens, 2006.

Murray, Julie. Tennessee. Edina, MN: Abdo Publishing, 2006.

Weatherly, Myra. Tennessee. New York: Children’s Press, 2001.

WEB SITES

State of Tennessee. Tennessee.gov. www.state.tn.us (accessed March 1, 2007).

Tennessee Department of Tourist Development. Tennessee.gov.state.tn.us/tourdev (accessed March 1, 2007).

Tennessee Valley Authority. www.tva.com/ March 1, 2007).

Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the States, 5th ed.

Tennessee

views updated May 08 2018

TENNESSEE

TENNESSEE. Since its founding, Tennessee has traditionally been divided into three sections: East Tennessee, Middle Tennessee, and West Tennessee. East Tennessee includes part of the Appalachian Mountains, which stretch from Alabama and Georgia northward through East Tennessee to New England; the Great Valley, which is to the west of the Appalachians, slanting north-eastward from Georgia through Tennessee into Virginia; and the Cumberland Plateau, which is to the west of the Great Valley, slanting from northeastern Alabama through Tennessee into southeastern Kentucky. The people of East Tennessee are often called "Overhills," because Tennessee was once part of North Carolina and was west over the mountains from the rest of North Carolina. Both the Cumberland Plateau and the Great Valley are fertile and ideal for growing many different crops; the Great Valley is well watered. The Tennessee Appalachian Mountains are rugged, with numerous small valleys occupied by small farms. The people of East Tennessee were from their first settlement an independent-minded group who valued hard work and self-reliance.

Middle Tennessee extends from the Cumberland Plateau westward to the Highland Rim. The people who live on the Highland Rim are often called "Highlanders." The lowlands include the Nashville Basin, are well watered, and are noted for their agriculture, especially for cotton and tobacco. The Highland Rim features many natural wonders, including many caves and underground streams.

Situated between East Tennessee and West Tennessee, Middle Tennessee has sometimes seemed to be a divided culture. Before the Civil War, it had more slaves than East Tennessee, but fewer than West Tennessee, and it tended to favor the small farm tradition of the east rather than the plantation system of the west. It was divided on its support for outlawing slavery, but after Reconstruction its politics were controlled by a political spoils system run by Democrats who controlled Tennessee until the 1970s.

West Tennessee lies in the Gulf Coastal Plain, a region that stretches northward from the Gulf of Mexico to Illinois along the Mississippi River. It was in this region that many local Native Americans made their last efforts to retain their remaining lands by petitioning the federal government for help. Land speculators of the early 1800s created towns and plantations throughout the area, and they brought with them the slave culture of North Carolina. Historians differ on the exact numbers, but between 40 percent and 60 percent of the people who lived in West Tennessee were slaves during the antebellum period. The plantations were notoriously cruel.

Tennessee is nicknamed the "Big Bend State" because of the unusual course of the Tennessee River. It flows southwest from the Appalachian Mountains through the Great Valley into Alabama. There, it bends north-westward, reenters Tennessee at Pickwick Lake, and flows north along the western edge of the Highland Rim into Kentucky, eventually joining the Ohio River. During the 1930s, the United States government established the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), a project to provide jobs for people who had lost their jobs during the Great Depression and intended to control flooding and to provide hydroelectricity to Tennessee and its neighbors. It was controversial, with many criticizing it as a waste of money, and others insisting that it was destroying Tennessee's environment. The TVA built dams on the Tennessee River and the Cumberland River, creating new lakes and reservoirs, as well as a system of over 650 miles of waterways that boats used to ship products around the state.

Tennessee is bordered on the north by Kentucky; along its northeastern border is Virginia. Its eastern boundary is along the western border of North Carolina. Its southern border extends along the northern borders of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. Its western border is met by Arkansas in the south and Missouri in the north.

Prehistory

Tennessee has a complex ancient past; there is evidence throughout the state of numerous cultures that have come and passed in the regions now within its borders. Over 100,000 years ago, people crossed into North America from northeastern Asia. Traces of these earliest peoples are hard to find, partly because the glaciers of an ice age about 11,000 years ago would have destroyed their remains. Tennessee offers tantalizing hints as to what some of these migrants were like, because in some of Tennessee's caves are the remains of ancient cave dwellers. In West Tennessee there are caves that hold evidence of ancient fishermen. This evidence may represent several different

cultures, but each seems to have practiced a religion. Their cave dwellings contain spearheads as well as fishhooks, and they may have hunted the big game of the Great Plains such as mammoths, camels, and giant bison.

About 9000 b.c., nomadic peoples known as Paleo-Indians began crossing North America. They were primarily hunters; in the Great Plains they hunted the large land mammals that roved in herds across grasslands. In Tennessee they would have hunted the same animals until the great forests covered much of Tennessee around 7000 b.c. They likely hunted bison and deer in these forests. Their spear points suggest that several different cultural groups of Paleo-Indians crossed the Mississippi into and through Tennessee.

Around 5000 b.c., another group of people, who archaeologists call Archaic Indians, may have begun migrating into Tennessee. The first Archaic Indians of the Midwest made a significant technological advance over the Paleo-Indians by developing the atlatl, a handheld device with a groove in which to hold a spear. It enabled a person to throw a spear with far greater force and accuracy than by throwing a spear with a bare hand. Archaeological remains from about 2000 b.c. show signs of people settling throughout Tennessee. They began making pottery that increased in sophistication over the next few thousand years.

Homes were made of log posts with walls of clay. Communities enlarged and engaged in public works projects to clear land, plant crops, and build places of worship. Pottery was commonplace and was used for cooking, carrying, and storage.

These ancient peoples began a practice that has puzzled and fascinated archaeologists: they built mounds, sometimes seven stories high. Few of the mounds that survive have been explored by scientists, but those that have reveal people to have been buried in them, sometimes just one, sometimes many. They have been mummified and have carved animals and people, as well as food, placed around them, indicating a belief in an afterlife in which game and food would be wanted, at least symbolically. That the different cultures who built these mounds had priests is clear, and clear also is that they had a highly developed government that would have included many villages and towns.

By about a.d. 800, maize had become a crop, probably brought to Tennessee from central Mexico. By this time, the people in Tennessee were ancestors of modern Native Americans. They continued the mound-building tradition and were farmers. They lived in villages consisting of people related by blood, but they may have insisted that people marry outside their villages much as the Native Americans did when the first Europeans explored Tennessee. Their governments probably consisted of federations of villages, governed by a high chief.

When Hernando de Soto explored southern and western Tennessee in 1540, the peoples had undergone much turmoil for more than a century. The Mound Builders had been driven away, exterminated, or absorbed into invading tribes. Three language groups were represented in the area: Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Muskogean. Among the Iroquoian group were the Cherokees, who had probably migrated from the north into Tennessee. They had a settled society that claimed East and Middle Tennessee as their territory. The Iroquois Confederacy to the north claimed the Cherokees' territory, but the Cherokees resisted them. The Muskogean cultural tribes, Creeks and Chickasaws, claimed the rest of Tennessee, with the Creeks contesting the Cherokees for some of Middle Tennessee. The Chickasaws of western Tennessee were very well organized, with strong leadership and excellent military skills. The capital of the Cherokees was Echota (aka Chota), a city that was declared "bloodless," meaning no fighting was allowed. Weapons were not allowed either. It was a place created by the Native Americans to settle their disputes through diplomacy, and in the Cherokee and Creek tribes, in particular, skilled diplomats were awarded honors equal to those of skilled warriors.

Each village had a main house ("town house") where religious ceremonies took place. Villages consisted of clay houses, usually gathered around the main house. By the late 1600s, the Native Americans had horses, cattle, pigs, and chickens, imports from Europe. They farmed their lands and hunted wild game in their forests, but the Cherokees were fast developing livestock farming. Some of the Shawnees, of the Algonquian language group, had moved into the Cumberland Valley to escape the Iroquois Confederacy. The Cherokees and Creeks viewed them as interlopers, but the Shawnees had little choice; the Iroquois Confederacy sometimes settled its differences with its neighbors with genocide. In 1714, the Cherokee, Creek, and Iroquois Confederates drove the Shawnees out; the Shawnees sought sanctuary in the Ohio Valley. War with the Iroquois Confederacy often seemed imminent for the Cherokees, Creeks, and Chickasaws, but during the 1700s new threats came to preoccupy those Native Americans.

Land

By 1673, the French were trading to the north of Tennessee and had antagonized the Chickasaws to the point that the Chickasaws killed Frenchmen on sight. That year, a Virginian, Abraham Wood, commissioned explorer John Needham to visit the Cherokees west of the Appalachian Mountains in what is now Tennessee. John Needham visited the Cherokees twice, and he was murdered by them. His servant Gabriel Arthur faced being burned alive so bravely that his captors let him live.

In 1730, Alexander Cuming of North Carolina led an expedition across the Appalachians to make the acquaintance with the Cherokees of the Great Valley. He impressed the Native Americans with his boldness and eloquence, as well as his numerous weapons, and the chiefs agreed to affiliate themselves with England. Cuming took Cherokee representatives to England, where they were well treated. Among them was Attakullakulla (meaning "Little Carpenter"), who, upon returning home, became a great diplomat who several times prevented bloodshed.

In 1736, the French, having nearly wiped out the Natchez tribe, invaded West Tennessee with intention of eradicating the Chickasaws. The Chickasaws were fore-warned by English traders and decisively defeated the French invaders. The French built Fort Assumption where Memphis now stands, as part of their effort to control the Chickasaws. They failed. In another war in 1752, the Chickasaws again beat the French. These victories of the Chickasaws were important for all the Native Americans in Tennessee, because a 1738 epidemic had killed about 50 percent of the Cherokees, leaving them too weak to guarantee the safety of their neighbors. From that time on, Cherokee politics were chaotic, with different chiefs gaining ascendancy with very different views at various times, making Cherokee policies wildly swing from one view to another.

During the Revolutionary War (1775–1783), some Cherokees allied themselves with Shawnees, Creeks, and white outlaws, and tried to retake East Tennessee. They were defeated by American forces under the command of Colonel Evan Shelby, who drove them into West Tennessee. In 1794, the Native Americans of Tennessee united in a war against the United States and were utterly defeated; they became subject to American rule. These battles had been over possession of land, and in 1794, the land belonged to the United States. On 1 July 1796, Tennessee became the sixteenth state of the United States, taking its name from Tenasie, the name of a Cherokee village.

Civil War

In the 1850s, the matter of slavery was a source of much conflict in Tennessee. The settlers in the east wanted it outlawed. Slave owners ignored laws regulating slavery and turned West Tennessee into a vast land of plantations worked by African American slaves. Literacy was forbidden to the slaves, and they were not even allowed to worship God, although they often did in secret. Newspapers and politicians campaigned against slavery in Tennessee, but others defended slavery with passion.

On 9 February 1861, Tennessee held a plebiscite on the matter of secession, with the results favoring remaining in the Union 69,387 to 57,798. The governor of Tennessee, Isham G. Harris, refused to accept the results and committed Tennessee to the Confederacy. He organized another plebiscite on whether Tennessee should become an independent state, with independence winning 104,913 to 47,238. He declared that the result meant Tennessee should join the Confederacy. The Confederacy made its intentions clear by executing people accused of sympathizing with the Union. Over 135,000 Tennesseans joined the Confederate army; over 70,000 joined the Union army, with 20,000 free blacks and escaped slaves. The surprise attack at Shiloh on 6–7 April 1862 seemed to give the Confederacy the upper hand in Tennessee, but the Union troops outfought their attackers. After the Stone's River Battle (near Murfreesboro) from 31 December 1862–2 January 1863, the Union dominated Tennessee. Over 400 battles were fought in Tennessee during the Civil War. The lands of Middle and West Tennessee were scourged. Fields became massive grounds of corpses, farms were destroyed, trees were denuded, and Tennessean refugees clogged roads by the thousands.

On 24 July 1866, Tennessee, which had been the last state to join the Confederacy, became the first former Confederate state to rejoin the United States. Prior to readmission, on 25 February 1865, Tennessee passed an amendment to its constitution outlawing slavery. Schools were soon accepting African Americans as well as whites and Native Americans, but in December 1866, the Ku Klux Klan was founded at Pulaski, Tennessee. Directed by "Grand Cyclops" Nathan Bedford Forrest, it murdered African Americans and white people who were sympathetic to them, raped white female schoolteachers for teaching African Americans, burned schools, and terrified voters, in resistance to Reconstruction.

Segregated Society

By 1900, Tennessee had a population of 2,020,616. It was racially segregated. In a decades-long effort to deny education to African Americans, the state managed to create an illiteracy rate among whites and blacks that was the third worst in the nation. Under the direction of Governor Malcolm R. Patterson (1907–1911), in 1909, the state enacted a general education bill.

When the United States entered World War I (1914–1918), thousands of Tennesseans volunteered, and Tennessee contributed the greatest American hero of the war, Sergeant Alvin York from Fentress County in northern Middle Tennessee. In 1918, the soft-spoken farmer and his small squad captured 223 Germans in the Argonne Forest; the sight of a few Americans leading hundreds of captured Germans to American lines was said to have been astonishing.

By 1920, the state population was 2,337,885. On 18 August of that year Tennessee ratified the Twenty-First Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, which gave women the vote. In 1923, Governor Austin Peay reorganized state government, eliminating hundreds of patronage positions, while consolidating government enterprises into eight departments. In 1925, the infamous Scopes "Monkey Trial" was held in Dayton, Tennessee. A new state law said that evolution could not be taught in Tennessee schools, but John Scopes taught it anyway and was charged with violating the law. Two outsiders came to try the case, atheist Clarence Darrow for the defense and three-time presidential candidate William Jennings Bryant for the prosecution. The trial was broadcast to the rest of the country by radio, and when Scopes was convicted and fined, the impression left was that Tennessee was home to ignorance and bigotry enforced by law, an image it had not completely escaped even at the turn of the twenty-first century. A man who did much to counter the image was statesman Cordell Hull, from Overton County, west of Fentress, in northern Middle Tennessee. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate and was Franklin Roosevelt's secretary of state. He helped create the "Good Neighbor Policy" that helped unify the nations of the New World, and he was important to the development of the United Nations. He received the 1945 Nobel Peace Prize for his work.

Civil Rights

By 1950, Tennessee's population was 55 percent urban. The cities controlled most of the state's politics, and they were becoming more cosmopolitan. Getting a bit of a head start in desegregating schools, the University of Tennessee admitted four African Americans to its graduate school in 1952. On the other hand, Frank Clement was elected governor on the "race platform," insisting that there would be no racial integration in Tennessee. Many other politicians would "play the race card" during the 1950s and 1960s, and many of these politicians would change their minds as Clement would as the civil rights movement changed the way politics were conducted. Memphis State University began desegregating in 1955, after the United States Supreme Court ruling in 1954 that segregating the races was unconstitutional. In 1956, Clement called out the National Guard to enforce desegregation of schools in Clinton. Even so, schools elsewhere here bombed or forced to close by white supremacists.

By 1959, African Americans were staging well-organized nonviolent protests in Nashville in an effort to have stores and restaurants desegregate. Meanwhile, the U.S. government, under a 1957 civil rights law, sued Democratic Party local organizations for their exclusion of African Americans from voting and holding office. Slowly, desegregation took hold in Tennessee; it took until 1965 for Jackson to begin desegregating its restaurants. In 1968, in Memphis, sanitation workers went on strike and Martin Luther King Jr., the preeminent figure in the civil rights movement, came to the city to help with negotiations. On 4 April 1968, King was shot to death by James Earl Ray.

Modern Era

In the 1970s, Tennessee made a remarkable turnaround in its image. With the election of Winfield Dunn as governor in 1971, the state for the first time since Reconstruction had a Republican governor and two Republican senators. This notable shift in political fortunes marked the coming of the two-party system to Tennessee, which had a positive effect on the politics and society of the state. If Democrats were to hold on to power, they needed African Americans as new allies. In 1974, the state's first African American congressman, Harold Ford of Memphis, was elected. The Democrats remained dominant in the state, but the competition with Republicans was lively and encouraged the participation of even those who had been disenfranchised, poor whites as well as African Americans, as recently as 1965.

Among the most notable politicians of the 1980s and 1990s was Albert Gore Jr., son of a powerful United States Senator, and widely expected to be a powerful politician himself. In 1988 and 1992, he ran for the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party, and he served from 1993–2001 as vice president of the United States under his longtime friend President Bill Clinton. His cosmopolitan views and his work for environmental causes helped to change how outsiders viewed Tennesseans.

By 2000, Tennessee's population was just under 5,500,000, an increase from 1990's 4,896,641. Although the urban population was larger than the rural one, there were 89,000 farms in Tennessee. The TVA had doubled the amount of open water in Tennessee from 1930 to 1960, and the several artificial lakes and streams became prime attractions for recreation in the 1990s; the state also had some of the most beautiful woodlands in the world. Memphis became a regional center for the arts, as well as a prime retail center for northern Mississippi, in addition to Tennessee; Nashville developed the potential for its music industry to be a magnet for tourists, and by the 1990s many a young musician or composer yearned to live there.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alderson, William T., and Robert H. White. A Guide to the Study and Reading of Tennessee History. Nashville: Tennessee Historical Commission, 1959.

Corlew, Robert E. Revised by Stanley J. Folmsbee and Enoch Mitchell. Tennessee: A Short History. 2d edition Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1981.

Dykeman, Wilma. Tennessee: A Bicentennial History. New York: Norton, 1975.

Hull, Cordell, and Andrew H. T. Berding. The Memoirs of Cordell Hull. New York: Macmillan, 1948.

Kent, Deborah. Tennessee. New York: Grolier, 2001.

State of Tennessee home page. Available at http://www.state.tn.us.

Van West, Carroll. Tennessee History: The Land, the People, and the Culture. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1998. A wealth of information and opinion.

Vanderwood, Paul J. Night Riders of Reelfoot Lake. Memphis, Tenn.: Memphis State University Press, 1969.

Kirk H.Beetz

See alsoAppalachia ; Cherokee ; Creek ; Cumberland Gap ; Iroquois ; Shawnee .

Dictionary of American History Beetz, Kirk H.

Tennessee

views updated May 21 2018

Tennessee

Bean Station
Cragfront
Eaton's Station and Fort
Fort Loudoun Reconstruction
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Long Island of the Holston
Nashville
Rocky Mount
Sycamore Shoals and Fort Watauga Sites

The Tennessee Historical Commission has published a 404-page illustrated guide, Tennessee Historical Markers, that can be purchased by contacting the Commission by mail at 2941 Lebanon Road, Nashville, Tenn. 37243 (located in the historic Clover Bottom Mansion). Phone: (615) 532-1550. Another source of assistance for Tennessee history is the Tennessee Department of Tourist Development, 312 Eighth Avenue North, 25th floor, Nashville, Tenn. 37243. Phone: (617) 741-2159. This state agency publishes a travel guide obtainable free by calling (800) GO2-TENN.

Bean Station

Bean Station (lost site), Grainger County. William Bean started the first permanent white settlement in eastern Tennessee. He and Robert Bean arrived in 1776, according to the historical marker, but the National Survey gives 1769 as the date he built a rude cabin on Boone's Creek near its junction with the Watauga River (Colonials and Patriots, p. 228); the later date being generally accepted by scholars. At the junction of the Knoxville-Abingdon road and the road through Cumberland Gap, the station was used by westbound settlers and (after the Revolution) by eastbound stock drovers. Whiteside Tavern was established here in 1801. Boone's Lake has flooded the site, but its location is indicated by a highway marker on U.S. 11W, 8 miles east of Rutledge. A monument is on the lakeshore above the site. Bean Station incorporated as its own town in 1996.

Cragfront

Cragfront, Castalian Springs. Home to General James Winchester. After serving with distinction as a captain in the Maryland line of the Continental army, Winchester and his brother George moved to this site in 1785, building a log cabin. Active in Tennessee politics and a general of militia, Winchester would lead these troops to their disastrous defeat at the Raisin River during the War of 1812. The current house dates to 1802 and is well furnished in the frontier mode. Take Route 25 west from Carthage to Route 49 and then follow the signs. Open to the public 15 April to 1 November, Tuesday through Saturday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., and Sunday, 1 to 5 p.m. Phone: (615) 452-7070.

Cumberland Gap National Historical Park

Cumberland Gap National Historical Park. See under kentucky.

Eaton's Station and Fort

Eaton's Station and Fort, Sullivan County. A highway marker on U.S. 11W about 9 miles southwest of Blountville is at the site of the fortified frontier station that figured decisively in the action of 1776 (see under long island of the holston), a few miles to the west. Eaton's Station was one of the first post offices on the frontier. Here also was the first and only mint of the Southwest Territory.

Fort Loudoun Reconstruction

Fort Loudoun Reconstruction, Little Tennessee River, Monroe County. The colony of South Carolina built this isolated fort in 1756 to 1757, deep in Indian country, to challenge French expansion into the Mississippi Valley and to support the Cherokee alliance. But the Cherokee continued to be victimized by white settlers, and there were frequent clashes. The Cherokee laid siege to the fort during the winter of 1759 to 1760. With his food supply exhausted, the fort commander surrendered on 7 August 1760 with assurance that the garrison and its families could return safely to Charleston. About 15 miles from the fort, the Indians attacked the column on 10 August, killing twenty-five officers and men, and taking most of the rest prisoner. Some of these were later killed, the others ransomed. After occupying the fort briefly, the Cherokee burned it. (The massacre site is at the junction of Cane Creek and Tellico River. Four miles southwest is a highway marker on Tenn. 68, near Mount Vernon, about 8 miles south of Madisonville, Monroe County.)

The 5.6-acre site of Fort Loudoun has been archaeologically explored, and the fort of 1760 is is being reconstructed. In 1978 the Fort Loudoun Association, after having cared for the site since 1933, gave over maintenance responsibilities to the state, and it is now a piece of the Tennessee parks system. As the most southwesterly outpost of the thirteen British colonies, it has the distinction of having been the first English structure in the Tennessee Valley. It was diamond-shaped in plan, a palisaded earthwork inside a honey locust hedge, with barracks, officers' quarters, storehouses, magazine, guardhouse, and blacksmith shop. All of this is beautifully restored into a living-history museum. The visitors center is open daily 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., and the park is open 8 a.m. to sunset. The Fort Loudoun State Historical Area is at 338 Fort Loudoun Road, Vonore, Tenn. 37885. Phone: (423) 884-6217.

Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Headquarters of this 800-square-mile wilderness preserve are near the junction of U.S. 441 and Tenn. 73 about 40 miles southeast of Knoxville, near Gatlinburg. See the entry on this park under north carolina for additional details.

Long Island of the Holston

Long Island of the Holston, south fork of the Holston River, south edge of Kingsport, Sullivan County. About 4 miles long by half a mile wide, and strategically located just east of the junction of the north and south forks of the Holston, near the crossing of major Indian trails, Long Island figured prominently in the early struggles of the colonists with the Cherokee. Colonel William Byrd of Virginia built Fort Robinson at the river junction in 1761 and tried to establish a settlement, but soon withdrew it. Earlier discovery of Cumberland Gap in 1750 (see under kentucky) could not be exploited until the Seven Years' War and Pontiac's Uprising ended in 1763 and 1764. In 1769 William Bean was a pioneer settler in this region (see bean station and sycamore shoals and fort watauga sites), and in 1775 Daniel Boone's opening of the Wilderness Road from Long Island increased Cherokee apprehension. In July 1776 the Indians attacked the settlements in this area, but from Eaton's Fort (see eaton's station and fort) on high ground near Long Island, frontiersmen sallied forth to defeat the Cherokee in a hard-fought action on Long Island Flats. This was the most serious of several attacks that started the Cherokee War of 1776, which British agents had tried to head off. Congress aided South Carolina in getting a large-scale punitive expedition started. Three forces totaling more than six thousand militia overran the Cherokee, destroying their villages and driving them into Florida and west to the vicinity of modern Chattanooga. The Indians paid a heavy price for their attack. In the Treaties of De Witt's Corner, South Carolina, and the Long Island of the Holston (20 May and 20 July 1777), the Cherokee ceded all their lands east of the Blue Ridge and relinquished claims to the land occupied by settlers in east Tennessee.

Long Island increased in importance as a terminus and starting point for settlement of Kentucky as the Revolution progressed and as Indian resistance waned. Colonel James Robertson had led a party through Cumberland Gap in the fall of 1779 to establish the first permanent settlement in middle Tennessee, now Nashville. In late 1779 a flotilla left Long Island with the families of the settlers, Colonel John Donelson leading the boats on the long, arduous voyage down the Holston into the Tennessee, up the Ohio to the mouth of the Cumberland, then up that river to the new settlement. A boatyard was established opposite the west end of Long Island to support the island's new role as a base for water movement. The site is marked on U.S. 11W south of Kingsport.

Today the western third of Long Island is much as it was two centuries ago, under single ownership and virtually undeveloped. The eastern third is covered by housing and industrial development. The central third is largely undeveloped except for a railroad.

Nashville

Nashville, Cumberland River, Davidson County. A Frenchman from New Orleans had operated a trading post here as early as 1710, and his successor, Charles Charleville, died on the job in 1780 at the age of eighty-four. The place was called French Lick because of the salt and sulfur spring that attracted an abundance of game. Old maps show the Chickasaw-Choctaw trail from Natchez ending in this point of hills and bluffs about 200 miles up the Cumberland River from its junction with the Ohio. (The Natchez Trace is covered under mississippi.)

James Robertson, a founder of the Watauga settlements (see sycamore shoals and fort watauga sites), had heard about French Lick from traders and explorers. Remembered for the phrase "We are the Advanced Guard of Civilization; Our way is across the Continent," he was determined to push west from Watauga. In the spring of 1779 he reached French Lick with eight men, having come 300 miles through the wilderness. Robertson made the long trip to Illinois to get "cabin rights" from George Rogers Clark, returned to French Lick, retraced his steps through Cumberland Gap to Watauga, and led 260 men back to the site of his proposed settlement before the end of 1779.

Fort Nashborough was built on the arid bluff named for General Francis Nash, who had recently been mortally wounded in the Battle of Germantown, Pennsylvania, where he led the North Carolina brigade of Washington's army. (A brother, Abner Nash, was elected governor of North Carolina in the spring of 1780, and older histories say Nashborough was named for him. If Robertson had the ulterior motive of securing the special patronage of the governor for his isolated settlement, the hope was empty; North Carolina had too many problems at home to be able to send Robertson the men and military supplies he quickly needed.)

Families of the first settlers came by water from the Long Island of the Holston, led by Colonel John Donelson. After a voyage of extreme hardship that lasted four months, they arrived on 24 April 1780. A few days later the Cumberland Compact was signed (1 May) by 242 men, setting up a local government much like that of the Watauga settlement (see sycamore shoals and fort watauga sites).

Eight stations comprised the isolated Cumberland settlements, and the going was rough. The winter of 1779 to 1780 was the coldest recorded in America at that time. Some sixty men were killed by Indian raiders during the first year. Supplies ran low. The Battle of the Bluffs, 2 April 1781, followed an earlier Indian raid of 15 to 16 January that caused Robertson to consolidate all the settlers in Fort Nashborough. The Indians were finally driven off by war dogs of the fort. ("Let slip the dogs of war" had a literal meaning in ancient warfare. The Spaniards had found war dogs to be very effective in America, and so did the founders of Nashville.)

It was not until 1794 that Indian attacks on Nashville finally ceased, and this was due largely to two retaliatory campaigns led by Robertson. After its initial difficulties as "the Advanced Guard of Civilization," Robertson's settlement began to flourish. It had acquired its present name when incorporated as a town in 1784. In 1843 Nashville became the capital of Tennessee.

A replica of Fort Nashborough is on the bluff a few blocks south of the actual site. Much smaller than the original (which covered 2 acres), the interesting and authentic reconstruction of 1930 is on First Avenue North and Church Street.

The grave of James Robertson is in the old City Cemetery at Fourth Avenue South and Oak Street. He died at Chickasaw Bluffs in 1814 while serving as Indian agent to keep the Chickasaw tribe from joining the British in the War of 1812. In 1825 his remains were reinterred in Nashville.

The site of Freeland's Station is marked at 1400 Eighth Avenue North. Here on 11 January 1781 in one of the principal stations of the Cumberland settlements Felix Robertson was born, four days before his father returned from a trip to the Kentucky settlements for much-needed ammunition and salt. Colonel Robertson reached Freeland's just in time to help fight off an Indian attack (mentioned above). Felix was one of Charlotte Robertson's eleven children, and the first white child born in Nashville.

The French trading post of 1710 was located where Fifth Avenue North and Jefferson Street now intersect, and Great French Lick was about 300 yards southwest.

Rocky Mount

Rocky Mount, 200 Hyder Hill Road, Piney Flatts, Sullivan County. This two-story log house was built about 1770 by the pioneer William Cobb two years before the Watauga settlement was established at Sycamore Shoals (see next entry). It was ten years old when it sheltered frontiersmen moving east to the latter place for their rendezvous before the Battle of Kings Mountain, and twenty years old when it became the first seat of government of the Southwest Territory. Andrew Jackson lived here for six weeks while waiting for his license to practice law. The historic house was later a stop on the stagecoach road from Baltimore to Memphis, and a United States post office from 1838 to 1847.

The simple old pioneer house was acquired by the state in 1959 and has been restored to its original appearance. An outdoor kitchen has been rebuilt. The frontier history of east Tennessee is depicted in a living-history museum as actors portray members of the Cobb family and present life as it was in 1791. Farm animals roam the property and seasonal crops grow abundantly. Phone: (423) 538-7396.

On U.S. 11E, 5 miles south of Bluff City and northeast of Johnson City, is a highway marker a few hundred yards from the site.

Sycamore Shoals and Fort Watauga Sites

Sycamore Shoals and Fort Watauga Sites, just west of Elizabethton (Tenn. 91), Carter County. Sycamore Shoals was the capital of the Watauga settlements along the Watauga, Nolichucky, and Holston Rivers. The first permanent white settlement of the area dates from 1769, when William Bean arrived from Virginia and built a primitive cabin at a site now at the bottom of Boone's Lake. He was followed by a few others from Virginia who formed a tiny community. In 1772 a group of sixteen families from North Carolina established the Watauga settlement under the leadership of James Robertson, with John Sevier as his second in command. They immediately agreed to a lease of the land from the Cherokee and then established local government, the Watauga Association, signed by 113 settlers to indicate their unanimous agreement to abide by its provisions.

It was, of course, completely illegal, violating (among other things) the Proclamation of 1763 prohibiting settlement west of the headwaters of the rivers running into the Atlantic, and Lord Dunmore, governor of Virginia, condemned it as "a dangerous example." The Transylvania Purchase of March 1775, by which the Watauga Association purchased the right to more than 20 million acres from the Cherokee for £10,000 in cash and trade goods, was even more illegal. This deal was consummated in a meeting at Sycamore Shoals, where 1,200 Cherokee met with settlers under the leadership of Richard Henderson, John Williams, and Thomas and Nathanael Hart. Daniel Boone moved out quickly as agent of the Transylvania Company to establish their first settlement in Kentucky at Boonesborough.

At the time of the Revolution there were very few white settlers in the Over Mountain, Back Water, or Black Water region, as it was commonly called, but they came across the Blue Ridge on several occasions to reinforce militia of the Carolina backcountry when the Loyalist threat became critical. Colonels Isaac Shelby and John Sevier were their most famous military leaders. The historic rally at Sycamore Shoals in September 1780 for the march to Kings Mountain, South Carolina, is covered under the latter heading.

Meanwhile, the settlement had withstood the Cherokee attack of July 1776, some two hundred pioneer men, women, and children holding Fort Watauga for two weeks against three hundred Indians. In so doing they not only saved the backcountry of the southern colonies from serious Indian raids but they also preserved the base from which effective punitive expeditions were launched (see long island of the holston).

The Over Mountain Men were understandably reluctant to undertake sustained military operations that would keep them too long from their own settlements, where they perceived a continuing Indian threat.

Shelby and Sevier checked into Nathanael Greene's headquarters after the Battle of Eutaw Springs but faded away when asked to help out in subsequent operations by reinforcing Francis Marion. Their great victory was at Kings Mountain, which is remembered as a triumph of the Over Mountain Men despite the fact that they constituted only a quarter of the total Patriot militia mustered for that campaign, and not much more than half of the force engaged in the battle.

Sycamore Shoals and the lost site of Fort Watauga qualify as Registered National Historic Landmarks. The traditional site of Fort Watauga is about half a mile southwest of the lower end of Sycamore Shoals on a low ridge beside Tenn. Route 67. A residential development covers the area, but a marker has been erected. The Sycamore Shoals State Historic Area is a 60-acre state park that includes a reconstructed Fort Watauga and a museum. Visitors are encouraged to take part in a variety of colonial crafts. Picnicking and hiking are among the other activities available, and Tennessee's official outdoor drama, "The Wataugans," is performed in the park. This show has been running since 1978. Phone: (423) 543-5808.

Landmarks of the American Revolution: Library of Military History

Tennessee

views updated May 18 2018

TENNESSEE

Admitted to the Union as the sixteenth state on June 1, 1796, Tennessee is located in the eastern south central United States. It shares borders with Arkansas and Missouri in the west, Kentucky and Virginia in the north, North Carolina in the east, and Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia in the south. Geographically, Tennessee is the country's thirty-fourth largest state, spreading across 42,000 square miles. Its population of approximately 5 million people ranks seventeenth among the 50 states. Memphis is the state's most populous city, and Nashville is its capital.

The eastern and western valleys of the Tennessee River separate the state into three regions: east Tennessee, middle Tennessee, and west Tennessee. Forming just east of Knoxville, the river loops 350 miles south into Alabama, and then streams north to join the Ohio River at Paducah, Kentucky. The Appalachian Mountains and its Blue Ridge range dominate the landscape of east Tennessee. Middle Tennessee is a broad and fertile area that covers about half the state, rolling gradually toward the rich bottomlands and hardwood forest of west Tennessee.

The most industrialized part of the state is east Tennessee, where motor vehicles, boats, and aircraft parts are manufactured by businesses that derive power from hydroelectric dams created by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The federal government's atomic energy research and development center is also located in east Tennessee at Oak Ridge. Middle Tennessee largely consists of farmland for the harvesting of tobacco, corn, and hay; the raising of cattle; and the production of dairy goods. Mining is also a major source of income for residents of both east and middle Tennessee. West Tennessee is home to some of the biggest cotton farms in the South.

Tennessee's early history was intertwined with that of the Cherokee peoples. In fact, the name "Tennessee" derives from the word Tanasi, a name the Cherokee gave to a village on the Little Tennessee River. In the eighteenth century the Cherokee allied themselves with Great Britain, fighting alongside British forces against the 13 colonies during the American Revolution (1775–1783). When America won its independence, most Cherokee settled in the area of what became modern-day Chattanooga. The Cherokee prospered in this area, owning plantations and developing an 85-character table of syllables that was used to print a weekly newspaper. But seven years after the 1828 gold rush in Tennessee, the Cherokee were coerced into signing a treaty under which they surrendered all legal claims to land in the region. In 1838 federal troops forcibly uprooted the Cherokee from their Tennessee homelands and drove them into the Arkansas Territory. Thousands of Cherokee were killed during the relocation, and thousands more suffered great hardship in what has been called the Trail of Tears.

The demise of the Cherokee in Tennessee coincided with the rise of Andrew Jackson (1829–1837) to the U.S. presidency. A former Democratic Congressman and Superior Court judge from Tennessee, Jackson served two full terms. In 1844 another former Democratic Congressman from Tennessee, James K. Polk (1845–1849), was elected president. Although Polk served only one term in office, his administration was responsible for increasing the amount of territory held by the United States by about 50 percent—acquiring the Oregon Territory from Britain and annexing Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and parts of Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming from Mexico.

A third former Tennessee Congressman, Andrew Johnson served as vice president in 1864. A year later he assumed the duties of chief executive following President Abraham Lincoln's (1861–1865) assassination. Johnson's first two years in office were consumed by the aftermath of the American Civil War (1861–1865). The war had left the South in ruins. Tennessee, which was the site of more Civil War battles than any other state except Virginia, was particularly devastated, and recovery was slow. Nonetheless, Tennessee was the first state to return to the Union when the war ended, and several northern investors fed capital into the state's industries and cities.

The Civil War ended slavery in the South, but it did not resolve race problems in Tennessee. Turmoil between African Americans and whites in the state continued well into the next century. In the 1860s six former Confederate Army officers from Pulaski, Tennessee, founded a terroristic white-supremacist organization called the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). In the 1870s the state adopted a constitutional provision requiring public schools to be segregated by race. Over the next 50 years the Tennessee legislature enacted a series of so-called Jim Crow laws that segregated the races in other sectors of society. Although the system of state-sponsored racial segregation would be dismantled by the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v.the Board of Education and in the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, white vigilantes continued terrorizing blacks in the South. The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929–1968) was slain by one such gunman on April 4, 1968, while doing civil rights work in Memphis.

Although much of the history of the state is tragic, Tennessee had become a popular tourist attraction by the late twentieth century. Forty million tourists spent approximately $8 billion each year while visiting the state in the 1990s. Native American exhibits, Civil War battlefields, and a national civil rights museum are among the sites frequented by visitors to the state. Smokey Mountain National Park, the Graceland mansion of Elvis Presley, TVA recreational areas, and bluegrass music festivals are also popular. The Grand Ole Opry nationally broadcasts country-and-western music from Nashville.

Tennessee's unofficial nickname is the Volunteer State, which recognizes the many residents who have served in America's armed forces during times of war and international conflict. Tennessee has also been called the Monkey State, a reference to a 1925 trial. A high school biology teacher from Dayton was convicted and fined $100 for teaching Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in violation of a state law mandating that schools teach the Bible 's story of creation. The case attracted nationwide attention, featuring three-time presidential candidate and fundamentalist preacher William Jennings Bryan (1860–1925) as prosecutor against celebrated defense attorney and avowed atheist Clarence Darrow (1857–1938). During the 1990s Tennessee became widely known as the home of Vice President Albert Gore (1993–), whose family owns a farm in Carthage.