South Carolina

South Carolina's experience of the Revolution was particularly bitter and complex. In 1976 the South Carolina Department of Archives and History published a list of 180 military engagements that took place over a seven-year period (November 1775 to November 1782) in the state, though the majority of these were minor skirmishes. Of that number, the exact location of nine engagements cannot be determined, and sixteen engagements occurred without any overt hostilities.

So many military actions took place in South Carolina not only because it was a principal theater of British operations in 1780 but also because it was the scene of exceptionally virulent civil war between Whigs and Loyalists, as well as the country of the guerrilla leaders Andrew Pickens, Thomas ("Gamecock") Sumter, and Francis ("Swamp Fox") Marion. This "irregular warfare" and its colorful leaders generated an inordinate number of historic sites. In addition, South Carolina was the scene of some of the Revolution's biggest battles.

The interest in the American Revolution in South Carolina is exceeded only by the obsession with the Civil War, though it can take a number of peculiar local forms, such as commemorating "the 225th Anniversary of the American Revolution" in 2005 rather than 2000. A great number of significant books explore many aspects of the Revolution in South Carolina. Especially helpful guides are John W. Gorden's South Carolina and the American Revolution: A Battlefield History (University of South Carolina Press, 2003) and Daniel W. Barefoot's Touring South Carolina's Revolutionary War Sites (Blair Publishing, 1999).

South Carolina unfortunately has no published guide to highway historical markers, although the state-sponsored Historical Marker Program offers some information on individual markers. Another good source of the state's Revolutionary War history is through the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism. Its official website is www.discoversouthcarolina.com. Phone: (803) 734-1700. The state's Department of Archives and History is also helpful. It is located at 8301 Parklane Road, Columbia, S.C. 29223. Phone: (803) 896-6100.

Beaufort

Beaufort and vicinity. Seeport royal island.

Beckhamville

Beckhamville (Beckham's Old Field), northwest corner of Great Falls, Chester County. The "Battle of Beckhamville" may have historical significance as the first Patriot victory after the fall of Charleston in May 1780. It was a surprise attack by Captain John McClure and thirty-two other Patriots on a much larger force of Loyalists assembled to support British efforts to administer oaths of loyalty at Beckham's Old Field. Without the loss of a man and with a minimum of shooting, the Patriots routed the entire force of about two hundred Loyalists.

On the edge of an open field northeast of the junction of S.C. 97 and 99 is the granite marker to the event. The date is erroneously given as "May 1780." The exact day of the action probably will never be determined, though it is known that it came after Buford's Defeat (29 May) and is variously given as falling between 2 and 6 June. A similar action took place at Mobley's Meeting House.

Beech Island

Beech Island, Savannah River just south of Augusta, Georgia. When the Patriots undertook their final siege of Augusta, Georgia, Colonel Elijah Clark sent the horses to Beech Island with a six-man guard. Learning of this, Colonel Thomas Brown ordered out a body of regulars, militia, and Indians that killed the guards, took the horses, and headed back to Augusta. Over Mountain Men under Colonel Isaac Shelby and Georgia militia under Major Patrick Carr routed Brown's force as it returned, the action taking place probably on the Georgia side of the river. The date was about a week before the Patriot victory at Fort Galphin, approximately 15 May 1781. The present town of Beech Island, Aiken County, South Carolina, is just east of the old horseshoe bend of the Savannah in which Beech Island lay. The explanation available as to the derivation of Beech Island's name, since it is not an island, comes from the Beech Island Historical Society. It informs that the area's plentiful beech trees provided the impetus. The Society is a good source of local information and is located at 144 Old Jackson Highway, Beech Island, S.C. 29842. Phone: (803) 827-0184. (The topographic feature now called Beech Island is listed in Georgia.)

Bee's Plantation

Bee's Plantation, Edisto River just below Jacksonboro, Colleton and Charleston counties. In a skirmish here on 23 March 1780 Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton killed ten Patriot militia, captured four, and picked up a few desperately needed horses for his troopers. The plantation of 1,500 acres, no vestiges of which have survived, was owned by Lieutenant Governor Thomas Bee. Some authorities give the site of this skirmish the name "Pon Pon," which is what the Indians called the Edisto River.

Belleville Plantation (Midway Plantation)

Belleville Plantation (Midway Plantation) and associated sites, Santee River, just east of U.S. 601 bridge in Calhoun County. Colonel William Thomson's Belleville Plantation here was occupied by the British in 1780 and became a fortified post and supply depot. General Thomas Sumter surprised the defenders in February 1781 but had to withdraw when British troops approached from Camden (see fort watson). Belleville changed hands several times but presumably was permanently liberated by the Patriots when they took nearby Fort Motte in May 1781.

It is a National Historic Site but apparently not highly treasured by state authorities. The notice in Colonials and Patriots (1964) says: "Among the historic remains at and near the plantation are earthwork fortifications overlooking the Santee; the Thomson Cemetery, said to contain the remains of troops who died in the area; a camp and hospital site; McCord's Ferry, a strategic crossing of the Camden Road over the river; and Gillon's Retreat, plantation of Alexander Gillon, a commodore of the South Carolina Navy during the War for Independence."

The spot on Thomson's Plantation where Sumter's action of 22 February 1781 took place is on the east side of S.C. 151 just north of its junction with S.C. 80.

Biggin Bridge and Church

Biggin Bridge and Church, Cooper River, opposite Moncks Corner. The church whose brick ruins and ancient cemetery stand today alongside S.C. 44 less than a mile south of U.S. 17A and 52 was founded in 1706. The first structure was built in 1712 and replaced in 1756; its vestrymen later included William Moultrie and Henry Laurens (see mepkin plantation). The church was burned in a forest fire during the first year of the Revolution, rebuilt, and its interior burned by the British in the summer of 1781 after they had made it into a military stronghold (see quinby bridge and quinby plantation). A little more than a year earlier the Patriots under General Isaac Huger had been deployed around Biggin Bridge and were defeated in the action remembered by the name of Moncks Corner. The reconstructed church was again destroyed by a forest fire in 1886, but its ruined brick walls survive as a monument to this embattled site in a neighborhood of Revolutionary War skirmishes.

Black Mingo Creek

Black Mingo Creek, Georgetown-Williamsburg counties, about 20 miles north-northwest of Georgetown near Rhems (junction of S.C. 41 and 51). One of Marion's hottest fights took place in this area, which has a number of other important historical associations. Beautiful Black Mingo winds through coastal swamps to join Black River, and Willtown was settled on its bank near modern Rhems in 1750. Although the town has disappeared, in 1800 it was the largest in the region. The British set up an outpost of about fifty men under Loyalist Colonel John Coming Ball at Shepherd's Ferry, about where S.C. 41-51 now crosses the Black Mingo and somewhat less than a mile downstream from Willtown. In September 1780 Marion attempted to surprise Ball in a night attack.

Loyalist sentinels heard the Patriot horsemen crossing the bridge at Willtown around midnight, and Ball formed his men quietly in the open. The Patriots suffered heavy casualties when their center column was hit by surprise fire at short range, but they rallied to rout the Loyalists in a brisk skirmish that lasted only fifteen minutes. Only fifty men were engaged on each side, but Marion had ten men killed or wounded and the Loyalist losses were almost twice as heavy. One prize was Colonel Ball's fine mount, which Marion renamed Ball and rode for the rest of the war.

Sparsely inhabited today but sprinkled with signs of real-estate developers, this region was the home of many of Marion's partisans, and they were at their best in this skirmish known by the name of Black Mingo Creek. Willtown prospered for several decades after the Revolution, and Aaron Burr stayed in its tavern when traveling to visit his beloved daughter Theodosia near Georgetown.

The town site can be found in a region of cut-over pine by following an unimproved road about a mile from the historical marker ("Skirmish at Black Mingo Creek") on S.C. 41-51, 1.6 miles northeast of Rhems. A shorter route is over this same unimproved road from its intersection with County Road 24 about 1.6 miles north of Rhems. Either way you will come to Black Mingo Baptist Church. A woods road just north of the large frame church and its chain-link-fenced cemetery leads eastward a short distance to several old graves on the edge of a large pond. These are said to be "British" graves.

About half a mile north of the church is the overgrown site of Willtown. Black Mingo Creek will be seen here, but unless the weather has been dry this is no place to try to drive an ordinary passenger car. The picturesque creek can also be viewed from the highway bridge of S.C. 41-51 and from several spots to the east in this vicinity. One such place is Tara Hall, a boys' home on the creek 0.7 miles from the highway, the entrance being marked by a sign about 0.7 miles north of Rhems.

Another way to explore Black Mingo Creek is through the services of a local outfitter, one of which is Blackwater Adventures, which provides guided canoe and kayak trips up and down the creek. Phone: (843) 761-1850.

Blackstock Battlefield

Blackstock Battlefield, Tyger River, western edge of Union County. A small granite marker on a prominent hill is the monument to one of General Thomas Sumter's most important battles, a National Historic Site.

Reinforced by Georgia troops under Elijah Clark and John Twiggs, Sumter was threatening Loyalist posts just north of Ninety Six. Cornwallis ordered Tarleton to break off his operations against Marion along the lower Pee Dee and disperse this Rebel partisan force under Sumter. Warned by a British deserter, Sumter started a hasty retreat north to avoid being caught between Tarleton and the strong Loyalist force at Ninety Six. Tarleton pursued with his entire force until he realized that Sumter was gaining, so Tarleton pushed ahead with his mounted troops and ordered his infantry and artillery to follow. The Patriots had reached the Tyger River as the light was failing on 20 November 1780, and the Carolina Gamecock decided to take advantage of a good defensive position around Blackstock Plantation to make a stand.

The Patriot force of about 1,000 was deployed when Tarleton made contact with his advance element of 190 dragoons of his legion and 80 mounted infantry of the Sixty-third Regiment. Sumter had learned that the rest of the enemy force was still to the rear, so he undertook an attack to destroy Tarleton's advance piecemeal. With a numerical superiority of almost four to one, Sumter had reason to expect success from the bold but completely orthodox tactical decision. The plan was for the Patriot center to hold its defensive positions on high ground around five log houses and along a rail fence. Clark was to lead 100 Georgians in an encirclement of the British right flank and block the advance of Tarleton's reinforcements. Sumter himself led the main effort, an attack by 400 Patriot militia against the 80 regulars of the Sixty-third Regiment, who had dismounted to take up a position on Tarleton's right overlooking a creek.

The 400 were routed by the 80 British soldiers and driven back through the plantation houses of the American center. Sumter ordered a detachment of mounted infantry under Colonel Lacey to attack the dragoons on the British left. Lacey got close enough to deliver a surprise fire that inflicted 20 casualties among Tarleton's troopers (who had been distracted by the remarkable performance of the British infantry), but he was then driven back. Sumter was returning to the center of his line when he was badly wounded and forced to relinquish command to Twiggs. Colonel Wade Hampton's South Carolina riflemen and the Georgia sharpshooters stood fast, stopping the 80 British regulars and forming a strong point around which the rest of Sumter's troops rallied. Tarleton had to lead a desperate charge of cavalry into the center to break contact and withdraw his infantry.

The statistics tell a curious story. Of 1,000 engaged, the Patriots lost 3 killed and 5 wounded, whereas Tarleton lost about 50 killed and wounded out of 270 engaged.

A dirt road named Monument Road that goes on to follow the track of the original Blackstock Road leads for about 1.5 miles to the hill where the battlefield marker is located. Vandals repeatedly removed the bronze plaques originally set there by the local DAR, so now an unadorned engraved concrete monument commemorates the spot. The Palmetto Conservation Foundation has recently acquired and given to the state 110 acres of the Blackstock Battlefield area. The state is in the process (2005) of developing this into a historic site, complete with hiking trails and interpretive panels outlining the history of the area.

The village of Blackstock, about 40 miles east of the battlefield and near the southern boundary of Chester County, was settled after the Revolution.

Blue Savannah

Blue Savannah, Little Pee Dee River, near U.S. 501 south of Ariel Cross Roads in Marion County, or south of Galivants Ferry Bridge. Francis Marion moved 60 miles east to Port's Ferry after his triumph at Nelson's Ferry. Having escaped pursuit from that direction, he learned that Major Micajah Ganey was moving down the Little Pee Dee with a large Loyalist force. Marion advanced with his small band, only fifty-two mounted partisans, to cope with this new threat. In a clash between advance guards, Major John James routed forty-five men under Ganey's personal command. When Marion saw the remaining two hundred Loyalists forming he withdrew to Blue Savannah, he circled back to set up an ambuscade, and surprised his pursuers with a sudden attack. The Loyalists under Captain Jesse Barfield delivered one volley (three Patriots wounded) before scattering. Important as this action of 4 September 1780 is—it broke Loyalist morale east of the Pee Dee and doubled Marion's strength by bringing him sixty volunteers—the location has never been fixed. That it took place on a swampy island just south of Galivants Ferry appears to be certain, but the authoritative WPA Guide of 1941 refers to the site as being unmarked, as being east of the river, and as taking place on 16 August. One of Marion's more recent biographers, Robert D. Bass, places the action just west of the river and south of Ariel (intersection of U.S. 501 and S.C. 41). State historical authorities favor the latter location.

Brierly's Ferry (or Ford)

Brierly's Ferry (or Ford), Broad River. This critical point on the British line of communications between Ninety Six and Camden, frequently mentioned in accounts of operations in 1780 to 1781, is about where S.C. 213 crosses the Broad between Parr Shoals Dam and Peak. The exact site has not yet been fixed. Here Tarleton on 18 November 1780 drew fire from 150 mounted militia as he tracked Sumter to Blackstock. About this time the Seventy-first Highlanders under Major McArthur from Cheraw and eighty survivors of Major Wemyss's engagement at Fish Dam Ford established a post on orders from Cornwallis, who was worried about the security of Ninety Six. From Brierly's Ferry, McArthur and his Highlanders marched with Tarleton in pursuit of Dan Morgan to Cowpens.

Buford's Defeat (Waxhaws)

Buford's Defeat (Waxhaws), 9 miles east of Lancaster, 0.15 miles south on S.C. 522 from S.C. 9, Lancaster County. Known also as the Battle of the Waxhaws and Buford's Massacre, 29 May 1780, this Patriot defeat ended organized military resistance in South Carolina for many long months. When Charleston surrendered on 12 May 1780 the only American military force left in the field was the Third Virginia Continental Regiment commanded by Colonel Abraham Buford. They had been joined by a few cavalry troops who had survived the skirmishes at Moncks Corner and Leneud's Ferry. Buford was ordered to retreat to Hillsborough, North Carolina, and he had a ten-day lead when Cornwallis started up the Santee in pursuit. Seeing that Buford would get away, and being particularly anxious to capture the rebel governor, John Rutledge, who was being escorted by Buford, Cornwallis ordered Colonel Banastre Tarleton to take over the pursuit.

The stocky little redhead had already impressed his British superiors with his exceptional abilities as a commander of mobile troops. Since the end of 1778 he had commanded the British Legion, Loyalists who qualified before the end of the Revolution for official acceptance as regulars. For this mission the 130 cavalry and 100 infantry of Tarleton's legion were reinforced by forty British dragoons, and on 27 May they left Nelson's Ferry. In the next fifty-four hours Tarleton covered 105 miles to pick up the tail of the Patriot column. Governor Rutledge had left Buford's column at Rugeley's Mill, and the 350 Virginia Continentals were double-timing to escape when Tarleton sent Buford a "flag" demanding surrender.

It was early afternoon, and for several days the weather had been oppressively hot. Many of Tarleton's horses had died of exhaustion and the British column was badly strung out. But the British advance guard badly chopped up Buford's rear guard after the Continental commander defied the surrender summons, and at around 3 p.m. the Americans turned to fight.

When it was all over a very short time later, the American casualties were 113 killed and 203 captured. Of the 200 British and Loyalists on hand, Tarleton reported 19 killed or wounded. Patriot propagandists cried "massacre" because Tarleton's troops killed several Patriots who had surrendered (inspiring the phrase "Tarleton's quarter"—that is, no quarter), but the brilliance of Tarleton's accomplishment and the tactical errors of Buford's command remain apparent.

Most of the battlefield remains in open land just south of a main highway and intersected by a secondary road. In a grove of hardwood trees on a low knoll alongside the latter road (S.C. 522) is the common grave of Buford's dead, encircled by a 2-foot wall of white rocks. A weathered obelisk about 7 feet tall serves as the common headstone, and its almost illegible inscription is copied on a newer monument of 1955. With the long view of a blue ridge line to the west and good observation south and east, it is easy to visualize the battle from a sketch map. Unfortunately, contemporary Patriots of the region have not seen fit to develop the site by providing interpretive exhibits on the well-preserved battlefield. However, the Andrew Jackson State Park sponsored a complete weekend of festivities on the battlegrounds in 2005 to commemorate the 225th anniversary of the battle.

Authorities have long confused this site with that of the Waxhaw Presbyterian Church, probably because the church is where the wounded from the battle were brought for care.

Camden

Camden and vicinity, Kershaw County. On U.S. 1 and just off I-20, modern Camden retains its antique charm and historic interest. Fortunately, the site of the original settlement has been preserved because newer construction after the Revolution was to the north. Hobkirk Hill, a major battlefield, is completely taken over by a residential area, and the Logtown of the Revolution is the business district, but the 1780 to 1781 town site is being explored, and a main portion of it restored. About 5 miles north of Camden in country that has changed little since the Revolution is the battlefield where Lord Cornwallis inflicted a decisive and demoralizing defeat on a large American army under General Horatio Gates.

To outline quickly the history of this region, it was one of several picked by colonial authorities for settlement in the early 1730s. Until then only the coastal areas had been developed, and King George II ordered the creation of nine townships on major rivers well back in the interior. Camden quickly evolved from Fredericksburg Township, whereas most of the others died out, and it claims to be the oldest inland town of South Carolina.

Because Camden was a natural communications hub at the head of navigation on the Wateree River and near the intersection of important Indian trails, it prospered and became a strategic location during the Revolution.

When Lord Cornwallis assumed command of all British forces in the South after the capture of Charleston in May 1780, he ignored his instructions to pursue a passive defense of the conquered territory. Instead, he sent young Lord Rawdon to establish a forward base at Camden with strong outposts at Cheraw, Hanging Rock, and Rocky Mount. Congress selected General Horatio Gates, the victor of Saratoga, as the man to liberate the Carolinas, and on the moonless night of 15 to 16 August, two armies were advancing, each intending to attack the other the next morning. Around 2:30 a.m. they collided a few miles north of Camden.

Cornwallis had the disadvantage of being less than a mile north of Saunders Creek, with insufficient depth of position to deploy his reserves properly and no opportunity for maneuver initially. Gates had slightly higher ground on which to form for battle, but no natural protection for his flanks. On the other hand, he had about twice as many troops as Cornwallis, even though 80 percent of these were unseasoned militia.

But Gates had brought his army to the battlefield in a weakened and dispirited condition. Unfortunately, his militia were on the east flank where, as it turned out, Cornwallis had put his regulars and one of the war's most remarkable troop leaders, Lieutenant Colonel James Webster. At the age of thirty-two Webster had succeeded Cornwallis as commander of the Thirty-third Foot ("West Riding"), a regiment that was to figure prominently in the American Revolution. Webster came to America in early 1776 as part of Cornwallis's force and led his regiment with great distinction. He was cited by General Clinton for his performance at Monmouth, New Jersey in June 1778, given the temporary rank of brigadier less than a year later, and entrusted with command of a vital British post in the Hudson Highlands (Verplanck's, opposite Stony Point); and in December 1779 he sailed south with the forces that overran the Carolinas. Seven months after the Battle of Camden, having meanwhile been conspicuous in the operations against General Nathanael Greene in North Carolina and defying death on many battlefields, he was mortally wounded in the final stages of the Battle of Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina.

This was the man who commanded on the British right at Camden, and the foregoing summary of his career may make it somewhat easier to understand why the American militia opposite him did not distinguish itself for martial valor on this day.

Gates seems to have had no plan other than to deploy as best he could and let Cornwallis take the initiative. Webster formed his line as the artillery exchanged volleys with little effect other than to shroud the battlefield with dust and smoke. Colonel Otho Williams, a brilliant officer of the Maryland Line who was serving as principal staff officer to Gates on this occasion, prevailed on the Virginia militia to advance and hit the British before they could complete their deployment. He then led about fifty volunteers forward to disrupt the enemy.

Deploying with drill-field precision from march column into line of battle and then advancing with volley fire and the traditional cheering, Brigadier Webster's wing inspired such terror that the Virginia militia fled panic-stricken to the rear. Few tarried long enough to fire a shot, most threw their loaded weapons to the ground, and only three are known to have been wounded. Their flight inspired the North Carolina militia in the center to follow suit, leaving the Second Maryland Brigade unsupported on the American right flank.

Webster wheeled left to roll up the American flank rather than pursuing the militia. Cornwallis then turned Webster's efforts toward the American reserves, which is why the First Maryland Brigade was unable to fight its way forward to support the Second Brigade.

General Johann Kalb commanded the Continentals on the right, and the Marylanders stood fast initially against the wing led by Lord Rawdon. Despite several wounds and the loss of his horse, the huge Bavarian, fifty-eight years old and a professional officer since 1743, refused to retreat without orders from Gates. As the British closed in with overwhelming numbers the heroic Kalb went down bleeding from eleven wounds.

The miserable Horatio Gates had long since quit the battlefield. Swept back to Rugeley's Mill with the militia, he covered 60 miles on the day of the battle to reach Charlotte. (Camden being famous horse country even today, it must be mentioned that Gates was mounted on no ordinary steed for this ride.) Two days later, using relays of horses, Gates had covered another 120 miles to Hillsborough, North Carolina, where he planned to reorganize his shattered army. Only seven hundred of his original four thousand troops rejoined him. There is almost hopeless disagreement among authorities as to numbers engaged in the Battle of Camden and losses sustained on the Patriot side. According to some computations the Americans did not have as many as two hundred men killed in this tremendous defeat. Gates himself did not know how many men he had on the battlefield after sending large detachments off earlier on secondary missions, but only about one thousand Patriot troops did any real fighting in the Battle of Camden. And this action lasted only about an hour. Cornwallis's claim of one thousand Americans killed seems absurdly high, but it is credited by respectable authorities. About one thousand were captured, including almost all the wounded. The British lost 324 officers and men killed and wounded out of about two thousand engaged.

General Kalb died in Camden three days after the battle, and his grave was moved to its present location in front of the Bethesda Presbyterian Church at 502 DeKalb Street. The cornerstone for his monument, designed by Robert Mills, was laid by Lafayette in 1825.

Johann Kalb was the son of Bavarian peasants. He left home at the age of sixteen (in 1737) and six years later entered the pages of history as Lieutenant Jean de Kalb of the French army. After reaching the rank of major and further distinguishing himself as a soldier, he married a wealthy woman and retired from the army in 1765 to live near Paris. Three years later he traveled in America as a secret agent with the mission of reporting to the minister of foreign affairs on the colonists' attitude toward their mother country. In 1775 Kalb returned to the army; he was commissioned a brigadier general the next year, but meanwhile had decided to seek his military fortune in America. With a contract from Silas Deane he came to America with Lafayette in the summer of 1777 (see georgetown), but it was two years before Congress gave him an assignment commensurate with his rank of major general in the Continental army.

In April 1780 he was ordered to lead the Maryland and Delaware Continentals south to the relief of Charleston, but on 25 July he was superseded by Gates. General Kalb remained as a subordinate to Gates and tried vainly to prevent him from making the blunders that led to disaster at Camden. As we have seen, he died a hero's death here.

The Camden Battlefield is 5 miles north of the town of Camden on a county road just west of U.S. 521 and 601. The site has changed little from the time of the battle, consisting of open fields and pine woods bordered by small streams. The DAR put up a marker approximately where Kalb fell. In 2000 a group of local residents set up a nonprofit group to protect the site, which remains privately owned, from development.

The British fortified the town of Camden after the battle of 16 August 1780. An outer perimeter of six redoubts incorporated the stockaded house and outbuildings of Camden's founder, Joseph Kershaw. The latter had arrived from Charleston in 1758 and built a store. His large new home was still unfinished when the British occupied Camden but became their headquarters and has been known since as the Cornwallis House. Other structures incorporated into the fortifications were the civil jail and the Patriot powder magazine.

Lord Rawdon had been the British commander at Camden when the base was first established. He was twenty-six years old when he led the left wing of Cornwallis's army in the defeat of Gates, and only a year older when entrusted with command of eight thousand troops for the control of South Carolina and Georgia while Cornwallis undertook to win the American Revolution in North Carolina. After Cornwallis's subsequent departure for Virginia, Rawdon was supreme commander of British field forces in the South. (This point is disputed, particularly in connection with the Isaac Hayne Affair—see hayne grave and homesite. But major military operations of the British after Cornwallis left South Carolina were directed by Rawdon.)

Of a noble Irish family (he succeeded his father as earl of Moira in 1793, having added his mother's surname of Hastings to his own when his mother succeeded to the barony of Hastings in 1789), Francis Rawdon had distinguished himself in his baptism of fire at Bunker Hill. Tall and athletic, with a fine military bearing, he also was known as the "ugliest man in England." This distinction is not supported by his portraits, but he proved to be an ugly opponent to Nathanael Greene in the Battle of Hobkirk Hill on 25 April 1781.

When Greene undertook the reconquest of South Carolina he advanced on Camden from the northeast in hopes of surprising its defenders. But Rawdon kept himself well informed of Greene's movements and of his logistic problems. Marion the "Swamp Fox" and Sumter the Carolina "Gamecock" had been his greatest problems before the American regulars entered the arena, and as Greene approached Camden about half of Rawdon's fighting forces were detached under Lieutenant Colonel John Watson to wipe out Marion's partisans in the Pee Dee swamps. Meanwhile, Greene had detached the legion of "Light Horse Harry" Lee to support Marion. The Gamecock had his own ideas of how the war should be prosecuted, and refused to cooperate with Greene, but the latter did not know this and was expecting Sumter to join the team around Camden.

While the sideshow between Watson and the Lee-Marion combination progressed (see fort watson), Greene reached the outskirts of Camden. He had failed to achieve surprise, and although Rawdon's garrison had been reduced to only nine hundred men, Greene was not strong enough to take the fortified British position by assault. Greene therefore went into camp on Hobkirk Hill to await suppplies and reinforcements.

Although he could scrape together only eight hundred combatants, including convalescents, Rawdon decided to attack Greene's army of almost twice that number. His audacity paid off, largely because he was able to catch the Americans off guard and because they made a number of tactical mistakes. Captain Robert Kirkwood's Delaware Company effectively delayed the British advance once it was detected, but the crack First Maryland Regiment for some unaccountable reason collapsed, followed by the Fifth Maryland and the Fourth Virginia. Only the Fifth Virginia stood firm; otherwise Greene's entire force might have been destroyed. The Patriots fell back in good order to Rugeley's Mill.

Highway markers on U.S. 521 and 601 (Broad Street) point to the locations of Greene's headquarters and the American line (just north of Greene Street) in the handsome residential area that now covers Hobkirk Hill. (Signs tell you to keep your horse off the sidewalks.) Markers are also visible on I-20 heading west from Florence and heading east out of Columbia toward Camden. Lots on Hobkirk Hill started being sold in 1817 for summer cottages, and some of these original structures are incorporated in the mansions built after 1840 in Camden's golden era. Nearly all the houses of historic interest have numbered markers keyed in with a guidebook available at various places in Camden. The battlefield in the center of the residential Hobkirk Hill, now named Kirkwood Commons, has been preserved, and there are several commemorative monuments to both Patriot and Loyalist soldiers.

Restoration of Historic Camden, the fortified village of the Revolution, is an all-too-rare example of what can be accomplished by an intelligent group of local citizens who, in this case, formed the aptly named Historic Camden Foundation.

The Foundation owns and operates Historic Camden, a 107-acre outdoor museum complex with nature trails, a gift shop, picnic areas, and its most spectacular presentation—a number of historic houses that were reproduced or moved into the park from the surrounding area. They include: Bradley House (c.1800), moved from 9 miles east of Camden to the park in the late 1970s; Craven House (c.1789), moved in 1979 from Mill Street; Cunningham House (1840), which serves as the executive offices and gift shop, moved from Market and Dekalb Streets; Drakeford House (c.1812), moved from the farthest location of them all—about 12 miles in the early 1970s; and the Kershaw-Cornwallis House, which is a reproduction of the original home owned by Camden founder Joseph Kersaw. Historic Camden is open to the public every day but Monday. Website: www.camden-sc.org; phone: (803) 432-9841.

Although modern building construction continues to obliterate some of the Revolutionary War fortifications, developers of Historic Camden are striving to acquire additional acreage that includes much of the eighteenth-century town site that has not yet been destroyed.

The visitor to modern Camden will find his way well marked to the area's many historic attractions. Literature is available at the clearly identified information center on the north side of U.S. 1 in the quiet business district. Historic Camden is just off U.S. 521 (Broad Street), on the south edge of town, and the way is marked. The route north to Hobkirk Hill, the Camden Battlefield, and Rugeley's Mill (U.S. 521 and 601 for about 6 miles, then left on County Road 58) is marked by the "Washington Coach" silhouette signs posted by the state.

Cedar Spring

Cedar Spring, junction of S.C. 56 and 295 on southeast edge of Spartanburg. Alongside the highway, at the foot of the hill on which the South Carolina Deaf and Blind School is located, is a pipe spewing forth the waters of old Cedar Spring. Only about 2 miles from Wofford's Iron Works, this spring gave its name to two little battles of the Revolution. In July 1780 Mrs. Jane Thomas left her home near here to visit her husband at Ninety Six, where the militia colonel was imprisoned for parole violation. Overhearing two Loyalist women mention a proposed raid to surprise the Rebel camp at Cedar Spring, Jane raced back to warn her son, who commanded the sixty Patriots. She arrived in the evening after a nonstop ride of 60 miles. The Patriots left their fires burning and withdrew to set up an ambuscade that routed the 150-man raiding party. On 8 August, three weeks later, there was a drawn battle in this vicinity known variously as the Second Battle of Cedar Springs, the Peach Orchard Fight, and the Old Iron Works Engagement. It was a running battle, with most of the action taking place about halfway between the spring and the iron works. Although indecisive, it was followed by gradually increasing Whig supremacy in the region.

Charleston

Charleston. In 1670 a permanent English settlement was established at Albemarle Point on the west bank of the Ashley River about 3.5 miles from where that river joins the Cooper to form Oyster Point. The site remained in private ownership for three centuries, unspoiled by developers, and is part of the 200-acre Charles Towne Landing State Historic Site. Phone: (843) 852-4200. No trace of the old settlement survives, but the palisade, redoubt, and trenches have been rebuilt. In Old Town Creek is a reproduction of a seventeenth-century trading ship. Nearby is an exhibition of the crops grown experimentally by the original settlers. Other attractions are a "forest" with animals indigenous to the state (including bison) and a landscaped park of almost 100 acres. Routes to the site are marked.

Oyster Point quickly proved to be a better location than Albemarle Point, despite its greater vulnerability to naval attack. Settlement soon started here on the tip of the peninsula formed by the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, and in 1680 the seat of government was moved to the new Charles Town. French Protestants started arriving this same year. Around 1719 the name of the growing settlement was changed to Charlestowne, and the current spelling was not adopted until British occupation ended in 1783 and the town was incorporated.

As the colonists moved toward revolution the population of Charleston (to use its present name) grew to 12,000. Only Philadelphia (with 38,000), New York City (22,000), and Boston (18,000) were larger in 1775. Although Charleston was not a chartered city and did not even have a township government until the end of the Revolution, it was by far the most important settlement south of Philadelphia, and was the political and social center of South Carolina. In the immediate vicinity were many prosperous plantations. Charleston was therefore intimately involved in the political and commercial controversies that started in 1763. But the city enjoyed many years of immunity from serious warfare while the British made their main effort in the North.

This immunity was bought early in 1776 when a major British attempt to take Charleston and the southern provinces was repulsed on nearby Sullivan's Island, primarily because of the gallant resistance at the place later named Fort Moultrie. But with the next threat, a mere feint made by General Augustine Prevost to relieve General Benjamin Lincoln's counteroffensive toward Augusta, Georgia in May 1779, Charlestonian civic leaders wanted to surrender. While Governor John Rutledge and General William Moultrie carried out uncoordinated and ineffectual efforts to manage the defense of the city, the terrified citizenry tried to work out a deal with the enemy to spare Charleston in return for a promise of the city's neutrality. The white citizens of Charleston were not only anxious to avoid battle, they also feared that a British attack, which would likely come with promises of freedom to the state's slaves, would permanently disrupt their "way of life." Given that the majority of South Carolina's population was enslaved, it is easy to understand their fear. Negotiations broke down because Prevost foolishly insisted that the armed garrison of the city be surrendered—the very garrison which the whites of Charleston relied upon for protection from slave uprisings. Having achieved much more success in this strategic diversion than he could have hoped for, Prevost shifted his force to Johns Island to reestablish his lines of communication by sea with his base in Georgia. (He had advanced on Charleston overland from Ebenezer, Georgia, marching along the general line of today's U.S. 17.) When he learned that Lincoln was racing back to "save" Charleston, precisely what the British strategy had sought to achieve, Prevost left a large rear guard on the islands south of Charleston and withdrew the rest of his troops along the coast to Savannah. About a month later this rear guard repulsed a mismanaged American attack at Stono Ferry.

Early in 1780 the British were able to launch a major expedition into the Carolinas. Meanwhile, a combined force of French and Americans had suffered a costly defeat in trying to recapture Savannah, Georgia (9 October 1779). The British expedition from New York under General Henry Clinton was so buffeted by storms that it could not come into North Edisto Inlet, just south of Charleston, as planned, but had to reorganize at Savannah. In a plodding campaign Clinton forced the surrender of Charleston on 12 May 1780 after the citizens of Charleston informed General Lincoln that they would not act to defend their city. The decisive military action took place along the Patriot lines of communications into Charleston, particularly around Moncks Corner; within the city itself there are no significant landmarks associated with the siege. A block of tabby construction in Marion Square, just north of Calhoun Street, is a vestige of the "horn work" that was roughly in the center of the main defensive line. Forts Moultrie and Johnson had no significant role in the defense or the city in 1780. The surrender was a major disaster to the Patriot cause. A vigorous pursuit by "Butcher" Tarleton destroyed the last organized Patriot armed force in the action known as Buford's Defeat, more than 100 miles from Charleston, and South Carolina was a conquered province for almost a year before the tide of war turned again. Forced slowly back to Charleston, the British finally evacuated their last stronghold here on 11 July 1782. General Nathanael Greene maintained his headquarters in Charleston until August 1783, when he received news that the preliminary peace treaty had been negotiated.

About 550 buildings of the eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth century survive in the two historic areas of Charleston. Concentrated in the southeast corner of the city, they may be found on maps and literature furnished without charge by the well-organized tourist agencies of the state and city. One of the most helpful and active is the Historic Charleston Foundation, founded in 1947. Phone: (843) 723-1623. Following is a discussion of the highlights.

The report of the National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings names twenty-seven structures "worthy of special notice." Of these, the following are listed in the order of a walking tour that requires a minimum of backtracking:

Miles Brewton House, 27 King Street. Built in 1765 to 1769 for the prominent citizen and slave trader from which it takes its name, probably the best example of the Charleston "double-house," and perhaps the "finest town house of the colonial period," it is a brick structure, almost square in design, with a two-story white portico and a formidable barbed fence put up in 1822 in response to the alleged Denmark Vesey slave insurrection. The exterior and interior are richly ornamented. As the National Survey points out, "such historical interest as the house possesses springs directly from its architectural distinction." It naturally became headquarters for the British, and is now a private residence.

Heyward-Washington House, 87 Church Street. Built in 1772 on a street where several other noteworthy eighteenth-century houses survive, this was the home of a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Heyward, Jr. The city rented it for George Washington to stay in for a week in May 1791; hence it is called the Heyward-Washington House. The house was recognized as a National Historic Landmark in 1976 and is owned and operated by the Charleston Museum, which has opened it to the public. Phone: (843) 722-2996.

St. Michael's Episcopal Church, 80 Meeting Street at Broad Street. Called "one of the great Georgian churches of the Colonies," it features a two-story portico of gigantic proportions and a spire that rises from a square base in a series of three diminishing octagons to a conical tip which is 185 feet high. The architect may have been Peter Harrison, whose King's Chapel in Boston is marred by the absence of the lofty spire he intended it to have. Dedicated in 1761, St. Michael's is a memorial to the culture and wealth of Charleston in the early days of the colony.

The Exchange (Custom House) and Provost Dungeon, 122 East Bay Street, east end of Broad Street. Built in 1767 to 1771 after adoption of the Townshend Acts (duties on imports of glass, lead, painters' colors, tea, and paper by the colonists were imposed to pay expenses of British government in America), the Exchange had commodious cellars for customs storage. American opposition to the Townshend Acts led to the elimination of all products but tea from the duty list before Charleston's new customhouse was finished. In 1773 the cellars held British tea seized by the colonists, and in 1780 they were used by the Patriots for storing powder. During the British occupation American prisoners were held here, including Colonel Isaac Hayne (see hayne grave and homesite). When renovations were undertaken in 1965 a portion of the old city seawall of 1690 and a gun battery were uncovered. The "Provost Dungeon" is a DAR museum with a model of the Half Moon Battery that stood on the site before the Revolution, artifacts from recent excavations, a representation of the Patriot powder cache that remained undetected during the British occupation, and life-size wax figures of prisoners and guards. The Exchange has undergone extensive modification throughout the years and was badly damaged during the Civil War, but much of the original structure has survived. It was renovated again in 1981 by the Friends of the Old Exchange, who raise money and awareness on the building's behalf. Open daily, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Museum phone: (843) 727-2165.

Colonial Powder Magazine, 79 Cumberland Street. The oldest public building in the city, this low, single-story structure of stuccoed brick with a heavy tile roof was authorized in 1703 and completed several years later. Of architectural note are the unusually small bricks used in its construction and a massive arch supporting the central portion of the roof. Located near the northwest bastion of the walled city, the magazine was used until the British besieged Charleston in the spring of 1780. The public powder supply was then moved to the Exchange. Owned by the Colonial Dames until they entrusted it to the Historic Charleston Foundation in 1993, the Powder Magazine is a museum open to the public daily from mid-March through October, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., except on Sunday, when it is open from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. Phone: (843) 722 3767.

William Rhett House, 54 Hasell Street. The oldest dwelling in Charleston and still a private residence, it was completed by 1716 as a plantation house just outside the fortified walls of the city. Major alterations have been made on the exterior of this National Historic Landmark. William Rhett was an outstanding leader in the early days of the colony, commanding the flotilla that repulsed a Franco-Spanish attack in 1706 and leading the expedition that captured Stede Bonnet, the pirate. Confederate General Wade Hampton (1818–1902), grandson of the Colonel Wade Hampton who served under Thomas Sumter, was born in the Rhett House.

Charleston Museum, 360 Meeting Street. Established in 1773, this claims to be the oldest museum in the United States. Devoted to the life and environment of Charleston and its region, the museum contains a number of historical displays, including a permanent exhibit on slavery. Open Monday through Saturday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., and Sunday 1 to 5 p.m. Phone: (843) 722-2996.

Old Bethel United Methodist Church, 222 Calhoun Street. Though construction did not start until 1797, Old Bethel is the oldest extant Methodist Church in Charleston, and provides interesting insights to racial relations under slavery. The church was built by whites, free blacks, and slaves at a time when the Methodist Church still encouraged interracial worship. All that changed in the 1840s when the Methodist Church divided between North and South, with the latter supporting slavery and segregating services. Old Bethel, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, currently serves a largely African American congregation. Phone: (803) 722-3470.

Old Slave Mart, 6 Chalmers Street. Nothing about the South, including the American Revolution, makes sense without integrating slavery into the story. The Old Slave Mart, where people were bought and sold, was slated for demolition in 1960 when the Wragg sisters, Judith and Louise, realized the importance of preserving this vestige of African American history. It took these white women twenty years to pay for the Mart, and they never realized their dream of an African American museum on the site. The city now owns the site and there are plans to fulfill the Wraggs's vision of a museum. The Wraggs also collected more than twenty thousand books and documents relevant to African American history. This library is on Sullivan's Island and can be seen by appointment only; phone: (803) 883-3797.

Many of the historic homes and sites in and around Charleston are open all year; many others are open for tours from mid-March to mid-April. Schedules and fees (if any) being subject to change, you should check on these in advance through tourist agents or the Historic Charleston Foundation; phone: (843) 723-1623.

Cheraw

Cheraw, Great Pee Dee River, Chesterfield County. Because of its location on a navigable stream about 100 miles above the major port of Georgetown and covering the northeastern approaches to the state from North Carolina, Cheraw was of considerable strategic importance during the Revolution. It had been settled around 1752 by Welsh from Pennsylvania, and the church they completed in 1773 is the major architectural attraction in modern Cheraw.

A British punitive expedition under the notorious Major James Wemyss came up the Pee Dee as far as Cheraw soon after the coastal region was overrun in May 1780. When the enemy base was established at Camden, a major outpost was created at Cheraw in June. Major Archibald McArthur with his First Battalion, Seventy-first Highlanders, garrisoned the place until moved to Brierly's Ferry five months later. Meanwhile, hopes of the region's Patriots had been raised briefly when General Gates came by in August on his way toward Camden.

When General Greene succeeded Gates after the Camden disaster and adopted the unorthodox strategy of splitting his forces into two widely separated wings, he himself came with the larger force to the vicinity of Cheraw. His camp was selected by Colonel Thaddeus Kosciuszko 2 miles from the settlement, where modern Wallace is located. Here about one thousand troops camped during the period 20 December 1780 to 28 January 1781 while Lord Cornwallis tore his hair trying to figure out Greene's strategy. That strategy worked out beautifully, with General Dan Morgan winning a major victory at Cowpens, way off on the other side of the state, and both wings of Greene's army then running for Virginia with the British in hot but unsuccessful pursuit. Greene himself had reached the Cheraw encampment with Huger's Division on 26 December and had left with a small escort on 28 January.

When Cornwallis withdrew from Guilford Court House toward the port of Wilmington, North Carolina and Greene moved to attack Camden, Cheraw again became a critical point. Should Cornwallis turn and seek battle with Greene in South Carolina he would have to do so around Cheraw. Lee's Legion had the mission of screening against this threat, and when it did not materialize, the legion came through Cheraw to join up with Francis Marion's command along the Pee Dee.

The Heritage and Beauty Trail links the places of interest in modern Cheraw, which has an attractive district of old homes and a number of historic buildings. Most of these date from after the Revolution, but the notable exception, previously mentioned, is St. David's Episcopal Church. This is a simple but impressive white frame structure with a high belfry. The British used it as a hospital during a smallpox epidemic, and fifty patients are buried in a common grave in the churchyard. The Greater Cheraw Chamber of Commerce, located at 221 Market Street, is a good source of local historic information. Phone: (843) 537-7681.

Cherokee Ford

Cherokee Ford, Savannah River. See under Georgia.

Combahee Ferry and Tar Bluff (Chehaw Point)

Combahee Ferry and Tar Bluff (Chehaw Point), Combahee River. The light brigade under General Mordecai Gist, which had been created to cope with strong foraging expeditions sent out by the British to supply their remaining garrisons at Savannah and Charleston in 1782, was ordered to destroy one of these forces in the Combahee River.

Gist set up a howitzer position at Chehaw Point, 12 miles down the meandering river from Combahee Ferry, where the British expedition of about eighteen sailing craft and five hundred troops was located. When he learned that the British were dropping down the river under cover of darkness, Gist moved his entire brigade toward Chehaw Point. Colonel John Laurens, ordered to move ahead quickly with an advance guard and secure the howitzer position, started from Gist's camp near the ferry and stopped briefly at the Stock Plantation, about 6 miles from his destination. At 3 a.m. on 27 August he resumed his march and walked into an ambuscade.

The skirmish that followed is well-known only because it cost the life of John Laurens, a fine young officer (see mepkin plantation) who had distinguished himself not only as a combat leader on many major battlefields of the Revolution but also in a diplomatic assignment in Paris with Benjamin Franklin (spring 1781). Laurens was also notorious in his time for opposing slavery and proposing that slaves be offered their freedom in return for serving in the Continental army. With a reputation for "intrepidity bordering on rashness," as Washington put it, "and a love of military glory [that] made him seek it upon occasions unworthy of his rank," as General Greene said of him, the twenty-seven-year-old Colonel Laurens had left a sickbed to follow Gist from the Charleston area and plead for this assignment. He was killed in leading a charge against impossible odds because he had no alternative but surrender.

But all this should not obscure the superior military ability of the British in this clash. Learning of Gist's maneuver, they had landed three hundred regulars undetected on Chehaw Point and deployed to surprise the Patriot column on its line of march. After shattering the advance guard, the British rose from their positions in the tall grass and drove the survivors back onto the main body that followed. The regulars then formed a defensive line in rough, wooded terrain where the American cavalry could not operate to support Gist's infantry elements. Without the loss of a man, the British finally withdrew and carried on with their foraging. One Patriot in addition to Laurens was killed, about twenty were wounded, and the howitzer was captured along with its crew.

Old Chehaw Point remains unspoiled on the bank of the wide and picturesque Combahee River. To reach it from the U.S. 17 bridge over the Combahee (the site of Combahee Ferry; remains of an old fort are at the southwest end of the bridge), drive east for 2.2 miles and turn south on S.C. 162. Continue for 6.5 miles to the junction with S.C. 161. This is the site of the Stock Plantation, where Laurens spent several hours with Mrs. Stock and her family. He was buried just east of this road junction. "A small inclosure, without a stone, marks his grave," wrote Benson Lossing in 1849. (Laurens's cenotaph is on the site of Mepkin Plantation.)

Continue south, on S.C. 161, about 3 miles and turn right on the unimproved road that goes about 3 miles southwest to the river. The action took place along this route.

Congarees, The.

Congarees, The. Seefort granby.

Cowpens

Cowpens. This national battlefield site is about 20 miles west of Kings Mountain, 11 miles northwest of Gaffney, and 2 miles southeast of Chesnee at intersection of S.C. 11 and 221. Take Exit 78 from the I-85.

Daniel Morgan (1736–1802) won a little masterpiece of a battle here on 17 January 1781, whipping the redoubtable Banastre Tarleton (1754–1833) and raising Patriot morale at a time when it badly needed raising. The battle is remarkable for the critical role played by terrain, and the site has been sufficiently well preserved and marked for a visitor to appreciate Morgan's tactical genius in selecting and using this unusual piece of ground.

The temperamental and irascible Morgan had come out of retirement and offered his services to Horatio Gates after that misguided general had led the Americans to a humiliating defeat at Camden. Shortly thereafter, Morgan was promoted to brigadier general, and he took command of a little force of light troops comprising 320 Continentals of the Maryland and Delaware line, 200 Virginia riflemen, and about 80 light dragoons. When Nathanael Greene arrived on 3 December 1780 to replace Gates, this southern army had a handful of superb military leaders. Greene was probably second only to Washington as a combat leader. Morgan had established his record long before as a formidable leader of light troops, but even more important, he had two outstanding subordinate commanders: Colonel John Eager Howard (1752–1827), who led the foot elements, and Colonel William Washington (1752–1810), a distant cousin of the commander in chief, who led the dragoons. (A dragoon was a mounted infantryman. That is to say, he did not normally fight from horseback, but rode into battle and dismounted to fight on foot.)

Furthermore, to complete this all-star roster, militia general Andrew Pickens (1739–1817) arrived on the field on the eve of battle, and to his leadership is due most of the credit for the remarkably good performance of the militia at Cowpens.

The day before this great Patriot victory, however, nobody would have predicted such an outcome. Morgan had led his command from Charlotte, North Carolina, in a deep penetration of the territory supposedly under the control of Cornwallis and the Loyalists. (About three weeks after Morgan was detached, Greene further confounded his enemy by moving the rest of his little army to Cheraw, arriving there a few days before Christmas 1780.) On New Year's Day Cornwallis got alarming reports that Morgan was approaching the Loyalist stronghold at Ninety Six with three thousand men, and Tarleton was dispatched to that place to counter the American threat. The report was, of course, grossly exaggerated. Morgan had only one-fifth the strength reported to Cornwallis, and he was hampered by lack of supplies. William Washington had raided to within 15 miles of Ninety Six, but the Patriots were not about to try assaulting that place.

Cornwallis had the main body of his four-thousand-man field army at Winnsboro and was anxious to undertake a major offensive into North Carolina, but he could not start this until the threat of Morgan was eliminated. He therefore accepted the strategy proposed by Tarleton: with his legion and a reinforcement of supporting troops, Tarleton would take off through the rugged country of backwoods South Carolina and destroy Morgan or drive him toward Kings Mountain; Cornwallis would move toward the same point with the main body to trap the Americans who got away from Tarleton.

Morgan confounded this plan by not following the obvious and shorter route through Kings Mountain to rejoin Greene. Taking advantage of the numerous streams as delaying positions, the American commander withdrew in a more westerly direction. On 15 January, however, Morgan learned that Tarleton was on his track with a force that outnumbered him two to one. During the day Tarleton probed unsuccessfully for an unguarded ford on the Pacolet River. That night he faked a march up the stream, went silently into bivouac, and then moved downstream to make an unopposed crossing 6 miles below Morgan. The Americans were about to have breakfast at 6:00 the morning of 16 January when scouts clattered in with the reports of Tarleton's approach. Half an hour later Morgan was hurrying north to put the Broad River between him and the British, and Tarleton was eating Morgan's breakfast.

The peculiar piece of terrain called "Hannah's Cowpens" was known to some of the officers with Morgan as he moved northward that day. Not far off their route, this was relatively high, open ground where a wealthy Loyalist had owned extensive enclosures used for wintering cattle. It was a place where the Americans could stop and make a stand, and it had the additional advantage of being well-known to local guides because the Patriots had used it as an assembly point before the Battle of Kings Mountain. Bodies of militia were moving to reinforce Morgan, so this would be an ideal rendezvous. By mid-afternoon 16 January, when he was still 10 miles from the safety of the Broad River and 5 miles from Hannah's Cowpens, Morgan decided to head for that place and make a stand.

Looking at the prospective battlefield from the south, the direction from which Tarleton would approach it, Morgan saw a tree-dotted meadow rising gradually to a height of about 70 feet in total elevation. About 300 yards forward of this peak and 400 yards from the edge of the woods was a break in the ground known to tacticians as the "military crest" of the hill. That is to say, troops deployed along this crest would have a view of the lower slope and could cover it by fire. On the other hand, troops on the top of the hill would have their fire masked by such a military crest until the enemy reached it.

Morgan's unusual plan of battle called for three lines. The veteran Virginia riflemen and Continentals, under the command of John Eager Howard, would form the main line near the top of the hill. The bulk of the militia, under Andrew Pickens, would be deployed along the military crest, some 150 yards forward of Howard and at a lower elevation. Out in front of Pickens about 200 yards and well concealed in the grass and behind trees would be 150 picked riflemen of the militia.

Knowing that militia would not stand and fight like veteran regulars, Morgan devised unorthodox tactics to make use of the terrain so as to capitalize on their presence in large numbers. In so doing he showed the all-too-rare leadership quality of shaping his plans to the weaknesses of troops rather than exhorting them to make efforts of which they were incapable.

The 200-pound, 6-foot veteran of Braddock's massacre, Arnold's march to Quebec, and the two battles of Saratoga moved around his noisy bivouac the night before the battle and made sure that everybody understood what he wanted them to do the next day. He carefully explained to the militiamen that he wanted them to run, but that he first wanted them to actually fire their guns. The picked riflemen in the line closest to the enemy were to hold their fire until the last possible minute and then deliver only two shots. But Morgan wanted these to be two hits; then these men were free to drop back to Pickens's line. This stronger militia line was to do about the same thing: fire one or two shots from their muskets and then fall back. But they were to withdraw along a prescribed route, around the left (east) flank of the Continentals, and re-form in reserve.

While Morgan's troops were making careful preparations for the battle and getting a good night's rest, Tarleton's were making an exhausting night march through the brush. British scouts drew scattered shots from Morgan's forward riflemen when they reached the battlefield around dawn. Loyalist guides told Tarleton about this well-known clearing in the wilderness, but the British commander saw no need to waste time in reconnaissance.

Forming his infantry in line of battle on the southern edge of the clearing, and holding the Seventy-first Highlanders and 250 horsemen in reserve, Tarleton started the engagement in the standard European fashion: he ordered a wave of fifty troopers to charge forward to drive in the enemy skirmishers. The Georgia and North Carolina militia of Morgan's forward line squeezed off their two shots from hidden positions at close range and emptied fifteen saddles.

Even a horse cavalryman should have had enough sense to change his plans for a frontal attack. But not Tarleton. He led his infantry forward, Pickens held his fire until the range was closed to 100 paces, and then 450 militiamen fired on order. Many of the 100 British killed at Cowpens fell in this phase of the battle. Almost half of these were officers and noncommissioned officers, in accordance with Morgan's instructions to fire at the epaulettes and the crossbelts.

But when the militia withdrew, the British thought they had won the field and had only to mop it up. Tarleton re-formed his line and started for the crest of the hill. His men were cheering in triumph when the first volley hit them. While his line continued to press forward, Tarleton rode to the rear and ordered his reserve of two hundred kilted Highlanders and fifty attached dragoons to attack the American right (west) flank. To meet this new threat, Howard issued orders for the unit on the right of the line to withdraw slightly and face the enveloping force—a maneuver known as "refusing the flank."

The rest of the line misunderstood this maneuver and thought Howard had ordered a general withdrawal, with the result that the entire line started to the rear, although in good order. This accident was turned into a final triumph because Howard had the good sense to let the withdrawal continue, but he also kept it under control, and Morgan himself selected a new position to the rear. As the British rushed forward for the kill, the retreating Americans stopped, turned, fired a volley at point-blank range, and counterattacked with the bayonet.

William Washington had been watching all this from the flank, and led a well-timed cavalry attack against the British right and rear. Then to compound British misfortunes of the day, Pickens showed up at the head of the militia to attack the other flank.

Most of the British tried to fight their way out, but the battle was lost. Tarleton's final humiliation, which he richly deserved for his lack of mature military leadership in this action, was the refusal of his 200 legion cavalry to follow him in a final effort to save the day.

The fighting had lasted only an hour, but the British had 100 killed and about 830 captured. American losses were 12 killed and 60 wounded. Morgan wasted no time leaving the scene of his triumph, marching north at about noon and making camp on the other side of the Broad River. He rejoined Greene in North Carolina at Beattie's Ford.

In April 1972 Congress passed legislation creating the Cowpens National Battlefield Park. Formerly known as Cowpens National Battlefield Site, which comprised a mere 1.25 acres, it has been enlarged to 842 acres that include the major features of the battlefield. This national full-service park includes many hiking trails, including an interpretive Battlefield Trail that takes the visitor around the battle site. There is camping, a museum, and a visitors center with interactive panels and other educational media. The Battlefield is open daily except holidays, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Phone: (864) 461-2828.

Dean Swamp

Dean Swamp, just northwest of Salley, Aiken County. In May 1782 Captains Michael Watson and William Butler went to disperse a body of Loyalists here and were lured into an ambush. Watson and a sergeant were mortally wounded. Butler rallied the survivors in a farmhouse, and a rescue column came out from Orangeburg. Historians have long been confused about the date and place of this action. Heitman's Register says Michael Watson was killed at Sharon, Georgia, on 24 May 1782. But the death date on Watson's grave in Orangeburg is 5 May 1782. The site of the skirmish is said to be within a few hundred yards south of the S.C. 394 highway bridge over Dean Creek, about a mile northwest of Salley (once Johntown). A new marker is on S.C. 394.

Drayton Hall

Drayton Hall, 3380 Ashley River Road, Charleston County. "The best surviving example in South Carolina of the colonial plantation house," says the National Survey of this "monumental brick structure of two stories over a high basement, [with an interior] distinguished by spacious rooms with magnificent paneling and richly ornamented ceilings." "Especially impressive are the stair halls," this authority goes on to say, "with its double flight of stairs, and the entrance hall, with fireplace after a design by the great British architect Inigo Jones. The other rooms are almost equally fine" (Colonials and Patriots, pp. 161-162).

A landmark in the British military operations around Charleston in 1780, it was the birthplace of the fiery Patriot William Henry Drayton (1742–1779), whose father built Drayton Hall when he acquired the property around 1738.

In 1973 the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the Historic Charleston Foundation jointly leased the mansion and 633 acres with an option to purchase it for $680,900 (the appraised value of the property for tax assessment). Long unoccupied, the mansion is unique in that it remains unmarred by the addition of modern plumbing, heat, or electricity. It is one of only three mansions on the Ashley River not destroyed by General William T. Sherman's troops during the Civil War, spared because it was being used as a hospital for smallpox victims. Unusually, the plantation has a well-preserved slave cemetery and an excellent tour that discusses the role of slaves in building this plantation and investing their labor to create its prosperity. Important archaeological excavations are currently being conducted at this site. It has remained in the Drayton family for seven generations and is open daily, 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Phone: (843) 769-2600.

Its grounds adjoin Magnolia Gardens. The property is about 2 miles north of the village of Drayton Hall (junction of S.C. 57 and 61) and is reached via S.C. 61.

Eutaw Springs Battlefield

Eutaw Springs Battlefield (lost site), village of Eutaw Springs on an arm of Lake Marion, Orangeburg County. A pretty little park maintained by the state on a curve of a country highway is the monument to the last major engagement in the South (8 September 1781), one of the hardest-fought battles of the Revolution and one of the most interesting. The British hero of the battle, Major John Marjoribanks (pronounced Marshbanks), is buried in the park, his remains having been moved there after Lake Marion overtook his original burial spot. Several historical markers summarize the action, and although the battlefield has not been preserved except for the park, it remains on firm ground—reports of its being submerged and lying underneath Lake Marion are greatly exaggerated. Take Exit 98 off I-95 and head east on S.C. 6 for 12 miles. Open daily, dawn to dusk.

Fairforest Creek ("the Forest")

Fairforest Creek ("the Forest"), Spartanburg and Union Counties. A picturesque battleground in the civil war between Whigs and Loyalists, the valley of this creek was known as "the Forest." The stream runs through Spartanburg, then generally midway between the Pacolet and Tyger Rivers before entering the latter at a point due south of modern Union. Colonel Thomas Fletchall was a principal Loyalist leader of the Forest until taken prisoner in the Snow Campaign of 1775. His impressive home overlooking Fairforest Creek has not survived, but the site is known. (It is on private property, a few miles south of Union near U.S. 176.)

Fish Dam Ford

Fish Dam Ford, Broad River, Chester County. Major James Wemyss with his one hundred mounted troops of the Sixty-third Foot and forty dragoons of Tarleton's Legion undertook to surprise the camp of General Thomas Sumter about 30 miles northwest of Cornwallis's base at Winnsboro. Five British dragoons had the special mission of capturing Sumter dead or alive, and the leader of this enterprise, Wemyss, was second only to Tarleton as an object of Patriot hatred and fear.

The British expected to surprise Sumter at dawn, 9 November 1780, at a place called Moore's Mill. But the Patriots had moved 5 miles south, to the east end of Fish Dam Ford. Here Wemyss rode into Sumter's outposts around 1 a.m., there was a quick volley of shots before the security detachment fell back, and the British commander toppled from the saddle with a broken arm and a wounded knee. Tarleton's troopers charged blindly ahead and were badly shot up. The British infantry went into action on foot, but finally withdrew after sustaining heavy losses.

As at Fishing Creek, Sumter escaped by making a run for it, but because it was dark he hid in the vicinity. About noon the next day he returned to his camp, where his troops had started reassembling a few hours after dawn and where a British sergeant had been left to tend the wounded. The story is that Sumter was handed a paper taken from Wemyss's pocket that listed the Patriots he had hanged and the houses he had burned on his expedition to Cheraw. Sumter allegedly threw the incriminating document in the fire. (Wemyss was paroled with the other wounded, presumably exchanged, was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the Sixty-third Foot in 1787, and left the British army two years later. But he does not reappear in the history of the Revolution.)

Fish Dam Battleground Monument is just east of the Broad River bridge on the north side of S.C. 72 and 121, more easily seen when the trees are bare. Visible when water is low during the summer, the "fish dam" is a zigzag chain of rocks built by the Cherokee as a dual-purpose ford and fish trap.

Fishing Creek (Catawba Ford)

Fishing Creek (Catawba Ford), just north of Great Falls, Chester County. The loss of historic sites is usually lamented, but in the case of the Fishing Creek battlefield modern Patriots must secretly be happy. A granite marker on U.S. 21 just north of Great Falls indicates the general area of General Thomas Sumter's defeat on 18 August 1780. Sumter was retreating from Wateree Ferry and Fort Carey to escape British forces pursuing the survivors of the Camden disaster. Early on 17 August, Tarleton got on Sumter's trail. The next morning he pushed on with 100 dragoons and 60 infantry (riding double), cut down two scouts, and caught Sumter's command lolling around camp unprepared for action. With a loss of 16 killed and wounded, Tarleton killed 150 Patriots, captured 300, liberated 100 British prisoners, and recovered more than 40 loaded supply wagons. Sumter escaped by leaping bareback on a horse, and reports of this skirmish made Tarleton a hero in England.

The exact location of the action is not known. Most of the battlefield, if not all of it, is beneath Fishing Creek Reservoir near the dam. A granite marker is on the east side of U.S. 21 just north of Great Falls, on a dangerous hilltop curve. Just south of this marker is a loop of the older highway, and from this stretch of road the waters that cover Sumter's unfortunate campsite can be viewed.

Fletchall (Thomas) Estate Site

Fletchall (Thomas) Estate Site. Seefairforest creek.

Fort Charlotte

Fort Charlotte (lost site), Savannah River, McCormick County. About 50 miles up the Savannah River from Augusta was Fort Charlotte of the colonial era. The first overt act of rebellion in the state took place when Patriots seized the fort on 12 July 1775 by order of the Council of Safety. After this the place was mentioned frequently in accounts of military operations across the Savannah River, so its map location is of historical importance. Opposite the mouth of Georgia's Broad River and covering Cowens Ford, the site is under the waters of J. Strom Thurmond Lake. S.C. 91, running southwest from Mount Carmel in the western tip of McCormick County, ends at the aforementioned body of water officially named J. Strom Thurmond Lake and Dam at Clarks Hill, which is in the general vicinity of the lost site.

Fort Dorchester

Fort Dorchester, Ashley River, Dorchester County. At the start of the Revolution Patriot forces rebuilt Fort Dorchester on the site of a settlement that had existed here from 1696 (see midway under Georgia). Dorchester was a British base from April 1780 until retaken by General Greene's forces on 1 December 1781. The British garrison of 850 made the mistake of assuming that Greene's presence in the approaching column meant that he had his entire army with him, so they destroyed their supplies, threw their artillery into the river, and without a fight abandoned the last outpost around Charleston. The truth was that Greene had only two hundred infantry and two hundred cavalry, having sent the main body of his army to Round O, more than 20 miles to the west.

In Old Dorchester State Park, on S.C. 642 about 6 miles south of Summerville, the picturesque tabby ruins mark the site of the old town that was finally abandoned by 1788. (Do not confuse this place with the present town of Dorchester, about 20 miles to the northwest on U.S. 78.)

Fort Galphin (Dreadnought)

Fort Galphin (Dreadnought), Savannah River about 12 miles below Augusta (beeline) on Silver Bluff, extension of S.C. 32. A small stockaded place, home of George Galphin, deputy superintendent of Indian affairs, it was garrisoned by two Loyalist companies in May 1781 when the final siege of Augusta was undertaken. After Elijah Clark and Andrew Pickens had attacked boats bringing the annual royal presents for the Indians, driving their guard into Fort Galphin, Lee's Legion arrived from Augusta to capture the position on 21 May. With the loss of only one man, Lee took supplies and arms badly needed by the Rebels.

To reach the site, drive north from Jackson on S.C. 5 about 2 miles from the center of town (junction of S.C. 62 and 299 with 5). Turn west on the unimproved road that is joined by the extension of S.C. 32 a little more than a mile farther west, and continue about a mile to Silver Bluff. The site is now part of the Audubon Society's Silver Bluff Center and sanctuary. For the last several years, the Savannah River Archeological Research Program has been exploring and unearthing many note-worthy artifacts on the Fort Galphin site. Phone: (803) 725-3623.

Fort Granby (the Congarees)

Fort Granby (the Congarees), Congaree River below Columbia. A graveyard and historical marker just south of Cayce in Lexington County identify the site of Granby, once known as the Congarees. Here an Indian trading post was built in 1718. By 1754 this had grown into an important river depot and the seat of old Lexington District. The Cayce House, built in 1765 and surviving until modern times, was fortified during the Revolution and served as a major British stronghold from 1780 until its capture on 15 May 1781 by Lee's Legion.

Fort Johnson

Fort Johnson, James Island, Charleston. The principal fort guarding Charleston from naval attack in colonial times, Fort Johnson protected royal officials and papers during the Stamp Act crisis. When the Provincial Congress seized all authority in South Carolina after Lexington and Concord, one of its first acts was to order the capture of Fort Johnson. The royal governor learned of this and started dismantling the fort, and the Patriots found only five British guards when they occupied Fort Johnson on 15 September 1775. No resistance was put up by the British; the twenty heavy guns of the fort were soon back in battery and they took part (ineffectually) in repulsing the attack nine months later on Sullivan's Island. The first flag of South Carolina was designed by Colonel William Moultrie and flown here after his troops occupied Fort Johnson. Maintenance was not kept up, and the fort was easily captured by the British from the land side when they attacked Charleston in early 1780. The brick powder magazine remains standing on the site of Fort Johnson, whose grounds are presently occupied by the Marine Laboratory of the College of Charleston. To visit the site, phone (843) 953-9200.

Fort Motte

Fort Motte, on the Congaree River near its junction with the Wateree. The fortified mansion of the widow Rebecca Brewton Motte at this point on the old trail from Charleston to the backcountry was the principal British supply depot during their occupation of South Carolina. Motte was living in a nearby farmhouse when Patriot forces under Francis Marion and Harry Lee arrived on 8 May 1781 from their victory at Fort Watson to besiege the British garrison of 150 infantry and a few visiting dragoons. The Americans had started digging trenches for a formal siege when they learned that Lord Rawdon was abandoning Camden, and there was danger that he would rescue the Fort Motte garrison on his way south to the Charleston area.

Lee conceived the plan of quickly capturing the fort by using fire arrows to ignite the shingle roof of Motte's home, whereupon the patriotic lady not only granted her permission but also produced a fine East Indian bow and a bundle of arrows. When the approach trenches were within range, one of Marion's men lobbed two flaming arrows onto the roof, American artillery prevented the British firefighters from knocking burning shingles to the ground, and the defenders put up the white flag. The fire was then extinguished, and Motte served dinner to the British and American officers.

A village grew up around the Revolutionary War post, and the name Fort Motte survives on the highway map and in the Southern Railway system. Patriotic ladies of the twentieth century erected a granite marker on the site of Rebecca Motte's home in 1909, but this has since been abandoned in an overgrown area 1.5 miles straight-line distance northeast of Fort Motte village. The monument is shown on the Calhoun County highway map, but as of this writing is buried in the brush about half a mile from the nearest road. A DAR chapter is named for this prolific woman, and recent scholars of the American Revolution, intent on directing more attention toward women from this era, have done extensive research on Rebecca Motte's role in the war. Fort Motte is also known as the Mount Joseph Plantation, and is privately owned.

Fort Moultrie

Fort Moultrie. Seesullivan's island.

Fort Watson

Fort Watson, Santee River (now Lake Marion). Preserved in a small, fenced park on the edge of Lake Marion near the northeast end of the highway bridges (I-95; U.S. 15 and 301) is the Indian mound where the British constructed a fort on their line of communications from Charleston to Camden. Named for the British Guards officer John Watson Tadwell Watson (1748–1826), who became a full colonel in 1783 and a full general in 1808, it was this officer's base of operations to defend the British supply lines against raids by American partisans. The fort comprised a small but strong stockade on top of the 30-foot-high mound (whose flat top is today a rough oval about 75 feet long and 50 feet wide), with three rings of abatis. Known earlier as Wright's Bluff, the site was on the edge of Scott's Lake, then part of the swamp-lined Santee River, and it had a commanding view over the bare plain by which an enemy would approach.

In mid-February 1781 General Thomas Sumter ordered General Francis Marion to join him for a campaign that was supposed to touch off a great uprising of patriotic militia along the Santee. The operation was premature; the British were at this time reinforcing security detachments along their extended line of communications, and Sumter was forced to scurry northward after failing in his efforts around Fort Granby, Belleville Plantation, and Fort Watson. His mismanaged attack against the last place on 28 February 1781 cost him heavy losses, and he suffered another reverse on Lynches River near modern Bishopville (see ratcliff's bridge) before temporarily calling off his private war to liberate South Carolina. (See camden for his negative role in the Battle of Hobkirk Hill.)

When General Nathanael Greene's regulars pushed into South Carolina after forcing Cornwallis to abandon his offensive in North Carolina, the time had come to start reducing British outposts between Charleston and Camden. The British, meanwhile, were making their last major effort to wipe out the partisan bands that had given them so much trouble, and Watson was given about half of Lord Rawdon's available field forces—some five hundred regulars and Loyalists—to run the "Swamp Fox" to ground and wipe him out. But Marion had been reinforced by the legion of "Light Horse Harry" Lee, and the fox turned against the hounds.

Lee linked up with Marion on 14 April 1781, and the next evening they invested the British garrison of eighty regulars and forty Loyalists under Lieutenant McKay at Fort Watson. Colonel Watson, meanwhile, had run himself ragged in trying to catch Marion, and had then been forced to take refuge at the British base of Georgetown. But the British and Americans around Fort Watson did not know that Colonel Watson would move from Georgetown to rejoin Rawdon at Camden (instead of coming to the relief of Fort Watson), and there was the very real threat that he might appear over the horizon.

Lieutenant McKay heroically declined the traditional surrender demand. When the besiegers seized his water point on the lake he quickly improvised a system whereby water from the lake filled a newly dug well. Lacking artillery and fearing the intervention of a British relief column, the Americans were becoming worried when Colonel Hezekiah Maham came up with the suggestion for building a type of siege tower that subsequently bore his name. Used successfully here and in later sieges, the Maham Tower was a fabricated crib of notched logs, rectangular in plan and topped by a protected platform from which fire could be delivered into a fort. Of flexible design, it could be made of varying heights and could serve as a platform for small cannon (see augusta under Georgia).

It took five days to prepare the logs, but a company of riflemen started delivering plunging fire into the fort at dawn on 23 April. When two assault parties attacked the abatis and the marksmen on the tower kept the defenders pinned down behind their stockade, Lieutenant McKay surrendered his garrison. Patriot losses were only two killed and six wounded.

Fort Watson was the first important British post retaken in the liberation of South Carolina. Rawdon abandoned Camden on 10 May and withdrew to Moncks Corner as the Patriots took Orangeburg, Fort Motte, and Fort Granby during the period 11 to 15 May.

To reach Fort Watson, take Exit 102 on I-95, look for the sign on U.S. 15 and 301 (named "Highway to Southern Living") about 8 miles southwest of Summerton and a little less than a mile short of the Lake Marion bridge. This highway also features the "Swamp Fox Murals Trail," a series of viewable, artful murals that demonstrate and honor the exploits of General Francis Marion. Drive northwest for about a mile to the site, passing the patrol station of the Santee National Wildlife Refuge. Plainly visible on the edge of the lake and indicated by a historical marker is the Indian mound with several flights of wooden stairs leading up one side.

Francis Marion and Sumter National Forest

Francis Marion and Sumter National Forest, northeast of Charleston, Berkeley, and Charleston Counties. These two parks make up nearly 600,000 acres. Although this remarkable reservation is not especially identified with the heroes for whom it is named, it deserves special mention in this guide for two reasons. First, it includes the following sites: Biggin Bridge and Church, Wadboo Bridge and Plantation (proposed Waterhorn Historic Area), Quinby Bridge and Plantation, a stretch of the King's Highway, St. James Santee Church, Hampton Plantation, and Leneud's Ferry (now Jamestown Bridge). Second, an exceptionally fine map is available through normal tourist information channels that shows not only these sites within the national forest but also the important historic landmarks to the west, along the Cooper River. These include Goose Creek (St. James) Church, Strawberry (the ferry site, the settlement itself, and the chapel), Moncks Corner, and Mepkin Plantation. For further information on this vast area call or write to the park itself. USDA Forest Service, 4931 Broad River Road, Columbia, S.C. 29212; phone: (803) 561-4000.

Georgetown

Georgetown, Winyah Bay, Georgetown County. The Pee Dee and three other rivers empty into the bay here to form one of the state's three major harbors. Georgetown was founded in 1735, became a busy port, and was surrounded by prosperous indigo and rice plantations. Parallel streets, most of them retaining such old royal names as Prince, Duke, King, Queen, and Orange, divide a quiet residential district of some thirty blocks in the center of Georgetown, where many eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century homes, churches, and public buildings are preserved. Visitors may find remnants of the wharves along the Sampit River behind Front Street, where planters pulled in during colonial days to do their shopping, including for slaves, and where until not long ago the merchants of Front Street did as much business out of their back doors as on the street.

When the British occupied South Carolina in 1780 they established a small garrison in Georgetown. Francis Marion raided the town on 15 November 1780 and, supported by Lee's Legion, on 24 January 1781. In late July 1781 a body of General Sumter's irregulars plundered Loyalists in Georgetown, and the British retaliated by virtually destroying the town on 2 August.

Near Georgetown on S.C. 45 is the site of Belle Isle Plantation, where Francis Marion's family may have come to live when he was about six years old, and which his brother Gabriel owned at the time of the Revolution. Its handsome gardens are open to the public. Featured there is the Marion family cemetery, containing the remains of General Marion and his wife, among other descendents. Across the bay from here you can see North Island, where Lafayette and Kalb landed on 13 June 1777 to join the Patriot cause as volunteers.

Prince George Winyah Church, on Broad Street at Highmarket, about in the center of historic Georgetown, is a charming little brick structure of 1750 with a huge but graceful belfry dating from 1824. Phone: (843) 546-4358. British occupation troops used it as a stable. Annual tours of private plantations and town houses are sponsored in the spring by the Women of Prince George Winyah Episcopal Church. Phone: (843) 543-8291.

The Masonic Temple at Prince and Screven Streets was built in 1740 and long used as an inn. Washington addressed the Masons here in 1790.

The Georgetown Chamber of Commerce provides local historic site information through its website, newsletter, and pamphlets. Website: www.georgetownchamber.com; phone: (843) 546-8436.

Givhan's Ferry State Park

Givhan's Ferry State Park, Edisto River, Colleton and Dorchester Counties, about 35 miles northwest of Charleston. One of the principal ferry sites on the Edisto from prehistoric times, Givhan's Ferry is mentioned frequently in literature of the American Revolution. It is preserved as a picturesque place of moss-draped oaks on high bluffs overlooking the dark waters of the Edisto. Fishing, hiking, camping, and picnicking are available. Phone: (843) 873-0692.

Goose Creek (St. James) Church

Goose Creek (St. James) Church, Berkeley County, Vestry Lane, off U.S. 52, about 15 miles northwest of Charleston. Built in 1719 in a prosperous region of old plantations, this parish church was the center of many skirmishes during the Revolution. According to tradition it was spared by the British because local Patriots had not vandalized the royal coat of arms, a re-creation of which may still be seen above the pulpit (the original having been destroyed in the earthquake of 1886). Wade Hampton raided the town on Sunday 15 July 1781, surrounding the church during services and taking several Loyalists prisoners. The pretty little pink-stuccoed brick chapel, which closed in the nineteenth century for lack of parishioners, is well preserved and of exceptional interest. Its cemetery has twenty-seven graves dating back to the mid-eighteenth century.

Great Cane Brake

Great Cane Brake, Reedy River, about 6 miles southwest of Fountain Inn, Greenville County. The successful conclusion of Colonel Richard Richardson's "Snow Campaign" to break up Loyalist mobilization in this backcountry region took place here in late 1775. Reinforced by militia from North Carolina, Richardson had more than four thousand Patriot troops by December, and Loyalist strength started fading away. Only Patrick Cunningham's band of about two hundred men remained in the field. At dawn on 22 December a force under Colonel William Thompson surprised the Loyalists in camp about 4 miles east of the Cherokee boundary line. Cunningham and a few others escaped, but five Loyalists were killed and about 130 captured at a cost of one Patriot wounded.

The "great cane brake" still covers the area, and a highway marker indicates the traditional location of the battle nearby. To find the highway marker, start at Fountain Inn on S.C. 418 and from its intersection with U.S. 276 drive southwest 5.5 miles (just short of the bridge across Reedy River). Turn right on the blacktopped road for a little more than half a mile, and the marker is at a house on the left. The battlefield supposedly is about 500 yards to the northwest, on the south side of the creek that feeds into Reedy River.

Great Savannah

Great Savannah. Seenelson's ferry.

Halfway Swamp

Halfway Swamp. About 10 miles downstream from where the Congaree and Wateree Rivers join to form the Santee there was a "Halfway Swamp" on each side of the Santee. Each was about halfway from Moncks Corner to the Congarees and Camden on main colonial routes. The name survives for the swamp on the right (west) bank, but the Halfway Swamp astride the Old Santee Road to Camden is now Spring Grove Creek. This is the place where Marion had the skirmish in December 1780 that is covered under singleton's mill.

Hammond's Store

Hammond's Store (lost site), Laurens County. On 28 December 1780 Colonel William Washington led his 80 dragoons and 200 mounted militia on a 40-mile ride to Hammond's Store, where they found and brutally cut up a force of 250 Loyalist raiders, killing or wounding 150 and taking 40 prisoner. The next day Colonel Joseph Hayes rode westward and forced Patrick Cunningham to abandon a little fort at Williams' Plantation, only 15 miles north-northeast of Ninety Six. This caused Cornwallis to send Tarleton in pursuit of Morgan, which led ultimately to the dramatic American victory at Cowpens. The sites of Williams' Plantation and Hammond's Store (house) have been lost. If the former was 15 miles north-northeast of Ninety Six, its location would be around where S.C. 72 is intersected 2 miles northeast of Mountville by S.C. 49. Hammond's Storehouse was probably the site of the village of Huntsville that existed in the 1820s about 3 miles due south of the center of modern Clinton.

Hampton Plantation State Historic Site

Hampton Plantation State Historic Site, lower Santee River, Charleston County. Heretofore open only on special occasions, this stately home is known to millions from its photographs. The home of South Carolina's first poet laureate (1934), Archibald Rutledge, a descendant of the original owners, Hampton House and the adjoining 322 acres were purchased by the state for development into a park. The surrounding grounds feature garden-lined paths, and a picnic shelter is included. A gift shop is located inside the house; a special feature there are the poetry books of Mr. Rutledge.

The existing mansion evolved from a small frame structure built in 1735 by Noë Serré. This passed in 1757 to his son-in-law, Daniel Huger Horry, who added a two-story ballroom on one end and a lofty bedchamber on the other. This Horry (there were many famous members of the family) was commissioned in the Second South Carolina Regiment at the start of the Revolution and commanded a company in the defense of Charleston in 1776, but took the oath of allegiance to the crown after the fall of Charleston to the British in May 1780. Little as we may admire his patriotism, we must acknowledge Colonel Horry as a pioneer conservationist, because his political agility is probably what saved Hampton House from destruction by the British.

Daniel Horry's successors, notably Eliza Lucas Pinckney (famous for developing the indigo industry in the South), gave Hampton House its present magnificence, the dominant feature being the six-column portico and pediment. Final touches were added in preparation for the visit of President George Washington in 1791.

Near St. James Santee Church and Wambaw Bridge, Hampton Plantation is on the beaten tourist track of U.S. 17 and 701 16 miles southwest of Georgetown. About a mile west of the Santee River bridge, turn north from the latter highway on S.C. 857 and go about 2.5 miles to the entrance of the plantation; from here a road leads about .75 mile eastward to the mansion. It is open year-round with special limited winter hours. Phone: (843) 546-9361.

Hanging Rock

Hanging Rock, just south of Heath Springs in Lancaster County. A huge boulder on a knob overlooking the creek has given its name to a landmark in this region since before the white man's arrival. The rock does not "hang" in the sense of being precariously balanced. It is a firmly planted boulder of spherical shape, about 25 feet in diameter, with what Benson Lossing in 1849 described as a "concavity … in the form of the quarter of an orange paring, and capacious enough to shelter fifty men from rain."

When the British occupied the backcountry after capturing Charleston in May 1780, they established a major base at Camden and pushed outposts north to Rocky Mount and Hanging Rock. In August, General Thomas Sumter moved simultaneously against both enemy positions, which had been stripped of British regulars and were held by Loyalists. Repulsed at Rocky Mount, Sumter concentrated his forces against the Loyalists at Hanging Rock. The Patriots had considerable success in preliminary skirmishes, but on 6 August were forced to withdraw after a fierce four-hour engagement and leave the Loyalists in possession of the battlefield. Sumter inflicted about four times as many casualties as he himself sustained, but victory was snatched from his grasp because his troops abandoned their military duties to loot the enemy camp and were unable to wipe out the hollow square formed by the Loyalists in the center of their camp.

The site is shown on the highway map of Lancaster County, but the route to the picturesque park around Hanging Rock is somewhat poorly marked. If you follow north from Camden on S.C. 58 you may find this "side trip" marked just south of Heath Springs. Look for a road junction about a mile south of Heath Springs and go east on S.C. 467 for 6 miles; cross the creek and follow a dirt road to the right that leads a few hundred feet to a DAR monument at the base of Hanging Rock. Across the creek to the right is the site of the Loyalist camp and the battle that took place in August 1780. This dirt road circles a collection of large boulders and continues to the famous "hanging rock." The site is comparatively unspoiled by human beings and affords a good view of the surroundings if the trees have shed their leaves.

To find the place from the main highway between Camden and Lancaster, follow S.C. 521 into Heath Springs. In the downtown area, US-521 makes a 90-degree left turn. At this point, SC-15 (Flat Rock Road) continues straight. Take Flat Rock Road about 2.5 miles to Hanging Rock Road, where a historical roadside marker is located. Turn left onto Hanging Rock Road, and Hanging Rock is located on the right immediately after crossing the bridge over Hanging Rock Creek.

Hayne Grave and Homesite

Hayne Grave and Homesite, near Jacksonboro, Colleton County. On S.C. 64 about 1.3 miles north of its junction with U.S. 17 in the settlement of Jacksonboro is a marker to the Isaac Hayne tomb, a mile away at the end of a dirt road. Here at the site of a prosperous plantation, now an undeveloped region of timber operations and hunting camps, is a pathetic family cemetery where vandals have pried off the tops of tombs to look for skeletons.

Isaac Hayne was thirty years old when the Revolution started. Planter, breeder of fine horses, civic leader, slave-owner, joint owner of ironworks in the northern part of the colony (York district), Hayne was also a captain in the militia. He was taken prisoner at Charleston in May 1780 and paroled to his plantation, but when the British subsequently ordered him to join their armed forces, he considered his parole invalidated and took the field as a militia colonel. In July 1781 he was captured, charged with espionage and stirring up insurrection, brought before a court of inquiry (the British later cited the precedent of Major John André), and sentenced to death. On 4 August he was hanged in Charleston. Hayne's "martyrdom" was exploited to accelerate the recruiting of Patriot militia, and "the Hayne affair" was hotly debated in memoirs and histories of the Revolution. (See particularly the analysis by "Light Horse Harry" Lee in his Memoirs and the lengthy rebuttal of Lord Rawdon included in later editions of Lee's work.)

About half a mile across the fields from Hayne's grave, but now about 2.5 miles by road, was Pon Pon Chapel. About 6 miles to the east is Parker's Ferry Battleground, and one participant in the battle at that place mentions seeing the fresh grave of Colonel Hayne.

The skirmish in which Hayne was captured on 7 July within 5 miles of his home was in the Horse Shoe. Formed by Horse Shoe Creek and Chessey Creek, this is astride S.C. 199 and is intersected by S.C. 64 midway between Jacksonboro and Walterboro. Here Major Thomas Fraser with ninety dragoons surprised Hayne's camp, killed fourteen Patriots on the spot, captured Hayne, and liberated the turncoat militia general Andrew Williamson.

High Hills of Santee

High Hills of Santee, Sumter County. Along the east side of the Wateree River is a narrow ridge extending about 40 miles, well known during the Revolution as the High Hills of Santee. The name probably comes from the French santé, health, rather than from the Indian name of the river to the south. To General Nathanael Greene the region was important for its healthful qualities. He withdrew his army into the High Hills for six weeks ending 22 August 1781, after the siege of Ninety Six and before the Battle of Eutaw Springs.

Greene headed for the Hills again after this major engagement on 8 September. Early in December he established a new base at Round O.

In modern times the High Hills have been depopulated, and in this scenic region of good climate and fertile fields there are the ruins of many fine old homes. Manchester State Forest and Poinsett State Park preserve most of the southern half of the High Hills but, curiously, their historic and picturesque name has virtually disappeared. Hikers and mountain bikers can enjoy the Palmetto Trail that runs for 14 miles through this part of the High Hills. Information on the trail and on the area's history is obtainable from the Palmetto Conservation Foundation. Phone: (803) 771-0870. The Borough House, a major landmark of the Revolution, is at Stateburg.

Hopewell (Pickens Home)

Hopewell (Pickens Home), about a mile and a half west and south of the Old Stone Church (see pickens grave), on the Clemson University campus grounds, Pickens County. The house built on a knoll here in 1785 by General Andrew Pickens was later the home of his son and grandson, both of whom became governors of South Carolina. Across the highway north of the house is the site of the oak where Pickens negotiated the Treaty of Hopewell with the Cherokee (28 November 1785), confirming rights of these Indians to most of their land held in 1777.

Hopsewee Plantation

Hopsewee Plantation, lower Santee River, Georgetown County. Birthplace and home of Thomas Lynch, Jr., who was sent as an additional delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776 to assist his ailing father. Young Lynch signed the Declaration of Independence, but he himself was suffering the effects of a fever caught while recruiting a company about a year earlier. Father and son started home to Hopsewee in the fall of 1776, but the father died at Annapolis. The son never recovered his health. In late 1779 he and his wife sailed for better climate and were lost at sea. Hopsewee was built of black cypress around 1740. The mansion has been little altered, and although it lacks the magnificence of nearby Hampton Plantation, it is of great architectural interest. The plantation is open to the public from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday from March through October, but only on Thursday and Friday during the winter months. Phone: (843) 546-7891.

Horse Shoe

Horse Shoe. Skirmish in which Colonel Issac Hayne was captured and General Andrew Williamson was liberated. See hayne grave and homesite.

Hunt's Bluff

Hunt's Bluff, Great Pee Dee River, west of Blenheim 5 miles on S.C. 57. (This road makes a right angle turn to the north at this point; do not turn, but continue on an unimproved road a few hundred yards to the bluff.) In the sharp bend of the river, a group of local Patriots under Major Tristram Thomas captured several British supply boats by using the "Quaker gun trick": making a fake cannon from a log and bluffing the enemy into surrendering. The date was about 26 July 1780. Hunt's Bluff is a picturesque spot high above the Great Pee Dee, an important commercial and military route at the time of the Revolution.

Jacksonboro

Jacksonboro, near Edisto River, U.S. 17, Colleton County. An unattractive stretch on the main coastal highway is all that remains to commemorate the name of the place founded around 1735 and the provincial capital of the state in January to February 1782. The "Jacksonboro Assembly" was historic in that it was the first meeting of the General Assembly after the British overran South Carolina.

Jackson (Andrew) State Historical Park

Jackson (Andrew) State Historical Park, Lancaster County. On U.S. 521, 8 miles north of Lancaster. A five-room log house, similar to the one in which Andrew Jackson was born (1767) at this place, is a museum of the rugged frontier settlement of the Waxhaws. In his early teens, when Loyalist raiders and British regulars battled Patriot partisans and Continental troops throughout this region, several members of Jackson's family took part in several actions. During the Battle of Hobkirk Hill near Camden in April 1781, Jackson and his brother Robert were imprisoned in Camden for having been present at a Patriot gathering. When a British officer told young Andrew to clean his boots, the boy refused on the grounds that such service was demeaning. The officer swung his sword, and in warding off the blow Andrew was cut on the left hand and head. His father had died just before Andrew's birth, his brother Hugh was killed in 1779, Robert died of wounds or the effects of disease contracted in the Camden jail (where the boys were held two months and where Andrew almost died of smallpox and mistreatment), and his mother died soon after moving to Charleston to serve as a nurse. Only fourteen at this time, having known war in the Waxhaws since he was nine, Jackson went on to become the seventh president of the United States.

The reconstructed blockhouse-home and the museum give an indication of what life was like on the Carolina frontier at the time of the Revolution. There is an equestrian statue of a young Andrew Jackson, and the 360-acre park also has recreational facilities. Phone: (803) 285-3344.

Juniper Spring

Juniper Spring, near Gilbert, Lexington County. Colonel Charles Mydeltons's force of 150 men from Sumter's command with the mission of harassing the British column enroute to save Ninety Six was ambushed and routed by Major John Coffin. The action took place about 18 June 1781 just northwest of Gilbert, where Juniper Creek begins. (The latter name survives.)

Kings Mountain

Kings Mountain. This national military park is just south of the North Carolina-South Carolina line off Interstate 85.

A murderous, bushwacking civil war was waged in the backcountry of the Carolinas between bands of Patriots and Loyalists. After the British captured Charleston (12 May 1780), Major Patrick Ferguson was given the mission of organizing Loyalist militia, and by June he had an army of about four thousand.

Ferguson had a flair for this work. Born into a good Scottish family (1744), he had been appointed a cornet in the Scots Greys at the age of fourteen. In 1768 he purchased a captaincy in the Seventieth Foot and served with it in putting down a slave uprising in the West Indies at Tobago. Impressed by the reputation gained by American riflemen in the early stages of the Revolution, Ferguson made an abortive attempt to introduce a new type of rifle into the British army. He invented an excellent repeating military rifle that was a century ahead of its time, and was doing well with an experimental body of riflemen when his right arm was permanently crippled at the Brandywine in September 1777. Although his force was disbanded and most of his rifles put in permanent storage (only two are known to still exist), Ferguson continued to impress his superiors with his "partisan abilities." In the summer of 1780 he was an officer marked for a long and illustrious career.

With his army of southern Loyalists and a few hand-picked veterans from northern militia units, Patrick Ferguson then undertook operations in the western portions of the two Carolinas.

A number of important raids and skirmishes occurred, and in July a force of six hundred "Over Mountain Men" arrived on the scene under the command of Colonel Isaac Shelby (see sycamore shoals and fort watauga sites under Tennessee). Patriot militia from Georgia and South Carolina were also in the area, commanded by Colonel Elijah Clark. The two Whig leaders had some success and were considering an attack on Ferguson's base at Ninety Six when the American disaster at Camden forced them to retreat hastily toward Gilbert Town (now Rutherfordton), North Carolina. Ferguson was in hot pursuit and only thirty minutes behind them when he got orders to attend an important conference.

Cornwallis told Ferguson he was preparing to invade North Carolina. The strategy was for the main British force under Cornwallis to overrun the centers of Rebel strength at Charlotte and Salisbury. Then the British could link the two Loyalist strongholds around Cross Creek (Fayetteville) and Gilbert Town, and the rebellion in the South would be crushed. Ferguson had already been as far north as Gilbert Town, and he assured Cornwallis that he had enough Loyalist support there to dominate the entire region.

With little opposition, Ferguson entered Gilbert Town and quickly convinced himself that his pacification program was a complete success. About the only organized militia resistance left was some 30 miles north, where Colonel McDowell's Burke County militia had not proved to be particularly troublesome. Even farther north were other backcountry militia, and way over the Blue Ridge Mountains were some scattered white settlements.

Before withdrawing temporarily from Gilbert Town on 10 September, Ferguson sent a warning to Colonel Shelby that if the mountaineers did not cease rebellion he would invade their territory, hang their leaders, and "lay their country waste with fire and sword." The addressees of this communication and a few other local chiefs had already decided to take care of Ferguson before he became more of a threat. The Loyalists had raided as close to them as Old Fort, in North Carolina, and having recently returned from a successful expedition against the Indian Confederation of the Ohio, the frontiersmen believed that this was a good time to attack the troublesome Loyalists on their eastern front.

Sycamore Shoals (now in Tennessee) was the place for the rendezvous of Patriot forces on 25 September. In response to the call for help, four hundred Virginia militiamen reported under the command of their gigantic leader, William Campbell. (The National Park Service pamphlet on Kings Mountain says, in eighteenth-century cadences, "As William Campbell reached maturity, he stood 6 1/2 feet tall, was amiable when not enraged, and devoted to the cause of liberty.") There were five hundred Tennessee volunteers, and, strictly speaking, these were the only true "Over Mountain Men" at Kings Mountain; they were equally divided between the commands of Colonels Isaac Shelby and John Sevier.

Snow lay ankle-deep on the crest of the Blue Ridge when the column passed Gillespie Gap, North Carolina, but the 90-mile march to Quaker Meadows, North Carolina, was covered in five days. Here the forces of Campbell, Shelby, and Sevier were joined by North Carolina militia under Colonel Charles McDowell (160 strong), Benjamin Cleveland, and Major Joseph Winston (another 350 men from Wilkes and Surry Counties in the upper Yadkin region).

The Patriots thought that Ferguson was still at Gilbert Town, about 30 miles southwest, and on 1 October they started cautiously in that direction. But agents had informed Ferguson of the Patriots' departure from Sycamore Shoals, and he had withdrawn south on 27 September. The Loyalist leader had also been informed that Clark might be moving north to cooperate with the other Whigs in getting him, and on 30 September two deserters from the Sycamore Shoals column joined Ferguson and gave him further information. After moving due south toward Ninety Six to deceive his pursuers and also to intercept Clark, Ferguson then turned east toward Charlotte. He took his time, however, because the Patriots were moving with great caution, and he was expecting reinforcements from all quarters—from the Loyalists in his "pacified" province, from Ninety Six, and from Cornwallis. None of this help arrived, however. When he stopped for two days at the plantation of the Loyalist Tate, 50 miles from Charlotte, Ferguson sent Cornwallis a message on 5 October saying, "I am on my march towards you, by a road leading from Cherokee Ford, north of Kings Mountain." He sent a message the next day saying: "I arrived today at Kings Mountain & have taken a post where I do not think I can be forced by a stronger enemy than that against us."

As the Loyalists established their camp on top of a ridge that rose some 60 feet from the surrounding countryside, the Patriot force was camped 21 miles to the west at a place called "Hannah's Cowpens." Here their total strength was raised to about 1,800 by the arrival of 400 South Carolina militia under Colonel James Williams.

The future heroes of Kings Mountain had succeeded in mustering a remarkably large militia force, holding it in some semblance of order, and getting within striking distance of their quarry. Initially fooled by Ferguson's movement due south from Gilbert Town (see above), the Patriots eventually picked up Ferguson's trail. On 6 October, when they made camp at "the Cowpens," a spy confirmed earlier reports that their quarry was at Kings Mountain. But now there was a real danger that he would escape. If they waited until morning to move, Ferguson could leave Kings Mountain at the same time and be halfway to Charlotte when they reached Kings Mountain. They could not assume that the Loyalists planned to stand fast where they were, and as a matter of fact historians have since wondered how Ferguson could have made this mistake. The Patriot leaders therefore decided to march forward after dark. About nine hundred of the best horsemen started at 8 p.m., followed by the rest of the mounted men and the "footmen" as quickly as possible.

The night was dark and rainy. The path led through rough country, and there was the danger of bumping into enemy patrols or of being detected by Loyalists who would alert Ferguson. Men got lost during the night and had to be rounded up the next morning. Having followed Ferguson's route during the night, the Patriots made a detour around Tate's Plantation on the Broad River to avoid the possibility of finding a delaying force there, and they crossed the river 2.5 miles downstream at Cherokee Ford. The rain had stopped but a light drizzle kept up, and the riflemen had to take precautions to keep their weapons dry. Some of the leaders recommended calling a temporary halt to rest the flagging horses and men, but Shelby kept them going.

About a mile from their objective the Patriot troops dismounted, hitched their horses, and made their final preparations. Their opponents on the ridge ahead were totally unaware of their predicament.

The Scotsman Ferguson was the only non-American among the 1,100 officers and men gathered on Kings Mountain. Ferguson's second in command was a captain of the Fourth ("King's") American Regiment, Abraham De Peyster. He was from an illustrious and wealthy New York family, and his uncle (Arent Schuyler De Peyster) and two brothers were Loyalist officers.

The plan of attack adopted by the Americans was simplicity itself: to infiltrate into assault positions around the base of the ridge, completely encircling the enemy before he detected their presence, and attack simultaneously from all directions. Skill and luck were both on the side of the Patriots this day. The militia officers got their men into their assigned positions, and they achieved surprise in the military sense of "accomplish your purpose before the enemy can effectively react." As for luck, the Loyalists were incredibly lax in outposting their camp to prevent surprise, and the expected reinforcements from Cornwallis did not arrive

Kings Mountain is shaped like the sole of a giant foot. Ferguson's camp was on the front portion. At about 3 p.m. a Loyalist detachment fired on a column of troops that was advancing toward the heel of the foot, but other Patriot forces had already moved undetected toward the places where they would start working their way to the top of the ridge. Sevier and Campbell were the first to become heavily engaged, and their attack was against the back of the heel. Then Shelby attacked on their left, and the three Rebel forces converged toward the high ground at the heel. The fight seesawed back and forth as Loyalist counterattacks hit one threatened point after another, but the attackers won the high ground. As the surviving defenders fought a delaying action across the narrow part of the foot toward their camp, the other Patriot forces started their attack on all sides of the front end of the foot. Well thinned out by the fire of the Patriots, many of whom were at pistol range and just could not miss, the surviving Loyalists tried to make a stand behind the wagons in their bivouac. White flags popped up here and there, but Ferguson and his officers raced around, cutting them down and shouting encouragement to their troops.

When it finally stopped, 157 Loyalists lay dead and 163 were too seriously wounded to be evacuated. All the rest of Ferguson's corps, about 700 officers and men, were prisoners. The attackers are said to have had 28 killed (which is probably an accurate figure) and 62 wounded. (This last figure does not square with the normal ratio of about three wounded for each man killed in this sort of an engagement.) Dr. Uzal Johnson, the New Jersey Loyalist who was the surgeon for the "British," tended all the wounded.

The Patriot army started disintegrating when the battle ended. On Sunday, the day after the battle, the militia who had not already left for home and the prisoners who had not already escaped left Kings Mountain and headed for Gilbert Town. Near here they held a court-martial, convicting thirty Loyalists of various crimes, sentencing twelve to death, and hanging nine. The rest of the prisoners were marched north, many escaping from the careless Patriot militia guards, and the rest being eventually exchanged.

The Kings Mountain battlefield was long avoided, even by the morbidly curious. It was in an area that was inaccessible as late as 1849, when Benson J. Lossing beat his way there gathering material for his monumental Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution. In 1815, however, a veteran of the battle organized an effort to bury the scattered bones left by wolves and to mark the common grave of Major William Chronicle and three others. Patriot organizations eventually got national recognition of the site, and in 1931 the National Military Park was established. This now includes nearly 4,000 acres, and it adjoins Kings Mountain State Park, where there are camping and other recreational facilities. The park is open daily from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Phone: (864) 936-7921.

The site of the battle is well organized. The museum has displays and exhibits explaining the strategy and tactics of the historic American battle. A self-guiding walking tour starts near the museum, where the first shot was fired, and leads to where the first heavy action took place. The trail then passes the peak first captured by the Patriots and follows their route along the ridge to where the battle ended. The spot where Ferguson is believed to have been mortally wounded is marked. A handsome monument, dedicated in 1930 by President Hoover, stands by the traditional rock cairn of Ferguson's grave. Farther along the trail are the Chronicle markers of 1815 and 1914, the spring used by the Loyalists before the battle and later by the wounded of both sides, and the positions from which the Tennessee Over Mountain Men began their attack.

Kingstree

Kingstree, Black River, Williamsburg County. Where the bridge now crosses the river on the southwest edge of Kingstree, there once stood a white pine blazed with the broad arrow that meant it was reserved for the king's use, destined to become a mast for the Royal Navy. Around this great tree in 1732 a body of Irish Calvinists built their clay shelters to establish Williamsburg Township, one of the first nine inland settlements. With Camden and Orangeburg it remains among the survivors of this abortive program.

After the fall of Charleston (May 1780), paroled Patriots of this region became enraged by British depredations and formed four militia companies under Major John James. In August 1780, at what is now the head of Academy Street, they made a stand against raiders led by the notorious Major Wemyss (see fish dam ford). After sustaining heavy losses—some accounts say thirty killed—they rallied and drove the larger force back into Georgetown County. A few months later they became part of the nucleus for Marion's Brigade, forming a company under Major James. A large British raiding force was heading for Kingstree in March 1781 when blocked by Marion at Lower Bridge.

Lafayette-Kalb Landing Site

Lafayette-Kalb Landing Site, North Island, Winyah Bay, Georgetown County. On 13 June 1777 Lafayette landed here with Johann Kalb and other volunteers to seek their military fortunes with the Continental army. They selected this remote spot to elude the British blockade, and North Island remains accessible only by boat today.

Leneud's Ferry

Leneud's Ferry, Santee River on U.S. 17A. Here on 6 May 1780 Tarleton with 150 dragoons decimated a much larger force of Continental dragoons from New Jersey and Virginia under Colonels Anthony Walton White and Abraham Buford. White was falling back on Buford's position around the ferry after a successful raid to the rear of the British expedition that had recently taken Moncks Corner. Unaware that Tarleton was on his trail, White had reached the ferry and was preparing to evacuate his eighteen British prisoners when Tarleton struck. Taken completely by surprise, the Patriots lost about one hundred men killed, wounded, and captured.

The place gets its name from the Lanneau family, Acadians who came here with other refugees from Nova Scotia after their eviction in 1755. Their settlement was about 5 miles west of the present-day Jamestown bridge on U.S. 17A, but because of yellow fever it had not prospered, and many of the Acadians had left before the Revolution. Many variations of Lanneau (now generally "Lenud") are used as the name for this site, but all are mispronounced "Lenoo."

Lower Bridge

Lower Bridge, Black River, 5.5 miles south of Kingstree, Williamsburg County. In the third engagement between Marion and Watson in March 1781 (see wiboo swamp), Marion blocked the British drive toward Kingstree. The battle took place where S.C. 377 now crosses Black River.

Lynches River

Lynches River, 6 March 1781. Seeratcliff's bridge.

Manigault's Ferry

Manigault's Ferry, Santee River just below junction of Congaree and Wateree Rivers, Calhoun County. On 23 February 1781, the day after his abortive attack at Belleville Plantation, Sumter captured a supply train here on its way to Fort Motte.

Marion Tomb

Marion Tomb, Belle Isle Plantation site, Berkeley County. North of Lake Moultrie and east of Lake Marion, about a mile north of S.C. 45, is the simple but handsome tomb of General Francis Marion, the legendary "Swamp Fox." There is no proof that Marion's parents lived at this Belle Isle Plantation, or at the one near Georgetown, as one reads in tourist guides. But Francis did live at various times in the house built by his brother Gabriel at this first-mentioned "Belle Isle." The house survived until modern times. Francis built his own home, Pond Bluff, a few miles to the southwest (see below).

Marion's reputation as a partisan leader was established at numerous places identified throughout this book's section on South Carolina. When all organized military resistance had been destroyed by the British in the spring of 1780, Marion raised and led the band of irregulars in the coastal region who kept Patriot hopes alive until Continental troops could be sent south to drive the invaders out. What should be said here about General Marion, because it is not apparent from considering his exploits individually, is that he had the capacity for subordinating his operations to the overall strategy directed by his superiors. Brilliant as he was in independent actions, he was the rare partisan who could cooperate with other military commanders in operations not of his own conception and not to his own liking. In this he stands in sharp contrast to General Thomas Sumter.

Elected to the state senate for the session starting at Jacksonboro in early January 1782, Marion had to return almost immediately to resume command of his brigade because his principal subordinates let their personal jealousies stand in the way of their military duties. Moody, introverted, and semiliterate, Sumter had all the military qualities demanded of the situation when he started his career as an unexcelled partisan leader. After the Revolution he held various honorific offices, served off and on in the state senate, and married a wealthy cousin about eight years before his death at the age of sixty-three.

The tomb of Marion is reached by taking S.C. 45 west from Pineville about 3.5 miles and going north 1 mile on a blacktop road. In the bend of the Santee about 3.5 miles beeline to the northwest is Gaillards Island, where Marion had a base for about a month. Running generally south from here into Lake Moultrie is Old Canal, dating from the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century. Near Eadytown, reached by S.C. 45 continuing west and near the mouth of the Diversion Canal, was Pond Bluff, acquired by Marion in 1773. The house burned in 1816, but some of the original furniture is preserved in the present structure built in that year.

Mathew's Bluff

Mathew's Bluff, Savannah River, Allendale County. On 3 March 1779 General Griffith Rutherford was crossing with eight hundred North Carolina militia from this position into Georgia to join General John Ashe when the latter was surprised at Brier Creek and his force annihilated (see this last site in the section on Georgia). In April 1781 a skirmish took place around Mathew's Bluff in which Lieutenant Kemp of the King's Rangers was killed while trying to disperse Patriots who were attacking British boats on the river. The site is at the end of S.C. 41, accessible by road only from the South Carolina side. From U.S. 301 take S.C. 26 south (from the road junction of S.C. 3, 5.7 miles east of the Georgia line). A little less than 9 miles south is the intersection of S.C. 41. Go right (southwest) for 1.4 miles to the boat ramp. (Georgia authorities put Mathew's Bluff about 3 miles farther north on the Savannah, around the place now called Red Bluff Point.)

Mepkin Plantation

Mepkin Plantation, Cooper River about 30 miles above Charleston. Now a Trappist monastery and tree farm, 3,000-acre Mepkin Plantation was the principal holding of Henry Laurens (1724–1792). He was a highly successful merchant and planter (owning several plantations on the Georgia coast and a large tract around Ninety Six), and in the events leading to the American Revolution he became increasingly involved in politics. In 1777 he was elected to the Continental Congress, and in November of that year he started a one-year term as its president during a period of particularly bitter factionalism. Resigning this office in protest, he was elected to negotiate a treaty with the Netherlands, and in September 1780 was captured at sea. The British recovered incriminating documents thrown overboard by Laurens and used these as a pretext for declaring war on the Dutch. Laurens unsuccessfully pleaded diplomatic immunity, was held for treason in the Tower of London for fifteen months, and finally was released on heavy bail and exchanged four months later for Cornwallis. He was indirectly involved in peace negotiations while recuperating at Bath, and took part in the last two days' work in Paris before the preliminary articles were signed. For the next eighteen months he had a semi-official diplomatic role in negotiations between the French and British on the final peace treaty, finally returning to America on the fourth anniversary of his capture. Early the next year, 1785, he retired to spend the last seven years of his life at Mepkin.

Henry's son John had been killed in the skirmish at Combahee Ferry (see combahee ferry and tar bluff) in the final phases of the war. The elder Laurens was in bad health after his own exertions during the Revolution, and he suffered heavy property losses. He stipulated that his body be cremated, a highly unusual practice in eighteenth-century America.

Mepkin's plantation house, long since destroyed, was on one of three fingers of high ground overlooking the river. Simple gateposts on the highway, the mile-long avenue of live oaks, other ancient trees, and the general landscaping of the magnificent site survive, and the Laurens cemetery is preserved. The burial plot has the cenotaph of John Laurens. The chapel and gardens of what is now called Mepkin Abbey are open to the public daily from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Phone: (843) 761-8509. Mepkin Plantation was the last home of dramatist and diplomat Clare Booth Luce and her husband Henry, who was editor of Time and Life magazines. The couple donated the home to the Catholic Church.

Middleton Place Gardens

Middleton Place Gardens, Ashley River, 14 miles northwest of Charleston. In 1741 Henry Middleton built his mansion (destroyed by fire at the end of the Civil War) and started developing the magnificent landscaped gardens that can be seen today. Henry Middleton (1717–1784) was one of the colony's greatest owners of land and slaves. He became leader of the opposition in 1770, was sent to the first Continental Congress, and served as president of that body for about seven months (to May 1775). He resigned his seat in 1776 and was succeeded by his son Arthur, who became a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Arthur Middleton (1742–1787) declined the governorship of South Carolina in 1778, took an active part in the defense of Charleston in 1780, and was a prisoner at St. Augustine for more than a year. Exchanged in July 1781, he returned to Congress. After the war he lived at Middleton Place, which had been partially destroyed by the British in 1780, and his granite tomb is in the gardens.

An English landscape architect and one hundred men spent ten years creating the gardens conceived by Henry Middleton. French botanist André Michaux planted America's first camellias here in 1783; three of the original four still flourish in the midst of their proliferation and other plantings. A link with prehistory in this highly sophisticated landscaping is an Indian trail tree, the Middleton Oak, whose age is nearing one thousand years. The Middleton Place museum official described it in 2005 as the "largest specimen in the garden." The restored south wing was a private residence until 1975, and is now part of the site's house museum tour. The unusual charm of this large Georgian structure in its setting of lush American vegetation can be seen from near and far as you tour the estate. The plantation has an excellent section devoted to slave life, including artisan crafts mastered by some of the fifty slaves on the plantation during the Revolution. Eliza's House, named for its last occupant, Eliza Leach, was the home of a group of freed slaves who stayed on the plantation after emancipation. Many activities are provided in the plantation stableyards, including crafts demonstrations, guided tours, and outdoor activities including mule-drawn wagon rides. The Middleton Place Foundation, formed in 1974, preserved and maintains the site. Website: www.middletonplace.org; phone: (843) 556-6020. It is open year-round and is located at 4300 Ashley River Road, 14 miles north of Charleston.

Mobley's (or Gibson's) Meeting House

Mobley's (or Gibson's) Meeting House, northeast of Jenkinsville, Fairfield County. Patriot militia under Colonel William Bratton, Major Richard Winn, and Captain John McClure dispersed a body of Loyalists at a Baptist meetinghouse in Mobley's settlement. The date probably was in June 1780, the Patriot uprising (as at Beckhamville) being inspired by alarm over Buford's Defeat. Documentary evidence (Winn's supported by British accounts) indicates that the action took place not at Mobley's Meeting House but at Gibson's Meeting House. State historical authorities say the site is on S.C. 247 just north of the bridge over a branch of Little River. (S.C. 247 goes southeast from S.C. 213 at a point .6 mile east of where S.C. 213 joins S.C. 215 about 3 miles north of Jenkinsville.)

Moncks Corner

Moncks Corner, Cooper River about 30 miles north of Charleston. This place, scene of several Revolutionary War skirmishes, takes its name from Thomas Monck, who bought a plantation here in 1735 and established a store on the "corner" formed by the main roads from Charleston north to Murray's Ferry and northwest to the Congarees. When the Revolution started it was an important commercial center, and when the British surrounded Charleston on three sides in April 1780 the Rebels were able to keep open a tenuous line of communications up the Cooper to supply depots at Moncks Corner and Cainhoy (on the Wando River). General Isaac Huger had the mission of protecting these critical points, and was stationed near Moncks Corner with about five hundred Patriot troops.

The British formed a task force to cut the Charleston garrison's last links with the interior. Tarleton's Legion, who were badly in need of horses to replace those lost in the rough passage south from New York, and a force of about 150 British rangers under Patrick Ferguson were the vanguard of this expedition. But the real power was supplied by the Thirty-third Foot, commanded since 1775 by Lieutenant Colonel James Webster. An acting brigadier after distinguishing himself in the northern theater against Washington's army, Webster had overall command of the 1,400 troops in this important operation.

On the evening of 13 April, Tarleton and Ferguson were approaching Moncks Corner from Goose Creek when they captured a slave messenger who revealed the disposition of Patriot forces and became a guide for the British. Tarleton advanced undetected by Patriot patrols and at about 3 a.m. attacked the ineptly organized defenses around Biggin Bridge. The British had only three casualties in overrunning the position, killing about 20 Patriots, capturing approximately 70, taking more than 40 loaded wagons, and picking up between 300 and 400 horses. Webster arrived on 15 April with two regiments to consolidate Tarleton's gains, and the fate of Charleston was sealed.

Moncks Corner of the Revolution was about a mile northeast of the place that perpetuates the name. The site is just south of the U.S. 52 bridge over the canal connecting Lake Moultrie with the Cooper, and this place is opposite the ruins of Biggin Church (see biggin bridge and church).

Motte's Plantation

Motte's Plantation. Seefort motte.

Mount Hope Swamp

Mount Hope Swamp, often referred to as the Battle of Wyboo Swamp, near Santee River, south of Greeleyville, Williamsburg County. About 15 miles eastward on the Old Santee Road from his losing encounter with Marion at Wiboo Swamp on 6 March 1781, Colonel John Watson's column was again stopped. Colonel Hugh Horry of Marion's command had destroyed the bridge across Mount Hope Swamp and established a defensive position. Watson had to deploy and use his artillery to drive the Patriots back. Striking toward Kingstree, Watson was blocked next at Lower Bridge.

To trace the line of operations from Wiboo Swamp to Mount Hope Swamp, follow the route of the Old Santee Road. From I-95 Exit 115 take Historic U.S. 301 north. Turn south (right) onto S.C. 260, then turn right on Patriot Road (Secondary Road 410). The site is at the end of the road.

Mulberry Plantation

Mulberry Plantation, Cooper River about 30 miles above Charleston. Privately owned and not open to the public, Mulberry Plantation qualifies as a National Historic Landmark. Its ricefields, dikes, and canals survive in a good state of preservation. The mansion, part of it dating from 1714 and major alterations from 1800, is in excellent condition and of considerable architectural importance. During the Yamassee War of 1715 to 1716 the plantation house was fortified, and British commanders used it as a headquarters during the Revolution.

A sign to Mulberry Plantation is on U.S. 52, 3 miles south of the Moncks Corner town line, and the mansion is a little more than 2 miles due east.

Murray's Ferry

Murray's Ferry, Santee River, Berkeley-Williamsburg County lines. Between Moncks Corner and Kingstree, a long causeway takes U.S. 52 over the Santee Swamp, following the trace of the colonial road. The modern bridge marks the site of Murray's Ferry, where the British established a post after taking Charleston during May 1780. Marion's part-time home, Belle Isle Plantation (see marion tomb), was within 7 miles of this ferry (beeline distance); in the latter part of the Revolution he had a base nearby at Cantey's Plantation. According to some sources, Marion captured the British base at Murray's Ferry on 23 August 1780.

Musgrove's Mill State Historic Site

Musgrove's Mill State Historic Site, Enoree River, about 27 miles south of Spartanburg near the bridge on S.C. 56. From 56, go approximately 7 miles northeast of Exit 52 on I-26. An important skirmish around Musgrove's Mill, particularly significant because it was one of the few times the untrained American militia defeated professional British troops, took place on 18 August 1780. The National Survey puts "Musgrove's Mill Battlefield, Union County," in the category of "Sites Also Noted."

The fight came about because Colonel Isaac Shelby and Lieutenant Colonels Elijah Clark and James Williams were sent to break up a concentration of Loyalists at Musgrove's Mill. A large expedition of Loyalists under Major Patrick Ferguson had advanced through this region from Ninety Six into North Carolina, and the Patriots were rallying to stamp out what could have developed into a large-scale Loyalist uprising in the backcountry of the Carolinas. The Patriots discovered that the Loyalists around the mill had been reinforced by British regulars, so instead of carrying out their original plan of launching a surprise attack, the Americans took up a defensive position just north of the Enoree and near the mouth of Cedar Creek. They then succeeded in luring the enemy into an ambuscade, killing 63, wounding 90, and capturing 70 with the loss of only 4 Patriots killed and 8 wounded.

The triumph was due primarily to the success of Captain Shadrack Inman and 25 volunteers who drew the British regulars and Loyalist militia into the main Patriot position organized on a ridge just north of the ford. Although outnumbered 500 to 200, the troops of Shelby, Clark, and Williams waited coolly behind a hasty breastwork until the unsuspecting enemy had charged within point-blank range. Inman was fatally wounded by a retreating Loyalist.

Inman's grave is on the ridge just north of the river and alongside S.C. 56. It is generally agreed that this is where the action ended. The county to the south, in which the mill itself was located and where the Loyalists camped, has tried to claim the battlefield, and a historical marker established north of the river in Union County was improperly moved south of the river into Laurens County. The Patriot camp on the eve of the battle was along Cedar Creek in the southeast tip of Spartanburg County, roughly 3 miles from where Captain Inman was buried. It is possible that the Patriot defensive lines were in Spartanburg County, perhaps between Cedar Creek and the Enoree. The old frame house of the Musgroves, used as headquarters by the British during the battle, was burned by vandals in late 1971. The state purchased the property and developed the attractive grounds into a park in the early 2000s. The battlefield has been preserved, and a series of interpretive panels in the park's visitors center chronicle the battle. The park offers picnicking, fishing, and hiking, and is open 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. all days except Tuesday and Wednesday. Phone: (864) 938-0100.

Nelson's Ferry

Nelson's Ferry (lost site), Santee River (now Lake Marion). The major crossing place of the upper Santee River, about 9 miles downstream from Fort Watson, Nelson's Ferry is mentioned frequently in Revolutionary War literature of South Carolina. In the same area, and also lost beneath the waters of Lake Marion, was Great Savannah, where Thomas Sumter's plantation was located. (Some sources indicate that this plantation, burned by Tarleton's men in the summer of 1780, was 6 miles above Nelson's Ferry. Others say it was just north of the ferry. But the names Nelson's Ferry and Great Savannah are used synonymously in many accounts.) As a newly commissioned brigadier of state militia, Francis Marion on 20 August 1780 surprised a guard of British regulars at Sumter's abandoned plantation and liberated 150 Maryland Continentals who had been captured four days earlier at Camden.

The flooded site is on the county line due north of Eutawville.

Ninety Six

Ninety Six, Greenwood County. Astride S.C. 248 about 2 miles south of the present village of Ninety Six and identified by historical markers on the highway are extensive remains of the settlement and fortifications of Old Ninety Six.

The place-name derives from the erroneous idea that the distance to Fort Prince George, the frontier outpost on the end of the Charleston Path, was 96 miles. In 1730 a trading post was established at Ninety Six. This formed the nucleus for a sizable fortified settlement that grew up during the next two decades, and in 1769 it was selected as the first place for construction of an upcountry courthouse. When the split with England evolved, Loyalist sentiments prevailed in this region as they did in Augusta and the backcountry of Georgia, some 45 miles due south; close military ties existed throughout the Revolution between these two Loyalist strongholds.

Between August and November 1775 there were three confrontations between Patriots and Loyalists that brought opposing factions to Ninety Six. In each case the Patriots were forced to back off in the face of superior Loyalist strength before there was any significant bloodshed, but these uprisings are interesting because they involved leaders who became well-known in the history of the Revolution. On the Patriot side were William H. Drayton, the Reverend William Tennent, and Major Andrew Williamson. Loyalist leaders were Thomas Fletchall, Moses Kirkland, Robert and Patrick Cunningham, and Thomas Brown.

When the British shifted their main military effort to the South, they established principal Loyalist strongholds at Augusta and Ninety Six. In the summer of 1780, after the fall of Charleston, a force of about four thousand Loyalists was raised at Ninety Six by Majors Patrick Ferguson and George Hanger to rally Loyalist supporters in the backcountry of the two Carolinas. Ferguson's advance toward the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina intensified the bloody warfare between Whigs and Loyalists in this spacious frontier region, but led to the great Patriot victory at Kings Mountain. Fear for the security of Ninety Six a few months later caused General Cornwallis to send Tarleton in pursuit of General Dan Morgan, which ended with another American triumph, the Battle of Cowpens. Meanwhile, a relief column from Ninety Six enabled Colonel Thomas Brown to hold Augusta.

In May 1781 the Rebel field army under General Nathanael Greene besieged Augusta and Ninety Six simultaneously, forcing the British to abandon Camden because their lines of communication to Charleston were being destroyed by Greene's operations. Augusta fell because no outside help could be furnished, and Ninety Six then bore the full weight of Greene's efforts.

The defenses of Ninety Six at this time consisted of the stockaded village of that name, a strong redoubt shaped like a star and encircled by abatis and a ditch, and a detached work called Fort Holmes off the opposite corner of the fortified village. A ravine separated Fort Holmes from the village, but a covered way permitted the defenders to shift forces safely between the outwork and the main defensive position. The post had a garrison of 550 Loyalist troops: Colonel Andrew Devaux's South Carolina militia (200 strong), the New Jersey Volunteers (200), and De Lancey's New York Volunteers (the Third Battalion, numbering 150 officers and men). Their commander was Colonel John Harris Cruger, scion of a prominent New York family, who had come south with the British expedition that took Savannah. After leading the First Battalion, De Lancey's Volunteers (Cruger was a son-in-law of the senior Oliver De Lancey), in the capture and subsequent defense of Savannah, Colonel Cruger had succeeded Colonel Nisbet Balfour as commander at Ninety Six in August 1780. (See also augusta, under Georgia.)

General Greene reached Ninety Six on 21 May 1781 to undertake the siege of this bastion. Having detached Lee's Legion to reinforce General Andrew Pickens's siege of Augusta, Greene had about one thousand Continentals and an unknown number of ineffective militia troops initially. When the siege was into the nineteenth day (8 June), Lee and Pickens joined Greene to play a major role at Ninety Six.

Meanwhile, Greene's operations were along lines recommended by his engineer officer, Colonel Thaddeus Kosciuszko, a Lithuanian-born and French-trained officer who had joined his staff after serving four years in the North. He had distinguished himself as a military engineer in planning the defenses of the Delaware River in 1776, in stopping Burgoyne's offensive in New York, and in fortifying West Point. In North Carolina he had played a key role in planning Greene's operations. But the siege of Ninety Six was his first experience in formal siegecraft, and he made two errors: instead of giving first priority to cutting off the defenders' water supply in the ravine to the west, Kosciuszko started digging regular approaches toward the star redoubt, and he also began these works too close to the enemy's positions.

Cruger had only three small cannon (3-pounders), but he mounted them on an elevated platform, and under cover of a surprise fire of artillery and small arms, sent out a raiding party that destroyed Kosciuszko's initial work. The Rebels backed off, and it took them eleven days to complete the second leg of their zigzag approach and regain the point from which they had first started. Loyalist raiding parties had continued to interrupt the work, but Greene was now able to bring his light artillery to bear. (He had no proper siege guns.)

When Lee arrived, he began siege operations against Cruger's water supply in the ravine west of the village. Kosciuszko had meanwhile put men to work on a tunnel north of the star redoubt and was getting along well until the defenders started getting vibrations and sent patrols out to check. They not only found the tunnel, overrunning a gun battery on the way, but they also found and wounded Kosciuszko—in "the seat of honor," as one contemporary British writer put it.

The Americans erected a Maham Tower (see fort watson), but the Loyalists countered by raising the parapets with sandbags. The attackers used fire arrows (see fort motte), but the defenders stripped the shingle roofs from their buildings. When Lee's siege works got so close on the west side that Loyalist guards had to be withdrawn from the water supply, naked African American Loyalists sneaked out at night to get water. The defenders dug a 40-foot well through heavy clay within the star redoubt, but they did not find water. (Vestiges of the hole have survived.)

Cruger's food supply was adequate, but his soldiers and the refugees at Ninety Six suffered from the scorching sun, lack of water, and the artillery bombardment. Greene's troops had started the fourth week of their siege when word came from General Sumter that a British relief column from Charleston was coming his way. Sending General Andrew Pickens and Colonel William Washington with all the American cavalry to reinforce Sumter, and calling on Marion to do the same, Greene hoped to block the force from Charleston until he could force Cruger to surrender. Simultaneous assaults were launched against the star redoubt and Fort Holmes at noon on 18 June. Captain Michael Rudolph of Lee's Legion fought his way into the latter position, but the 150 New York Loyalists in the redoubt repulsed the attack and then sallied forth to drive the Patriots back with heavy losses before they could reorganize for a renewed effort. The next day Greene withdrew, and on 21 June, Lord Rawdon reached Ninety Six with two thousand British regulars.

The twenty-eight-day siege cost Greene about 150 men (killed, wounded, and missing), and Cruger lost about half that number. But the best indication of the effort made by the defenders is that fifty of Lord Rawdon's men died of sunstroke during their withdrawal to Charleston, and Rawdon was invalided back to England. (A young officer of twenty-seven at this time, he recovered to become a full general, governor-general of India, the first marquess of Hastings, and in his declining years, governor and commander in chief at Malta. See camden.)

Although Greene had suffered another tactical defeat at Ninety Six, he had taken another step toward strategic victory. The British abandoned this last backcountry post and consolidated their forces along the coast. Greene rested his army in the High Hills of Santee before resuming operations that achieved the final liberation of the South in December 1782, when the British evacuated Charleston.

Fortunately for historic preservation, the village of Ninety Six was displaced 2 miles due north when the railroad came through in 1855. The ruins of old Ninety Six are therefore in country that has been spared urbanization. Benson Lossing quotes a letter he received in 1849 from a gentleman in old Cambridge, a village very near old Ninety Six: "The trees and shrubbery on the battle-ground are considered by the inhabitants too sacred to be molested." The major landmarks are remarkably well preserved by the federal government, which implemented a National Historic Site on the grounds in 1976. Outlines of the star redoubt are covered by scattered trees and bushes, but the earthworks, 4 to 5 feet high, are clearly discernible. Within their perimeter is a great depression, the vestige of the 40-foot well dug by the Loyalists. Part of Kosciuszko's abortive tunnel is still there. Other identifiable landmarks are the ravine where the defenders got their water (a creek named Springs Branch), the level area where 582 Patriots under Major Andrew Williamson had a three-day battle with about three times as many Loyalists in November 1775 (around Fort Holmes, see below), the site of the old brick jail used as a stronghold by Cruger's Loyalists, and the site of the courthouse completed in 1772 and used as barracks in 1780 to 1782. Also to be seen on a one-mile walking tour are vestiges or locations of the defenses and siege works of 1781, the village, and the wooded area where a large burial ground rests, although the origin of its inhabitants is yet to be determined. Rumored to be a slave burial ground, it is located along Gouedy Trail. This preserved trail was originally the work of Robert Gouedy, who established a trading post here in 1753. Another significant trail within the park is Cherokee Trail. Visitors can walk the grounds on a self-guided tour where informative panels offer insight into the 989-acre park's history. The memorial to James Birmingham, the first South Carolina soldier to die in the American Revolution, is located along this trail. Inside the visitors center a ten-minute film outlines the military significance of the area, and Ninety Six National Historic Site maintains numerous hiking trails and opportunities to picnic.

The Star Fort Historical Commission was established in 1969 to develop and administer the site before the commission turned it over to the federal government and then dissolved. The site is open daily 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Phone: (846) 543-4068.

Ninety Six was added to the National Register of Historic Sites in 1974. It claims the distinctions of being the site of the first battle of the Revolution in the South, the strongest fortification in the South, and the scene of the longest siege conducted by the Continental army.

Oconee Station State Historic Site

Oconee Station State Historic Site, on S.C. 95, about 5.5 miles due north of Walhalla, Oconee County. This 210-acre state park contains a stone fort (1792) named Oconee Station and a two-story brick house known as the William Richards House. The fort, one of three erected around 1760 as fortified outposts on the Cherokee border, was probably used successively as a haven for frontier families, a military base during the Revolution, and an Indian trading post. On S.C. 95, where the Ring Fight and Andrew Pickens Homesites are located, it is a few miles southeast of Oconee State Park and is reached by paved road from Picket Post on U.S. 271. Phone: (864) 638-0079.

Old Iron Works

Old Iron Works. Seewofford's iron works.

Orangeburg

Orangeburg, Edisto River, Orangeburg County. One of the first nine inland townships established in the 1730s to develop the interior regions of the colony, Orangeburg is one of the few that survive as places of any significance. The first permanent settlers were Germans and Swiss, who named it for the Prince of Orange. When South Carolina mobilized in early 1779 to meet the threat created by the British invasion of Georgia, Orangeburg became the center of military operations, and Governor John Rutledge established headquarters in the Donald Bruce House.

The British established a post at Orangeburg in 1780. When Lord Rawdon started regrouping his forces in the spring of 1781 to meet the major counteroffensive conducted by General Nathanael Greene to liberate the South, the British commander at Orangeburg did not receive the order to abandon his position. On 11 May 1781 he surrendered his garrison of fifteen regulars and an undetermined number of Loyalists to General Thomas Sumter.

But because of its central location, almost equidistant from Augusta, Ninety Six, and Charleston, Orangeburg continued to be used as a British base. Rawdon massed his field forces here in July 1781 after forcing Greene to abandon the siege of Ninety Six. Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Stewart held Orangeburg with his regiment, the famous Third Foot ("Buffs"), until he succeeded Rawdon as commander of troops opposing Greene in the field. With the last British outpost withdrawn to Charleston in December 1781 and Greene's army gaining in strength, the role of Orangeburg in the Revolution was ended.

The Donald Bruce House has survived. Moved to a new location on Route 301, two miles north of the Orangeburg town limits, the two-story frame building remains structurally sound and has been developed into a historical site.

Information on other Revolutionary War landmarks in Orangeburg is available through the Orangeburg Historical Society. Phone: (803) 535-0022. Another source is the town's Chamber of Commerce. Phone: (803) 534-6821.

Parker's Ferry Battleground

Parker's Ferry Battleground, Edisto River, Colleton County. Not to be confused with modern Parker's Ferry on U.S. 17 in Charleston County, some 6.5 miles due south of the Revolutionary War site, old Parker's Ferry was 6 miles due east of Pon Pon Chapel. Here, in a desolate area of hunting and fishing camps, is the site of Marion's brilliant victory in mid-August 1781. Of perhaps more interest to students of the Revolution are the extensive earthworks rediscovered in recent years and not yet understood by historians.

Old Parker's Ferry was on the main highway in colonial times, although it is now approached by an unimproved road through lonely country. In the summer of 1781 the civil war between Patriots and Loyalists rose to a crescendo, the unfortunate Isaac Hayne being summarily executed by the British on charges of treason (see hayne grave and homesite) and some 450 Loyalists taking up arms. From Dorchester the British sent a force of regulars, including Hessians, under Major Thomas Fraser to forage south toward the Georgia border and to support the Loyalists. General Nathanael Greene's Patriot army was resting in the High Hills of Santee when he received an appeal for help from Colonel William Harden. Greene relayed the call to Francis Marion, asking him to do what he could.

Covering about 100 miles by night marches, the one hundred picked partisans under Marion's command reached Parker's Ferry shortly before Fraser approached that place on the return toward Dorchester. He camped at Hayne's plantation the night after the unfortunate colonel was brought home for burial. Alerted to Marion's presence, the British commander started off the next afternoon with his infantry and artillery in the lead and his cavalry following. About a mile west of the ferry, where a long causeway crossed a swamp, a small party of Rebel horsemen suddenly appeared and then turned tail. The British cavalry took off in hot pursuit.

This was precisely what Marion had hoped for, but the results were greater than he could have expected. When hidden marksmen blasted the first wave of British riders with a surprise fire of buckshot at 50 yards' range, Fraser rallied his troops and led them in another charge that caught two more volleys. Marion counted twenty-seven dead horses and estimated his men had killed or wounded one hundred enemy dragoons, but a British participant wrote: "We lost 125 killed." The Patriots withdrew because they were low on ammunition, but not a man was wounded, and Marion promptly rejoined Greene. It was a masterpiece of partisan warfare.

The substantial earthworks at Parker's Ferry are something of a mystery. Large trees growing from the embankment and brickwork in the vicinity indicate that the works date from the Revolution. The American army camped at Parker's Ferry on 17 May 1779 with several wagon loads of entrenching tools, and the Continentals were supposed to fortify their camp whenever they halted. (General Augustine Prevost's diversionary raid on Charleston in the first half of May 1779 probably took the British through Parker's Ferry, after which they withdrew along the coast to Savannah. It would therefore be logical for the Patriots to see the need for fortifying Parker's Ferry later in May 1779, and the surviving earthworks may date from then.) The site is located a few miles north of Jacksonboro, off S.C. 64, nearly 2 miles past Hayne's tomb. At that point, turn right on a dirt road noticeable by a Parker's Ferry historical marker. The ruins are off to the right. Call (843) 717-3090 for more information.

Visitors to the site should be sure to continue another mile north on the road from Pon Pon Chapel, where they will find a much more rewarding view of the Edisto River. Here to the north the banks are higher and afford a better picture of what the ferry site of the colonial era probably looked like. Casual tourists with low-slung cars and skittish families may find that the site of Parker's Ferry is too far from the beaten track, and even the most adventurous should be warned that the road is not passable during rainy periods.

Pegues Place

Pegues Place, Pee Dee River just north of Cheraw in Marlboro County. An important cartel for the mass exchange of prisoners was signed in the home of Claudius Pegues (pronounced "puh-GEEZ") on 3 May 1783. The house is in excellent condition and is occupied by descendants of the original owners. It is open to visitors on special occasions, but its location makes it easy to find and see from the outside. From U.S. 1 just 0.6 mile south of the state line, turn west on S.C. 266 and go one mile. Pegues Place is to the right front, a two-story, white frame, clapboarded house with a raised porch and chimneys on each end.

Pendleton District

Pendleton District. Created in 1800 to encompass the area later organized into the counties of Anderson, Pickens, and Oconee (established 1826–1868), this is Andrew Pickens country. It also is exceptionally scenic and rich in facilities for outsdoorsmen. The Pendleton District Historical and Recreational Commission provides a number of tri-state brochures detailing historic sites and walking tours.

These guides are normally available at welcome centers on main routes leading into the state. They are also available by contacting the commission and requesting that they be mailed. Website: www.pendleton-district.org; phone: (864) 646-3782.

Pickens Grave

Pickens Grave, Old Stone Church, southeast edge of Clemson on U.S. 76. General Andrew Pickens (1739–1817) ranks with Marion and Sumter as a Revolutionary War hero in South Carolina. Born in Pennsylvania, he moved with his family as they lived successively in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and in the Waxhaws of South Carolina. While in his late teens he took part in an expedition against the Cherokee (1761). Two years later he and his brother settled in the Pendleton District, where Andrew started a long career as a public figure. He was for this region what Marion and Sumter were for the piedmont and coastal areas. For his part in the victory at Cowpens, Congress presented him with a sword that has been preserved by his descendants. A representative of the Ninety Six District from 1782, he was in Congress for the 1793 to 1795 session and then served as a state major general. In 1785 he built Hopewell, and his last home was near the site of his legendary Ring Fight.

Old Stone Church, where he is buried with men who followed him at Ninety Six, Cowpens, and Eutaw Springs, was built during the years 1797 to 1802. Austere as the major American hero who lies in its yard, the barnlike structure of natural fieldstone is an interesting historical and architectural landmark.

See pendleton district for visitor information.

Pon Pon

Pon Pon. The Yuchi Indians had a village in southwest South Carolina called Pon Pon, and this was also their name for the Edisto River. The name survives in Pon Pon Chapel, and the skirmish at Bee's Plantation is listed by some authorities as Pon Pon.

Pon Pon Chapel

Pon Pon Chapel, old Parker's Ferry Road, near Hayne Grave and Homesite, Colleton County. From U.S. 17 in Jacksonboro take the road north toward Round O, following S.C. 64 for 2.2 miles, then County Road 40 for .6 mile to its intersection with the dirt road to Parker's Ferry Battleground. To the south (right) about .1 mile east of the blacktop road to Round O is a chain-link fence encircling the ruins of this old brick chapel. Through the locked gate at a distance of about 100 yards can be seen the brick corners of the ruined structure rising to a height of about 20 feet, with a narrow, arched window preserved. The church was established here in 1725, and John Wesley preached on this spot in 1737. The brick chapel was built in 1754 and destroyed by fire in 1801.

Port Royal Island

Port Royal Island, Beaufort County. Between Charleston and Savannah is a cluster of coastal islands forming a great natural harbor. The Spanish and French were attracted to the region, making landings and establishing missions in the sixteenth century. In 1710 the British laid out Beaufort (still pronounced "Bewfort," in the British fashion), making it the oldest city in the state after Charleston. The first in a long series of man-made and natural disasters struck almost immediately: the Yamassee Indian uprising of 1715 killed several settlers and forced the rest to escape to a ship in the harbor.

When the British captured Savannah, and Patriot forces started massing along the lower Savannah River, Beaufort was picked as the place for the invaders to strike next. Taking advantage of their naval supremacy, they sent two hundred regulars under Major Gardiner to Beaufort. This was supposed to be a strategic envelopment or turning movement to force General Benjamin Lincoln to abandon his positions along the Savannah and retreat to protect his line of communications to Charleston. Instead, Lincoln ordered General William Moultrie to meet the threat by turning out the militia.

With three hundred Charleston militia and twenty Continentals, the Patriot column under Moultrie marched south from Gardens Corner to cross Whale Branch at Port Royal Ferry and make contact with the enemy about 3 miles farther south (historical markers on U.S. 21 at Grays Hill). Here on 3 February 1779 the inexperienced Patriot militia got the best of the British regulars in a hot little skirmish lasting about forty-five minutes. The British had the advantage of being deployed with some cover and concealment in the sparsely wooded patch of higher ground and bordering swamps, but their single artillery piece was disabled early in the action. Moultrie was running out of ammunition for his infantry and two guns, but shortly after ordering a withdrawal he discovered that the enemy had already started a retreat. Moultrie was unable to pursue vigorously, but the British took to their ships and returned to Savannah. The Americans lost about thirty killed and wounded in this highly creditable performance, and enemy casualties (exact numbers unknown) were much higher. More than a strategic triumph for the southern Patriots, it was a morale builder that stimulated recruiting.

For the last three years of the Revolution, a British base was maintained at Beaufort. Lieutenant Colonel John Maitland established this in June 1779 when he withdrew from the Charleston area after his rear-guard victory at Stono Ferry. About three months later he led his large command in a remarkable movement through coastal waterways to elude the Franco-American forces that should have prevented him from reinforcing the garrison of Savannah.

Today one can follow U.S. 21 between Gardens Corner and Beaufort to trace Moultrie's route. A highway bridge arches high over Whale Branch where Port Royal Ferry once operated. The battlefield around Grays Hill is an unattractive scene of commercial development and highway construction at this writing. Once the visitor passes through the crust of contemporary civilization, they will find historic Beaufort preserved in an exceptionally attractive district of well-maintained old homes on large lots. Many eighteenth-century town houses and plantations have survived, but most of Beaufort's architectural charm dates from its prosperity (rice and Sea Island cotton) on the eve of the Civil War. The broad expanse of river to the south and east, unspoiled by progress, is a beautiful natural setting for the little town.

St. Helena's Episcopal Church is Beaufort's most important survival of the colonial and Revolutionary era. Established in 1712, the parish has remained in continuous religious activity and is one of the oldest functioning churches in the United States. The building dates from 1724, with two subsequent modifications. A high brick wall of early construction encloses the churchyard, which takes up a large city block near the center of the historic district. Among the oldest graves is that of Colonel John ("Tuscarora Jack") Barnwell, hero of the early Indian wars, who died in 1724. His remains are under the enlarged church, but his name is on one of the many picturesque family plots in the yard. Markers were placed in 1970 on the graves of two British officers buried by the Patriots after the skirmish in 1779, described above. It was a Captain Barnwell who recovered the bodies on the battlefield, read the burial service, and wrote in a letter that has been preserved: "We have shown the British we not only can best them in battle, but that we can also give them a Christian burial." The officers' regiment in England has corresponded with St. Helena's about the graves. (Markers are on the right of the brick walk on the west side of the churchyard.)

The ruins of Sheldon Church are maintained by St. Helena's. Tours of houses and gardens in and around Beaufort are sponsored annually by the Women of St. Helena's. Walking tours of Beaufort are also organized through the Spirit of Old Beaufort Walking Tour; phone: (843) 525-0459.

Tourist facilities in Beaufort County are well organized. The Beaufort County Chamber of Commerce, Beaufort, S.C. 29902, has well-prepared literature on historical attractions, including a map for self-guided tours. Website: www.beaufortsc.org; phone: (843) 986-5400.

Prince's Fort (Blackstock Road)

Prince's Fort (Blackstock Road), Spartanburg County. The Loyalist expedition from Ninety Six that met its first defeat at Cedar Spring, 12 July 1780, was defeated the next day, and most of its surviving troops were captured, in the action known by the name of Gowen's Old Fort. The prisoners were taken just across the North Carolina line to the camp of Colonel Charles McDowell, "a rather inactive partisan leader" who had been joined recently by forces under the very active Colonel Isaac Shelby and Colonel Elijah Clark. When the Loyalists attacked "McDowell's Camp" on 16 July they were repulsed. (The location of this action is controversial. Some authorities say "McDowell's Camp" was just north of the state line. Others say the action of 16 July took place at Earle's Ford on the Pacolet River just south of the state line.) The next day a pursuit force under Edward Hampton overtook the Loyalists as they headed south on the Old Black-stock Road, routed them, and drove the survivors into Prince's Fort. A DAR marker on the site of this Loyalist post, near Zion Chapel, erroneously says the Patriots captured the position. To find the site, go west from Spartanburg on I-85 and turn north toward Inman at the exit 2.4 miles west of the I-26 interchange. Go north about 0.5 mile to S.C. 123, turn left (toward Inman), and a little more than 0.5 mile farther is a road junction in the vicinity of the Prince's Fort site.

Purrysburg Site

Purrysburg Site, Savannah River, Jasper County. Although the village had disappeared by the early 1800s, the abortive Purrysburg Township, one of the first nine townships created in the 1730s to develop the inland regions, figured prominently in Revolutionary War operations in the South. In 1777 it was a Patriot base, and in December 1778 the forces under General Benjamin Lincoln massed here to face the main British camp across the Savannah in Ebenezer, Georgia. General Augustine Prevost pushed through the American screening force at Purrysburg to make his diversionary raid against Charleston in May 1779. Only a cemetery remains where the town was established in 1732 (junction of S.C. 31 and 34, 2.6 miles from U.S. 17 in Hardeeville). JeanJacques Rousseau's Confessions has a description of the methods used by Colonel Jean Pierre Purry to inveigle six hundred of his fellow Swiss into settling the malaria-ridden site.

Quinby Bridge and Shubrick's Plantation

Quinby Bridge and Shubrick's Plantation, Huger Crossroads, Berkeley County. In mid-July 1781, when Greene's army was recuperating in the High Hills of Santee, General Thomas Sumter got authority from General Greene to undertake a major offensive against the British post at Moncks Corner. Lee's Legion and Marion's Brigade were attached to Sumter, and the veteran militia outfit of Colonel Thomas Taylor had been with Sumter for some time.

When Sumter maneuvered to cut off the enemy force at Moncks Corner, Lieutenant Colonel John Coates won the first round by withdrawing into his stronghold at Biggin Church (see biggin bridge and church). Three days later, before dawn on 17 July, he again slipped away with his entire force, burning the historic church and heading southeast for Quinby Bridge. Here he could be reinforced from Charleston by way of Cainhoy, or he could continue his retreat to that place. Coates was a military commander who knew what he was doing.

Sumter, on the other hand, was piling error on error. He headed on down the road for another go at annihilating the elusive Coates and permanently clearing the British from this prosperous region.

The cavalry of "Light Horse Harry" Lee's Legion almost accomplished this. Leaving the slower-moving infantry of Lee, Marion, Taylor, and Sumter to follow as fast as they could walk, three cavalry sections formed the Patriot advance guard. They succeeded in gobbling up the British rear guard and charging across Quinby Bridge with two sections before Coates knew what was happening. The British had covered the 18 miles to Quinby Creek in a rapid march and by afternoon of 17 July were holding a strong defensive position behind it. They had loosened the plank flooring of the bridge with the idea of removing it when their rear guard got across. As you can see today, the creek here is wide and deep—a good defensive barrier if covered by fire and if that bridge is fixed so cavalry cannot charge over it.

The first two sections of Lee's cavalry crossed the bridge, but in so doing they loosened the flooring, and the third section was unable to repair it in time to join the fray on the opposite bank. Meanwhile, the surprise attack by Captain James Armstrong and Lieutenant George Carrington Jr. routed all the defenders but a small body that formed around Coates. But the British rallied, and Armstrong and Carrington escaped by finding a ford upstream. Here they were joined by Lee and Marion, who had come up with the foot troops of their commands, and these two leaders wisely decided not to renew the action.

But when Sumter arrived with the rest of the infantry, at about 5 p.m., he overruled this decision and formed for an attack. Coates, meanwhile, reoriented his defenses to face this new threat. Using the rail fences and outbuildings of Captain Thomas Shubrick's plantation (now Quinby Plantation), he formed a hollow square. A single howitzer covered his front, but Sumter had left all the American artillery behind.

Taylor's infantry opened the attack by charging across an open field and forming a line along a fence. The British counterattacked and regained the position. Marion's infantrymen cut across from their initial position on the left flank and retook the fence line, but were then driven back with heavy losses and ammunition almost used up. Sumter's troops fired from the protection of buildings.

The Gamecock had failed again, and his subordinates now rebelled at the price they were paying with the lives of their men. Taylor informed Sumter on the spot that he would no longer take his commands, and the next morning Lee and Marion marched away with their troops. British reinforcements were meanwhile coming up to join Coates, so Sumter had to withdraw his remaining forces.

The battlefield is not marked, but the terrain has changed little in two centuries. Open, well-tended fields surround a modern house on the site of Quinby Plantation, a little to the west of the bridge. Tourist literature says that "bones of the hastily buried dead are still occasionally unearthed here." The Quinby Plantation House, also known as the Halidon Hill House, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Quinby Bridge survives as a small bridge approached by dipping down from the high banks of Quinby Creek. The latter feeds into the east branch of the Cooper River about a mile below the bridge, and is an edge of the remarkable Francis Marion National Forest. Quinby Bridge is on S.C. 98 just west of Huger.

Ratcliff's Bridge

Ratcliff's Bridge, Lynches River, Lee County. General Thomas Sumter's defeat on 6 March 1781 by Major Thomas Fraser's Loyalist South Carolina battalion has never had a convenient name. On the classic list of engagements compiled by Edward McCrady it is called "Lynches Creek, Kershaw County." This is unfortunate because there is a Little Lynches Creek in Kershaw County (formed 1791) and because Lee County (formed 1902) was not in existence when McCrady was doing his research.

The action took place after Sumter's abortive campaign that reached Fort Watson before he was forced to start retreating. He went by his plantation at Great Savannah (see nelson's ferry), picked up his young son and his paralytic wife, and moved about 40 miles northeast in hope of still being joined by Marion. On 6 March he finally resumed his retreat and was attacked this same day by Fraser. Sumter escaped with the loss of about ten killed and forty wounded.

The action took place along Stirrup Branch, which runs through today's Bishopville to the site of Ratcliff's Bridge. The latter is just south of the present bridge on U.S. 15 and S.C. 34 over Lynches River. Ratcliff's Bridge is listed as a "battle site" on the state historical markers program.

Ring Fight and Andrew Pickens Homesites

Ring Fight and Andrew Pickens Homesites, near Tamassee, Oconee County. Firmly entrenched in legend if unsupported by any documentary evidence is Andrew Pickens's victory here in the far west corner of the state. The Cherokees had taken advantage of their opportunity to attack frontier settlements when the backcountry militia were supporting Patriot operations along the coast during the spring and summer of 1779. Colonel Andrew Pickens and his militia returned to launch one of their many punitive expeditions. Surprised and surrounded by Indians, Pickens claimed later to have saved his force by setting fire to a cane brake, causing loud popping noises as the joints of cane exploded from the heat. The Cherokees fled, mistaking these sounds for gunfire from reinforcements. So goes the story. But Pickens was so impressed by the natural beauty of the region that he returned many years later to build his "Red House" on Tamassee Creek. A small stone marks the house site on the creek and appears on large-scale maps as "General Pickens Monument." It is on S.C. 95, .75 mile from its junction with S.C. 375. A few yards north of the latter road junction is another stone (not shown on maps) marking the site of the legendary Ring Fight (July 1779?).

Rocky Mount

Rocky Mount, Catawba River, Fairfield County, just south of Great Falls. As part of their strategy to dominate the backcountry the British established outposts here, at Hanging Rock and Cheraw. When Continental troops started south from Virginia to challenge the enemy in the Carolinas, General Thomas Sumter rallied South Carolina militia and by the end of July 1780 had sufficient strength to attack British outposts. On 30 July he personally led one force of about six hundred men against Rocky Mount as Major William Davie advanced on Hanging Rock. About 150 New York Volunteers held a strong position around Rocky Mount that for eight hours defied all Sumter's efforts to force their surrender. The Patriots withdrew to Land's Ford (preserved in Landsford Canal State Park), crossed the river, and reinforced Davie at Hanging Rock.

Round O

Round O, Colleton County. Surviving as little more than a place-name on the highway map (U.S. 17A, 11 miles east of Walterboro), this is where the southern army under Greene was concentrated during the final months of the war when the British held only Charleston and Savannah. Greene joined his troops here on 9 December 1781 after his easy victory at Fort Dorchester, and a little less than a month later he welcomed the two thousand Continentals who had marched south under General Arthur St. Clair from Yorktown.

One curious thing about Round O is that a circle drawn around it on the map with a 30-mile radius (one day's forced march) passes through Nelson's Ferry, Moncks Corner, Charleston, and Beaufort (see port royal island), all of them places of exceptional strategic importance.

Rugeley's Mill (Clermont)

Rugeley's Mill (Clermont), Kershaw County, on County Road 58 near the bridge over Grannies Quarter Creek, about 10 miles north of Camden and 4 miles north of the Camden Battlefield site.

Henry Rugeley was a Loyalist who kept a foot in the Patriot camp. His estate, variously known as Clermont, Rugeley's Fort, and (most commonly) Rugeley's Mill or Mills, was the scene of several historic events during the Revolution, having the attraction not only of his home and mill but also of a large barn adaptable to many military uses.

When the British invaded the South, Rugeley was commissioned a colonel and had good prospects of becoming a brigadier. He is nevertheless credited with saving Governor John Rutledge from capture by Tarleton in May 1780, just before the skirmish remembered as Buford's Defeat. Tarleton was out to get the governor, who paused during his flight at Rugeley's home and was warned by his host in time to get away safely.

Colonel William Washington brought Colonel Rugeley's military career to an abrupt end a few months later (4 December 1780) by using the Quaker gun trick. Washington and his dragoons found Rugeley with well over one hundred Loyalist troops in his fort here, a log barn encircled by a ditch and abatis. Not having artillery, unable to inflict any serious harm with small-arms fire, and not foolish enough to attempt an assault, Washington made a fake cannon, moved it into view of the defenders, and told them they would be blown to bits if they did not surrender. The ancient stratagem succeeded once again, and the Loyalists were marched off as prisoners of war.

Gates camped at Rugeley's Mill before marching on Camden in August 1780, and Cornwallis marched from Camden with the intention of attacking Gates here. Gates retreated to Rugeley's with his panic-stricken militia. In his pursuit from the Camden battlefield, Tarleton encountered some stiff resistance at Rugeley's from a handful of officers who were attempting to protect the baggage train from Patriot looters.

The site is not one for casual tourists to visit, but remains have been found of Rugeley's house, barn, mill, and pond.

St. James Santee Church

St. James Santee Church, a few miles west of Hampton Plantation, Charleston County. An architectural gem dating from 1768 and locally known as the Brick Church, it is on a dirt road that was the Old King's Highway and the main coastal road when President Washington made his grand tour in 1791. From U.S. 17 and 701 go north toward Hampton Plantation for about 1.5 miles, turning left on Old King's Highway shortly after crossing a creek; the church is about 2 miles west on this road on the north side.

Sampit Bridge

Sampit Bridge, Georgetown County. The campaign that started at Wiboo Swamp on 6 March 1781 was supposed to be a British search-and-destroy operation to annihilate the pesky guerrilla band commanded by General Francis Marion. It ended with the British fleeing for safety within their fortified camp at Georgetown. The final action was at Sampit Bridge, where Marion caught the retreating enemy astride the river and killed about twenty of them with accurate musketry. "I have never seen such shooting before in my life," said the British commander, Colonel John Watson, whose horse was killed under him. The action occurred around the present village of Sampit, which is on U.S. 17A and 521, exactly 10 miles from the center of Georgetown.

Seneca Old Town Site

Seneca Old Town Site, Clemson University campus, Pickens County. A Cherokee attack in July 1776 was answered by a punitive expedition led by Major Andrew Williamson. The Patriots walked into an ambuscade as they approached Essenecca, or Seneca Old Town, the evening of 31 July, their advance guard being suddenly fired on from the fences alongside the road leading into the town. After rallying his troops, Williamson finally captured the village and destroyed it.

Killed in the action was Francis Salvador, a Jewish Patriot who had brought Williamson the first report of the Cherokee threat and who was riding alongside the major with the advance guard. A diorama in the B'nai B'rith Klutznick Exhibit Hall, 1640 Rhode Island Avenue, Washington, D.C., shows Salvador being shot from his horse and about to be scalped.

After destroying Cherokee towns and burning crops throughout a wide area east of the Blue Ridge, Williamson returned to the ruins of Essenecca and built Fort Rutledge, naming it for the president of the General Assembly.

On the shore of modern Lake Hartwell is a rock with a bronze plaque marking the site of the Cherokee town. Back in the bushes is a miniature fort of dressed stone and fanciful design that marks the site of the Patriot fort.

Sheldon Church

Sheldon Church, near Sheldon, Beaufort County. From U.S. 17 and 21 in Sheldon go northeast about 2 miles on S.C. 235 to its junction with S.C. 21, where the site is located; or take S.C. 21 at its junction with U.S. 17 and 21 just 0.5 mile west of Gardens Corner (1.6 miles east of S.C. 235 in Sheldon) and go north 1.7 miles. In lonely isolation and framed by gigantic oaks, the tall brick walls stand in a fenced yard where a few old tombs remain. One of South Carolina's most elegant churches when built in 1746, Sheldon Church was burned by the British in 1779. Rebuilt, it was burned by Sherman's troops in late 1864, or in early 1865. The site is maintained by St. Helena's Episcopal Church in Beaufort (see port royal island), 15 miles away. On the second Sunday after Easter the congregation of St. Helena's holds a service at the ruins, using that day's collection for their preservation. For more information, contact the St. Helena's Episcopal Church. Phone: (843) 522-1712.

Shubrick's Plantation

Shubrick's Plantation. Seequinby bridge.

Singleton's Mill

Singleton's Mill, southwestern tip of Sumter County, exact site undetermined. About where the Old Santee Road to Camden crossed Fullers Earth Creek was this mill, an important point on the British line of communications. Its seizure by Marion as the British withdrew into winter quarters in late October 1780 was the final irritation that convinced Lord Cornwallis to let Tarleton take most of his legion on a campaign to eradicate Marion's band. Without ever getting in sight of his quarry, however, Tarleton finally turned back for a go at Sumter, allegedly saying to his men that "as for this damned old fox, the devil himself could not catch him."

About six weeks later the "Swamp Fox" was back, this time to intercept a column of two hundred British recruits being escorted from Charleston by regulars of the Sixty-fourth Regiment under Major Robert McLeroth. On 12 December the partisans hit the rear guard of McLeroth's escort just north of Halfway Swamp in modern Clarendon County, less than a mile short of Rimini.

McLeroth played for time by proposing a proper battle in the open. Marion responded with the suggestion that twenty picked men from each side fight it out on a mutually agreeable field. The British accepted, but then ordered their men off the field at the last moment and took up a defensive position under cover of darkness. Marion had numerical superiority—about 700 mounted men—but 140 Loyalist dragoons under Captain John Coffin were within supporting distance of the British. Waiting for daylight to resume his attack, Marion learned shortly after midnight that the British had slipped away.

Major John James cut behind the British and was waiting for them on the high ground near Singleton's Mill. A curious thing then happened: the Rebels delivered a single volley and for no apparent reason abandoned their position without offering any further resistance. They had suddenly and belatedly discovered that the Singleton family had smallpox. Marion withdrew. McLeroth, reinforced by Coffin, went on with his business, reaching Winnsboro on 16 December.

Old Santee Road between Fort Watson and Rimini followed the route of modern S.C. 76, but its course is unknown north of there in the Singleton's Mill area. It is a safe assumption, however, that the site is on the unimproved road about a mile south of Poinsett State Park or near the crossroads about 2 miles east on S.C. 261.

Snows Island

Snows Island, southeast tip of Florence County. In the latter part of December 1780 (after his action at Halfway Swamp), General Francis Marion established his famous base here, using it during the most critical months of his career as a partisan. The place was found and destroyed in March 1781 (exact day unknown), but by then it had lost its importance because General Greene's forces were starting their liberation of South Carolina, and Marion was no longer the only major enemy of the British in the low country.

The successful search-and-destroy mission in 1781 was conducted by Colonel Welbore Doyle and his New York Loyalists while Marion was away executing the most brilliant campaign of his career (see wiboo swamp). Coming down Lynches River, Doyle surprised the defenders of Snows Island under Marion's second in command, Colonel John Ervin, and killed seven Patriots and wounded fifteen, forcing Ervin to dump his supplies into Lynches River and retreat.

Marion sent Colonel Hugh Horry to the scene, following with the rest of his command. Horry killed or wounded nine Loyalists and captured sixteen before inflicting two more casualties on Doyle's rear guard at Witherspoon's Ferry.

Snows Island remains very much as Marion's men knew it two centuries ago. Loggers put a rail line across to the extreme western tip, but it has long since been abandoned, and the island is still accessible only by boat. But it shows up well on the modern topographic map distributed by the United States Geological Survey (Johnsonville Quadrangle, fifteen-minute series, 1946). Labeled "Snow Island," it shows as a piece of swamp bounded on the north and east by the Great Pee Dee River, on the south by the wide stretch of lower Clark's Creek, and on the west by the upper part of this creek and the mouth of Lynches River. Several meandering streams intersect the island, which measures roughly 4.5 by 1.5 miles. Maximum elevation shown on the map is 14 feet, but the island is not so waterlogged as cartographers make it appear. In conjunction with Dunham Bluff (see port's ferry), it provided more than enough dry ground for a partisan hideout.

You can drive to two points from which a worthwhile view of this historic and picturesque site is provided. The first is on the north side at Dunham Bluff. The other is on Clark's Creek, to the south. From Hemingway (S.C. 41, 51, and 261) go east 0.2 mile, turn north on S.C. 34 and continue 5.7 miles; turn left on S.C. 488 to its dead end, a distance of 1.7 miles. You will have arrived.

Stateburg

Stateburg and vicinity, near U.S. 76 and 378 between Columbia and Sumter. Founded by General Sumter, this town in the High Hills of the Santee was vigorously promoted in 1786 as the site for the state capital.

The Borough House in Stateburg, an impressive structure built in 1758 with rammed-earth walls, was used by Lord Cornwallis and General Greene. Open to the public on special occasions, it is owned and beautifully maintained by the descendants of the original family. Borough House was named a National Historic Landmark in 1988. Near the Borough House is Greene Spring, built on orders of the general when his army was in the High Hills, and still in use. Borough House is located on Route 261 nearly a mile north of the intersection of 261 and U.S. Highways 76 and 376.

Stono Ferry

Stono Ferry, near Rantowles, Charleston County. An illconceived and poorly conducted operation by 1,500 American troops under Generals Benjamin Lincoln and William Moultrie against 900 British on Johns Island culminated in the Battle of Stono Ferry, 20 June 1779. It was one of the war's hardest battles and one of its most pointless.

Lieutenant Colonel John Maitland commanded the large rear guard left by General Prevost when he withdrew to Savannah after his May 1779 raid on Charleston. A bridgehead to cover Stono Ferry was established on the northern side of what is now called New Cut Church Flats. Three strong redoubts circled by an abatis were manned by Highlanders and Hessians, and it was this point against which Lincoln led the main attack while Moultrie commanded a secondary effort against Johns Island, to the east.

After a night march of 8 miles from the Ashley Ferry (modern village of Drayton Hall where the railroad bridge crosses), Lincoln's column deployed and his troops started struggling through dense woods for an attack at dawn. The Americans advanced in two wings. Carolina militia under General Jethro Sumner were on the right with two guns, and their right flank was covered by a light-infantry company under the marquis de Malmady. The left wing was made up of Continental troops with four guns and commanded by General Isaac Huger. Light infantry under John Henderson were with Huger, and these troops made the first contact shortly before sunrise.

After engaging the British positions with small arms and cannon fire for an hour, the Patriots advanced to the abatis. Two companies of Highlanders resisted until only eleven men were left standing, but a Hessian battalion finally broke. Maitland shifted his forces to meet the more dangerous threat by Huger's wing, the Hessians rallied and went back into action, and reserves were brought across the bridge, at which point Lincoln ordered a withdrawal. Patriot losses had been heavy: about 150 killed or wounded and the same number "missing." The heat was severe (Andrew Jackson's brother Hugh died of heat and exhaustion), and most of the American "missing" were deserters (the British claimed no prisoners). General Huger was severely wounded. The British lost 130 officers and men, only one of whom was reported missing.

Maitland had decided almost a week before the battle to withdraw, but was delayed by lack of water transportation. On 23 June he started moving to Beaufort, but Lincoln's costly attack had little to do with hastening his departure.

Stono Ferry has retained no Revolutionary War vestiges other than its topography. To reach the site drive a mile south from Rantowles to the end of S.C. 318.

Strawberry Ferry

Strawberry Ferry, Cooper River, Berkeley County. Because of its strategic location at a natural crossing place of land and water routes about 25 miles up the Cooper River from Charleston, Strawberry Ferry was the center of much military activity during the Revolution. The site is now marked by an exceptionally attractive little church, Strawberry Chapel (1725), and its interesting cemetery. Easily found in a region of numerous historic landmarks, Strawberry Chapel is at the end of S.C. 44, just off Highway 402 along the Cooper River, a little less than 2 miles from the entrance to Mepkin Trappist Monastery (see mepkin plantation).

Sullivan's Island

Sullivan's Island, Charleston Harbor. The mismanaged British expedition against Charleston in 1776 culminated here on 28 June and left South Carolina free of major military operations for another three years. Sullivan's Island is fairly heavily populated today, but the major landmarks of 1776 survive. These are the Cove, across which the Patriots maintained their line of communications to Colonel Moultrie's fort of palmetto logs and sand; the Breach, between the eastern end of Sullivan's Island and Long Island (now Isle of Palms), where warning signs of "deep holes, fallouts, and strong currents" were posted too late to spare the British the disastrous mistake of trying to ford this gap at low tide; and the site of Fort Sullivan, later renamed for William Moultrie.

This controversial fort was a square redoubt with bastions on each corner. For lack of stone with which to build to the specifications of conventional military wisdom, the Patriots put up retaining walls of palmetto logs about 16 feet apart and filled in with sand. Only the half of the fort facing the sea was finished when the British attack was expected, so Moultrie emplaced most of his guns to cover the harbor. He did the best he could to meet the threat from Long Island against the rear of his fort by putting a strong detachment to defend the Sullivan's Island side of the Breach and by constructing hasty breastworks on the unfinished side of Fort Sullivan.

At 11 a.m. on 28 June the long-expected British bombardment finally started. More than one hundred pieces of artillery massed their fire on Moultrie's fort from the south and southeast while three ships sailed into the harbor to attack from the west flank and rear. Fortunately for the Patriots, all three ships ran onto the Middle Ground, where Fort Sumter was later built. Many historians believe that this accident was decisive, and perhaps it was, but the British had already made an incredible number of errors. The first was in electing to destroy the harbor forts instead of running past them to strike straight at Charleston itself. The second was to waste time in leisurely operations against Sullivan's Island. The third was to count on getting troops across the Breach by fording. (The author's authority is Professor W. B. Willcox, who has written extensively since 1945 on British strategy in the American Revolution. See specifically his introduction to The American Rebellion: Sir Henry Clinton's Narrative …, p. xx and n.)

Moultrie and the 431 men of his Second South Carolina Regiment plus 22 men of the Fourth Artillery nevertheless had a hot day's work. It turned out that their palmetto and sand fort was ideally suited to withstanding bombardment because palmetto does not splinter like ordinary wood and the sand filling of the walls further cushioned the impact of cannonballs. But the enemy fire did not stop until 9:30 p.m., and the Patriots had about forty men killed or wounded. When Moultrie's flag was knocked down by one barrage, Sergeant William Jasper ran outside the walls to replace it on the parapet. (Before the days of telephone and radio a commander had to keep his flag flying to show friendly troops and headquarters that he had not surrendered.)

The present Fort Moultrie dates from 1809 but retains its importance as a Revolutionary War site because the view from its walls provides an appreciation of the 1776 battle from the defenders' vantage point. The more recent fort is said to occupy the site of Fort Sullivan (renamed after the battle for Moultrie), but at least one authority says the site of the Revolutionary War fort is about 100 yards out in the harbor (WPA Guide, p. 282). Fort Moultrie is administered as part of Fort Sumter National Monument by the National Park Service. It is on West Middle Street, reached via U.S. 17B and S.C. 703. Camping and picnicking facilities are 4 miles east on Isle of Palms. Phone: (843) 883-3123.

Sumter's Tomb and Homesite

Sumter's Tomb and Homesite. Seestateburg.

Tearcoat (Tarcote) Swamp Skirmish

Tearcoat (Tarcote) Swamp Skirmish, Black River, Clarendon County. With instructions from General Gates to continue harassing the British lines of communications, Marion left Port's Ferry with 150 newly raised partisans to break up a Loyalist force being assembled by Colonel Samuel Tynes. After a swift advance he surprised the enemy camp shortly after midnight on 25 October 1780 and scored one of his most impressive triumphs: about forty Loyalists killed, wounded, or captured; eighty good horses and eighty new muskets taken; and a number of recruits won over from the Loyalist cause. Marion apparently had no losses, and he killed only three Loyalists in the engagement. The site is near S.C. 50 just south of Tearcoat Branch, which enters Black River about a mile farther east, just above the bridge of U.S. 301. I-95 passes under S.C. 50 about a mile northwest of the battle site.

Thicketty Fort (Fort Anderson)

Thicketty Fort (Fort Anderson), Cherokee County. In July 1780 Colonel Isaac Shelby with six hundred militia attacked the Loyalist post at this place and secured surrender of the garrison without firing a shot. Dates for the action are given variously as 13 and 30 July. Also called Fort Anderson, the place was probably where the village of Thicketty is located, on U.S. 29 about 4.5 miles southwest of Gaffney.

Thomson's Plantation

Thomson's Plantation. Seebelleville plantation.

Wadboo Bridge and Plantation

Wadboo Bridge and Plantation, near the junction of Wadboo Swamp with the Cooper River and in the vicinity of Moncks Corner and Biggin Bridge and Church. Revolutionary War skirmishes took place around here in January and July 1781, and Marion fought his last battle here on 29 August 1782. Sometimes designated incorrectly by the name of Fairlawn Plantation, the estate of Sir John Colleton about half a mile east of the bridge, this action pitted Marion against his old adversary, Major Thomas Fraser, British commander at the battle of Parker's Ferry. Marion again drew Fraser into an ambuscade, inflicting twenty casualties on a force of two hundred dragoons, but the British captured an ammunition wagon and Marion was forced to withdraw. Wadboo Plantation, about a half-mile east of Wadboo Bridge, is where Marion said goodbye to his troops.

Wallace

Wallace, Marlboro County. General Nathanael Greene's "Camp Repose" (see cheraw) was where S.C. 9 joins U.S. 1 in the center of this town. A granite marker indicates the spot.

Walnut Grove Plantation (Moore House)

Walnut Grove Plantation (Moore House), 1200 Otts Shoals Road south of Spartanburg. When built in 1765, the two-story, white frame house of Charles Moore near the North Tyger River was one of the finest in the upcountry. It has been restored and authentically furnished by the Spartanburg County Historical Society. Phone: (864) 596-3501. The oldest graves in the family cemetery are those of a Captain Steadman, murdered in his sickbed by "Bloody Bill" Cunningham, and two other Patriots killed by Cunningham as they ran from the house. Another grave is that of "Kate" Moore Barry, Revolutionary scout and heroine. The house is at I-26 and U.S. 221. Phone: (864) 576-6546.

Wambaw Bridge

Wambaw Bridge, near junction of Wambaw Creek with the South Santee River, southeast tip of Berkeley County. When Marion left his brigade early in January 1782 to serve as state senator in Jacksonboro, his two principal lieutenants found various pretexts to delegate their command duties to subordinates. At this critical period the British sallied forth from Charleston with a large foraging party and scattered Marion's disorganized forces. The Swamp Fox left his legislative duties and rallied survivors of his brigade. At Wambaw Bridge his troops suffered another reverse when untrained horsemen improperly executed their part of an attack on the British.

The Charleston County highway map shows a modern bridge at the site of the Revolutionary War structure. Unidentified by any name, it is on a private road in prolongation of State Highway 857 a little less than 5 miles north of U.S. 17 and 701.

Colonel Elias Ball's Wambaw Plantation was more than 30 miles to the west, about 6 miles south of Moncks Corner. Colonel Anthony White captured a British officer and seventeen men here on 6 May 1780 and was pursued to Leneud's Ferry.

Washington's Grave

Washington's Grave, near Rantowles, Charleston County. Colonel William Washington (1752–1810) was a distant kinsman of George Washington and a Virginian by birth. When the Revolution started he gave up studying for the ministry and launched an active and successful career as a commander of Continental dragoons. He and Tarleton clashed on a number of occasions in South Carolina, and the honors were about even. Their personal encounter on the battlefield of Cowpens is the subject of a painting frequently reproduced in histories of the Revolution. Wounded and captured at Eutaw Springs, he met and married a young lady in Charleston and settled in this area.

A historic marker on an open and flat stretch of U.S. 17 about 1 mile east of Rantowles (and almost exactly 11 miles from Charleston's Ashley River Bridge) indicates the location nearby of Washington's grave on what once was Live Oak Plantation, and of his country home, then Sandy Hill Plantation, 7 miles northwest.

Washington's grave is preserved in an isolated burial yard enclosed by an ancient brick wall about 4 feet high. A bronze plaque on the iron gate says the cemetery, which has about ten graves, including those of about four Washingtons, was rehabilitated (recently) by the Washington Light Infantry of Charleston. Colonel Washington's wife, Jane Riley Elliott (1763–1830), is buried at his side.

The gravesite is located and marked by a state highway marker on U.S. 17 at Rantowles just short of a mile north of the Live Oak Plantation. On U.S. Highway 17, leaving Charleston, look for a marker on the right and turn there. A white sign with an arrow points right; follow that on to a narrow path at the end of which lies the monument. A brick wall surrounds the picturesque site.

Wateree Ferry and Fort Carey

Wateree Ferry and Fort Carey, Kershaw County, just south of Camden where the I-20 bridge crosses the Wateree River. During construction of the new highway bridge here in recent years, portions of the riverbank were washed away to expose remains of Revolutionary works. One of the numerous mistakes made by General Horatio Gates before the Battle of Camden in August 1780 was to approve of the detachment of General Sumter for a secondary effort against the British line of communications to Charleston. Reinforced by 100 Maryland Continentals, 300 North Carolina militia, and 2 cannon, all under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Woolford of the Fifth Maryland Regiment, Sumter surprised the British defenders of Fort Carey, a small redoubt guarding the west side of Wateree Ferry, capturing Colonel Carey, 30 troops, and 36 loaded supply wagons. Later the same day, 15 August, Sumter captured a supply train of 6 baggage wagons and several hundred head of livestock. Attempting to escape north after Gates's defeat on 16 August, Sumter was surprised at Fishing Creek and his force was wiped out.

Waxhaw Presbyterian Church

Waxhaw Presbyterian Church, 8100 Old Waxhaw Monroe Road on Route 16 about 37 miles east of U.S. 521. The Waxhaws Meeting House, a log structure built here around 1755, was a regional landmark during the Revolution. Patriots wounded in Buford's Defeat (about 12 miles east-southeast as the crow flies) were tended here, and several are buried in the adjoining cemetery. Among their nurses was the mother of young Andrew Jackson. Her husband was buried at the church just before Andrew's birth in 1767.

Another grave is that of General William Richardson Davie (1756–1820). Born in England, he came to the Waxhaws with his father, graduated from Princeton with first honors in 1776, distinguished himself as a militia officer during the Revolution, moved to North Carolina in 1782, and had a prominent role in state and national politics thereafter. Phone: (704) 843-4685.

Wiboo Swamp

Wiboo Swamp, Santee River, Clarendon County. Colonel John Watson Tadwell Watson was given the mission in March 1781 of leading a force of five hundred Loyalists down the Santee to wipe out the partisans commanded by Marion, who had been cutting up the British line of communications to Camden from Charleston. On 5 March the operation started with Watson's departure from Fort Watson. Four engagements and about three weeks later the British expedition took refuge in their camp at Georgetown, Colonel Watson admitting failure and complaining that Marion "would not fight like a gentleman or a Christian." The first of these actions, and the only one for which an exact date is known, took place on 6 March at Wiboo Swamp. (The next three engagements were at Mount Hope Swamp, Lower Bridge, and Sampit Bridge.)

Wiboo Swamp is now a branch of Lake Marion, due south of Manning and west of the intersection of S.C. 260 and 410. But the latter road follows the trace of the Old Santee Road, astride which Marion blocked Watson's advance before falling back to Mount Hope Swamp.

Williamson's Plantation (Huck's Defeat)

Williamson's Plantation (Huck's Defeat), Historic Brattonsville, Brattonsville, York County. In a surprise attack at dawn on 12 July 1780 a Patriot force slaughtered a band of Loyalist raiders and killed its leader, the notorious Captain Huck. The event lifted Patriot morale at a time when the British were trying to consolidate their conquest of the state, and it greatly assisted the recruiting efforts of Thomas Sumter.

Christian Huck was one of the Loyalists who had come south in Tarleton's Legion, and in a short time he had made himself particularly detested in the Catawba district. From the forward base at Rocky Mount, Captain Huck with a hard core of northern Loyalists and support from indigenous Loyalists had ravaged the Scotch-Irish settlements. He reached the area of modern Brattonsville on 11 July. The homes of Colonel William Bratton and Captain John McClure were high on his list of official calls, and the wives of these famous Patriot chiefs were roughed up and their houses looted. Captain McClure's son and son-in-law were taken prisoner and scheduled for hanging the next day.

Huck and his ruffians settled down for the night on the plantation of James Williamson, less than half a mile from the Bratton house. They were surprised at dawn by about ninety militiamen under Colonels Bratton and Edward Lacey, who had been told of the raid by Captain McClure's daughter. Because Huck had neglected security precautions, his men were camped on a lane whose rail fences formed a slaughter pen. The Patriots blocked the ends of the lane, cutting the raiders off from their horses, and opened fire at 75 yards. Huck died game. Only about twelve of the legion cavalry and the same number of Huck's mounted infantry escaped; the rest of his 115-man expedition was wiped out. (About thirty-five were killed; most of the rest were captured.) The Patriots had only one man killed, and they liberated the two men captured the preceding day by Huck.

The Bratton house, a simple frame structure, stands weathered and forlorn on the edge of some woods in the place later named Brattonsville. At the site of Williamson's Plantation is a DAR marker to Huck's Defeat with a newer inscription that reads: "On this date, Sept. 30, 1953, there stands 200 feet to the north of this stone the Revolutionary home of Col. William Bratton and his wife Martha. The land was a grant under George the Third." In 1971 it came under the care of the Brattonsville Historic District, which maintains the entire 775-acre grounds as a living museum. Phone: (803) 329-2121.

The site is on S.C. 322 about 4 miles east of McConnells (on U.S. 321) and a little less than 2 miles west of S.C. 324. Rock Hill is about 9 miles east.

Williams' Plantation

Williams' Plantation, Laurens County. Seehammond's store.

Winnsboro

Winnsboro, Fairfield County, 28 miles north of Columbia on U.S. 321. Lord Cornwallis withdrew to this place with about half of his field forces after the disaster at Kings Mountain forced abandonment of his first attempt to invade North Carolina. Here he stayed from late October 1780 to early January 1781, receiving reinforcements and building his strength to about four thousand troops before launching his second offensive into North Carolina. Although its settlement dated from only 1775, Winnsboro was centrally located between Ninety Six and Camden and the main British line of communications down the Santee River to Charleston. Further, it was an excellent base for foraging, the land to the south being particularly rich in farms.

The so-called Cornwallis House (private) at 8 Zion Street is presumed to have been quarters for the British general. The original portion of the well-preserved and little-altered structure has massive masonry walls and partitions coated with a hard plaster. The wooden wing was added later and became the home of a Revolutionary soldier, Captain John Buchanan. The latter's slave, Pompey Fortune, was Lafayette's body servant during the war, and his name is commemorated in Fortune Springs Garden near Lafayette Heights in the northwestern portion of Historic Winnsboro.

The Old Muster Ground (unmarked as such, but easily spotted) is near the Cornwallis House and opposite the site of the Mount Zion Academy or Institute (marked). This is where British troops camped in 1780 to 1781.

Winnsboro is an attractive little town with some fifty places of historic interest marked and keyed to a tour guide published by the town and the Fairfield Historical Society. The most important landmarks date from the early 1800s, including the courthouse designed by Robert Mills (built 1823) and the famous Old Town Clock (installed 1837 and still running).

Literature is available from the Fairfield County Chamber of Commerce, phone: (803) 635-4242, and the Fairfield County Historical Society, Hudson and Walnut Streets, Winnsboro, S.C. 29180. Phone: (803) 635-9811.

Witherspoon's Ferry

Witherspoon's Ferry, Lynches River about 5 miles above Snows Island, near modern Johnsonville, Florence County. After a rear-guard action here against Colonel Hugh Horry, the hard-pressed New York Loyalists under Colonel Doyle burned their baggage and hastened toward Camden (see snows island). The ferry was where the S.C. 41 and 51 bridge crosses Lynches River.

Wofford's Iron Works

Wofford's Iron Works (lost site), probably on Lawson Fork Creek between Spartanburg and Glendale. Its precise site is not known because the works were burned down during the Revolution and the area subsequently was industrialized. Wofford's Iron Works (often called simply the Old Iron Works) was built in 1773 and was the first of its type in the state. Several important events took place here and at nearby Cedar Spring during the Revolution. Colonel William Washington had his horses shod at Wofford's as the Patriots under General Dan Morgan retreated from Tarleton. Tarleton outmaneuvered Morgan the night of 15 to 16 January 1780 by faking a march west toward the ironworks and going secretly into camp as the Patriots shifted up the far bank of the Pacolet River to block him. Tarleton then countermarched to cross 6 miles below Morgan, at Easterwood Shoals (today's Pacolet Mills). With enemy scouts a mere 5 miles behind him, Morgan hastily resumed his retreat before turning to make a stand.

The modern town of Cowpens, near the Pacolet and about 10 miles northeast of Spartanburg, is about where Morgan was camped when the British made their unopposed crossing downstream. The Battle of Cowpens took place about 10 miles farther north. The site of the ironworks, according to some authorities, was covered after the Revolution by a mill pond. One educated guess as to its precise map location (see Spartanburg County General Highway Map) is on Lawson Fork Creek at the end of a short dead-end road running north from S.C. 47, about midway between Glendale and the "enlargement inset" line of Spartanburg. See cedar spring, a site closely identified with the ironworks during the Revolution.

South Carolina

■ AIKEN TECHNICAL COLLEGE G-6

PO Drawer 696
Aiken, SC 29802-0696
Tel: (803)593-9231
E-mail: pridepae@atc.edu
Web Site: http://www.aik.tec.sc.us/

Description:

State and locally supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1972. Setting: 88-acre rural campus. Total enrollment: 2,516. 1,177 applied, 65% were admitted. 3% from top 10% of their high school class, 12% from top quarter, 39% from top half. Full-time: 1,397 students, 66% women, 34% men. Part-time: 1,119 students, 64% women, 36% men. Students come from 6 states and territories, 2 other countries, 10% from out-of-state, 3% Native American, 4% Hispanic, 2% black, 88% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 40% 25 or older, 1% transferred in. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at University of South Carolina-Aiken.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for nursing program. Options: Common Application, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript. Required for some: essay. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $2816 full-time, $117 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3176 full-time, $132 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8204 full-time, $337 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $120 full-time, $4.25 per credit hour part-time, $60 per term part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Student-run newspaper. Most popular organizations: student government, Phi Theta Kappa, student newspaper. Major annual events: Field Day, Health Fair, Orientation. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour patrols, late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. Aiken Technical College Library with 32,118 books, 425 serials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $258,703. 200 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ ALLEN UNIVERSITY E-8

1530 Harden St.
Columbia, SC 29204
Tel: (803)254-4165
Admissions: (803)376-5789
Fax: (803)376-5731
Web Site: http://www.allenuniversity.edu/

Description:

Independent African Methodist Episcopal, 4-year, coed. Awards bachelor's degrees. Founded 1870. Setting: suburban campus. Total enrollment: 565. 784 applied, 61% were admitted. Full-time: 552 students, 38% women, 62% men. Part-time: 13 students, 54% women, 46% men. Students come from 14 states and territories, 1 other country, 9% from out-of-state, 97% black, 3% international, 25% 25 or older, 80% live on campus, 12% transferred in. Retention: 41% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, honors program, independent study, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application. Required: essay, high school transcript, 3 recommendations, SAT or ACT. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: 7/31.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $20. Comprehensive fee: $6260 includes full-time tuition ($3609), mandatory fees ($546), and college room and board ($2105). College room only: $1230. Part-time tuition: $301 per credit hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 3 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities, local sororities; 7% of eligible men and 10% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: International Students Club, Social Science Club, Gospel Choir. Major annual events: Homecoming, Religious Emphasis Week, Black History Month observance. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour patrols. 324 college housing spaces available; 275 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. J. S. Flipper Library with 50,000 books and 175 serials. 130 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See University of South Carolina.

■ ANDERSON UNIVERSITY D-3

316 Blvd.
Anderson, SC 29621-4035
Tel: (864)231-2000
Free: 800-542-3594
Admissions: (864)231-2030
Fax: (864)231-2004
E-mail: admissions@anderson-college.edu
Web Site: http://www.ac.edu/

Description:

Independent Baptist, 4-year, coed. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1911. Setting: 44-acre suburban campus. Endowment: $17.2 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $2942 per student. Total enrollment: 1,644. Faculty: 150 (68 full-time, 82 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 15:1. 1,079 applied, 78% were admitted. 17% from top 10% of their high school class, 44% from top quarter, 81% from top half. Full-time: 1,277 students, 64% women, 36% men. Part-time: 367 students, 65% women, 35% men. Students come from 29 states and territories, 18 other countries, 11% from out-of-state, 0.4% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 10% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 17% 25 or older, 50% live on campus, 5% transferred in. Retention: 62% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; education; visual and performing arts. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, electronic application, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Recommended: minimum 2.5 high school GPA. Required for some: essay, 2 recommendations, interview. Application deadline: 7/1. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $22,950 includes full-time tuition ($15,400), mandatory fees ($1150), and college room and board ($6400). College room only: $3250. Part-time tuition: $410 per credit hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 29 open to all. Most popular organizations: Baptist Campus Ministries, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Student Government Association, Gamma Beta Phi, Student Alumni Council. Major annual events: CORE-Campus Organizations Recruitment Event, Christmas First Night, Founders' Day Convocation. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 879 college housing spaces available; 830 were occupied in 2003-04. No special consideration for freshman housing applicants. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. Olin D. Johnston Library with 69,069 books, 7,200 microform titles, 314 serials, 4,868 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. 192 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Located in the Piedmont Plateau section, Anderson enjoys moderate climate and is a busy manufacturing town with 32 textile plants and many other factories. The area is accessed by major highways, air, bus, and limited rail service. The community has a countywide library system, churches of many denominations, hotel and motels, hospitals, shopping malls, and various civic and fraternal organizations. Local recreation includes theatres, bowling, tennis, excellent golf facilities, two large lakes, swimming, boating, fishing, hunting, and other outdoor sports. Part-time employment is available.

■ BENEDICT COLLEGE E-8

1600 Harden St.
Columbia, SC 29204
Tel: (803)256-4220
Admissions: (803)253-5275
Fax: (803)253-5167
Web Site: http://www.benedict.edu/

Description:

Independent Baptist, 4-year, coed. Awards bachelor's degrees. Founded 1870. Setting: 20-acre urban campus. Endowment: $17 million. Total enrollment: 3,005. 4,039 applied, 71% were admitted. 7% from top 10% of their high school class, 14% from top quarter, 28% from top half. Full-time: 2,864 students, 50% women, 50% men. Part-time: 141 students, 58% women, 42% men. Students come from 32 states and territories, 20% from out-of-state, 0.1% Native American, 0.2% Hispanic, 99% black, 0.1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 10% 25 or older, 66% live on campus, 6% transferred in. Core. Calendar: semesters. Advanced placement, honors program, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships. ROTC: Army, Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Common Application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript. Placement: SAT or ACT recommended. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous until 7/31.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $18,912 includes full-time tuition ($11,574), mandatory fees ($1380), and college room and board ($5958). Part-time tuition: $388 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $45 per credit hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 40 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 2% of eligible men and 5% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: NAACP, Student Education Association, African Awareness Student Union. Major annual events: Fall Convocation, Homecoming Week, Spring Fest Week. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols. 2,013 college housing spaces available; 1,850 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. Option: coed housing available. Benjamin Payton Learning Resource Center with 114,770 books, 35,754 microform titles, 320 serials, 5,954 audiovisual materials, and a Web page. 500 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See University of South Carolina.

■ BOB JONES UNIVERSITY B-4

1700 Wade Hampton Blvd.
Greenville, SC 29614
Tel: (803)242-5100
Free: 800-BJA-NDME
Admissions: (864)242-5100
E-mail: admissions@bju.edu
Web Site: http://www.bju.edu/

Description:

Independent religious, university, coed. Awards associate, bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and first professional degrees. Founded 1927. Total enrollment: 4,099. Faculty: 302 (235 full-time, 67 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 15:1. 1,773 applied, 82% were admitted. 7% from top 10% of their high school class, 37% from top quarter, 65% from top half. Full-time: 3,523 students, 55% women, 45% men. Part-time: 52 students, 37% women, 63% men. 77% from out-of-state. Retention: 76% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: education; theology and religious vocations; business/marketing. Calendar: semesters.

Entrance Requirements:

Required: high school transcript, 3 recommendations, ACT. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: 8/1.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $45. Comprehensive fee: $14,750 includes full-time tuition ($9180), mandatory fees ($590), and college room and board ($4980). Part-time tuition: $459 per credit hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Student services: health clinic.

■ CENTRAL CAROLINA TECHNICAL COLLEGE F-10

506 North Guignard Dr.
Sumter, SC 29150-2499
Tel: (803)778-1961
Free: 800-221-8711
Fax: (803)773-4859
E-mail: brackenlm@cctech.edu
Web Site: http://www.cctech.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1963. Setting: 70-acre small town campus. Total enrollment: 3,244. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 19:1. Full-time: 945 students, 67% women, 33% men. Part-time: 2,299 students, 71% women, 29% men. Students come from 2 states and territories, 1% from out-of-state, 0.5% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 49% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0.2% international, 46% 25 or older, 13% transferred in. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, independent study, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, external degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for selected health science programs. Option: electronic application. Required: high school transcript. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Area resident tuition: $2700 full-time, $112.50 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3168 full-time, $132.50 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4800 full-time, $200 per credit hour part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: 11 open to all. Most popular organizations: Creative Arts Society, Phi Theta Kappa, Computer Club, National Student Nurses Association (local chapter), Natural Resources Management Club. Major annual events: Spring Fling, Student Appreciation Day. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices. College housing not available. Central Carolina Technical College Library with 20,356 books, 21,993 microform titles, 245 serials, 1,317 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $256,334. 556 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See Morris College.

■ CHARLESTON SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY J-11

PO Box 118087
Charleston, SC 29423-8087
Tel: (843)863-7000
Free: 800-947-7474
Admissions: (843)863-7050
E-mail: enroll@csuniv.edu
Web Site: http://www.charlestonsouthern.edu/

Description:

Independent Baptist, comprehensive, coed. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1964. Setting: 500-acre suburban campus. Endowment: $13.1 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4165 per student. Total enrollment: 3,022. Faculty: 178 (106 full-time, 72 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 18:1. 2,744 applied, 71% were admitted. 12% from top 10% of their high school class, 34% from top quarter, 67% from top half. Full-time: 2,208 students, 61% women, 39% men. Part-time: 374 students, 61% women, 39% men. Students come from 42 states and territories, 25 other countries, 18% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 28% black, 2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 20% 25 or older, 46% live on campus, 10% transferred in. Retention: 63% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; education; social sciences. Core. Calendar: 4-4-1. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, honors program, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, internships. Off campus study at Charleston Higher Education Consortium, University of North Carolina System, Clemson University. ROTC: Air Force.

Entrance Requirements:

Option: international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Required for some: essay, 1 recommendation, interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $23,230 includes full-time tuition ($16,780) and college room and board ($6450). Part-time tuition: $271 per credit hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 20 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities, local fraternities, local sororities. Most popular organizations: student government, Baptist Student Union, Fellowship of Christian Athletics. Major annual events: Convocation, Homecoming. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service. 1,134 college housing spaces available; 1,080 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen given priority for college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. L. Mendel Rivers Library with 192,600 books, 215,900 microform titles, 1,111 serials, 8,169 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $883,948. 190 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See The Citadel.

■ THE CITADEL, THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA J-11

171 Moultrie St.
Charleston, SC 29409
Tel: (843)953-5000
Free: 800-868-1842
Admissions: (843)953-5230
Fax: (843)953-7084
E-mail: john.powell@citadel.edu
Web Site: http://www.citadel.edu

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees and post-master's certificates. Founded 1842. Setting: 130-acre urban campus. Endowment: $39.8 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $179,878. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $5544 per student. Total enrollment: 3,386. Faculty: 232 (157 full-time, 75 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 15:1. 1,913 applied, 78% were admitted. 9% from top 10% of their high school class, 31% from top quarter, 67% from top half. Full-time: 2,111 students, 6% women, 94% men. Part-time: 127 students, 47% women, 53% men. Students come from 48 states and territories, 29 other countries, 51% from out-of-state, 0.2% Native American, 4% Hispanic, 7% black, 2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 6% 25 or older, 100% live on campus, 4% transferred in. Retention: 82% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; security and protective services; social sciences. Core. Calendar: semesters. ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, honors program, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at 4 members of the Charleston Higher Education Consortium. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army, Naval, Air Force.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: electronic application, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Recommended: recommendations, interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: 9/1. Preference given to state residents.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $6522 full-time, $198 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $15,918 full-time, $397 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $998 full-time, $15 per term part-time. College room and board: $4840.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 37 open to all. Major annual events: Parents' Day, Homecoming, Corps Day. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service. 1,913 college housing spaces available. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through senior year. Option: coed housing available. Daniel Library with 233,745 books, 1.2 million microform titles, 583 serials, 2,868 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $1.4 million. 350 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ CLAFLIN UNIVERSITY G-8

400 Magnolia St.
Orangeburg, SC 29115
Tel: (803)535-5097
Admissions: (803)535-5340
Fax: (803)531-2860
E-mail: mzeigler@claflin.edu
Web Site: http://www.claflin.edu/

Description:

Independent United Methodist, comprehensive, coed. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1869. Setting: 32-acre small town campus with easy access to Columbia. Endowment: $14 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4456 per student. Total enrollment: 1,728. Faculty: 127 (93 full-time, 34 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 14:1. 2,744 applied, 40% were admitted. 25% from top 10% of their high school class, 46% from top quarter, 75% from top half. Full-time: 1,598 students, 67% women, 33% men. Part-time: 80 students, 59% women, 41% men. Students come from 29 states and territories, 19 other countries, 15% from out-of-state, 0.1% Native American, 0.1% Hispanic, 93% black, 0.2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 5% international, 15% 25 or older, 65% live on campus, 3% transferred in. Retention: 79% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; security and protective services; social sciences. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, freshman honors college, honors program, independent study, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at South Carolina State University, Medical University of South Carolina, Orangeburg-Calhoun Technical College, Clemson University. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Common Application, deferred admission. Required: essay, high school transcript, minimum 2.00 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Recommended: recommendations, SAT Subject Tests. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $20. Comprehensive fee: $16,798 includes full-time tuition ($9206), mandatory fees ($1684), and college room and board ($5908). College room only: $2632. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $384 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $63 per credit hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: national fraternities, national sororities; 22% of eligible men and 26% of eligible women are members. Major annual events: graduation, Homecoming, Honors Convocation. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols. 1,003 college housing spaces available; 963 were occupied in 2003-04. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. H. V. Manning Library with 158,108 books, 62,718 microform titles, 427 serials, 981 audiovisual materials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $761,608. 500 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ CLEMSON UNIVERSITY C-2

Clemson, SC 29634
Tel: (864)656-3311
Admissions: (864)656-2287
Fax: (864)656-2464
Web Site: http://www.clemson.edu/

Description:

State-supported, university, coed. Awards bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Founded 1889. Setting: 1,400-acre small town campus. Endowment: $264.9 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $104.5 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $7729 per student. Total enrollment: 17,165. Faculty: 1,143 (1,015 full-time, 128 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 16:1. 12,463 applied, 57% were admitted. 45% from top 10% of their high school class, 72% from top quarter, 97% from top half. 23 National Merit Scholars, 88 valedictorians. Full-time: 13,257 students, 46% women, 54% men. Part-time: 839 students, 41% women, 59% men. Students come from 53 states and territories, 62 other countries, 32% from out-of-state, 0.4% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 7% black, 2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 5% 25 or older, 47% live on campus, 5% transferred in. Retention: 89% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; engineering; education. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, honors program, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army, Air Force.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, electronic application, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Recommended: essay, recommendations. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadlines: 5/1, 12/1 for early action. Notification: continuous, 2/15 for early action. Preference given to state residents.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $50. State resident tuition: $9016 full-time, $364 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $18,640 full-time, $760 per hour part-time. Full-time tuition varies according to course load and program. Part-time tuition varies according to course load and program. College room and board: $5780. College room only: $3470. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 250 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 15% of eligible men and 22% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: student government, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Tiger Band. Major annual events: Homecoming/Tigerama, Welcome Back Festival, Campus Sweep. Student services: legal services, health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. College housing designed to accommodate 6,216 students; 6,329 undergraduates lived in college housing during 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required in freshman year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Robert Muldrow Cooper Library plus 1 other with 1.2 million books, 1.2 million microform titles, 5,587 serials, 131,280 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $10.4 million. 1,250 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Clemson is located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains approximately 135 miles from Charlotte and Atlanta. The average temperature is 61 degrees. The area is served by U.S. Highways 76 and 123, and air service is available nearby. Clemson has several churches of different denominations, a library, YMCA, concert series, and Little Theatre. Hotels, apartments, and rooming houses provide additional student housing. Local recreational facilities include fishing, hunting, golf, tennis, swimming, sailing, and skiing. Job opportunities are available.

■ CLINTON JUNIOR COLLEGE B-8

PO Box 968, 1029 Crawford Rd.
Rock Hill, SC 29730
Tel: (803)327-7402
Fax: (803)327-3261
E-mail: ecopeland@clintonjrcollege.org
Web Site: http://www.clintonjuniorcollege.edu/

Description:

Independent, 2-year, coed, affiliated with African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. Founded 1894. Calendar: semesters.

■ COASTAL CAROLINA UNIVERSITY F-14

PO Box 261954
Conway, SC 29528-6054
Tel: (843)347-3161
Free: 800-277-7000
Admissions: (843)349-2037
Fax: (843)349-2127
E-mail: admissions@coastal.edu
Web Site: http://www.coastal.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1954. Setting: 244-acre suburban campus. Endowment: $14.8 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $966,347. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4467 per student. Total enrollment: 7,613. Faculty: 414 (233 full-time, 181 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 19:1. 5,427 applied, 74% were admitted. 11% from top 10% of their high school class, 43% from top quarter, 73% from top half. Full-time: 5,753 students, 52% women, 48% men. Part-time: 644 students, 61% women, 39% men. Students come from 45 states and territories, 41 other countries, 46% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 12% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 13% 25 or older, 35% live on campus, 9% transferred in. Retention: 64% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; biological/life sciences; education. Core. Calendar: semesters. Services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Recommended: essay, 1 recommendation, interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 8/15. Notification: continuous until 9/15. Preference given to state residents.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $45. State resident tuition: $6780 full-time, $290 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $15,020 full-time, $630 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $80 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. College room and board: $6280. College room only: $4020. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 83 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 7% of eligible men and 6% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Student Government Association, Coastal Productions Board, STAR (Students Taking Active Responsibility), FCA (Fellowship of Christian Athletes), Diversity of Programming. Major annual events: homecoming, Cino Day, Chanticleer Days. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service. 2,250 college housing spaces available; 2,093 were occupied in 2003-04. Option: coed housing available. Kimbel Library with 144,361 books, 17,804 microform titles, 8,638 serials, 4,003 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $1.5 million. 600 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Coastal Carolina University is located nine miles from the bustling resort area of Myrtle Beach, SC. Recreational and entertainment options provide many opportunities for internships for the Professional Golf Management and Resort Tourism programs, as well as part-time employment opportunities. Brookgreen Gardens, one of the world's finest outdoor sculpture gardens, provides a tranquil setting for relaxation, while Broadway on the Beach provides entertainment, shopping, and dining attractions.

■ COKER COLLEGE D-11

300 East College Ave.
Hartsville, SC 29550
Tel: (843)383-8000
Free: 800-950-1908
Admissions: (843)383-8050
Fax: (843)383-8056
E-mail: admissions@coker.edu
Web Site: http://www.coker.edu/

Description:

Independent, 4-year, coed. Awards bachelor's degrees (also offers evening program with significant enrollment not reflected in profile). Founded 1908. Setting: 30-acre small town campus with easy access to Charlotte. Total enrollment: 551. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 9:1. 649 applied, 66% were admitted. 20% from top 10% of their high school class, 50% from top quarter, 82% from top half. 2 valedictorians. Full-time: 541 students, 59% women, 41% men. Part-time: 10 students, 50% women, 50% men. Students come from 28 states and territories, 6 other countries, 23% from out-of-state, 0.4% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 20% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 8% 25 or older, 70% live on campus, 8% transferred in. Retention: 74% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; visual and performing arts; psychology. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, advanced placement, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Required for some: essay. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: 9/1.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $15. Comprehensive fee: $23,728 includes full-time tuition ($17,472), mandatory fees ($480), and college room and board ($5776). College room only: $2740. Part-time tuition: $728 per semester hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 27 open to all. Most popular organizations: Coker College Union, student government, Pan-African American Sisterhood Association, Sigma Alpha Chi, Commissioners. Major annual events: homecoming, C.O.W. Days, Bandfest. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 364 college housing spaces available; 338 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through junior year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. James Lide Coker III Memorial Library plus 1 other with 78,706 books, 45,391 microform titles, 575 serials, 5,741 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. 40 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Coker College is located in Hartsville, a community of approximately 20,000 people. It is located in the northeastern part of the state, 20 miles off I-95, and approximately a two-hour drive from South Carolina's beautiful beaches and mountains. The climate is temperate and mild year-round. There is a township library and many churches of various denominations. Florence airport is 24 miles away. Part-time employment is available for students. Local recreational facilities include two theaters, Lake Robinson, Prestwood Lake, golf, tennis, two city parks, and racing. There are various civic and fraternal organizations that are active within the community. Health service facilities are available.

■ COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON J-11

66 George St.
Charleston, SC 29424-0001
Tel: (843)953-5507
Admissions: (843)953-5670
E-mail: admissions@cofc.edu
Web Site: http://www.cofc.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees (also offers graduate degree programs through University of Charleston, South Carolina). Founded 1770. Setting: 52-acre urban campus. Endowment: $36.6 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $4.4 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $5153 per student. Total enrollment: 11,332. Faculty: 858 (515 full-time, 343 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 13:1. 8,217 applied, 66% were admitted. 25% from top 10% of their high school class, 58% from top quarter, 91% from top half. 34 valedictorians. Full-time: 9,055 students, 64% women, 36% men. Part-time: 823 students, 57% women, 43% men. Students come from 52 states and territories, 76 other countries, 35% from out-of-state, 0.3% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 7% black, 2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 8% 25 or older, 29% live on campus, 5% transferred in. Retention: 83% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; communications/journalism; social sciences. Core. Calendar: semesters. ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at National Student Exchange, Medical University of South Carolina, Trident Technical College, The Citadel, Charleston Southern University. Study abroad program. ROTC: Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, early admission, early action, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: essay, high school transcript, recommendations, SAT or ACT. Recommended: interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadlines: 4/1, 4/1 for nonresidents, 11/1 for early action. Notification: 5/15, 5/15 for nonresidents, 12/15 for early action.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $45. State resident tuition: $6668 full-time, $278 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $15,342 full-time, $639 per semester hour part-time. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. College room and board: $6948. College room only: $4768. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 144 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 15% of eligible men and 20% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Student Government Association, Cougar Productions, intramural basketball, Black Student Union. Major annual events: Cougar Walk, Pep Supper, Welcome Week. Student services: legal services, health clinic, personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service. College housing designed to accommodate 2,644 students; 2,900 undergraduates lived in college housing during 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Marlene and Nathan Addlestone Library plus 1 other with 476,108 books, 822,143 microform titles, 3,723 serials, 5,024 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $4.5 million. 578 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See The Citadel.

■ COLUMBIA COLLEGE E-8

1301 Columbia College Dr.
Columbia, SC 29203-5998
Tel: (803)786-3012
Free: 800-277-1301
Admissions: (803)786-3091
Fax: (803)786-3674
E-mail: admissions@colacoll.edu
Web Site: http://www.columbiacollegesc.edu/

Description:

Independent United Methodist, comprehensive. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1854. Setting: 33-acre suburban campus. Endowment: $19.4 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $6653 per student. Total enrollment: 1,493. Faculty: 154 (82 full-time, 72 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 10:1. 767 applied, 84% were admitted. 15% from top 10% of their high school class, 42% from top quarter, 71% from top half. Full-time: 867 students, 99% women, 1% men. Part-time: 241 students, 94% women, 6% men. Students come from 12 states and territories, 17 other countries, 6% from out-of-state, 0.3% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 43% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 30% 25 or older, 63% live on campus, 11% transferred in. Retention: 71% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; education; public administration and social services. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships. Off campus study. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c), Naval (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, 1 recommendation, SAT or ACT. Recommended: essay. Required for some: interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 8/1.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $25,032 includes full-time tuition ($18,864), mandatory fees ($350), and college room and board ($5818). College room only: $3034. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $506 per credit hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 40 open to all. Most popular organizations: Student Government Association, African-American Student Association, Columbia College Activities Board, Heavenly Creations Gospel Choir, Student Christian Association. Major annual events: Ludy Bowl, Follies, Mom's Day/Dad's Night. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 560 college housing spaces available; 539 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Option: women-only housing available. J. Drake Edens Library plus 1 other with 140,909 books, 12,060 microform titles, 513 serials, 18,144 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $609,877. 150 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ COLUMBIA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY E-8

PO Box 3122
Columbia, SC 29230-3122
Tel: (803)754-4100
Free: 800-777-2227
Fax: (803)786-4209
E-mail: yesciu@ciu.edu
Web Site: http://www.ciu.edu/

Description:

Independent nondenominational, comprehensive, coed. Awards associate, bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and first professional degrees. Founded 1923. Setting: 450-acre suburban campus. Endowment: $3.4 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $5874 per student. Total enrollment: 1,013. Faculty: 48 (23 full-time, 25 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 18:1. 252 applied, 67% were admitted. 24% from top 10% of their high school class, 41% from top quarter, 71% from top half. 3 valedictorians. Full-time: 496 students, 58% women, 42% men. Part-time: 54 students, 57% women, 43% men. Students come from 38 states and territories, 10 other countries, 63% from out-of-state, 0.2% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 2% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 3% international, 14% 25 or older, 59% live on campus, 12% transferred in. Retention: 69% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic area with the most degrees conferred: theology and religious vocations. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at Midlands Technical College. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Common Application, electronic application, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: essay, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, 4 recommendations, SAT or ACT. Required for some: high school transcript, interview. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $45. Comprehensive fee: $20,592 includes full-time tuition ($14,880) and college room and board ($5712). Part-time tuition: $600 per semester hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 14 open to all. Most popular organizations: Student Union, Student Senate, Student Missions Connection. Major annual events: Spring Conference, Homecoming, World Christian Week. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service. 375 college housing spaces available; 339 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through junior year. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. G. Allen Fleece Library with 118,752 books, 568,690 microform titles, 490 serials, 17,542 audiovisual materials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $406,231. 42 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See University of South Carolina.

■ CONVERSE COLLEGE B-5

580 East Main St.
Spartanburg, SC 29302-0006
Tel: (864)596-9000
Free: 800-766-1125
Admissions: (864)596-9040
Fax: (864)596-9158
E-mail: aaron.meis@converse.edu
Web Site: http://www.converse.edu/

Description:

Independent, comprehensive. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees and post-master's certificates. Founded 1889. Setting: 70-acre urban campus. Endowment: $50 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $25,000. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $6507 per student. Total enrollment: 2,176. Faculty: 173 (83 full-time, 90 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 12:1. 423 applied, 84% were admitted. 29% from top 10% of their high school class, 62% from top quarter, 88% from top half. Full-time: 648 students, 100% women. Part-time: 128 students, 100% women. Students come from 30 states and territories, 8 other countries, 24% from out-of-state, 0.4% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 14% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 4% international, 23% 25 or older, 90% live on campus, 3% transferred in. Retention: 75% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: education; visual and performing arts; social sciences. Core. Calendar: 4-1-4. ESL program, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at Wofford College. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, electronic application, early admission, early decision, early action, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, 1 recommendation, SAT or ACT. Recommended: essay, minimum 3.0 high school GPA, interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 4/1. Notification: continuous until 5/1.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $40. Comprehensive fee: $29,082 includes full-time tuition ($22,234) and college room and board ($6848). Part-time tuition: $720 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $20 per term.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 30 open to all. Most popular organizations: student government, student volunteer services, Student Christian Organization, Student Activities Committee, Athletic Association. Major annual events: 1889 Day, Founders' Day, Formal Opening. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 600 college housing spaces available. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through senior year. Option: women-only housing available. Mickel Library with 129,411 books, 60,213 microform titles, 1,467 serials, 30,132 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $546,000. 72 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

One of the leading textile manufacturing cities in the South, Spartanburg is also one of the largest peach shipping centers in the world. The city was named after the Spartan Regiment, which represented this community in the Revolutionary War. The community is located in the Piedmont section of South Carolina and has an average temperature of 60 degrees. Airlines, railroads, and bus lines serve the area. There are many churches representing various denominations, 3 hospitals, libraries, a YMCA Family Center, and various civic and fraternal groups serving the city. Motels, hotels, and rooming houses are available for guests. Local recreation includes football, basketball, baseball, golf, stock car racing, swimming, tennis, picnicking, water skiing, theater, and series of concerts. Part-time employment is available.

■ DENMARK TECHNICAL COLLEGE H-7

Solomon Blatt Blvd., Box 327
Denmark, SC 29042-0327
Tel: (803)793-5100
Admissions: (803)793-5176
Fax: (803)793-5942
Web Site: http://www.denmarktech.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1948. Setting: 53-acre rural campus. Total enrollment: 1,408. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 19:1. 876 applied, 100% were admitted. Full-time: 969 students, 59% women, 41% men. Part-time: 439 students, 60% women, 40% men. Students come from 8 states and territories, 0% from out-of-state, 0.2% Native American, 0% Hispanic, 76% black, 0% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 20% 25 or older. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at Voorhees College, South Carolina State University. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Peterson's Universal Application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, ACT ASSET. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $2088 full-time, $87 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4176 full-time, $174 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $190 full-time, $95 per term part-time. College room and board: $3096.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: national fraternities, national sororities, local fraternities, local sororities; 25% of eligible men and 30% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Phi Beta Lambda, Gospel Choir, Drama Club. Major annual events: Homecoming, Family Day, Annual Honors Day Convocation. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour patrols. 330 college housing spaces available; all were occupied in 2003-04. Denmark Technical College Learning Resources Center with 15,437 books and 200 serials. 105 computers available on campus for general student use. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ ERSKINE COLLEGE D-4

2 Washington St.
PO Box 338
Due West, SC 29639
Tel: (864)379-2131
Free: 800-241-8721
Admissions: (864)379-8830
Fax: (864)379-8759
E-mail: admissions@erskine.edu
Web Site: http://www.erskine.edu/

Description:

Independent, 4-year, coed, affiliated with Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. Administratively affiliated with Erskine Theological Seminary. Awards bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and first professional degrees. Founded 1839. Setting: 85-acre rural campus. Endowment: $45.6 million. Total enrollment: 890. Faculty: 68 (37 full-time, 31 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 12:1. 854 applied, 70% were admitted. 31% from top 10% of their high school class, 58% from top quarter, 84% from top half. Full-time: 585 students, 55% women, 45% men. Part-time: 9 students, 56% women, 44% men. Students come from 24 states and territories, 12 other countries, 34% from out-of-state, 0.2% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 6% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 1% 25 or older, 88% live on campus, 2% transferred in. Retention: 77% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; education; biological/life sciences. Core. Calendar: 4-1-4. Advanced placement, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, internships. Off campus study at other colleges having a 4-1-4 calendar. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Option: electronic application. Required: essay, high school transcript, 1 recommendation, SAT or ACT. Recommended: interview. Required for some: interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous. Preference given to members of Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $25,468 includes full-time tuition ($17,700), mandatory fees ($1342), and college room and board ($6426). Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 49 open to all; local fraternities, local sororities; 14% of eligible men and 25% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: literary societies, religious organizations, Student Government Organization, publications, honor societies. Major annual events: Fall Fest, Spring Fling, homecoming. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 644 college housing spaces available; 535 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through senior year. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. McCain Library with 233,541 books, 62,012 microform titles, 1,020 serials, 1,777 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $463,693. 65 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Due West is a town of approximately 1,300 residents. It enjoys a temperate climate. There is easy access to Interstate Routes 26 and 85, and the cities of Anderson, Greenwood, and Greenville are nearby. The major metropolitan areas of Atlanta and Charlotte are within a 2.5-hour drive. The college arranges transportation to meet students arriving at these points by train, bus or plane. Local recreational facilities include tennis courts, a swimming pool, movies and a physical education/athletic center.

■ FLORENCE-DARLINGTON TECHNICAL COLLEGE E-12

2715 West Lucas St.
PO Box 100548
Florence, SC 29501-0548
Tel: (843)661-8324
Free: 800-228-5745
Admissions: (843)661-8153
Fax: (843)661-8306
E-mail: kirvenp@flo.tec.sc.us
Web Site: http://www.fdtc.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1963. Setting: 100-acre small town campus with easy access to Columbia. Endowment: $1000. Total enrollment: 4,041. Full-time: 2,147 students, 67% women, 33% men. Part-time: 1,894 students, 75% women, 25% men. Students come from 4 states and territories, 1% Native American, 0.4% Hispanic, 46% black, 0.4% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 3% transferred in. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, advanced placement, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, deferred admission. Required for some: high school transcript, SAT or ACT, CPT. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: 8/1.

Collegiate Environment:

Choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 3 open to all. Most popular organizations: International Club, FDTC Outreach Choir, Student Ambassadors. Major annual events: Spring Fling, Back to School Bash, Black History Month. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. Florence-Darlington Technical College Library with 34,814 books and 286 serials. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $341,742. 220 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Agriculture and industry support the economy of Florence. There are several diversified manufacturing companies within the area. Florence can be called an urban and a suburban community. It is located approximately 50 miles from the Atlantic Ocean resort areas. The city enjoys a temperate climate. Community services include public library, hospitals, museums, many churches of various denominations, and major civic, fraternal, and veteran's organizations. Local entertainment and recreation encompasses the Little Theatre group, movie theatres, a YMCA, a Civic Center, swimming, hunting, golf, tennis, and ice hockey.

■ FORREST JUNIOR COLLEGE D-3

601 East River St.
Anderson, SC 29624
Tel: (864)225-7653
Fax: (864)261-7471
Web Site: http://www.forrestcollege.com/

Description:

Proprietary, 2-year, coed. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1946. Setting: 3-acre small town campus. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $7240 per student. Total enrollment: 165. 26 applied, 92% were admitted. Students come from 2 states and territories, 26% from out-of-state, 0% Native American, 0% Hispanic, 47% black, 0% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 20% 25 or older. ESL program, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, freshman honors college, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Option: deferred admission. Required: essay, high school transcript, recommendations, interview. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: 9/30.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Tuition: $4950 full-time, $110 per quarter hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $450 full-time, $150 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and program. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and program.

Collegiate Environment:

Student services: legal services, health clinic. Campus security: late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. Forrest Junior College Library plus 1 other with an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $12,000. 37 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ FRANCIS MARION UNIVERSITY E-12

PO Box 100547
Florence, SC 29501-0547
Tel: (843)661-1362
Free: 800-368-7551
Admissions: (843)661-1231
Fax: (843)661-4635
Web Site: http://www.fmarion.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1970. Setting: 309-acre rural campus. Endowment: $200,000. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $250,236. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4662 per student. Total enrollment: 4,008. Faculty: 281 (176 full-time, 105 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 17:1. 2,524 applied, 71% were admitted. 14% from top 10% of their high school class, 39% from top quarter, 72% from top half. 7 valedictorians. Full-time: 3,058 students, 64% women, 36% men. Part-time: 442 students, 73% women, 27% men. Students come from 31 states and territories, 21 other countries, 4% from out-of-state, 0.4% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 42% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 11% 25 or older, 44% live on campus, 6% transferred in. Retention: 65% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; biological/life sciences; education. Core. Calendar: semesters. Services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at University of South Carolina, Florence-Darlington Technical College, Clemson University. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, early admission, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $30. State resident tuition: $6327 full-time, $316.35 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $12,654 full-time, $632.70 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $185 full-time, $4.75 per credit hour part-time. College room and board: $5430. College room only: $2960.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 60 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 3% of eligible men and 4% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Baptist Campus Ministries, Education Club, University Ambassadors, Psychology Club, Campus Outreach. Major annual events: Homecoming, Arts Alive, Springfest. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 1,381 college housing spaces available; 1,358 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen given priority for college housing. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. James A. Rogers Library plus 1 other with 332,043 books, 351,613 microform titles, 1,559 serials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $1.6 million. 551 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See Florence-Darlington Technical College.

■ FURMAN UNIVERSITY B-4

3300 Poinsett Hwy.
Greenville, SC 29613
Tel: (864)294-2000
Admissions: (864)294-2034
Fax: (864)294-3127
E-mail: admissions@furman.edu
Web Site: http://www.furman.edu/

Description:

Independent, comprehensive, coed. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1826. Setting: 750-acre suburban campus. Endowment: $429.8 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $1.4 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $13,967 per student. Total enrollment: 3,221. Faculty: 272 (220 full-time, 52 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 11:1. 4,007 applied, 53% were admitted. 64% from top 10% of their high school class, 88% from top quarter, 98% from top half. 20 National Merit Scholars, 32 class presidents, 47 valedictorians, 176 student government officers. Full-time: 2,699 students, 56% women, 44% men. Part-time: 105 students, 49% women, 51% men. Students come from 45 states and territories, 24 other countries, 71% from out-of-state, 0.1% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 6% black, 2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 0% 25 or older, 91% live on campus, 1% transferred in. Retention: 93% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: social sciences; visual and performing arts; business/marketing. Core. Calendar: 3-2-3. Services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, early admission, early decision, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: essay, high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Recommended: minimum 3.0 high school GPA, 2 recommendations. Required for some: SAT Subject Tests. Entrance: very difficult. Application deadlines: 1/15, 11/15 for early decision. Notification: 3/15, 12/1 for early decision. Preference given to children of alumni.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $40. Comprehensive fee: $33,264 includes full-time tuition ($25,888), mandatory fees ($464), and college room and board ($6912). College room only: $3712. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $809 per credit hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 130 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 35% of eligible men and 40% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Collegiate Educational Service Corps, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Baptist Student Union, Student Activities Board, Furman Singers. Major annual events: Homecoming Spirit Competition, May Day-Play Day, Beach Weekend. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 2,425 college housing spaces available; all were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through senior year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. James Buchanan Duke Library plus 2 others with 453,211 books, 811,000 microform titles, 2,052 serials, 5,644 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $2.8 million. 340 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

An industrial city, Greenville is in an important manufacturing region with very diverse industry. It is a metropolitan community that enjoys a temperate climate. Part-time employment is available. The city is served by air, rail and bus lines. Community facilities include a performing arts center, 16,000 seat arena, public library, art museum, YMCA, YWCA, 5 general and 1 children's hospital, and over 400 churches that represent major denominations. Local recreation includes several community theatre groups, lakes and rivers for water sports, mountains for hiking and camping, and most major sports, including golf and minor league baseball and hockey teams.

■ GREENVILLE TECHNICAL COLLEGE B-4

PO Box 5616
Greenville, SC 29606-5616
Tel: (864)250-8000
Free: 800-723-0673
Admissions: (864)250-8109
Fax: (864)250-8534
Web Site: http://www.greenvilletech.com/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1962. Setting: 407-acre urban campus. Total enrollment: 13,000. Students come from 6 other countries, 42% 25 or older. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for allied health, nursing programs. Options: early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript. Recommended: SAT, ACT ASSET, or ACT COMPASS. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous until 8/20.

Collegiate Environment:

Social organizations: 12 open to all. Most popular organizations: Student Government Association, Phi Theta Kappa, Student Nurses Association, Christians on Campus, International and Friends Organization. Major annual events: Spring Picnic, Red Ribbon Week, Student Leadership Conference. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. Verne Smith Library/Technical Resource Center with 49,500 books and 658 serials. 830 computers available on campus for general student use. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See Furman University.

■ HORRY-GEORGETOWN TECHNICAL COLLEGE F-14

2050 Hwy. 501, PO Box 261966
Conway, SC 29528-6066
Tel: (843)347-3186
Admissions: (843)349-5277
Fax: (843)347-4207
E-mail: george.swindoll@hgtc.edu
Web Site: http://www.hgtc.edu/

Description:

State and locally supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1966. Setting: small town campus. Total enrollment: 5,362. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 16:1. 5% from top 10% of their high school class, 5% from top quarter, 45% from top half. Full-time: 2,446 students, 61% women, 39% men. Part-time: 2,916 students, 71% women, 29% men. Students come from 10 states and territories, 22 other countries, 11% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 24% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international. Retention: 51% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Option: early admission. Required for some: high school transcript. Application deadlines: Rolling, Rolling for nonresidents. Notification: continuous, continuous for nonresidents.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Area resident tuition: $2800 full-time, $117 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3544 full-time, $148 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4264 full-time, $178 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $144 full-time, $1 per credit hour part-time, $35 per term part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. College housing not available. Conway Campus Learning Resource Center plus 2 others with a Web page. 300 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

The college is located at the center of the largest tourist recreational environment along the Eastern Seaboard. Over 75 miles of white sand beaches as well as golf courses, restaurants, and hotels abound in the area. Air and bus service is available and Highway 17, the "Kings Highway", is the major coastal route in the area. Major arts and entertainment centers, libraries, churches, as well as numerous fraternal and civic organizations serve the community. There are extensive part-time employment opportunities for students, especially from March through September, the height of the tourist season.

■ ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE B-4

6 Independence Pointe
Greenville, SC 29615
Tel: (864)288-0777
Fax: (864)297-0053
Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/

Description:

Proprietary, primarily 2-year, coed. Part of ITT Educational Services, Inc. Awards terminal associate and bachelor's degrees. Founded 1992. Core.

Entrance Requirements:

Option: deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, interview, Wonderlic aptitude test. Recommended: recommendations. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $100.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. College housing not available.

■ LANDER UNIVERSITY E-4

320 Stanley Ave.
Greenwood, SC 29649-2099
Tel: (864)388-8000; 888-452-6337
Admissions: (864)388-8307
Fax: (864)388-8125
E-mail: admissions@lander.edu
Web Site: http://www.lander.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Part of South Carolina Commission on Higher Education. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1872. Setting: 100-acre small town campus. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $11,187. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4586 per student. Total enrollment: 2,703. Faculty: 190 (126 full-time, 64 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 19:1. 1,750 applied, 85% were admitted. 11% from top 10% of their high school class, 33% from top quarter, 72% from top half. Full-time: 2,373 students, 66% women, 34% men. Part-time: 239 students, 70% women, 30% men. Students come from 28 states and territories, 17 other countries, 3% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 24% black, 0.4% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 13% 25 or older, 33% live on campus, 9% transferred in. Retention: 63% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: history; business/marketing; education. Core. Calendar: semesters plus 3 summer sessions. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at University Center of Greenville. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, early admission, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, 1 recommendation, SAT or ACT. Recommended: interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 8/1. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $35. State resident tuition: $6108 full-time, $275 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $13,528 full-time, $564 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $560 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to degree level. Part-time tuition varies according to degree level. College room and board: $5468. College room only: $3360. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 49 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities, local fraternities, local sororities; 11% of eligible men and 12% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Students Promoting Intelligent Choices and Experiences (S.P.I.C.E.), Lander Association of Biological Science. Major annual events: Miss Lander Pageant, Homecoming, graduation. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 1,032 college housing spaces available; 971 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen given priority for college housing. Options: coed, women-only housing available. Jackson Library with 175,366 books, 149,680 microform titles, 763 serials, 2,913 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $798,827. 125 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Greenwood, an industrial city noted for its production of textiles, is located in west-central South Carolina. The climate is temperate and mild. Five rail lines, commercial air service, buses, and major highways serve the community. Public service facilities include one hospital and various health centers, an area mental health center, churches of all denominations, a library, and a YMCA. There are several motels, shopping, and various civic and fraternal organizations within the immediate area. Recreation includes several swimming pools, two recreation centers, 3 golf courses, baseball, football, tennis, basketball, and nearby Greenwood State Park, which provides water sports and picnic areas. Part-time employment is available.

■ LIMESTONE COLLEGE A-6

1115 College Dr.
Gaffney, SC 29340-3799
Tel: (864)489-7151
Free: 800-795-7151
Admissions: (864)488-4549
Fax: (864)487-8706
E-mail: cphenicie@limestone.edu
Web Site: http://www.limestone.edu/

Description:

Independent, 4-year, coed. Awards associate and bachelor's degrees. Founded 1845. Setting: 115-acre suburban campus with easy access to Charlotte. Endowment: $8.7 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $3711 per student. Total enrollment: 676. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 10:1. 884 applied, 58% were admitted. 7% from top 10% of their high school class, 20% from top quarter, 54% from top half. 1 class president, 7 student government officers. Full-time: 660 students, 46% women, 54% men. Part-time: 16 students, 38% women, 63% men. Students come from 29 states and territories, 9 other countries, 41% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 18% black, 0.4% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 3% international, 9% 25 or older, 49% live on campus, 9% transferred in. Retention: 67% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: education; business/marketing; psychology; parks and recreation. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Recommended: 2 recommendations, interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $21,000 includes full-time tuition ($15,000) and college room and board ($6000). Part-time tuition: $625 per credit hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group. Social organizations: 16 open to all; local sororities; 2% of women are members. Most popular organizations: Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Student Government Association, Gospel Choir, KDK, Student Ambassadors. Major annual events: Christmas On Campus, Mid-Term Madness, Earth Day. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling, women's center, student success center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 345 college housing spaces available; 304 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen given priority for college housing. On-campus residence required through junior year. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. A. J. Eastwood Library with 104,582 books, 2,630 microform titles, 289 serials, 2,707 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $221,973. 81 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Once predominately a cotton-textile manufacturing city, Gaffney has many diversified industries today including the manufacture of frozen foods, roller bearings, clothes, gloves, rugs, clay and concrete products. The surrounding agricultural area is a major producer of peaches, and also grain and livestock. The city is located 2 miles from Interstate I-85. Approximately 45 miles north is the Charlotte International Airport, and 40 miles south is the Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport. The community has several churches representing many denominations, and many civic and service organizations.

■ MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA J-11

171 Ashley Ave.
Charleston, SC 29425-0002
Tel: (843)792-2300
Admissions: (843)792-3813
Fax: (843)792-3764
Web Site: http://www.musc.edu/

Description:

State-supported, upper-level, coed. Awards bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and first professional degrees. Founded 1824. Setting: 61-acre urban campus. Endowment: $68.4 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $99.9 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $55,776 per student. Total enrollment: 2,428. Faculty: 1,281. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 12:1. Students come from 19 states and territories, 10% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 0.3% Hispanic, 16% black, 2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 59% 25 or older. Retention: 87% of full-time entering class returned the following year. Calendar: semesters. Advanced placement, independent study, distance learning, part-time degree program, internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at Charleston Higher Education Consortium, University of South Carolina, University Center of Greenville, Francis Marion University.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $75.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: 11 open to all. Most popular organizations: MUSC Student Government Association, Multicultural Group Advisory Board, Public Health Interest Group, International Association, Crisis Ministries. Major annual events: Alhambra, Back to School Party, Halloween Horror Cruise. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. Medical University of South Carolina Library plus 1 other with 225,061 books, 3,088 microform titles, 3,746 serials, 1,570 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $5.3 million. 200 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See The Citadel.

■ MIDLANDS TECHNICAL COLLEGE E-8

PO Box 2408
Columbia, SC 29202-2408
Tel: (803)738-1400
Admissions: (803)738-8324
Fax: (803)738-7784
E-mail: littlejohns@midlandstech.edu
Web Site: http://www.midlandstech.edu/

Description:

State and locally supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1974. Setting: 113-acre suburban campus. Endowment: $2.5 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $3594 per student. Total enrollment: 10,779. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 21:1. 4,409 applied, 69% were admitted. Full-time: 4,743 students, 55% women, 45% men. Part-time: 6,036 students, 69% women, 31% men. Students come from 33 states and territories, 5% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 37% black, 2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0.4% international, 40% 25 or older. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, self-designed majors, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for nursing, radiology programs. Options: Common Application, electronic application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: ACT ASSET. Recommended: high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Area resident tuition: $2904 full-time, $121 per credit part-time. State resident tuition: $3676 full-time, $157 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8612 full-time, $363 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $100 full-time, $50 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to class time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Student-run newspaper. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols. College housing not available. 89,618 books, 11,600 microform titles, 551 serials, 1,036 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. 125 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See University of South Carolina.

■ MILLER-MOTTE TECHNICAL COLLEGE J-11

8085 Rivers Ave., Ste. E
Charleston, SC 29418
Tel: (843)574-0101; 877-617-4740
Fax: (843)266-3434
E-mail: juliasc@miller-mott.net
Web Site: http://www.miller-motte.com/

Description:

Proprietary, 2-year, coed. Awards diplomas degrees. Founded 2000. Setting: urban campus.

■ MORRIS COLLEGE F-10

100 West College St.
Sumter, SC 29150-3599
Tel: (803)934-3200; (866)853-1345
Admissions: (803)934-3225
Fax: (803)773-3687
E-mail: dcalhoun@morris.edu
Web Site: http://www.morris.edu/

Description:

Independent, 4-year, coed, affiliated with Baptist Educational and Missionary Convention of South Carolina. Awards bachelor's degrees. Founded 1908. Setting: 34-acre small town campus. Endowment: $5.3 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4058 per student. Total enrollment: 863. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 17:1. 892 applied, 85% were admitted. 0% from top 10% of their high school class, 9% from top quarter, 24% from top half. Full-time: 844 students, 64% women, 36% men. Part-time: 19 students, 63% women, 37% men. Students come from 21 states and territories, 16% from out-of-state, 99% black, 11% 25 or older, 72% live on campus, 3% transferred in. Retention: 55% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; health professions and related sciences; security and protective services. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, honors program, double major, summer session for credit, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. ROTC: Army.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Option: deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, medical examination. Required for some: interview, SAT or ACT. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $20. Comprehensive fee: $12,234 includes full-time tuition ($8163), mandatory fees ($235), and college room and board ($3836). Part-time tuition: $330 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $45 per term. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to class time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 50 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 12% of eligible men and 11% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Student Government Association, New Emphasis on Nontraditional Students, Block 'M' Club, Students of South Carolina Educational Association, Baptist Student Union. Major annual events: Coronation of Miss Morris College, Thanksgiving Rally/Homecoming Parade, Homecoming Week. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour patrols, controlled dormitory access. 696 college housing spaces available; 684 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen given priority for college housing. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. Richardson-Johnson Learning Resources Center with 102,206 books, 202,608 microform titles, 414 serials, 3,955 audiovisual materials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $612,095. 210 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Sumter was named for General Thomas Sumter, "The Gamecock of the Revolution." The community is served by two bus lines and is 50 miles from an airport and 35 miles from rail service. The mean summer temperature is 90 degrees, and the mean winter temperature is 40 degrees. The city has many churches of various faiths, as well as a public library. Sumter offers both large natural parks and many lakes, and is famed for its Swan Lake Iris Gardens. Sports and recreation go hand-in-hand with the compatible climate and natural resources found in the community, and includes four theatres, a skating rink, bowling, and night-lit tennis courts.

■ NEWBERRY COLLEGE D-6

2100 College St.
Newberry, SC 29108-2197
Tel: (803)276-5010
Free: 800-845-4955
Admissions: (803)321-5129
E-mail: admissions@newberry.edu
Web Site: http://www.newberry.edu/

Description:

Independent Evangelical Lutheran, 4-year, coed. Awards bachelor's degrees. Founded 1856. Setting: 60-acre small town campus. Endowment: $15.3 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $3691 per student. Total enrollment: 841. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 12:1. 1,102 applied, 59% were admitted. 3 class presidents, 6 valedictorians, 48 student government officers. Full-time: 841 students, 40% women, 60% men. Students come from 26 states and territories, 13 other countries, 0.4% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 26% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 3% international, 4% 25 or older, 87% live on campus, 7% transferred in. Retention: 61% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; biological/life sciences; communications/journalism. Core. Calendar: semesters. Advanced placement, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, early admission, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Recommended: 1 recommendation, interview. Required for some: essay. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $26,511 includes full-time tuition ($18,900), mandatory fees ($731), and college room and board ($6880). College room only: $3230. Part-time tuition: $350 per hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $50 per term.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 15 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 30% of eligible men and 31% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Metoka Galeda (gospel choir and service group), Lutheran Student Movement, Baptist Student Union, Students Organized for Community Service. Major annual events: Homecoming, Fall Fling, Indian Princess event. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour patrols. 630 college housing spaces available; 552 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through junior year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Wessels Library with 79,899 books, 7,212 microform titles, 499 serials, 1,389 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $114,950. 78 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Newberry is located in the Piedmont region of South Carolina between Lakes Murray and Greenwood. The city enjoys mild weather. Community services include churches of many denominations, a hospital, a county library, and various civic and fraternal organizations. Local recreation and facilities include a swimming pool, barbecue facilities, parks, theaters, fishing, boating, swimming, and camping on nearby lakes. Part-time employment is available for college students.

■ NORTH GREENVILLE COLLEGE

PO Box 1892
Tigerville, SC 29688-1892
Tel: (864)977-7000
Free: 800-468-6642
Admissions: (864)977-7052
Fax: (864)977-7177
E-mail: ngccwf@infoave.net
Web Site: http://www.ngc.edu/

Description:

Independent Southern Baptist, 4-year, coed. Awards associate and bachelor's degrees. Founded 1892. Setting: 500-acre rural campus with easy access to Greenville. Endowment: $10.3 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $3322 per student. Total enrollment: 1,766. 900 applied, 81% were admitted. 13% from top 10% of their high school class, 38% from top quarter, 68% from top half. Full-time: 1,559 students, 53% women, 47% men. Part-time: 207 students, 48% women, 52% men. Students come from 28 states and territories, 24 other countries, 21% from out-of-state, 0.3% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 9% black, 0.4% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 7% 25 or older, 66% live on campus, 6% transferred in. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, freshman honors college, honors program, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, external degree program, internships. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: electronic application, early admission, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Recommended: minimum 2.0 high school GPA, CPT. Required for some: interview, CPT. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: 8/18. Notification: continuous. Preference given to Baptists.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $16,300 includes full-time tuition ($10,350) and college room and board ($5950). Part-time tuition: $200 per hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Most popular organizations: Baptist Student Union, Fellowship of Christians in Service, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Black Student Fellowship, Education Club. Major annual events: Homecoming, Founders' Day, Miss NGC Pageant. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, controlled dormitory access. 1,200 college housing spaces available; 1,163 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. Hester Memorial Library with 49,000 books, 2,930 microform titles, 536 serials, 5,644 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $398,682. 72 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Tigerville is a rural area adjacent to Greenville in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The climate is temperate. There are several civic and fraternal organizations and a Baptist Church in the community. Part-time employment is available. Local recreation includes hunting, fishing, rafting, fine arts and the advantages of nearby Greenville.

■ NORTHEASTERN TECHNICAL COLLEGE C-11

PO Drawer 1007
Cheraw, SC 29520-1007
Tel: (843)921-6900
Admissions: (843)921-6935
Fax: (843)537-6148
E-mail: mnewton@netc.edu
Web Site: http://www.netc.edu/

Description:

State and locally supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1967. Setting: 59-acre rural campus. Endowment: $27,621. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $1445 per student. Total enrollment: 1,115. 468 applied, 100% were admitted. Students come from 2 states and territories, 1% from out-of-state, 2% Native American, 0.4% Hispanic, 46% black, 0.4% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 45% 25 or older. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for nursing program. Option: early admission. Required: high school transcript, interview. Required for some: SAT. Entrance: noncompetitive.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $12.50. Area resident tuition: $2496 full-time, $104 per semester hour part-time. State resident tuition: $2688 full-time, $112 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4080 full-time, $170 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $30 full-time, $4 per semester hour part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Major annual event: Field Day. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices. College housing not available. Northeastern Technical College Library with 20,502 books, 261 serials, 690 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $167,842. 125 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Cheraw is a small community enjoying mild climate year-round. The city has a public library, a shopping center, churches of many denominations, and good medical facilities. There are several service and civic organizations active in the area.

■ ORANGEBURG-CALHOUN TECHNICAL COLLEGE G-8

3250 St Matthews Rd., NE
Orangeburg, SC 29118-8299
Tel: (803)536-0311
Admissions: (803)535-1218
Fax: (803)535-1388
Web Site: http://www.octech.edu/

Description:

State and locally supported, 2-year, coed. Part of State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education, South Carolina. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1968. Setting: 100-acre small town campus with easy access to Columbia. Endowment: $2.5 million. Total enrollment: 2,491. Full-time: 1,380 students, 68% women, 32% men. Part-time: 1,111 students, 77% women, 23% men. Students come from 5 states and territories, 1% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 0.3% Hispanic, 58% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 35% 25 or older, 4% transferred in. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, self-designed majors, independent study, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, early admission. Required: high school transcript. Required for some: interview. Placement: ACT ASSET required for some. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Most popular organization: Student Advisory Council. Major annual events: Get Acquainted Day, Awards Day. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols. College housing not available. Gressette Learning Center with 43,500 books, 143 serials, 2,253 audiovisual materials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $357,362. 361 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus.

Community Environment:

See South Carolina State University.

■ PIEDMONT TECHNICAL COLLEGE E-4

620 North Emerald Rd.
PO Box 1467
Greenwood, SC 29648-1467
Tel: (864)941-8324
Admissions: (864)941-8603
Fax: (864)941-8555
Web Site: http://www.ptc.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1966. Setting: 60-acre small town campus. Endowment: $1.1 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $124,427. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $2515 per student. Total enrollment: 4,911. 890 applied, 100% were admitted. Students come from 2 states and territories, 5 other countries, 1% from out-of-state, 38% 25 or older. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, independent study, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for nursing, health sciences programs. Options: electronic application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript. Recommended: interview. Placement: ACT ACCESS, ACT COMPASS required; SAT recommended. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous until 8/20.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Choral group. Social organizations: 18 open to all. Most popular organizations: National Honor Society, Career Peers (student volunteers), Student Nurses Association, Psychology Club, Ebony Club. Major annual events: Spring Activities Day, club fairs, Fall Convocation/Back to School Bash. Student services: personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. Piedmont Technical College Library with 27,497 books, 4,497 microform titles, 345 serials, 1,501 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $221,086. 320 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

In additions to Greenwood county campus, Piedmont has 6 county center campuses serving students of the service area which includes Abbeville, Laurens, Edgefield, McCormick, Saluda, and Newberry.

■ PRESBYTERIAN COLLEGE D-5

503 South Broad St.
Clinton, SC 29325
Tel: (864)833-2820
Free: 800-476-7272
Admissions: (864)833-8229
Fax: (864)833-8481
E-mail: lpatters@presby.edu
Web Site: http://www.presby.edu/

Description:

Independent, 4-year, coed, affiliated with Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Awards bachelor's degrees. Founded 1880. Setting: 215-acre small town campus with easy access to Greenville-Spartanburg. Endowment: $83.8 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $26.7 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $7696 per student. Total enrollment: 1,196. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 12:1. 1,110 applied, 76% were admitted. 31% from top 10% of their high school class, 62% from top quarter, 87% from top half. Full-time: 1,138 students, 51% women, 49% men. Part-time: 58 students, 64% women, 36% men. Students come from 30 states and territories, 13 other countries, 33% from out-of-state, 0.2% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 5% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 1% 25 or older, 94% live on campus, 1% transferred in. Retention: 83% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; biological/life sciences; education. Core. Calendar: semesters. Services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, freshman honors college, honors program, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, internships. Off campus study at Gulf Coast Marine Laboratory, American University. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, electronic application, early decision, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: essay, high school transcript, 1 recommendation, SAT or ACT. Recommended: interview. Entrance: very difficult. Application deadlines: 4/1, 12/5 for early decision. Notification: continuous until 6/1, 1/31 for early decision.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $30,044 includes full-time tuition ($21,222), mandatory fees ($2022), and college room and board ($6800). College room only: $3340. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $885 per semester hour. Part-time tuition varies according to program.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 60 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 80% of eligible men and 65% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: student volunteer services, intramurals, Student Union Board, Fellowship of Christian Athletes. Major annual events: homecoming, Special Olympics. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 1,147 college housing spaces available; 1,099 were occupied in 2003-04. On-campus residence required through senior year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. James H. Thomason Library with 155,830 books, 13,376 microform titles, 740 serials, 9,037 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $828,683. 130 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Located in the Piedmont section of South Carolina, Clinton is approximately 64 miles northwest of Columbia. The annual mean January temperature is 43.6 degrees; July 79.9 degrees. The community has air and bus service and is adjacent to U.S. Highway 76, I-385; I-26. There are many churches of various denominations, a hospital, hotels and motels in town. Part-time employment is available. Local recreational facilities include tennis, golf, theatre and swimming; nearby Lake Greenwood provides boating, fishing and hunting. Various civic, fraternal and veteran's organizations are active in the community.

■ SOUTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY G-8

300 College St. Northeast
Orangeburg, SC 29117-0001
Tel: (803)536-7000
Free: 800-260-5956
Admissions: (803)536-8408
Fax: (803)536-8990
Web Site: http://www.scsu.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Part of South Carolina Commission on Higher Education. Awards bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees and post-master's certificates. Founded 1896. Setting: 160-acre small town campus. Endowment: $651,061. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $2.8 million. Total enrollment: 4,294. 4,364 applied, 53% were admitted. 6% from top 10% of their high school class, 22% from top quarter, 56% from top half. 35 student government officers. Full-time: 3,345 students, 57% women, 43% men. Part-time: 359 students, 64% women, 36% men. Students come from 36 states and territories, 26 other countries, 14% from out-of-state, 0.03% Native American, 0.2% Hispanic, 98% black, 0.3% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 0.02% 25 or older, 58% live on campus, 7% transferred in. Retention: 76% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, honors program, independent study, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at National Student Exchange. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army, Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Recommended: SAT Subject Tests. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: 7/31. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. State resident tuition: $6480 full-time, $270 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $13,288 full-time, $554 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $185 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, degree level, reciprocity agreements, and student level. Part-time tuition varies according to course load, degree level, reciprocity agreements, and student level. College room and board: $6028. College room only: $3642. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 89 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities, local fraternities, local sororities; 20% of eligible men and 20% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: student government, Student Union Board, NAACP. Major annual events: Spring Convocation, Smith-Hammond Middleton Memorial Program, Bulldog Fest. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. College housing designed to accommodate 2,049 students; 2,142 undergraduates lived in college housing during 2003-04. Freshmen given priority for college housing. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. Miller F. Whittaker Library plus 1 other with 273,264 books, 1,346 serials, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $1.3 million. 300 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Orangeburg is in an agricultural and dairying area. Its industries include textiles, wood products, meat packing, chemicals, and baking goods. This is a suburban community with a temperate climate. Airline service is available at nearby Columbia. Railroad and bus lines serve the immediate community. There is a public library, churches of major denominations, a hospital, and major civic and fraternal organizations. Some part-time employment is available. Local recreation includes four theatres, swimming, fishing and many sports.

■ SOUTH UNIVERSITY E-8

3810 Main St.
Columbia, SC 29203-6400
Tel: (803)799-9082; (866)629-3031
Fax: (803)799-9038
Web Site: http://www.southuniversity.edu/

Description:

Proprietary, comprehensive, coed. Part of South University-Savannah. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1935. Setting: 2-acre urban campus. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $528 per student. Total enrollment: 491. Faculty: 40 (18 full-time, 22 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 15:1. 162 applied, 69% were admitted. 0% from top 10% of their high school class, 11% from top quarter, 77% from top half. Full-time: 289 students, 81% women, 19% men. Part-time: 137 students, 88% women, 12% men. 0% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 90% black, 0.5% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 71% 25 or older, 19% transferred in. Retention: 42% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: law/legal studies; business/marketing. Core. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: electronic application, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, interview. Recommended: SAT and SAT Subject Tests or ACT. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Tuition: $11,475 full-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: 2 open to all. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices. College housing not available. South University Library with 10,765 books, 100 serials, 250 audiovisual materials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $184,505. 40 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus.

■ SOUTHERN METHODIST COLLEGE G-8

541 Broughton Stret, PO Box 1027
Orangeburg, SC 29116-1027
Tel: (803)534-7826
Free: 800-360-1503
Web Site: http://www.smcollege.edu/

Description:

Independent religious, 4-year, coed. Awards associate and bachelor's degrees. Founded 1956. Endowment: $397,606. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $6815 per student. Total enrollment: 77. Full-time: 61 students, 62% women, 38% men. Part-time: 16 students, 75% women, 25% men. Students come from 7 states and territories, 1 other country, 15% from out-of-state, 0% Native American, 0% Hispanic, 52% black, 0% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 69% 25 or older, 19% live on campus, 9% transferred in. Core. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, honors program, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at Williamson Christian College.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Common Application, early admission, early action, deferred admission. Required: essay, high school transcript, 3 recommendations, interview, health certificate. Recommended: SAT or ACT. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadlines: 7/15, 7/15 for early action. Notification: continuous until 7/22.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $9400 includes full-time tuition ($4600), mandatory fees ($600), and college room and board ($4200). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time and course load. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $192 per semester hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $25 per semester hour. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to class time and course load.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. 13 undergraduates lived in college housing during 2003-04. No special consideration for freshman housing applicants. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. Lynn Corbett Library with 21,743 books, 10,000 microform titles, 60 serials, and 171 audiovisual materials. 6 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See South Carolina State University.

■ SOUTHERN WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY C-2

907 Wesleyan Dr., PO Box 1020
Central, SC 29630-1020
Tel: (864)644-5000
Free: 800-289-1292
Admissions: (864)644-5550
Fax: (864)644-5900
Web Site: http://www.swu.edu/

Description:

Independent, comprehensive, coed, affiliated with Wesleyan Church. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1906. Setting: 230-acre small town campus. Endowment: $2.4 million. Total enrollment: 2,632. Faculty: 228 (50 full-time, 178 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 17:1. 401 applied, 66% were admitted. 13% from top 10% of their high school class, 23% from top quarter, 75% from top half. 1 National Merit Scholar, 2 valedictorians. Full-time: 1,909 students, 66% women, 34% men. Part-time: 86 students, 70% women, 30% men. Students come from 27 states and territories, 5 other countries, 15% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 36% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 16% live on campus, 3% transferred in. Retention: 64% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; education; parks and recreation. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, freshman honors college, honors program, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at Clemson University, Tri-County Technical College, Council for Christian Colleges and Universities. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, electronic application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.3 high school GPA, 2 recommendations, lifestyle statement, SAT or ACT. Required for some: interview. Application deadline: 8/11. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $20,900 includes full-time tuition ($15,000), mandatory fees ($450), and college room and board ($5450). College room only: $2050. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, degree level, and program. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $460 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $225 per term. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and degree level.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group. Social organizations: 10 open to all. Most popular organizations: Student Government Association, Student Missions Fellowship, Ministry Teams, Music Club, Council for Exceptional Children. Major annual events: homecoming, Spiritual Emphasis Week, Christmas Banquet. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices, late night security patrols. 362 college housing spaces available; 330 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through senior year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Rickman Library with 88,983 books, 975 microform titles, 525 serials, 3,502 audiovisual materials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $535,189. 92 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Central is located in the Piedmont section of South Carolina, between Atlanta, Georgia, and Charlotte, North Carolina. The community is five miles North of Clemson and is located near the metropolitan area of Greenville.

■ SPARTANBURG METHODIST COLLEGE B-5

1200 Textile Rd.
Spartanburg, SC 29301-0009
Tel: (864)587-4000
Free: 800-772-7286
Admissions: (864)587-4223
Fax: (864)587-4355
Web Site: http://www.smcsc.edu/

Description:

Independent Methodist, 2-year, coed. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1911. Setting: 111-acre urban campus with easy access to Charlotte, NC. Endowment: $14.3 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $5200 per student. Total enrollment: 779. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 23:1. 999 applied, 84% were admitted. 9% from top 10% of their high school class, 33% from top quarter, 65% from top half. 16 class presidents, 161 student government officers. Full-time: 716 students, 50% women, 50% men. Part-time: 63 students, 65% women, 35% men. Students come from 9 states and territories, 6 other countries, 6% from out-of-state, 0.3% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 32% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 6% 25 or older, 75% live on campus, 4% transferred in. Retention: 59% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, honors program, independent study, summer session for credit, part-time degree program. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Common Application, electronic application, deferred admission. Required: essay, high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, rank in upper 75% of high school class, SAT or ACT. Recommended: interview. Required for some: recommendations, interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $20. Comprehensive fee: $15,476 includes full-time tuition ($9816), mandatory fees ($150), and college room and board ($5510). College room only: $2784. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $260 per credit. Part-time tuition varies according to course load.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 14 open to all. Most popular organizations: College Christian Movement, Alpha Phi Omega, Campus Union, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Kappa Sigma Alpha. Major annual events: College Wide Day of Service, Homecoming, Field Day. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 530 college housing spaces available; all were occupied in 2003-04. No special consideration for freshman housing applicants. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Marie Blair Burgess Learning Resource Center with 75,000 books, 2,900 microform titles, 5,000 serials, 3,150 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $178,000. 48 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See Converse College.

■ SPARTANBURG TECHNICAL COLLEGE B-5

PO Box 4386
Spartanburg, SC 29305-4386
Tel: (864)591-3600
Admissions: (864)592-4800
Web Site: http://www.stcsc.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded1961. Setting: 104-acre suburban campus. Total enrollment: 4,409. 2% from out-of-state, 0.2% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 27% black, 3% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 43% 25 or older. Core. Calendar: semesters plus summer sessions. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Option: early admission. Required: high school transcript. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $3094 full-time, $127 per hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3860 full-time, $159 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $5490 full-time, $228 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $20 full-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 5 open to all. Student services: personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour patrols. College housing not available. Spartanburg Technical College Library with 36,173 books, 295 serials, 3,534 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. 360 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See Converse College.

■ TECHNICAL COLLEGE OF THE LOWCOUNTRY K-9

921 Ribaut Rd., PO Box 1288
Beaufort, SC 29901-1288
Tel: (843)525-8324
Admissions: (843)525-8307
E-mail: lbrediger@tcl.edu
Web Site: http://www.tclonline.org/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina Technical and Comprehensive Education System. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1972. Setting: 12-acre small town campus. Total enrollment: 1,765. 75% 25 or older. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, self-designed majors, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for nursing program. Options: early admission, deferred admission. Required: ACT ASSET. Recommended: SAT and SAT Subject Tests or ACT. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Campus security: security during class hours. College housing not available. 25,226 books and 244 serials. 106 computers available on campus for general student use.

■ TRI-COUNTY TECHNICAL COLLEGE C-2

PO Box 587, 7900 Hwy. 76
Pendleton, SC 29670-0587
Tel: (864)646-8361
Admissions: (864)646-1500
E-mail: admstaff@tricty.tricounty.tec.sc.us
Web Site: http://www.tctc.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1962. Setting: 100-acre rural campus. Total enrollment: 4,100. Students come from 3 states and territories, 7 other countries, 0.3% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 11% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 38% 25 or older. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, advanced placement, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. ROTC: Army (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for allied health programs. Option: early admission. Placement: SAT, National League of Nursing Exam required for some. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Collegiate Environment:

Student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 14 open to all. Major annual events: Welcome Back Bash, Annual Talent Show. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols. College housing not available. Tri-County Technical College Library with 34,513 books, 356 serials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $380,152. 600 computers available on campus for general student use. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ TRIDENT TECHNICAL COLLEGE J-11

PO Box 118067
Charleston, SC 29423-8067
Tel: (843)574-6111
Admissions: (843)574-6483
Fax: (843)574-6109
Web Site: http://www.tridenttech.edu/

Description:

State and locally supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1964. Setting: urban campus. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $3750 per student. Total enrollment: 11,795. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 18:1. Full-time: 5,270 students, 61% women, 39% men. Part-time: 6,525 students, 65% women, 35% men. 1% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 28% black, 2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 47% 25 or older. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, co-op programs.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for nursing, allied health programs. Options: Common Application, early admission. Required for some: high school transcript. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: 8/4. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Area resident tuition: $2950 full-time, $120 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3276 full-time, $134 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $5586 full-time, $230 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $50 full-time, $5 per credit hour part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 33 open to all. Major annual events: Holiday Drop-in, Big Band Concert, Spring Week Carnival. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. Learning Resources Center plus 3 others with 68,462 books and 868 serials. 500 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

North Charleston is a suburb located just eight miles from downtown Charleston. The community enjoys all the cultural, recreational and civic advantages of the nearby larger community, yet retains an air of the small town. There are good shopping areas, churches, parks and theatres.

■ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA E-8

Columbia, SC 29208
Tel: (803)777-7000
Admissions: (803)777-7700
E-mail: admissions-ugrad@scarolina.edu
Web Site: http://www.sc.edu/

Description:

State-supported, university, coed. Part of University of South Carolina System. Awards bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and first professional degrees and post-master's certificates. Founded 1801. Setting: 315-acre urban campus. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $78.2 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $8011 per student. Total enrollment: 27,065. Faculty: 1,567 (1,190 full-time, 377 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 18:1. 13,023 applied, 68% were admitted. 26% from top 10% of their high school class, 60% from top quarter, 91% from top half. 31 National Merit Scholars, 65 valedictorians. Full-time: 16,399 students, 55% women, 45% men. Part-time: 1,963 students, 50% women, 50% men. Students come from 54 states and territories, 66 other countries, 12% from out-of-state, 0.3% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 14% black, 3% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 9% 25 or older, 46% live on campus, 6% transferred in. Retention: 83% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; social sciences; communications/journalism.
Core. Calendar: semesters. ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, freshman honors college, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, external degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army, Air Force.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: electronic application, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 12/1. Notification: continuous until 10/1.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $50. State resident tuition: $6914 full-time, $324 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $18,556 full-time, $844 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition varies according to program. College room and board: $6080. Room and board charges vary according to board plan, housing facility, and location.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 270 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 14% of eligible men and 15% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Association of African-American Students, Baptist Student Union, Garnet Circle/Student Alumni. Major annual events: Homecoming, Tigerburn, Greek Week. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access, Division of Law Enforcement and Safety. 6,937 college housing spaces available. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required in freshman year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Thomas Cooper Library plus 7 others with 3.4 million books, 5.1 million microform titles, 22,744 serials, 46,648 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $15.5 million. 2,432 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Columbia is located in the Midlands, halfway between the coast and the mountains - an easy two-and-a-half hour drive to some of the nicest beaches on the East Coast and some of the Carolinas' best hiking trails. A few blocks east of the university lies bustling Five Points, a longtime favorite of students for it boutiques, bookstores, restaurants, and bars. West of the university lies the Congaree Vista, a more upscale shopping and eating district. As the state's capital city, Columbia is home to the state government, as well as several other colleges and universities. Culture and entertainment abound. The city has several theatre groups, an art museum, and an art center that brings in major musical, dance, and theatre entertainment. For relaxation on Columbia's balmy spring-like days, downtown's Finlay Park is close by, and nearby Lake Murray offers swimming, camping, and fishing.

■ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AIKEN G-6

471 University Parkway
Aiken, SC 29801-6309
Tel: (803)648-6851; 888-WOW-USCA
Fax: (803)641-3727
E-mail: admit@aiken.sc.edu
Web Site: http://www.usca.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Part of University of South Carolina System. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1961. Setting: 453-acre suburban campus with easy access to Columbia. Endowment: $15.6 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $144,263. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4986 per student. Total enrollment: 3,303. Faculty: 246 (147 full-time, 99 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 16:1. 2,064 applied, 48% were admitted. 15% from top 10% of their high school class, 39% from top quarter, 79% from top half. 10 valedictorians. Full-time: 2,270 students, 67% women, 33% men. Part-time: 880 students, 68% women, 32% men. Students come from 35 states and territories, 24 other countries, 11% from out-of-state, 0.2% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 26% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 26% 25 or older, 22% live on campus, 9% transferred in. Retention: 60% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; education; social sciences. Core. Calendar: semesters. ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at other units of the University of South Carolina System. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, electronic application, early admission, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum SAT of 800 or ACT of 17, SAT or ACT. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 8/1. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $35. State resident tuition: $5928 full-time, $258 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $12,070 full-time, $520 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $230 full-time, $8 per semester hour part-time, $7 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $5560. College room only: $3800. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 53 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 1% of eligible men and 1% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: student government, Pacesetters, Student Alumni Ambassadors, African-American Student Alliance, Pacer Union Board. Major annual events: Homecoming Week, leadership training events, Black History Month. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service. 680 college housing spaces available; 672 were occupied in 2003-04. Option: coed housing available. Gregg-Graniteville Library with 165,459 books, 26,566 microform titles, 745 serials, 915 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $1 million. 450 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Aiken, population c. 24,929, is the seat of Aiken County and is about 17 miles from Augusta, Georgia.

■ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA BEAUFORT K-9

801 Carteret St.
Beaufort, SC 29902-4601
Tel: (843)521-4100
Web Site: http://www.sc.edu/beaufort/

Description:

State-supported, 4-year, coed. Part of University of South Carolina System. Awards associate and bachelor's degrees. Founded 1959. Setting: 5-acre small town campus. Endowment: $832,000. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $107,353. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4642 per student. Total enrollment: 1,319. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 15:1. 464 applied, 87% were admitted. 5% from top 10% of their high school class, 22% from top quarter, 52% from top half. Full-time: 676 students, 62% women, 38% men. Part-time: 643 students, 56% women, 44% men. Students come from 47 states and territories, 18 other countries, 19% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 4% Hispanic, 16% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 33% 25 or older, 12% transferred in. Retention: 56% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: education; business/marketing; social sciences. Core. Calendar: semesters. Services for LD students, advanced placement, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships. Off campus study. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Common Application, electronic application, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Recommended: minimum 2.0 high school GPA. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $4954 full-time, $207 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $11,870 full-time, $495 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $330 full-time, $10 per credit hour part-time. College room only: $6900.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 8 open to all. Most popular organizations: Student Government Association, Gamma Beta Phi, Black Student Organization, Business Club, Environmental Awareness Club. Major annual events: student cookouts, Christmas Party, Spring Fling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices, evening security service. College housing not available. University of South Carolina at Beaufort Library plus 1 other with 50,000 books, 395 serials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $449,830. 85 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA LANCASTER C-8

PO Box 889
Lancaster, SC 29721-0889
Tel: (803)313-7471
Admissions: (803)313-7000
Fax: (803)313-7106
E-mail: bparker@gwm.sc.edu
Web Site: http://usclancaster.sc.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of University of South Carolina System. Awards transfer associate and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1959. Setting: 17-acre small town campus with easy access to Charlotte. Total enrollment: 943. 302 applied, 98% were admitted. 10% from top 10% of their high school class, 25% from top quarter, 50% from top half. Students come from 3 states and territories, 1 other country, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Hispanic, 19% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 37% 25 or older. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, honors program, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Common Application, early admission. Required: high school transcript. Placement: SAT or ACT required. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Choral group, student-run newspaper. Student services: personal-psychological counseling, women's center. College housing not available. Medford Library with 68,192 books and 454 serials. 25 computers available on campus for general student use.

■ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA SALKEHATCHIE I-7

PO Box 617
Allendale, SC 29810-0617
Tel: (803)584-3446
Web Site: http://uscsalkehatchie.sc.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of University of South Carolina System. Awards transfer associate degrees. Founded 1965. Setting: 95-acre rural campus. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $2086 per student. Total enrollment: 777. 15% from top 10% of their high school class, 45% from top quarter, 75% from top half. 10 valedictorians. Students come from 3 states and territories, 1% from out-of-state, 41% black, 27% 25 or older. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships. ROTC: Army (c), Naval (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Student-run newspaper. Major annual event: Feast Day. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices. College housing not available. Salkehatchie Learning Resource Center with 47,877 books, 11,477 microform titles, 832 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $371,233. 70 computers available on campus for general student use. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA SUMTER F-10

200 Miller Rd.
Sumter, SC 29150-2498
Tel: (803)775-8727
Admissions: (803)938-3882
E-mail: kbritton@uscsumter.edu
Web Site: http://www.uscsumter.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of University of South Carolina System. Awards transfer associate degrees. Founded 1966. Setting: 50-acre urban campus. Endowment: $1.8 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $25,459. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4064 per student. Total enrollment: 1,020. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 19:1. 453 applied, 62% were admitted. 1 class president, 3 student government officers. Full-time: 580 students, 63% women, 37% men. Part-time: 440 students, 58% women, 42% men. Students come from 2 states and territories, 4 other countries, 1% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 26% black, 3% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0.1% international, 30% 25 or older, 11% transferred in. Retention: 56% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Calendar: semesters. Services for LD students, advanced placement, honors program, independent study, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs. ROTC: Army (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Common Application, electronic application, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 8/8.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $4064 full-time, $169 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $10,124 full-time, $422 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $260 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to degree level.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group. Social organizations: 16 open to all. Most popular organizations: Association of African-American Students, Baptist Student Union, Student Education Association, Gamecock Ambassadors, Environmental Club. Major annual events: Convocation, Alcohol Awareness Week Festival, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day festivities. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. University of South Carolina at Sumter Library with 81,114 books, 12,938 microform titles, 1,114 serials, 913 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $302,089. 355 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA UNION C-6

PO Drawer 729
Union, SC 29379-0729
Tel: (864)427-3681
Admissions: (864)429-8728
Web Site: http://uscunion.sc.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of University of South Carolina System. Awards transfer associate degrees. Founded 1965. Setting: small town campus with easy access to Charlotte. Total enrollment:321. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 14:1. 127 applied, 89% were admitted. 5% from top 10% of their high school class, 18% from top quarter, 41% from top half. Full-time: 161 students, 69% women, 31% men. Part-time: 160 students, 69% women, 31% men. Students come from 2 states and territories, 1% from out-of-state, 0.3% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 27% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 35% 25 or older, 12% transferred in. Calendar: semesters. Part-time degree program.

Entrance Requirements:

Required: high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $4064 full-time, $169 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $10,124 full-time, $422 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $100 full-time, $10 per hour part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 12 open to all. College housing not available. 30 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus.

■ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA UPSTATE B-5

800 University Way
Spartanburg, SC 29303-4999
Tel: (864)503-5000
Free: 800-277-8727
Admissions: (864)503-5280
Fax: (864)503-5201
E-mail: dstewart@uscupstate.edu
Web Site: http://www.uscupstate.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Part of University of South Carolina System. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1967. Setting: 300-acre urban campus with easy access to Charlotte. Endowment: $2.6 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $354,813. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $6436 per student. Total enrollment: 4,484. Faculty: 356 (207 full-time, 149 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 15:1. 2,296 applied, 33% were admitted. 12% from top 10% of their high school class, 38% from top quarter, 71% from top half. 5 valedictorians. Full-time: 3,564 students, 66% women, 34% men. Part-time: 845 students, 67% women, 33% men. Students come from 37 states and territories, 42 other countries, 3% from out-of-state, 0.4% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 26% black, 3% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 32% 25 or older, 15% live on campus, 13% transferred in. Retention: 61% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: education; business/marketing; health professions and related sciences. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at Wofford College, Greenville Higher Education Consortium. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, electronic application, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, college prep courses, SAT or ACT. Entrance: moderately difficult. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $6436 full-time, $282 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $13,274 full-time, $583 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $326 full-time, $11 per hour part-time, $25 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. College room and board: $5160. College room only: $3200. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 56 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 4% of eligible men and 4% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: African-American Association, Campus Activity Board, Student Nurses Association, Student Government Association, Association for the Education of Young Children. Major annual events: Premier Fall Kick-Off, Technology Fair, Angel Tree Program. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, campus security cameras. 730 college housing spaces available; 400 were occupied in 2003-04. Option: coed housing available. University of South Carolina Upstate Library with 188,572 books, 55,051 microform titles, 14,953 serials, 7,640 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $1.9 million. 320 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Spartanburg, South Carolina, is one of the fastest-growing communities in the region, located on the thriving Interstate 85 corridor about three hours from Atlanta and an hour and a half from Charlotte, North Carolina. The Blue Ridge Mountains are less than an hour away; South Carolina's Grand Strand and historic Low Country are a four-hour drive in the other direction. The area has a growing international presence, and arts and cultural activities that would be the envy of many larger cities.

■ VOORHEES COLLEGE H-7

1411 Voorhees Rd., PO Box 678
Denmark, SC 29042
Tel: (803)793-3351
Free: 800-446-6250
Admissions: (803)703-7124
Fax: (803)793-5773
Web Site: http://www.voorhees.edu/

Description:

Independent Episcopal, 4-year, coed. Awards bachelor's degrees. Founded 1897. Setting: 350-acre rural campus. Endowment: $5 million. Total enrollment: 847. 2,624 applied, 41% were admitted. 1% from top 10% of their high school class, 44% from top quarter, 50% from top half. Full-time: 807 students, 66% women, 34% men. Part-time: 40 students, 30% women, 70% men. Students come from 18 states and territories, 5 other countries, 0% Native American, 0% Hispanic, 95% black, 0% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 4% international, 26% 25 or older, 85% live on campus, 5% transferred in. Retention: 58% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, honors program, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Common Application, electronic application, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Required for some: high school transcript, interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $11,848 includes full-time tuition ($7106), mandatory fees ($170), and college room and board ($4572). College room only: $1904. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $242 per semester hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $170 per term.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 30 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 15% of eligible men and 10% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: White Rose, Elizabeth Evelyn Wright Culture Club. Major annual events: Founders' Day, Homecoming, Fall Convocation. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service. 550 college housing spaces available; 404 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Wright-Potts Library with 107,260 books, 24,266 microform titles, 408 serials, 1,172 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $213,167. 300 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Denmark is a rural community located in south central South Carolina. The climate is temperate. There is a public library, local hospitals and several churches representing various denominations. The Lions Club, Masonic Lodge, and Woodmen of the World are active within the community. Recreation includes golf, swimming, boating, fishing and a local theatre.

■ WILLIAMSBURG TECHNICAL COLLEGE G-11

601 Martin Luther King, Jr Ave.
Kingstree, SC 29556-4197
Tel: (843)355-4110
Free: 800-768-2021
Fax: (843)355-4296
Web Site: http://www.wiltech.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1969. Setting: 41-acre rural campus. Endowment: $52,987. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $1476 per student. Total enrollment: 595. 0% from out-of-state, 0% Native American, 0.2% Hispanic, 71% black, 0.3% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 49% 25 or older. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, independent study, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Common Application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript. Placement: ACT ASSET, ACT COMPASS required; SAT or ACT recommended. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Collegiate Environment:

Social organizations: 9 open to all; national fraternities, local fraternities, local sororities; 30% of eligible men and 30% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Student Government Association, National Vocational-Technical Honor Society, Phi Theta Kappa International Honor Society, Computer Club. Major annual events: Tech Fest, Miss Tech Pageant, Christmas Party. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. Learning Resource Center with 25,456 books, 24,365 microform titles, 109 serials, 3,601 audiovisual materials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $134,408. 100 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ WINTHROP UNIVERSITY B-8

701 Oakland Ave.
Rock Hill, SC 29733
Tel: (803)323-2211
Free: 800-763-0230
Admissions: (803)323-2191
Fax: (803)323-2137
E-mail: admissions@winthrop.edu
Web Site: http://www.winthrop.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Part of South Carolina Commission on Higher Education. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1886. Setting: 418-acre suburban campus with easy access to Charlotte. Endowment: $693,815. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $316,031. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4460 per student. Total enrollment: 6,480. Faculty: 542 (270 full-time, 272 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 14:1. 4,304 applied, 69% were admitted. 22% from top 10% of their high school class, 56% from top quarter, 92% from top half. Full-time: 4,587 students, 69% women, 31% men. Part-time: 600 students, 72% women, 28% men. Students come from 41 states and territories, 30 other countries, 11% 25 or older, 43% live on campus, 7% transferred in. Retention: 72% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; education; visual and performing arts. Core. Calendar: semesters. Services for LD students, advanced placement, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at National Student Exchange, 19 members of the Charlotte Area Educational Consortium. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, 1 recommendation, SAT or ACT. Recommended: essay. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 5/1. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $8756 full-time, $364 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $16,150 full-time, $673 per semester hour part-time. Full-time tuition varies according to degree level. Part-time tuition varies according to degree level. College room and board: $5352. College room only: $3420. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 115 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities. Most popular organizations: Ebonites, campus ministries, Student Government Association, Dinkins Student Union. Major annual events: Homecoming, Greek Week, Convocation/Student Activities Fair. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Dacus Library with 414,879 books, 1.2 million microform titles, 1,446 serials, 2,884 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $2.2 million. 250 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Rock Hill is a small progressive city of nearly 50,000 residents located 30 miles below Charlotte, North Carolina. The city is uniquely situated to offer the advantages of both small town living and big city amenities. Diversified industry fuels a growing local economy which produces textiles, wood, paper, concrete, plastic and chemical products. Rock Hill's facilities include the Museum of York County (featuring the world's largest collection of hooved African animals); Winthrop Galleries, host to local, national and international artists; Winthrop Coliseum, Glencairn Gardens, a six acre garden spot; and Cherry Park, a 68 acre recreation park featuring five major league baseball and softball diamonds, which attracts major tournaments from throughout the United States. Opportunities for recreation in the mild piedmont climate are plentiful. The city maintains a system of 28 parks that offer athletic fields and courts, play areas, fitness, walking and jogging trails, and amphitheaters. Lakes 20 minutes away are a convenient destination for water sports and sailing.

■ WOFFORD COLLEGE B-5

429 North Church St.
Spartanburg, SC 29303-3663
Tel: (864)597-4000
Admissions: (864)597-4130
Fax: (864)597-4149
E-mail: admissions@wofford.edu
Web Site: http://www.wofford.edu/

Description:

Independent, 4-year, coed, affiliated with United Methodist Church. Awards bachelor's degrees. Founded 1854. Setting: 140-acre urban campus with easy access to Charlotte. Endowment: $123 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $6761 per student. Total enrollment: 1,173. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 12:1. 1,871 applied, 66% were admitted. 58% from top 10% of their high school class, 83% from top quarter, 98% from top half. 1 National Merit Scholar, 8 class presidents, 19 valedictorians, 42 student government officers. Full-time: 1,158 students, 48% women, 52% men. Part-time: 15 students, 33% women, 67% men. Students come from 30 states and territories, 5 other countries, 35% from out-of-state, 0.3% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 6% black, 2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 0% 25 or older, 88% live on campus, 2% transferred in. Retention: 89% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; biological/life sciences; social sciences. Core. Calendar: 4-1-4. Advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, internships. Off campus study at Converse College, University of South Carolina-Spartanburg. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, early admission, early decision, deferred admission. Required: essay, high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Recommended: 2 recommendations, interview. Entrance: very difficult. Application deadlines: 2/1, 11/15 for early decision. Notification: 3/15, 12/1 for early decision.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $40. Comprehensive fee: $30,935 includes full-time tuition ($24,130) and college room and board ($6805). Part-time tuition: $875 per hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 68 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 51% of eligible men and 59% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: performing arts groups, Twin Towers student volunteers, Fellowship of Christian Athletes. Major annual events: homecoming, Spring Weekend/Greek Games, Phi Beta Kappa Day. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. College housing designed to accommodate 966 students; 1,029 undergraduates lived in college housing during 2003-04. Freshmen given priority for college housing. On-campus residence required through senior year. Option: coed housing available. Sandor Teszler Library with 245,730 books, 37,005 microform titles, 10,046 serials, 2,796 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. 35 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Spartanburg County (population 250,000) is a thriving, rapidly growing Sunbelt business center that is particularly well known for its international community. Wofford students live in a downtown setting near restaurants, churches of all denominations, shopping districts, a busy arts center, and four other college campuses. Memorial Auditorium, Wofford's next-door neighbor, features concerts, touring Broadway plays, and other special attractions. Several major airlines serve the convenient Greenville-Spartanburg Airport, which is only twenty miles from the campus. Interstate highways 26 and 85 intersect at Spartanburg. Charlotte, Atlanta, historic Charleston, and South Carolina's world-famous coastal resorts are all within a pleasant afternoon drive.

■ YORK TECHNICAL COLLEGE B-8

452 South Anderson Rd.
Rock Hill, SC 29730-3395
Tel: (803)327-8000
Admissions: (803)981-7021
Fax: (803)327-8059
E-mail: kaldridge@yorktech.com
Web Site: http://www.yorktech.com/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1961. Setting: 110-acre small town campus with easy access to Charlotte. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $2900 per student. Total enrollment: 4,153. Full-time: 2,039 students, 60% women, 40% men. Part-time: 2,114 students, 67% women, 33% men. 2% from out-of-state, 2% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 24% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0.02% international, 39% 25 or older. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, honors program, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at Charlotte Area Educational Consortium.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for health and human services program. Option: electronic application. Required for some: high school transcript, SAT, ACT, or ACT ASSET, ACT COMPASS. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $2900 full-time, $121 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3264 full-time, $136 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $6528 full-time, $272 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $136 full-time, $4 per credit hour part-time, $68 per term part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: 16 open to all. Most popular organizations: Jacobin Society, Phi Theta Kappa, Student Government Association, Phi Beta Lambda, Student Activities Board. Major annual events: Tech Fest, Welcome Back Blast, Health Fair. Campus security: 24-hour patrols. College housing not available. Anne Springs Close Library with 26,947 books, 50,574 microform titles, 475 serials, 1,813 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. 250 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See Winthrop University.

South Carolina

State of South Carolina

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: Named in honor of King Charles I of England.

NICKNAME: The Palmetto State.

CAPITAL: Columbia.

ENTERED UNION: 23 May 1788 (8th).

SONG: "Carolina;" "South Carolina on My Mind."

MOTTO: Animis opibusque parati (Prepared in mind and resources); Dum spiro spero (While I breathe, I hope).

COAT OF ARMS: A palmetto stands erect, with a ravaged oak (representing the British fleet) at its base; 12 spears, symbolizing the first 12 states, are bound crosswise to the palmetto's trunk by a band bearing the inscription "Quis separabit" (Who shall separate?). Two shields bearing the inscriptions "March 26" (the date in 1776 when South Carolina established its first independent government) and "July 4," respectively, hang from the tree. Under the oak are the words "Meliorem lapsa locavit" (Having fallen, it has set up a better one) and the year "1776." The words "South Carolina" and the motto Animis opibusque parati surround the whole.

FLAG: Blue field with a white palmetto in the center and a white crescent at the union.

OFFICIAL SEAL: The official seal consists of two ovals showing the original designs for the obverse and the reverse of South Carolina's great seal of 1777. left (obverse): same as the coat of arms. right (reverse): as the sun rises over the seashore, Hope, holding a laurel branch, walks over swords and daggers. The motto Dum spiro spero is above her, the word "Spes" (Hope) below.

BIRD: Carolina wren; wild turkey (wild game bird).

FISH: Striped bass.

FLOWER: Yellow jessamine.

TREE: Palmetto.

GEM: Amethyst.

LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Washington's Birthday/Presidents' Day, 3rd Monday in February; Confederate Memorial Day, 10 May; National Memorial Day, last Monday in May; Independence Day, 4 July; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Veterans' Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November; Christmas Eve, 24 December, when declared by the governor; Christmas Day, 25 December and the day following.

TIME: 7 AM EST = noon GMT.

LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENT

Situated in the southeastern United States, South Carolina ranks 40th in size among the 50 states.

The state's total area is 31,113 sq mi (80,583 sq km), of which land takes up 30,203 sq mi (78,226 sq km) and inland water 910 sq mi (2,357 sq km). South Carolina extends 273 mi (439 km) e-w; its maximum n-s extension is 210 mi (338 km).

South Carolina is bounded on the n and ne by North Carolina; on the se by the Atlantic Ocean; and on the sw and w by Georgia (with the line passing through the Savannah and Chattooga rivers).

Among the 13 major Sea Islands in the Atlantic off South Carolina are Bull, Sullivans, Kiawah, Edisto, Hunting, and Hilton Head, the largest island (42 sq mi—109 sq km) on the Atlantic seaboard between New Jersey and Florida. The total boundary length of South Carolina is 824 mi (1,326 km), including a general coastline of 187 mi (301 km); the tidal shoreline extends 2,876 mi (4,628 km). The state's geographic center is located in Richland County, 13 mi (21 km) se of Columbia.

TOPOGRAPHY

South Carolina is divided into two major regions by the fall line that runs through the center of the state from Augusta, Georgia, to Columbia and thence to Cheraw, near the North Carolina border. The area northwest of the line, known as the upcountry, lies within the Piedmont Plateau; the region to the southeast, called the low country, forms part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The rise of the land from ocean to the fall line is very gradual: Columbia, 120 mi (193 km) inland, is only 135 ft (41 m) above sea level. In the extreme northwest, the Blue Ridge Mountains cover about 500 sq mi (1,300 sq km); the highest elevation, at 3,560 ft (1,086 m), is Sassafras Mountain. The mean elevation of the state is approximately 350 ft (107 m).

Among the many artificial lakes, mostly associated with electric power plants, is Lake Marion, the state's largest, covering 173 sq mi (48 sq km). Three river systems—the Pee Dee, Santee, and Savannah—drain most of the state. No rivers are navigable above the fall line.

CLIMATE

South Carolina has a humid, subtropical climate. Average temperatures range from 68°f (20°c) on the coast to 58°f (14°c) in the northwest, with colder temperatures in the mountains. Summers are hot: in the central part of the state, temperatures often exceed 90°f (32°c), with a record of 111°f (44°c) set at Camden on 28 June 1954. In the northwest, temperatures of 32°f (0°c) or less occur from 50 to 70 days a year; the record low for the state is −20°f (−29°c), set at Caesars Head Mountain on 18 January 1977. The daily average temperature at Columbia is 45°f (7°c) in January and 82°f (27°c) in July.

Rainfall is ample throughout the state, averaging 48.7 in (123 cm) annually at Columbia and ranging from 38 in (97 cm) in the central region to 52 in (132 cm) in the upper piedmont. Snow and sleet (averaging 2 in/5 cm a year at Columbia) occur about three times annually, but more frequently and heavily in the mountains.

FLORA AND FAUNA

Principal trees of South Carolina include palmetto (the state tree), balsam fir, beech, yellow birch, pitch pine, cypress, and several types of maple, ash, hickory, and oak; longleaf pine grows mainly south of the fall line. Rocky areas of the piedmont contain a wide mixture of moss and lichens. The coastal plain has a diversity of land formations—swamp, prairie, savannah, marsh, dunes—and, accordingly, a great number of different grasses, shrubs, and vines. Azaleas and camellias, not native to the state, have been planted profusely in private and pubic gardens. Nineteen plant species were listed as threatened or endangered in April 2006, including smooth coneflower, Schweinitz's sunflower, black spored quillwort, pondberry, and persistent trillium.

South Carolina mammals include white-tailed deer (the state animal), black bear, opossum, gray and red foxes, cottontail and marsh rabbits, mink, and woodchuck. Three varieties of raccoon are indigenous, one of them unique to Hilton Head Island. The state is also home to Bachman's shrew, originally identified in South Carolina by John Bachman, one of John J. Audubon's collaborators. Common birds include the mockingbird and Carolina wren (the state bird). Nineteen animal species (vertebrates and invertebrates) were listed as threatened or endangered in South Carolina in April 2006, including the Indiana bat, Carolina heel-splitter, bald eagle, five species of sea turtle, wood stork, and short-nose sturgeon.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC), established in 1973, is South Carolina's primary environmental protection agency. The agency's responsibilities were broadened in 1993 by government restructuring, which brought all natural resources permitting under the DHEC umbrella. The former Land Resources Commission and Water Resources Commission were dissolved by restructuring. The DHEC's areas of responsibility include all programs dealing with surface and groundwater protection; air quality; solid, hazardous, infectious and nuclear waste; mining; dam safety; public drinking water protection; shellfish; public swimming pool inspection; and environmental laboratory certification, among other things. In 2002, more than 99% of the state's 1,520 federally defined public water systems had complied with drinking water regulatory requirements.

The state has implemented an innovative river basin planning program for the modeling, permitting and protection of its surface water resources. South Carolina's five major river basins are to be studied, modeled, and subsequent permits renewed on a five-year rotating basis. The state's goal is to use the environmental permitting process to assess and control the overall health of the basin systems. About 25% of the state is covered with wetlands, most of which are forested and of freshwater.

In 2002 DHEC implemented programs to help citizens minimize risk of contracting West Nile virus, transmitted by mosquitoes.

South Carolina, as the rest of the nation, is preparing to implement an aggressive air quality permitting program. The state has in place an industrial fee system to support the air program which will include both stationary and mobile source activities.

In 1992, South Carolina passed the Solid Waste Management and Policy Act requiring county and regional solid waste planning to be in conformance with the State Solid Waste Management Plan. The state has in place innovative programs for source reduction, waste minimization, and recycling. Regulations have been approved for municipal and industrial waste land disposal systems, incineration, construction, and land clearing debris and other solid waste activities.

South Carolina has implemented aggressive regulatory reform. Coupled with "streamlined permitting," customer-friendly programs promote economic development without sacrificing environmental protection.

In 2003, 83.7 million lb of toxic chemicals were released in the state. In 2003, South Carolina had 194 hazardous waste sites listed in the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) database, 26 of which were on the National Priorities List as of 2006, including the Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot. In 2005, the EPA spent over $4.8 million through the Superfund program for the cleanup of hazardous waste sites in the state. The same year, federal EPA grants awarded to the state included $11 million for the clean water state revolving fund and $8 million for the drinking water revolving fund.

POPULATION

South Carolina ranked 25th in population in the United States with an estimated total of 4,255,083 in 2005, an increase of 6.1% since 2000. Between 1990 and 2000, South Carolina's population grew from 3,486,703 to 4,012,012, an increase of 15.1%. The population is projected to reach 4.6 million by 2015 and 4.98 million by 2025. In 2004, the median age for South Carolinians was 36.9. In the same year, 24.4% of the populace was under age 18 while 12.4% was age 65 or older. The population density in 2004 was 139.4 persons per sq mi.

In 2004, Columbia was the largest city proper, with 116,331 residents. Other cities with large population concentrations include Charleston (104,883), Greenville, and Spartanburg. In 2004, the Columbia metropolitan area had an estimated 679,456 residents and the Charleston metropolitan area had 583,434.

ETHNIC GROUPS

The white population of South Carolina is mainly of Northern European stock; the great migratory wave from Southern and Eastern Europe during the late 19th century left South Carolina virtually untouched. As of 2000, 115,978, or 2.9%, of South Carolinians were foreign born (up from 1.4% in 1990).

In 2000, the black population was 1,185,216, or 29.5% of the state's population (the third-highest percentage in the nation). In 2004, that percentage had dropped only slightly, to 29.4%. In the coastal regions and offshore islands there still can be found some vestiges of African heritage, notably the Gullah dialect. South Carolina has always had an urban black elite, much of it of mixed racial heritage. After 1954, racial integration proceeded relatively peacefully, with careful planning by both black and white leaders.

The 2000 census counted 13,718 American Indians, up from 8,000 in 1990. In 2004, 0.4% of the population was American Indian. In 1983, a federal appeals court upheld the Indians' claim that 144,000 acres (58,275 hectares) of disputed land still belonged to the Catawba tribe, who numbered an estimated 1,597 in 1995. In 2000, there were 95,076 Hispanics and Latinos (2.4% of the total population), nearly double the 1990 figure of 50,000 (1.3%). In 2004, 3.1% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino origin. In 2000, the census reported 52,871 Mexicans and 12.211 Puerto Ricans (up from 4,282 in 1990) in South Carolina. In the same year, South Carolina had 36,014 Asians, including 6,423 Filipinos, 2,448 Japanese, and 3,665 Koreans. Pacific Islanders numbered 1,628. In 2004, 1.1% of the population was Asian and 0.1% Pacific Islander. That year, 0.8% of the population reported origin of two or more races.

LANGUAGES

English settlers in the 17th century encountered first the Yamasee Indians and then the Catawba, both having languages of the Hokan-Siouan family. Few Indians remain today, and a bare handful of their place-names persist: Cherokee Falls, Santee, Saluda.

South Carolina English is marked by a division between the South Midland of the upcountry and the plantation Southern of the coastal plain, where dominant Charleston speech has extensive cultural influence even in rural areas. Many upcountry speakers of Scotch-Irish background retain /r/ after a vowel, as in hard, a feature now gaining acceptance among younger speakers in Charleston. At the same time, a longtime distinctive Charleston feature, a centering glide after a long vowel, so that date and eight sound like /day-uht/ and /ay-uht/, is losing ground among younger speakers. Along the coast and on the Sea Islands, some blacks still use the Gullah dialect, based on a Creole mixture of pre-Revolutionary English and African speech. The dialect is rapidly dying in South Carolina, though its influence on local pronunciations persists.

In 2000, 94.8% of all state residents five years of age and older reported speaking English at home, up from 96.5% in 1990.

The following table gives selected statistics from the 2000 Census for language spoken at home by persons five years old and over.

RELIGIONS

Evangelical Protestants account for a majority of the religiously active residents in the state. The largest single Christian de-nomination in 2000 was the Southern Baptist Convention with 928,341 adherents; there were 16,802 newly baptized members in 2002. The next largest of the Evangelical denominations were the Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) with 56,612 adherents and the Pentecostal Holiness Church with 33,820 adherents. The largest Mainline Protestant denomination is the United Methodist Church, which had 241,680 members in 2004. Other de-nominations (with 2000 figures) include the Presbyterian Church USA, 103,883; and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, 61,380. The Episcopal Church had great influence during colonial times, but in 2000 it had only 52,486 members. In 2004, there were 152,413 Roman Catholics in the state. In 2000, there were an estimated 11,000 Jews, 17,586 adherents to the Baha'i faith, and 5,761 Muslims. About 2.1 million people (52.4% of the population) were not counted as members of any religious organization.

TRANSPORTATION

Since the Revolutionary War, South Carolina has been concerned with expanding the transport of goods between the upcountry and the port of Charleston and the Midwestern United States. Several canals were constructed north of the fall line, and the 136-mi (219-km) railroad completed from Charleston to Hamburg (across the Savannah River from Augusta, Georgia) in 1833 was the longest in the world at that time. Three years earlier, the Best Friend of Charleston had become the first American steam loco-motive built for public railway passenger service; by the time the Charleston-Hamburg railway was completed, however, the Best Friend had blown up, and a new engine, the Phoenix, had replaced it. Many other efforts were made to connect Charleston to the interior by railway, but tunnels through the mountains were never completed. As of 2003, there were 2,423 rail mi (3,901 km) of track, utilized by two Class I, seven local, and four switching and terminal railroads. Lumber and wood products were the top commodities originating within the state that were carried by the railroads. Coal was the top commodity terminating in the state that was carried by the railroads. As of 2006, Amtrak provided north-south passenger train service to 11 cities in the state via its Crescent, Silver Services and Palmetto trains.

The public road network in 2004 was made up of 66,250 mi (106,662 km) of roads. Highway I-26, running northwest-southeast from the upcountry to the Atlantic, intersects I-85 at Spartanburg, I-20 at Columbia, and I-95 on its way toward Charleston. In 2004, there were some 1.912 million automobiles, approximately 1.290 million trucks of all types, and around 5,000 buses registered in the state, while the number of licensed drivers totaled 2,972,369 for that same year. City bus service is most heavily used in the Charleston and Columbia systems.

The state has three deepwater seaports. Charleston is one of the major ports on the Atlantic, handling 24.739 million tons of cargo in 2004, and the harbors of Georgetown and Port Royal also handle significant waterborne trade. The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, crossing the state slightly inward form the Atlantic Ocean, is a major thoroughfare. In 2003, waterborne shipments totaled 27.811 million tons. In 2004, South Carolina had 482 mi (776 km) of navigable inland waterways.

In 2005, South Carolina had a total of 193 public and privateuse aviation-related facilities. This included 162 airports, 29 heliports, and two seaplane bases. Charleston International is the state's main airport. In 2004, Charleston had 909,084 passenger enplanements. Other major state airports were Greenville-Spartanburg International, Myrtle Beach International, and Columbia Metropolitan.

HISTORY

Prior to European settlement, the region now called South Carolina was populated by several Indian groups. Indians of Iroquoian stock, including the Cherokee, inhabited the northwestern section, while those of the Siouan stock—of whom the Catawba were the most numerous—occupied the northern and eastern regions. Indians of Muskogean stock lived in the south.

In the early 1500s, long before the English claimed the Carolinas, Spanish sea captains explored the coast. The Spaniards made an unsuccessful attempt to establish a settlement in 1526 at Winyah Bay, near the present city of Georgetown. Thirty-six years later, a group of French Huguenots under Jean Ribault landed at a site near Parris Island, but the colony failed after Ribault returned to France. The English established the first permanent settlement in 1670 under the supervision of the eight lords proprietors who had been granted "Carolana" by King Charles II. At first the colonists settled at Albemarle Point on the Ashley River: 10 years later, they moved across the river to the present site of Charleston.

Rice cultivation began in the coastal swamps, and black slaves were imported as field hands. The colony flourished, and by the mid-1700s, new areas were developing inland. Germans, Scots-Irish, and Welsh, who differed markedly from the original aristocratic settlers of the Charleston area, migrated to the southern part of the new province. Although the upcountry was developing and was taxed, it was not until 1770 that the settlers there were represented in the government. For the most part, the colonists had friendly relations with the Indians. In 1715, however, the Yamasee were incited by Spanish colonists at St. Augustine, Fla., to attack the South Carolina settlements. The settlers successfully resisted, with no help from the proprietors.

The original royal grant had made South Carolina a very large colony, but eventually the separate provinces of North Carolina and Georgia were established, two moves that destined South Carolina to be a small state. The colonists were successful in having the proprietors overthrown in 1719 and the government transferred to royal rule by 1721.

Skirmishes with the French, Spanish, Indians, and pirates, as well as a slave uprising in 1739, marked the pre-Revolutionary period. South Carolina opposed the Stamp Act of 1765 and took an active part in the American Revolution. The first British property seized by American Revolutionary forces was Ft. Charlotte in McCormick County in 1775. Among the many battles fought in South Carolina were major Patriot victories at Ft. Moultrie in Charleston (1776), Kings Mountain (1780), and Cowpens (1781), the last two among the war's most important engagements. Delegates from South Carolina, notably Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, were leaders at the federal constitutional convention of 1787. On 23 May 1788, South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the Constitution.

Between the Revolutionary War and the Civil War, two issues dominated South Carolinians' political thinking: tariffs and slavery. Senator John C. Calhoun took an active part in developing the nullification theory by which a state claimed the right to abrogate unpopular federal laws. Open conflict over tariffs during the early 1830s was narrowly averted by a compromise on the rates, but in 1860, on the issue of slavery, no compromise was possible. At the time of secession, on 20 December 1860, more than half the state's population consisted of black slaves. The first battle of the Civil War took place at Ft. Sumter in Charleston Harbor on 12 April 1861. Federal forces soon captured the Sea Islands, but Charleston withstood a long siege until February 1865. In the closing months of the war, Union troops under General William Tecumseh Sherman burned Columbia and caused widespread destruction elsewhere. South Carolina contributed about 63,000 soldiers to the Confederacy out of a white population of some 291,000. Casualties were high: nearly 14,00 men were killed in battle or died after capture.

Federal troops occupied South Carolina after the war. During Reconstruction, as white South Carolinians saw it, illiterates, carpetbaggers, and scalawags raided the treasury, plunging the state into debt. The constitution was revised in 1868 by a convention in which blacks outnumbered whites by 76 to 48; given the franchise, blacks attained the offices of lieutenant governor and US representative. In 1876, bands of white militants called Red Shirts, supporting the gubernatorial candidacy of former Confederate General Wade Hampton, rode through the countryside urging whites to vote and intimidating potential black voters. Hampton, a Democrat, won the election, but was not permitted by the Republican incumbent to take office until President Rutherford B. Hayes declared an end to Reconstruction and withdrew federal troops from the state in April 1877.

For the next 100 years, South Carolina suffered through political turmoil, crop failures, and recessions. A major political change came in the 1880s with a large population increase upcountry and the migration of poor whites to cities. These trends gave farmers and industrial workers a majority of votes, and they found their leader in Benjamin Ryan "Pitchfork Ben" Tillman, a populist who stirred up class and racial hatreds by attacking the "Charleston ring." Tillman was influential in wresting control of the state Democratic Party from the coastal aristocrats; he served as governor from 1890 to 1894 and then as US senator until his death in 1918. However, his success inaugurated a period of political and racial demagoguery that saw the gradual (though not total) disfranchisement of black voters.

The main economic transformation after 1890 was the replacement of rice and cotton growing by tobacco and soybean cultivation and truck farming, along with the movement of tenant farmers, or sharecroppers, from the land to the cities. There they found jobs in textile mills, and textiles became the state's leading industry after 1900. With the devastation of the cotton crop by the boll weevil in the 1920s, farmers were compelled to diversify their crops, and some turned to raising cattle. Labor shortages in the North during and after World War II drew many thousands of African Americans from South Carolina to Philadelphia, Washington, DC, New York, and other cities.

In the postwar period, industry took over the dominant role formerly held by agriculture in South Carolina's economy, and the focus of textile production shifted from cotton to synthetic fabrics. In the 1990s the major industries were textiles and chemicals, and foreign investment played a major role in the state's economy. BMW, the German automobile company, established their North American plant in Greenville. Tourism also played a role, with the coastal areas drawing visitors from around the nation. In the early 2000s, South Carolina, along with other tobacco-producing states, was in the midst of a transition away from tobacco production.

Public school desegregation after the Brown vs. Board of Education ruling of 1954 proceeded peaceably, but very slowly, and blacks were gradually accepted alongside whites in the textile mills and other industries. In 1983, for the first time in 95 years, a black state senator was elected; the following year, four blacks were elected to the reapportioned Senate. Despite these changes, most white South Carolinians remained staunchly conservative in political and social matters, as witnessed by the 1999–2000 firestorm over the display of the Confederate flag on the dome of the State House. The controversy prompted the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) to call for a tourism boycott of the state. A January 2000 protest drew nearly 50,000 demonstrators, black and white, against the flag. Legislators brokered a compromise that moved the flag, viewed as a symbol of oppression by African Americans, to a spot in front of the capitol, where it flies from a 30-ft pole. The "solution," though favored by most South Carolinians who were polled, did not satisfy most of the black community. Tourism officials called for the NAACP to lift its boycott, but the organization refused to do so, maintaining the flag's only place is in a museum of history. The issue was raised by presidential candidate Al Sharpton in the 2004 presidential campaign.

In the postwar period, the Democrats' traditional control of the state weakened, and, beginning with Barry Goldwater, Republican presidential candidates have carried the state in every election except that of 1976, in which Southerner Jimmy Carter prevailed. Well-known conservative Republican J. Strom Thurmond represented South Carolina in the US Senate from 1954 to 2003, when he died at age 100. But his Democratic counterpart, Ernest Hollings (also a former governor) served in the Senate from 1966 to 2005.

In 1989, Hurricane Hugo struck South Carolina, packing 135-mph (217-kph) winds. Ripping roofs off buildings and sweeping boats onto city streets, the storm killed 37 people and produced over $700 million worth of property damage. Seven South Carolina counties were declared disaster areas. In 1993, flooding, followed by a record-breaking drought, caused an estimated $226 million in crop damage.

In response to a Supreme Court ruling, The Citadel (in Charleston), one of only two state-supported military schools in the country, admitted its first female cadet, Shannon Faulkner, in 1995. Faulkner left the institution after only six days. In 1997 two of four women attending the institution quit, alleging hazing and sexual harassment by their male peers. In May 1999 the institution graduated its first female cadet. By the following August, there were 75 female cadets enrolled at the Citadel, as the school fought a sexual harassment lawsuit of a former cadet.

In 1999 a settlement was reached in the worst oil spill in the state's history. A record $7-million fine was to be paid by a national pipeline company that admitted its negligence caused nearly one million gallons of diesel fuel to pollute the Upstate River.

South Carolina finished fiscal year 2003 with a $68.8 million budget deficit, down from the $248.8 million deficit at the end of fiscal year 2002. In 2003, Republican Governor Mark Sanford, elected in 2002, urged state legislators to reform the way the government conducts its business, from allowing state officials to hire and fire employees more easily, to funding schools with block grants rather than line items. The 2005–06 budget was $5.3 billion, and the state was struggling with a deficit of some $300-$500 million. South Carolina was among the 10 states in the nation with the lowest per capita personal incomes and the highest poverty rates.

STATE GOVERNMENT

South Carolina has had seven constitutions, dating from 1776, 1778, 1790, 1861, 1865, 1868, and 1895, respectively. Beginning in 1970, most articles of the 1895 constitution were rewritten. The present document had been amended 485 times as of January 2005.

The General Assembly consists of a Senate of 46 members, elected for four-year terms, and a House of Representatives of 124 members, elected for two-year terms. Senators must be 25 years old, representatives 21; all legislators must be residents of the districts they represent. The legislative salary was $10,400 in 2004, unchanged from 1999.

Officials elected statewide are the governor and lieutenant governor (elected separately), attorney general, secretary of state, comptroller general, treasurer, adjutant general, secretary of agriculture, secretary of banking, and superintendent of education, all elected to four-year terms in odd-numbered years following presidential elections. The governor is limited to serving two consecutive terms. Eligibility requirements for the governor include a minimum age of 30, US and state citizenship for at least five years, and a five-year state residency. As of December 2004, the governor's salary was $106,078, unchanged from 1999.

Legislative sessions are held biennially, beginning in January; there is no limit to regular sessions. Special sessions can be called by a vote of two-thirds of the members of each house; there is no limit to special sessions. Bills may be introduced in either house, except for revenue measures, which are reserved to the House of Representatives. The governor has a regular veto, which may be overridden by a two-thirds vote of the elected members in each house of the legislature. Bills automatically become law after five days if the governor takes no action. The constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of each house of the General Assembly and by a majority of those casting ballots at the next general election. To take effect, however, the amendment must then be ratified by a majority vote of the next General Assembly.

US citizens 18 years old and older who are residents of the state are eligible to vote. Restrictions apply to convicted felons and those declared mentally incompetent by the court.

POLITICAL PARTIES

South Carolina's major political organizations are the Democratic and Republican parties. From the end of Reconstruction, the Democratic Party dominated state politics. Dissatisfaction with the national party's position on civil rights in 1948 led to the formation of the States' Rights Democrat faction, whose candidate, South Carolina Governor J. Strom Thurmond, carried the state in 1948. Thurmond's subsequent switch to the Republicans while in the US Senate was a big boost for the state's Republican Party, which since 1964 has captured South Carolina's eight electoral votes in ten of the eleven presidential elections. In 2000, Republican George W. Bush received 57% of the vote to Democrat Al Gore's 41%. In 2004, Bush won 58% to 41% for Democrat John Kerry.

South Carolina's US senators are Republican James DeMint, who won the seat vacated by Democrat Ernest F. Hollings, who announced in August 2003 that he would retire at the end of his term, and Republican Lindsey Graham, elected in 2002. Republican Strom Thurmond, who was reelected in 1996 at the age of 93—was the oldest senator in the country's history. Thurmond died in June 2003 at the age of 100. As of 2005, there were two Democrats and four Republicans serving as US representatives. As on 2005, the state Senate had 19 Democrats and 27 Republicans; while in the state House there were 74 Republicans and 50 Democrats. In 2002 voters elected a Republican, Mark Sanford, to the governor's office.

Voters do not register according to political party in South Carolina. Instead, at primary elections, they simply take an oath that they have not participated in another primary. In 2004 there were 2,315,000 registered voters and the state held eight electoral votes for the 2004 presidential election.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

As of 2005, South Carolina had 46 counties, 269 municipal governments, 90 public school districts, and 301 special districts of various types. Ten regional councils provide a broad range of technical and advisory services to county and municipal governments.

Under legislation enacted in 1975, all counties and municipalities have the same powers, regardless of size. Most municipalities operate under the mayor-council or city manager system; more than half the counties have a county administrator or manager. Customarily, each county has a council or commission, attorney, auditor, clerk of court, coroner, tax collector, treasurer, and sheriff. Many of these county officials are elected, but the only municipal officers elected are the mayor and the members of the council.

While the state shares revenues from many different sources with the counties and, municipalities, these local units derive virtually all their direct revenue from the property tax. The state's school districts have rapidly increased their own property tax levies, squeezing the counties' and municipalities' revenue base.

In 2005, local government accounted for about 167,783 fulltime (or equivalent) employment positions.

STATE SERVICES

To address the continuing threat of terrorism and to work with the federal Department of Homeland Security, homeland security in South Carolina operates under state statute; a state police superintendent is appointed to oversee the state's homeland security activities.

The State Ethics Commission establishes rules covering possible conflicts of interest, oversees election campaign practices, and provides for officeholders' financial disclosure.

The Department of Education administers state and federal aid to the public schools, while the State Commission on Higher Education oversees the public colleges and universities, and the State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education is responsible for postsecondary technical training schools. The state also runs special schools for the deaf and blind. Complementing both public and higher education is a state educational television network, under the jurisdiction of the South Carolina Educational Television Commission. Transportation services are provided by the Department of Transportation, which maintains most major roads, issues drivers' licenses, and has jurisdiction over the High-way Patrol. The Department of Public Safety regulates traffic, motor vehicles, and commercial vehicles. The Department of Commerce Division of Aeronautics oversees airport development.

Through a variety of agencies, South Carolina offers a broad array of human services in the fields of mental health, developmental disabilities, vocational rehabilitation, veterans' affairs, care of the blind, and adoptions. An ombudsman for the aging handles complaints about nursing homes, which are licensed by the state. The South Carolina Law Enforcement Division provides technical aid to county sheriffs and municipal police departments. Emergency situations are handled by the Emergency Management Division and the National Guard.

The State Housing Finance and Development Authority is authorized to subsidize interest rates on mortgages for middle- and low-income families. The Employment Security Commission oversees unemployment compensation and job placement, while the Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation offers arbitration and mediation services and enforces health and safety standards. The Human Affairs Commission looks into unfair labor practices based on sex, race, or age.

JUDICIAL SYSTEM

South Carolina's unified judicial system is headed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, who, along with four associate justices, is elected by the General Assembly to a 10-year term. The state's Supreme Court is the final court of appeal. A five-member intermediate court of appeals for criminal cases was established in 1979, but legal questions (specifically, about the election of General Assembly members to four of the five seats) prevented the court from convening until 1981. The court became a permanent constitutional court in 1984.

Sixteen circuit courts hear major criminal and civil cases. As of 1999 there were 154 circuit court judges, all of them elected by the General Assembly to six-year terms. The state also has a system of family courts for domestic and juvenile cases. In addition, there are magistrates' courts (justices of the peace) in all counties, municipal courts, and county probate judges.

The state penal system is rapidly becoming centralized under the state Department of Corrections. There is also a separate state system for juvenile offenders.

As of 31 December 2004, a total of 23,428 prisoners were held in South Carolina's state and federal prisons, a decrease from 23,719 of 1.2% from the previous year. As of year-end 2004, a total of 1,562 inmates were female, down from 1,576 or 0.9% from the year before. Among sentenced prisoners (one year or more), South Carolina had an incarceration rate of 539 per 100,000 population in 2004.

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, South Carolina in 2004, had a violent crime rate (murder/nonnegligent manslaughter; forcible rape; robbery; aggravated assault) of 784.2 reported incidents per 100,000 population (the highest of any state) or a total of 32,922 reported incidents. Crimes against property (burglary; larceny/theft; and motor vehicle theft) in that same year totaled 189,113 reported incidents or 4,504.8 reported incidents per 100,000 people. South Carolina has a death penalty, of which prisoners are allowed to choose between lethal injection or electrocution. From 1976 through 5 May 2006, the state has carried out 35 executions, of which three in 2005 were the most recent (as of 5 May 2006). As of 1 January 2006, South Carolina had 74 inmates on death row.

In 2003, South Carolina spent $101,287,819 on homeland security, an average of $25 per state resident.

ARMED FORCES

In 2004, there were 38,213 active duty military personnel and 9,382 civilian personnel stationed in South Carolina. Ft. Jackson, in Columbia, is the largest and most active Initial Entry Training Center in the US Army, training 34% of all Soldiers and 69% of the women entering the Army each year. Air Force bases at Charleston and Sumter are major installations. Parris Island has long been one of the country's chief Marine Corps training bases. South Carolina firms received more than $1.59 billion in defense contract awards during 2004. In addition, there was another $3.3 billion in payroll outlays, including retired military pay, by the Department of Defense.

Veterans in South Carolina in 2003 totaled 413,551, including 45,135 from World War II; 39,518 from the Korean conflict; 122,974 who served during the Vietnam era; and 76,461 who served during in the Gulf War. In 2004, the Veterans Administration expended more than $1.2 billion in pensions, medical assistance, and other major veterans' benefits.

As of 31 October 2004, the South Carolina Highway Patrol employed 829 full-time sworn officers.

MIGRATION

The original European migration into South Carolina consisted mostly of German, Welsh, and Scotch-Irish settlers. During the 19th century, many of the original settlers emigrated westward to Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas. In the 20th century, many blacks left the state for cities in the North. Between 1940 and 1970, South Carolina's net loss from migration was 601,000. During 1970–80, however, the state enjoyed a net gain of 210,000; in the 1980s, the net gain from migration was nearly 200,000. Between 1990 and 1998, the state had net gains of 119,000 in domestic migration and 16,000 in international migration. In 1998, 2,125 foreign immigrants arrived in South Carolina. The state's overall population increased 10% between 1990 and 1998. In the period 2000–05, international migration was 36,401 and net internal migration was 115,084, for a net gain of 151,485 people.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION

The South Carolina Interstate Cooperation Commission represents the state before the Council of State Governments. South Carolina also participates in the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, Southeastern Forest Fire Protection Compact, Southern Growth Policies Board, Southern States Energy Board, Appalachian Regional Commission, Interstate Mining Compact Commission, and Southern Regional Education Board. In fiscal year 2005, the state received $4.918 billion in federal grants, an estimated $4.843 billion in fiscal year 2006, and an estimated $4.972 billion in fiscal year 2007.

ECONOMY

During its early days, South Carolina was one of the country's richest areas. Its economy depended on foreign commerce and agriculture, especially indigo, rice, and later cotton. After the Civil War, the state suffered severe economic depression. Not until the 1880s did the textile industry—today the state's major employer—begin to develop.

Textiles and farming completely dominated the economy until after World War II, when efforts toward economic diversification attracted paper, chemical, and other industries to the state. During the postwar period, the state spent sizable amounts to improve its three ports, especially the harbor facilities of Charleston.

By 1999, manufacturing had become the most important sector in the South Carolina economy. Almost 25% of the labor force worked in manufacturing, well above the national average of 17%. The top ten manufacturers in the state employed over 40,000 workers. The Westinghouse Savannah River Site military base accounts for a significant portion of the state's manufacturing base. Employment at those facilities grew significantly during the 1980s when the Reagan administration increased military expenditures. In the 1990s, however, the federal government began cutting staff at the bases and considered phasing them out. Rising foreign and domestic investment, coupled with an abundance of first-class tourist facilities along the coast, contributed to the continuing growth of South Carolina's economy in the 1980s and were only temporarily hurt by the national recession of the early nineties. The state economy's annual growth rate, averaging 5.5% 1998 to 2000, dropped to 2.6% in the national recession of 2001. Manufacturing output, nearly flat from 1997 to 2001, dropped as a share of total state output from 24.5% to 20%. The strongest output growth was in the transportation and public utilities sector (up 41.9% 1997 to 2001). General services, including health, business, tourist, personal and educational services were up 30.3%, while financial services, including insurance and real estate were up 28%, and government services were up 25.7%.

In 2004, South Carolina's gross state product (GSP) was $136.125 billion, of which manufacturing (durable and nondurable goods) contributed $26.265 billion or 19.3% of GSP, followed by the real estate sector at $15.185 billion (11.1% of GSP), and construction at $7.670 billion (5.6% of GSP). In that same year, there were an estimated 312,108 small businesses in South Carolina. Of the 92,940 businesses that had employees, an estimated total of 90,416 or 97.3% were small companies. An estimated 11,745 new businesses were established in the state in 2004, up 9.2% from the year before. Business terminations that same year came to 10,975, up 2.5% from 2003. There were 175 business bankruptcies in 2004, up 23.2% from the previous year. In 2005, the state's personal bankruptcy (Chapter 7 and Chapter 13) filing rate was 391 filings per 100,000 people, ranking South Carolina as the 39th highest in the nation.

INCOME

In 2005 South Carolina had a gross state product (GSP) of $140 billion which accounted for 1.1% of the nation's gross domestic product and placed the state at number 28 in highest GSP among the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2004 South Carolina had a per capita personal income (PCPI) of $27,185. This ranked 45th in the United States and was 82% of the national average of $33,050. The 1994–2004 average annual growth rate of PCPI was 4.0%. South Carolina had a total personal income (TPI) of $114,121,015,000, which ranked 26th in the United States and reflected an increase of 6.0% from 2003. The 1994–2004 average annual growth rate of TPI was 5.3%. Earnings of persons employed in South Carolina increased from $79,528,714,000 in 2003 to $84,052,494,000 in 2004, an increase of 5.7%. The 2003–04 national change was 6.3%.

The US Census Bureau reports that the three-year average median household income for 2002–04 in 2004 dollars was $39,326 compared to a national average of $44,473. During the same period an estimated 14.0% of the population was below the poverty line as compared to 12.4% nationwide.

LABOR

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), in April 2006 the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force in South Carolina 2,123,800, with approximately 139,900 workers unemployed, yielding an unemployment rate of 6.6%, compared to the national average of 4.7% for the same period. Preliminary data for the same period placed nonfarm employment at 1,907,100. Since the beginning of the BLS data series in 1976, the highest unemployment rate recorded in South Carolina was 11.4% in January 1983. The historical low was 3.1% in March 1998. Preliminary nonfarm employment data by occupation for April 2006 showed that approximately 6.4% of the labor force was employed in construction; 13.7% in manufacturing; 19.3% in trade, transportation, and public utilities; 5.3% in financial activities; 10% in education and health services; 10.7% in leisure and hospitality services; and 17.5% in government. Data was unavailable for professional and business services.

South Carolina has one of the lowest work stoppage rates in the nation and only a small percentage of the total labor force is organized. Textile, clothing, and ladies' garment workers' unions make up the bulk of the membership, followed by transportation and electrical workers. Several large textile companies have made major efforts to prevent their workers from organizing unions. Conflicts between management and workers have continued for years, but without serious violence.

The BLS reported that in 2005, a total of 40,000 of South Carolina's 1,739,000 employed wage and salary workers were formal members of a union. This represented 2.3% of those so employed, down from 3% in 2004, well below the national average of 12% and the lowest rate of all states. Overall in 2005, a total of 58,000 workers (3.3%) in South Carolina were covered by a union or employee association contract, which includes those workers who reported no union affiliation. South Carolina is one of 22 states with a right-to-work law.

As of 1 March 2006, South Carolina did not have a state-mandated minimum wage law. Employees in that state however, were covered under federal minimum wage statutes. In 2004, women in the state accounted for 48.1% of the employed civilian labor force.

AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is an integral part of the state's economy. The total cash receipts for agriculture were about $1.75 billion in 2004, but that figure represents only a fraction of the impact of agriculture and agribusiness in the state. Agriculture (food and fiber) along with forestry and forestry products contribute about 25% to the gross state product (GSP). Some 18% of all jobs in South Carolina are from agriculture and agribusiness. As of 2004 there were about 24,400 farms in the state, occupying 4.8 million acres (1.9 million hectares) with an average size of 199 acres (80 hectares). Agriculture in South Carolina supplies not only food for consumption, but also cotton for clothing and soybean oil for newsprint ink.

The main farming area is a 50-mi (80-km) band across the upper coastal plain. The Pee Dee region in the east is the center for tobacco production. Cotton is grown mostly south of the fall line, and feed crops thrive in the coastal and sand hill counties. Tobacco is the leading crop by value; in 2004, farmers in the state produced 60.75 million lb (27.61 million kg) of tobacco on 27,000 acres (10,900 hectares). Soybean and cotton production in that year were 14.8 million bushels and 390,000 bales, respectively. Peach production in 2004 was 70 million lb (31.8 million kg). Greenhouse and nursery products contributed 15.6% to total farm receipts in 2004.

South Carolina farmers and agribusinesses also produce apples, barley, beans, berries, canola, corn, cucumbers, hay, kiwifruit, mushrooms, oats, peanuts, pecans, popcorn, rye, sorghum, sweet potatoes, tea, turf grasses, tomatoes, ornamental trees, and wheat. As more people relocate and retire to the state, demand for agricultural products is increasing in order to supply restaurant, hotel, and landscaping businesses. The South Carolina Department of Agriculture operates three state farmers' markets in Columbia, Florence, and Greenville.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

In 2005, there were an estimated 435,000 cattle and calves, worth $339.3 million. During 2004, there were around 300,000 hogs and pigs, valued at $27 million. Dairy farmers produced around 318 million lb (144.5 million kg) of milk from 19,000 milk cows in 2003. Poultry farmers produced 1.4 billion eggs, worth some $87.9 million in the same year, and 14.8 million lb (6.7 million kg) of chicken, 1.14 billion lb (518 million kg) of broilers, and 494 million lb (224.5 million kg) of turkey.

FISHING

The state's oceanfront saltwater inlets and freshwater rivers and lakes provide ample fishing opportunities. Major commercial fishing is restricted to saltwater species of fish and shellfish, mainly shrimp, crabs, clams, and oysters. In 2004, the commercial catch totaled 12.4 million lb (5.6 million kg), valued at $18.5 million. In 2003, there were two processing plants in the state. In 2002, the commercial fleet had 556 vessels.

In 2004, the state issued 498,088 sport fishing licenses. There are two national fish hatcheries in the state (Orangeberg and Bears Bluff), stocking more than 5 million fish annually. In 2004, there were nine catfish farms covering 90 acres (36 hectares).

FORESTRY

South Carolina had 12,415,000 acres (5,024,000 hectares) of forestland in 2004—about two-thirds of the state's area and 1.7% of all US forests. The state's two national forests, Francis Marion and Sumter, comprised 5% of the forested area. Nearly all of South Carolina's forests are classified as commercial timberland, about 90% of it privately owned. Several varieties of pine, loblolly, long-leaf, and shortleaf, are the major source of timber and of pulp for the paper industry. Total lumber production in 2004 was 1.57 billion board ft, 90% soft wood.

MINING

According to preliminary data from the US Geological Survey (USGS), the estimated value of nonfuel mineral production by South Carolina in 2003 was $474 million, an increase from 2002 of 3%. The USGS data ranked South Carolina as 27th among the 50 states by the total value of its nonfuel mineral production, accounting for over 1% of total US output.

According to the preliminary data for 2003, portland cement was the state's leading nonfuel mineral commodity by value, and was followed by crushed stone, construction sand and gravel, kaolin, industrial sand and gravel, and vermiculite. Collectively, the initial three commodities accounted for 91% of all nonfuel mineral output, by value. By volume, South Carolina in 2003 ranked first in the production of vermiculite (out of two states), and was the nation's second leading producer of fire clay. It was third in masonry cement and kaolin, and ninth in common clays.

Preliminary data showed that production of portland cement in 2003 totaled 2.5 million metric tons, and was worth an estimated $183 million. It was followed by crushed stone, of which 26.3 million metric tons were produced, with a value of $171 million. Masonry cement output in 2003 totaled 425,000 metric tons and was worth an estimated $40.4 million, Construction sand and gravel production for that same year totaled 10.3 million metric tons and was valued at $36.1 million.

ENERGY AND POWER

As of 2003, South Carolina had 47 electrical power service providers, of which 22 were publicly owned and 21 were cooperatives. Of the remainder, four were investor owned. As of that same year there were 2,177,474 retail customers. Of that total, 1,235,618 received their power from investor-owned service providers. Cooperatives accounted for 645,551 customers, while publicly owned providers had 296,305 customers.

Total net summer generating capability by the state's electrical generating plants in 2003 stood at 20.658 million kW, with total production that same year at 93.772 billion kWh. Of the total amount generated, 97.6% came from electric utilities, with the remainder coming from independent producers and combined heat and power service providers. The largest portion of all electric power generated, 50.417 billion kWh (53.8%), came from nuclear power generation, with coal-fired plants in second place at 37.432 billion kWh (39.9%). Other renewable power sources, petroleum and natural gas fueled plants, hydroelectric and pumped storage facilities accounted for the remaining power generated.

Although it lacks fossil fuel resources, South Carolina produces more electricity than it consumes. South Carolina is heavily engaged in nuclear energy and is one of the nation's largest generators of nuclear power. As of 2006, the state had seven nuclear reactors in operation, two at the Catawba plant (the state's largest), three at the Oconee facility near Greenville, one at the H. B. Robinson plant near Hartsville, and one at the Virgil C. Summer plant near Jenkinsville. The vast Savannah River plant in Aiken County produces most of the plutonium for the nation's nuclear weapons; Chem-Nuclear Systems in Barnwell County stores about half of the country's low-level nuclear wastes; and a Westinghouse plant in Richland County makes fuel assemblies for nuclear reactors.

South Carolina has no proven reserves or production of crude oil or natural gas. There are no refineries in the state.

INDUSTRY

South Carolina's principal industry beginning in the 1880s was textiles, but many textile mills were closed during the 1970s and early 1980s because of the importation of cheaper textiles from abroad. The economic slack was made up, however, by the establishment of new industries, especially paper and chemical manufactures, and by increasing foreign investment in the state. Principal overseas investment came from Switzerland, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan. South Carolina's major manufacturing centers are concentrated north of the fall line and in the piedmont.

According to the US Census Bureau's Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) for 2004, South Carolina's manufacturing sector covered some 18 product subsectors. The shipment value of all products manufactured in the state that same year was $81.630 billion. Of that total, transportation equipment manufacturing accounted for the largest share at $15.251 billion. It was followed by chemical manufacturing at $12.722 billion; machinery manufacturing at $6.735 billion; textile mills at $6.445 billion; and plastics and rubber products manufacturing at $6.296 billion.

In 2004, a total of 258,222 people in South Carolina were employed in the state's manufacturing sector, according to the ASM. Of that total, 194,712 were actual production workers. In terms of total employment, the textile mill industry accounted for the largest portion of all manufacturing employees at 32,183, with 27,591 actual production workers. It was followed by chemical manufacturing at 29,896 employees (16,550 actual production workers); transportation equipment manufacturing at 29,655 employees (22,290 actual production workers); fabricated metal product manufacturing at 25,664 employees (19,819 actual production workers); and plastics and rubber products manufacturing with 20,292 employees (16,001 actual production workers).

ASM data for 2004 showed that South Carolina's manufacturing sector paid $10.293 billion in wages. Of that amount, the chemical manufacturing sector accounted for the largest share at $1.696 billion. It was followed by transport equipment manufacturing at $1.356 billion; textile mills at $958.880 million; fabricated metal product manufacturing at $929.957 million; and plastics and rubber products manufacturing at $877.816 million.

COMMERCE

According to the 2002 Census of Wholesale Trade, South Carolina's wholesale trade sector had sales that year totaling $32.9 billion from 4,917 establishments. Wholesalers of durable goods accounted for 3,031 establishments, followed by nondurable goods wholesalers at 1,559 and electronic markets, agents, and brokers accounting for 327 establishments. Sales by durable goods wholesalers in 2002 totaled $16.3 billion, while wholesalers of nondurable goods saw sales of $12.8 billion. Electronic markets, agents, and brokers in the wholesale trade industry had sales of $3.8 billion. Tobacco wholesale markets and warehouses are centered in the Pee Dee region, while soybean sales and storage facilities cluster around the port of Charleston. Truck crops, fruits, and melons are sold in large quantities at the state farmers' market in Columbia.

In the 2002 Census of Retail Trade, South Carolina was listed as having 18,416 retail establishments with sales of $40.6 billion. The leading types of retail businesses by number of establishments were: clothing and clothing accessories stores (2,647); gasoline stations (2,476); motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts dealers (2,237); and miscellaneous store retailers (2,131). In terms of sales, motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts dealers accounted for the largest share of retail sales at $10.4 billion, followed by general merchandise stores at $6.2 billion; food and beverage stores at $6.03 billion; and gasoline stations at $4.6 billion. A total of 212,926 people were employed by the retail sector in South Carolina that year.

In 2005, foreign exports were valued at $13.9 billion. Exports, mostly machinery, transportation equipment, and electronics; went primarily to Canada, Mexico, and Germany.

CONSUMER PROTECTION

The South Carolina Department of Consumer Affairs, established in 1974, has the authority to take, process, and investigate consumer complaints for probable basis and merit, represent the public at regulatory proceedings, and enforce consumer credit laws and consumer-related licensing laws. The Department is organized into five divisions: Administration; Consumer Services; Consumer Advocacy; Public Information and Education; and the Legal Division.

The Department is also responsible for the licensing and registration of pawnbrokers, motor clubs, physical fitness service organizations, mortgage loan brokers, athletic agents, prescription drug cards, continuing care retirement communities and prepaid legal representatives.

The state's Office of the Ombudsman, which is under the Governor's Office, also provides consumer services to the state's citizens on questions involving complaints, concerns and questions over the activities of the state government.

When dealing with consumer protection issues, the state's Attorney General's Office can initiate only limited civil, and only when permitted, criminal proceedings. It can represent the state before state and federal regulatory agencies, but cannot administer consumer protection and education programs. Formal consumer complaints can only be handled on a limited basis because of the authority granted to the Department of Consumer Affairs. The Attorney General's Office in consumer issues has limited subpoena powers. In antitrust actions, the Attorney General's Office can act on behalf of those consumers who are incapable of acting on their own; initiate damage actions on behalf of the state in state courts; initiate criminal proceedings; and represent counties, cities and other governmental entities in recovering civil damages under state or federal law.

The offices of the South Carolina Department of Consumer Affairs, the Office of the Attorney General and the State Ombudsman are located in Columbia.

BANKING

As of June 2005, South Carolina had 96 insured banks, savings and loans, and saving banks, plus 18 state-chartered and 69 federally chartered credit unions (CUs). Excluding the CUs, the Charleston-Gastonia-Concord market area accounted for the largest portion of the state's financial institutions and deposits in 2004, with 43 institutions and $90.216 billion in deposits. As of June 2005, CUs accounted for 11.9% of all assets held by all financial institutions in the state, or some $6.399 billion. Banks, savings and loans, and savings banks collectively accounted for the remaining 88.1% or $47.240 billion in assets held.

The median net interest margin (the difference between the lower rates offered to savers and the higher rates charged on loans) for the state's insured institutions as of fourth quarter 2005 stood at 4.21%, up from 4.02% in 2004 and 4.06% in 2003. The median percentage of past-due/nonaccrual loans to total loans in fourth quarter 2005 was 1.42%, up from 1.35% in 2004, but down from 1.67% in 2003.

Regulation of South Carolina's state-chartered banks and other financial institutions is the responsibility of the state's Board of Financial Institutions.

INSURANCE

The South Carolina Department of Insurance licenses and supervises the insurance companies doing business in the state. Most of these represent national insurance organizations. In 2004, over 3.5 million individual life insurance policies worth $163.9 billion were in force in South Carolina; total value for all categories of life insurance (individual, group, and credit) was $256.3 billion. The average coverage amount is $46,400 per policy holder. Death benefits paid that year totaled $874 million.

As of 2003, there were 32 property and casualty and 12 life and health insurance companies domiciled in the state. In 2004, direct premiums for property and casualty insurance totaled over $5.7 billion. That year, there were 148,301 flood insurance policies in force in the state, with a total value of $28.7 billion. There were also 21,440 beach and windstorm insurance policies against hurricane and other windstorm damage in force, with a total value of $6 billion.

In 2003, there were over 3.3 million auto insurance policies in effect for private passenger cars. Required minimum coverage includes bodily injury liability of up to $15,000 per individual and $30,000 for all persons injured in an accident, as well as property damage liability of $10,000. Uninsured motorist coverage is also required. In 2003, the average expenditure per vehicle for insurance coverage was $744.79.

In 2004, 51% of state residents held employment-based health insurance policies, 4% held individual policies, and 28% were covered under Medicare and Medicaid; 15% of residents were uninsured. In 2003, employee contributions for employment-based health coverage averaged at 20% for single coverage and 29% for family coverage. The state offers a six-month health benefits expansion program for small-firm employees in connection with the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA, 1986), a health insurance program for those who lose employment-based coverage due to termination or reduction of work hours.

SECURITIES

There are no securities exchanges in South Carolina. In 2005, there were 1,060 personal financial advisers employed in the state and 1,700 securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents. In 2004, there were over 64 publicly traded companies within the state, with over 18 NASDAQ companies, 8 NYSE listings, and 4 AMEX listings. In 2006, the state had one Fortune 500 company; SCANA, based in Columbia and listed on the NYSE, ranked 447th in the nation with revenues of over $4.7 billion. Sonoco Products (NYSE), Bowater (NYSE), and ScanSource (NASDAQ) were all listed in the Fortune 1,000.

Enforcement of the state Securities Act is vested in the securities commissioner within the Office of the Attorney General.

PUBLIC FINANCE

South Carolina's governor submits the annual budget to the General Assembly in January as the basis for enactment of an appropriation bill, effective for the fiscal year beginning July 1.

The state constitution requires that budget appropriations not exceed expected revenues. A General Reserve Fund (equaling 3% of General Fund revenues) is maintained to cover operating deficits. In addition, approximately 25% of projected revenue growth is set-aside and may be used as a surplus at the end of the fiscal year. Many tax revenues are earmarked for specific purposes and are deposited in accounts other than the general fund: all gasoline taxes and related charges are designated for highways, and a portion of the sales tax goes directly to public education. In addition, public education accounts for more than half of all general fund expenditures. The state shares tax collections with its subdivisions (counties and municipalities), which determine how their share of the money will be spent.

Fiscal year 2006 general funds were estimated at $6.4 billion for resources and $5.7 billion for expenditures. In fiscal year 2004, federal government grants to South Carolina were $6.1 billion.

TAXATION

In 2005, South Carolina collected $7,318 million in tax revenues or $1,720 per capita, which placed it 43rd among the 50 states in per capita tax burden. The national average was $2,192 per capita. Property taxes accounted for 0.1% of the total; sales taxes, 39.7%; selective sales taxes, 13.4%; individual income taxes, 36.8%; corporate income taxes, 3.4%; and other taxes 6.7%.

As of 1 January 2006, South Carolina had six individual income tax brackets ranging from 2.5% to 7.0%. The state taxes corporations at a flat rate of 5.0%.

In 2004, state and local property taxes amounted to $3,704,419,000 or $882 per capita. The per capita amount ranks the state 33rd highest nationally. Local governments collected $3,692,822,000 of the total and the state government $11,597,000.

South Carolina taxes retail sales at a rate of 5%. In addition to the state tax, local taxes on retail sales can reach as much as 2%, making for a potential total tax on retail sales of 7%. Food purchased for consumption off-premises is taxable. The tax on cigarettes is 7 cents per pack, which ranks 51st among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. South Carolina taxes gasoline at 16 cents per gallon. This is in addition to the 18.4 cents per gallon federal tax on gasoline.

According to the Tax Foundation, for every federal tax dollar sent to Washington in 2004, South Carolina citizens received $1.38 in federal spending.

ECONOMIC POLICY

The Department of Commerce seeks to encourage economic growth and to attract new industries; it has been successful in at-

tracting foreign companies, especially to the Piedmont. The Community and Rural Development Division strengthens and improves the leadership capacity and education of local community leaders. The division offers technical assistance to all South Carolina communities.

The state exempts all new industrial construction from local property taxes (except the school tax) for five years. Moreover, industrial properties are assessed very leniently for tax purposes. State and local governments have cooperated in building necessary roads to industrial sites, providing water and sewer services, and helping industries to meet environmental standards. Counties are authorized to issue industrial bonds at low interest rates. Generally conservative state fiscal policies, relatively low wage rates, and an anti-union climate also serve as magnets for industry.

HEALTH

The infant mortality rate in October 2005 was estimated at 8.4 per 1,000 live births. The birth rate in 2003 was 13.4 per 1,000 population. The abortion rate stood at 9.3 per 1,000 women in 2000. In 2003, about 77.5% of pregnant woman received prenatal care beginning in the first trimester. In 2004, approximately 80% of children received routine immunizations before the age of three.

The crude death rate in 2003 was 9.2 deaths per 1,000 population. As of 2002, the death rates for major causes of death (per 100,000 resident population) were: heart disease, 235.2; cancer, 202.9; cerebrovascular diseases, 68.7; chronic lower respiratory diseases, 46; and diabetes, 27.1. The mortality rate from HIV infection was 7.3 per 100,000 population. In 2004, the reported AIDS case rate was at about 18.1 per 100,000 population. In 2002, about 59.3% of the population was considered overweight or obese. As of 2004, about 24.3% of state residents were smokers.

In 2003, South Carolina had 61 community hospitals with about 11,100 beds. There were about 506,000 patient admissions that year and 7.4 million outpatient visits. The average daily inpatient census was about 8,100 patients. The average cost per day for hospital care was $1,355. Also in 2003, there were about 178 certified nursing facilities in the state with 18,306 beds and an overall occupancy rate of about 88.6%. In 2004, it was estimated that about 68.7% of all state residents had received some type of dental care within the year. South Carolina had 231 physicians per 100,000 resident population in 2004 and 732 nurses per 100,000 in 2005. In 2004, there was a total of 1,949 dentists in the state.

About 24% of state residents were enrolled in Medicaid programs in 2003; 15% were enrolled in Medicare programs in 2004. Approximately 15% of the state population was uninsured in 2004. In 2003, state health care expenditures totaled $5.5 million.

SOCIAL WELFARE

In 2004, about 123,000 people received unemployment benefits, with the average weekly unemployment benefit at $211. In fiscal year 2005, the estimated average monthly participation in the food stamp program included about 521,125 persons (219,503 households); the average monthly benefit was about $90.48 per person. That year, the total of benefits paid through the state for the food stamp program was about $565.8 million.

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), the system of federal welfare assistance that officially replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in 1997, was reauthorized through the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. TANF is funded through federal block grants that are divided among the states based on an equation involving the number of recipients in each state. South Carolina's TANF program is called Family Independence. In 2004, the state program had 39,000 recipients; state and federal expenditures on this TANF program totaled $51 million in fiscal year 2003.

In December 2004, Social Security benefits were paid to 750,970 South Carolina residents. This number included 453,910 retired workers, 69,510 widows and widowers, 123,460 disabled workers, 30,770 spouses, and 73,320 children. Social Security beneficiaries represented 18% of the total state population and 93.8% of the state's population age 65 and older. Retired workers received an average monthly payment of $931; widows and widowers, $820; disabled workers, $884; and spouses, $468. Payments for children of retired workers averaged $490 per month; children of deceased workers, $597; and children of disabled workers, $270. Federal Supplemental Security Income payments in December 2004 went to 105,223 Pennsylvania residents, averaging $369 a month. An additional $937,000 of state-administered supplemental payments were distributed to 2,981 residents.

HOUSING

In 2004, there were an estimated 1,890,682 housing units, 1,611,401 of which were occupied; 69.7% were owner-occupied. About 60.6% of all housing units were single-family, detached homes. The state had one of the largest percentages of mobile home units with nearly 18.8% in 2004. Electricity and utility gas were the most common energy sources for heating. It was estimated 102,653 units lacked telephone service, 5,428 lacked complete plumbing facilities, and 8,284 lacked complete kitchen facilities. The average household had 2.52 members.

In 2004, 43,200 new privately owned housing units were authorized for construction. The median home value was $113,910. The median monthly cost for mortgage owners was $987. Renters paid a median of $610 per month. In 2006, the state received over $23.9 million in community development block grants from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

South Carolina has made a determined effort to upgrade housing. The State Housing Authority, created in 1971, is empowered to issue bonds to provide mortgage subsidies for low- and middle-income families.

EDUCATION

For decades, South Carolina ranked below the national averages in most phases of education, including expenditures per pupil, median years of school completed, teachers' salaries, and literacy levels. During the 1970s, however, significant improvements were made through the adoption of five-year achievement goals, enactment of a statewide educational funding plan, provision of special programs for exceptional children and of kindergartens for all children, measurement of students' achievements at various stages, and expansion of adult education programs. As of 2004, 83.6% of residents 25 years or older had completed high school, almost meeting the national average of 84%. Some 24.9% had attended four or more years of college.

The total enrollment for fall 2002 in South Carolina's public schools stood at 695,000. Of these, 501,000 attended schools from kindergarten through grade eight, and 194,000 attended high school. Approximately 54.2% of the students were white, 41.3% were black, 3.2% were Hispanic, 1.1% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and 0.3% were American Indian/Alaskan Native. Total enrollment was estimated at 689,000 in fall 2003 and expected to be 675,000 by fall 2014, a decline of 2.7% during the period 2002–14. Expenditures for public education in 2003/04 were estimated at $6.1 billion. In fall 2003 there were 58,005 students enrolled in 345 private schools. Since 1969, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has tested public school students nationwide. The resulting report, The Nation's Report Card, stated that in 2005, eighth graders in South Carolina scored 281 out of 500 in mathematics compared with the national average of 278.

As of fall 2002, there were 202,007 students enrolled in college or graduate school; minority students comprised 30.6% of total postsecondary enrollment. In 2005 South Carolina had 63 degree-granting institutions. The state has three major universities: the University of South Carolina, with its main campus in Columbia; Clemson University, at Clemson; and the Medical University of South Carolina in Charleston. In addition, there are four-year state colleges, as well as four-year and two-year branches of the University of South Carolina. The state also has 23 four-year non-profit private colleges and universities; most are church-affiliated. The Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary in Columbia is the only major private graduate institution. South Carolina has an extensive technical education system, supported by both state and local funds. Tuition grants are offered for South Carolina students in need that are enrolled in private colleges in the state.

ARTS

The South Carolina Arts Commission, created in 1967, has developed apprenticeship programs, under the Folklife and Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Initiative, in which students learn from master artists. In 2005, the South Carolina Arts Commission and other South Carolina arts organizations received 15 grants totaling $933,200 from the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). In 2005, the National Endowment for the Humanities contributed $769,885 for 10 state programs. The state and various private sources also provided funding for the council's activities.

South Carolina's three major centers for the visual arts are the Gibbes Museum of Art in Charleston, the Columbia Museum of Art, and the Greenville County Museum of Art. The Town Theater in Columbia was built in 1924 and is the nation's oldest community playhouse in continuous use. The theater building is also listed in the National Register of Historic Places. As of 2005, the Town Theater offered Summer Camps for youths between 2nd and 12th grade.

The Charleston Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1936, celebrated its 70th anniversary during the 2005/06 season. The Charlotte Symphony Orchestra celebrated its 75th anniversary during its 2006/07. Perhaps South Carolina's best-known musical event is the Spoleto Festival—held annually in Charleston during May and June and modeled on the Spoleto Festival in Italy—at which artists of international repute perform in original productions in opera, theater, dance, music, and circus.

LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS

For the fiscal year ending in June 2001, South Carolina had 41 public library systems, with a total of 183 libraries, of which 143 were branches. In that same year, the South Carolina public library systems had a combined book/serial publication stock of 8,260,000 volumes and a total circulation of 18,166,000. The system also had 280,000 audio and 234,000 video items, 30,000 electronic format items (CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, and disks), and 35 bookmobiles. The State Library in Columbia works to improve library services throughout the state and also provides reference and research services for the state government. The University of South Carolina and Clemson University libraries, with more than 3,067,457 and 1,024,289 volumes, respectively, have the most outstanding academic collections. Special libraries are maintained by the South Carolina Historical Society in Charleston and the De-partment of Archives and History in Columbia; the South Caroliniana Society at the University of South Carolina is a friends' group devoted to the USC library. In fiscal year 2001, operating income for the state's public library system totaled $75,829,000 and included $648,000 in federal funds and $6,990,000 in state funding.

There are 131 museums and historic sites, notably the State Museum in Columbia, with collections reflecting all areas of the state; Charleston Museum (specializing in history, natural history, and anthropology); and the University of South Carolina McKissick Museums (with silver, lapidary, and military collections) also in Columbia. Charleston is also famous for its many old homes, streets, churches, and public facilities; at the entrance to Charleston Harbor stands Ft. Sumter, where the Civil War began. Throughout the state, numerous battle sites of the American Revolution have been preserved; many antebellum plantation homes have been restored, especially in the low country. Restoration projects have proceeded in Columbia and Charleston, where the restored Exchange Building, dating to the Revolutionary War, was opened to the public in 1981.

Among the state's best-known botanical gardens are the Cypress, Magnolia, and Middleton gardens in the Charleston area. Edisto Garden in Orangeburg is renowned for its azaleas and roses, and Brookgreen Gardens near Georgetown displays a wide variety of plants, animals, and sculpture.

COMMUNICATIONS

In 2004, 93.4% of South Carolina's occupied housing units had telephones. Additionally, by June of that same year there were 2,337,367 mobile wireless telephone subscribers. In 2003, 54.9% of South Carolina households had a computer and 45.6% had Internet access. By June 2005, there were 464,917 high-speed lines in South Carolina, 414,608 residential and 50,309 for business. The state had 62 major radio stations (14 AM, 48 FM) and 20 major television stations in 2005. South Carolina has one of the most highly regarded educational television systems in the nation, with ten stations serving the public schools, higher education institutions, state agencies, and the general public through a multichannel closed-circuit network and seven open channels. The Charlotte area alone had 880,570 television households, 67% receiving cable in 1999. Some 45,839 Internet domain names were registered in the state as of 2000.

PRESS

Charleston Courier, founded in 1803, and the Post. founded in 1894 merged to form the Charleston Post and Courier in 1991. The Spartanburg Herald-Journal was founded in 1844 and the Greenville News began publication in 1874. Overall, as of 2005, South Carolina had 14 morning newspapers, 2 evening dailies, and 14 Sunday newspapers.

Leading dailies and their approximate 2005 circulation rates are as follows:

ORGANIZATIONS

In 2006, there were over 3,110 nonprofit organizations registered within the state, of which about 2,238 were registered as charitable, educational, or religious organizations. National professional and business organizations with headquarters in the state include the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, the National Peach Council, and the United States Sweet Potato Council. National offices for US Club Soccer and the Southern Conference of collegiate sports are located within the state. State educational and cultural organizations include the South Carolina Historical Society and the South Carolina Humanities Council. There are several local arts councils. The Congressional Medal of Honor Society in Mount Pleasant hosts a museum to honor recipients of this award.

TOURISM, TRAVEL, AND RECREATION

In 2004, the tourism and travel industry ranked first in the state as the largest employer and the largest "export." That year, the state hosted some 32 million visitors with total visitor spending at $7.8 billion. Approximately 132,400 South Carolinians are directly employed by the tourism industry. About 75% of travelers are from out-of-state. Nearly one-third of all trips are day trips. About 75% of out-of-state tourist revenue is spent by vacationers in Charleston, where visitors may tour in a horse-drawn buggy, and at the Myrtle Beach and Hilton Head Island resorts. The Marketplace at the center of Charleston marks the place where over 70% of all slaves were processed into the country. Outside of Charleston, several historic plantations offer tours.

The Cowpens National Battlefield and the Ft. Sumter and Ft. Moultrie and Kings Mountain national military sites are popular tourist attractions. Golf is a major attraction, generating more income than any other single entertainment or recreational activity. During the last week in May, Charleston hosts the Spoleto Festival, which features exhibits, plays, and musical presentations.

There are 46 state parks and 9 welcome centers in the state.

SPORTS

There are no major professional sports teams in South Carolina. Minor league baseball teams are located in Myrtle Beach and Charleston. There are also minor league hockey teams in North Charleston, Greenville, and Florence. Several steeplechase horse races are held annually in Camden, and important professional golf and tennis tournaments are held at Hilton Head Island.

In collegiate football, the Clemson Tigers of the Atlantic Coast Conference won the AP and UPI National Championship in 1981. The University of South Carolina of the Southeastern Conference and South Carolina State of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference also have football programs. Under the tutelage of former Notre Dame coach Lou Holtz, the South Carolina Gamecocks saw a turnaround in their football program, highlighted by consecutive Outback Bowl victories over Ohio State in 2001 and 2002.

Fishing, water-skiing, and sailing are popular sports. There are two major stock car races held at Darlington each year: the Mall. com 400 in March and the Southern 500 on Labor Day weekend.

Other annual sporting events include Polo Games held from February through Easter in Aiken, and the Governor's Annual Frog Jumping Contest held in Springfield on the Saturday before Easter.

FAMOUS SOUTH CAROLINIANS

Many distinguished South Carolinians made their reputations outside the state. Andrew Jackson (1767–1845), the seventh US president, was born in a border settlement probably inside present-day South Carolina, but studied law in North Carolina before establishing a legal practice in Tennessee. Identified more closely with South Carolina is John C. Calhoun (1782–1850), vice president from 1825 to 1832; Calhoun also served as US senator and was a leader of the South before the Civil War.

John Rutledge (1739–1800), the first governor of the state and a leader during the America Revolution, served a term as US chief justice but was never confirmed by the Senate. Another Revolutionary leader, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (1746–1825), was also a delegate to the US constitutional convention. A strong Unionist, Joel R. Poinsett (1779–1851) served as secretary of war and as the first US ambassador to Mexico; he developed the poinsettia, named after him, from a Mexican plant. Benjamin R. Tillman (1847–1918) was governor, US senator, and leader of the populist movement in South Carolina. Bernard M. Baruch (1870–1965), an outstanding financier, statesman, and adviser to presidents, was born in South Carolina. Another presidential adviser, James F. Byrnes (1879–1972), also served as US senator, associate justice of the Supreme Court, and secretary of state. The state's best-known recent political leader was J(ames) Strom Thurmond (1902–2003), who ran for the presidency as a States' Rights Democrat ("Dixiecrat") in 1948, winning 1,169,134 popular votes and 39 electoral votes, and served in the Senate from 1954 until his death.

Famous military leaders native to the state are the Revolutionary War General Francis Marion (1732?–95), known as the Swamp Fox, and James Longstreet (1821–1904), a Confederate lieutenant general during the Civil War, Mark W. Clark (b.New York, 1896–1984), US Army general and former president of the Citadel, lived in South Carolina after 1954. General William C. Westmoreland (1914–2005) was commander of US forces in Viet-Nam.

Notable in the academic world are Francis Lieber (b.Germany, 1800–1872), a political scientist who taught at the University of South Carolina and, later, Columbia University in New York City, and wrote for the United States the world's first comprehensive code of military laws and procedures; Mary McLeod Bethune (1875–1955), founder of Bethune-Cookman College in Florida and of the National Council of Negro Women; John B. Watson (1878–1958), a pioneer in behavioral psychology; and Charles H. Townes (b.1915), awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1964. South Carolinians prominent in business and the professions include architect Robert Mills (1781–1855), who designed the Washington Monument and many other buildings; William Gregg (b.Virginia, 1800–1867), a leader in establishing the textile industry in the South; David R. Coker (1870–1938), who developed many varieties of pedigreed seed; and industrial builder Charles E. Daniel (1895–1964), who helped bring many new industries to the state.

South Carolinians who made significant contributions to literature include William Gilmore Simms (1806–70), author of nearly 100 books; Julia Peterkin (1880–1961), who won the Pulitzer Prize for Scarlet Sister Mary; DuBose Heyward (1885–1940), whose novel Porgy was the basis of the folk opera Porgy and Bess; and James M. Dabbs (1896–1970), a writer who was also a leader in the racial integration movement.

Entertainers born in the state include singer Eartha Kitt (b.1928) and jazz trumpeter John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (1917–1993). Tennis champion Althea Gibson (1927–2003) was another South Carolina native.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Barefoot, Daniel W. Touring South Carolina's Revolutionary War Sites. Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair, 1999.

Cauthen, Charles E. South Carolina Goes to War, 1860–65. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

Cities of the United States. 5th ed. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale, 2005.

Coastal Southeast 2005: Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina. Park Ridge, Ill.: ExxonMobil Travel Publications, 2005.

Council of State Governments. The Book of the States, 2006 Edition. Lexington, Ky.: Council of State Governments, 2006.

Ferris, William (ed.). The South. Vol. 7 in The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2004.

Graham, Cole Brease. South Carolina Politics & Government. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994.

McAuliffe, Bill. South Carolina Facts and Symbols. New York: Hilltop Books, 1999.

McCaslin, Richard B. Photographic History of South Carolina in the Civil War. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1994.

Poole, W. Scott. South Carolina's Civil War: A Narrative History. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 2005.

Rhyne, Nancy (ed.). Voices of Carolina Slave Children. Orange-burg, S.C.: Sandlapper Publishing Company, 1999.

Rogers, George C. A South Carolina Chronology, 1497–1992. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1994.

US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau. South Carolina, 2000. Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics: 2000 Census of Population and Housing. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 2003.

US Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Digest of Education Statistics, 1993. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 1993.

US Department of the Interior, US Fish and Wildlife Service. Endangered and Threatened Species Recovery Program. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 1990.

Yuhl, Stephanie E. A Golden Haze of Memory: The Making of Historic Charleston. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

Zuczek, Richard. State of Rebellion: Reconstruction in South Carolina. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996.

South Carolina

AIKEN TECHNICAL COLLEGE

PO Drawer 696
Aiken, SC 29802-0696
Tel: (803)593-9231
E-mail: pridepae@atc.edu
Web Site: http://www.aik.tec.sc.us/
President/CEO: Susan A. Graham
Registrar: Dr. James Schmidt
Admissions: Evelyn Pride Patterson
Financial Aid: John Garrison
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education % Accepted: 65 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $2816 full-time, $117 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3176 full-time, $132 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8204 full-time, $337 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $120 full-time, $4.25 per credit hour part-time, $60 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,397, PT 1,119 Faculty: FT 55, PT 109 Library Holdings: 32,118 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ADA, ACBSP Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M

ALLEN UNIVERSITY

1530 Harden St.
Columbia, SC 29204
Tel: (803)254-4165
Admissions: (803)376-5789
Fax: (803)376-5731
Web Site: http://www.allenuniversity.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Charles E. Young
Registrar: Nathan Vereen
Admissions: Kristy J. Sinkfield
Financial Aid: Antonia Roberts
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: African Methodist Episcopal Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED not accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Comprehensive fee: $6260 includes full-time tuition ($3609), mandatory fees ($546), and college room and board ($2105). College room only: $1230. Part-time tuition: $301 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 552, PT 13 Faculty: FT 25, PT 14 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 80 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 80 Library Holdings: 50,000 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Football M; Volleyball W

ANDERSON UNIVERSITY

316 Blvd.
Anderson, SC 29621-4035
Tel: (864)231-2000
Free: 800-542-3594
Admissions: (864)231-2030
Fax: (864)231-2004
E-mail: admissions@anderson-college.edu
Web Site: http://www.ac.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Evans P. Whitaker
Registrar: Lisa Thompson
Admissions: Pam Bryant
Financial Aid: Jeff Holliday
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baptist Scores: 95.7% SAT V 400+; 96.9% SAT M 400+; 65.2% ACT 18-23; 21.4% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 78 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: July 01 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $22,950 includes full-time tuition ($15,400), mandatory fees ($1150), and college room and board ($6400). College room only: $3250. Part-time tuition: $410 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,277, PT 367 Faculty: FT 68, PT 82 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 86 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 50 Library Holdings: 69,069 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Equestrian Sports M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

BENEDICT COLLEGE

1600 Harden St.
Columbia, SC 29204
Tel: (803)256-4220
Admissions: (803)253-5275
Fax: (803)253-5167
Web Site: http://www.benedict.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. David H. Swinton
Registrar: Wanda Scott-Kinney
Admissions: Gary Knight
Financial Aid: Sul M. Black
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baptist Scores: 44.31% SAT V 400+; 46.35% SAT M 400+; 11.46% ACT 18-23 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $18,912 includes full-time tuition ($11,574), mandatory fees ($1380), and college room and board ($5958). Part-time tuition: $388 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $45 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,864, PT 141 Faculty: FT 127, PT 41 Student-Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 66 Library Holdings: 114,770 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 125 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: CSWE, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M; Softball W; Tennis M; Track and Field M; Volleyball W

BOB JONES UNIVERSITY

1700 Wade Hampton Blvd.
Greenville, SC 29614
Tel: (803)242-5100
Free: 800-BJA-NDME
Admissions: (864)242-5100
E-mail: admissions@bju.edu
Web Site: http://www.bju.edu/
Admissions: David Christ
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 46% ACT 18-23; 39% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 82 Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $45.00 Costs Per Year: Application fee: $45. Comprehensive fee: $14,750 includes full-time tuition ($9180), mandatory fees ($590), and college room and board ($4980). Part-time tuition: $459 per credit hour. Calendar System: Semester Enrollment: FT 3,523, PT 52, Grad 524 Faculty: FT 235, PT 67 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: ACT

CENTRAL CAROLINA TECHNICAL COLLEGE

506 North Guignard Dr.
Sumter, SC 29150-2499
Tel: (803)778-1961
Free: 800-221-8711
Fax: (803)773-4859
E-mail: brackenlm@cctech.edu
Web Site: http://www.cctech.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Kay Raffield
Registrar: Mary Agnes White
Admissions: Lisa M. Bracken
Financial Aid: Bill Whitlock
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted. For nursing programs: High school diploma required; GED not accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Area resident tuition: $2700 full-time, $112.50 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3168 full-time, $132.50 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4800 full-time, $200 per credit hour part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 945, PT 2,299 Faculty: FT 82, PT 98 Student-Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Library Holdings: 20,356 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ACBSP, NLN

CHARLESTON SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY

PO Box 118087
Charleston, SC 29423-8087
Tel: (843)863-7000
Free: 800-947-7474
Admissions: (843)863-7050
E-mail: enroll@csuniv.edu
Web Site: http://www.charlestonsouthern.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Jairy C. Hunter, Jr.
Registrar: Rex Nestor
Admissions: Kathryn LaCross
Financial Aid: Cheryl Burton
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baptist Scores: 92.94% SAT V 400+; 92.37% SAT M 400+; 60.94% ACT 18-23; 14.7% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 71 Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $23,230 includes full-time tuition ($16,780) and college room and board ($6450). Part-time tuition: $271 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Miscellaneous, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,208, PT 374, Grad 440 Faculty: FT 106, PT 72 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 66 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 46 Library Holdings: 192,600 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 credit hours, Associates; 125 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Air Force Professional Accreditation: NASM, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

THE CITADEL, THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA

171 Moultrie St.
Charleston, SC 29409
Tel: (843)953-5000
Free: 800-868-1842
Admissions: (843)953-5230
Fax: (843)953-7084
E-mail: john.powell@citadel.edu
Web Site: http://www.citadel.edu
President/CEO: Maj. Gen. John S. Grinalds
Registrar: Maj. Sylvia Nesmith
Admissions: Lt. Col. John Powell
Financial Aid: Lt. Col. Henry M. Fuller, Jr.
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 99.4% SAT V 400+; 99.8% SAT M 400+; 66.3% ACT 18-23; 27.6% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 78 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $6522 full-time, $198 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $15,918 full-time, $397 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $998 full-time, $15 per term part-time. College room and board: $4840. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,111, PT 127, Grad 1,148 Faculty: FT 157, PT 75 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 49 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 100 Library Holdings: 233,745 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ROTC: Army, Navy, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M; Crew M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Ice Hockey M & W; Lacrosse M & W; Riflery M & W; Rugby M & W; Sailing M & W; Soccer M & W; Tennis M; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball M & W; Weight Lifting M & W; Wrestling M

CLAFLIN UNIVERSITY

400 Magnolia St.
Orangeburg, SC 29115
Tel: (803)535-5097
Admissions: (803)535-5340
Fax: (803)531-2860
E-mail: mzeigler@claflin.edu
Web Site: http://www.claflin.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Henry N. Tisdale
Registrar: Kathryn Boyd
Admissions: Michael Zeigler
Financial Aid: Delores Cooper
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: United Methodist Scores: 83% SAT V 400+; 75% SAT M 400 + % Accepted: 40 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Comprehensive fee: $16,798 includes full-time tuition ($9206), mandatory fees ($1684), and college room and board ($5908). College room only: $2632. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $384 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $63 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,598, PT 80, Grad 50 Faculty: FT 93, PT 34 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT, SAT II % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 65 Library Holdings: 158,108 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: ACBSP, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

CLEMSON UNIVERSITY

Clemson, SC 29634
Tel: (864)656-3311
Admissions: (864)656-2287
Fax: (864)656-2464
Web Site: http://www.clemson.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. James F. Barker
Registrar: Stanley B. Smith
Admissions: Robert S. Barkley
Financial Aid: Marvin G. Carmichael
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 18% ACT 18-23; 61% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 57 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission Application Deadline: May 01 Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. State resident tuition: $9016 full-time, $364 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $18,640 full-time, $760 per hour part-time. Full-time tuition varies according to course load and program. Part-time tuition varies according to course load and program. College room and board: $5780. College room only: $3470. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 13,257, PT 839, Grad 3,069 Faculty: FT 1,015, PT 128 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 38 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 47 Library Holdings: 1,233,478 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ACCE, ACA, ADtA, ACSP, ASLA, NASAD, NCATE, NLN, NRPA, SAF Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Bowling M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Crew M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Equestrian Sports M & W; Fencing M & W; Field Hockey M & W; Football M; Golf M; Ice Hockey M & W; Lacrosse M & W; Riflery M & W; Rugby M & W; Sailing M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Ultimate Frisbee M & W; Volleyball M & W; Weight Lifting M & W; Wrestling M

CLINTON JUNIOR COLLEGE

PO Box 968, 1029 Crawford Rd.
Rock Hill, SC 29730
Tel: (803)327-7402
Fax: (803)327-3261
E-mail: ecopeland@clintonjrcollege.org
Web Site: http://www.clintonjuniorcollege.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Janis Pen
Admissions: Dr. Janis Pen
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Calendar System: Semester Professional Accreditation: TACCS

COASTAL CAROLINA UNIVERSITY

PO Box 261954
Conway, SC 29528-6054
Tel: (843)347-3161
Free: 800-277-7000
Admissions: (843)349-2037
Fax: (843)349-2127
E-mail: admissions@coastal.edu
Web Site: http://www.coastal.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Ronald R. Ingle
Registrar: Brenda Sawyer
Admissions: Dr. Judy Vogt
Financial Aid: Glenn Hanson
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 99% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 75% ACT 18-23; 23% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 74 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 15 Application Fee: $45.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $45. State resident tuition: $6780 full-time, $290 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $15,020 full-time, $630 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $80 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. College room and board: $6280. College room only: $4020. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 5,753, PT 644, Grad 1,216 Faculty: FT 233, PT 181 Student-Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 66 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 34 Library Holdings: 144,361 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, NASAD, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

COKER COLLEGE

300 East College Ave.
Hartsville, SC 29550
Tel: (843)383-8000
Free: 800-950-1908
Admissions: (843)383-8050
Fax: (843)383-8056
E-mail: admissions@coker.edu
Web Site: http://www.coker.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. B. James Dawson
Registrar: Bobb E. Riggs
Admissions: Perry Wilson
Financial Aid: Betty Williams
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Scores: 91% SAT V 400+; 92% SAT M 400+; 63% ACT 18-23; 10% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 66 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $15. Comprehensive fee: $23,728 includes full-time tuition ($17,472), mandatory fees ($480), and college room and board ($5776). College room only: $2740. Part-time tuition: $728 per semester hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 541, PT 10 Faculty: FT 55, PT 10 Student-Faculty Ratio: 9:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 84 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 70 Library Holdings: 78,706 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NASM Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON

66 George St.
Charleston, SC 29424-0001
Tel: (843)953-5507
Admissions: (843)953-5670
E-mail: admissions@cofc.edu
Web Site: http://www.cofc.edu/
President/CEO: Leo Higdon
Registrar: Pamela Anastassion
Admissions: Suzette Stille
Financial Aid: Donald Griggs
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 48.9% ACT 18-23; 49.7% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 66 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Action; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: April 01 Application Fee: $45.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $45. State resident tuition: $6668 full-time, $278 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $15,342 full-time, $639 per semester hour part-time. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. College room and board: $6948. College room only: $4768. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 9,055, PT 823, Grad 1,454 Faculty: FT 515, PT 343 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 37 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 29 Library Holdings: 476,108 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 122 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, JRCEPAT, NASM, NASPAA, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Equestrian Sports W; Golf M & W; Sailing M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

COLUMBIA COLLEGE

1301 Columbia College Dr.
Columbia, SC 29203-5998
Tel: (803)786-3012
Free: 800-277-1301
Admissions: (803)786-3091
Fax: (803)786-3674
E-mail: admissions@colacoll.edu
Web Site: http://www.columbiacollegesc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Caroline Whitson
Admissions: Dr. Ronald G. White
Financial Aid: Anita Kaminer Elliott
Type: Comprehensive Affiliation: United Methodist Scores: 89.5% SAT V 400+; 94.23% SAT M 400+; 59.63% ACT 18-23; 22.94% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 84 Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $25,032 includes full-time tuition ($18,864), mandatory fees ($350), and college room and board ($5818). College room only: $3034. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $506 per credit hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 867, PT 241, Grad 385 Faculty: FT 82, PT 72 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 78 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 63 Library Holdings: 140,909 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 127 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Navy, Air Force Professional Accreditation: CSWE, NASAD, NASD, NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball W; Soccer W; Tennis W; Volleyball W

COLUMBIA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

PO Box 3122
Columbia, SC 29230-3122
Tel: (803)754-4100
Free: 800-777-2227
Fax: (803)786-4209
E-mail: yesciu@ciu.edu
Web Site: http://www.ciu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. George W. Murray
Registrar: Wanda Burch
Admissions: Michelle MacGregor
Financial Aid: Mary Bisesi
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: nondenominational Scores: 89% SAT V 400+; 96% SAT M 400+; 42% ACT 18-23; 46% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 67 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $45.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $45. Comprehensive fee: $20,592 includes full-time tuition ($14,880) and college room and board ($5712). Part-time tuition: $600 per semester hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 496, PT 54, Grad 327 Faculty: FT 23, PT 25 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 75 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 59 Library Holdings: 118,752 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 63 semester hours, Associates; 128 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AABC, ATS

CONVERSE COLLEGE

580 East Main St.
Spartanburg, SC 29302-0006
Tel: (864)596-9000
Free: 800-766-1125
Admissions: (864)596-9040
Fax: (864)596-9158
E-mail: aaron.meis@converse.edu
Web Site: http://www.converse.edu/
President/CEO: Nancy O. Gray
Registrar: Mary Brown
Admissions: Aaron Meis
Financial Aid: Peggy Collins
Type: Comprehensive Scores: 97% SAT V 400+; 99% SAT M 400+; 47% ACT 18-23; 41% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 84 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Action; Early Decision Plan; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: April 01 Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. Comprehensive fee: $29,082 includes full-time tuition ($22,234) and college room and board ($6848). Part-time tuition: $720 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $20 per term. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: 4-1-4, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 648, PT 128, Grad 1,400 Faculty: FT 83, PT 90 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 71 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 90 Library Holdings: 129,411 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AAMFT, NASM Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball W; Cheerleading W; Cross-Country Running W; Soccer W; Tennis W; Volleyball W

DENMARK TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Solomon Blatt Blvd., Box 327
Denmark, SC 29042-0327
Tel: (803)793-5100
Admissions: (803)793-5176
Fax: (803)793-5942
Web Site: http://www.denmarktech.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Joann R. G. Boyd-Scotland
Admissions: Michelle McDowell
Financial Aid: Clara B. Moses
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $2088 full-time, $87 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4176 full-time, $174 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $190 full-time, $95 per term part-time. College room and board: $3096. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 969, PT 439 Faculty: FT 30, PT 17 Student-Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Exams: Other Library Holdings: 15,437 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: ABET, ACBSP Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Softball W

ERSKINE COLLEGE

2 Washington St.
PO Box 338 Due West, SC 29639
Tel: (864)379-2131
Free: 800-241-8721
Admissions: (864)379-8830
Fax: (864)379-8759
E-mail: admissions@erskine.edu
Web Site: http://www.erskine.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. John L. Carson
Registrar: Charlene Haynes
Admissions: Bart Walker
Financial Aid: Rebecca Pressley
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church; Erskine Theological Seminary Scores: 98% SAT V 400+; 99% SAT M 400+; 45% ACT 18-23; 39% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 70 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $25,468 includes full-time tuition ($17,700), mandatory fees ($1342), and college room and board ($6426). Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: 4-1-4, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 585, PT 9, Grad 127 Faculty: FT 37, PT 31 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 81 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 88 Library Holdings: 233,541 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 semester hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Equestrian Sports M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W

FLORENCE-DARLINGTON TECHNICAL COLLEGE

2715 West Lucas St.
PO Box 100548
Florence, SC 29501-0548
Tel: (843)661-8324
Free: 800-228-5745
Admissions: (843)661-8153
Fax: (843)661-8306
E-mail: kirvenp@flo.tec.sc.us
Web Site: http://www.fdtc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Charles W. Gould
Registrar: Joe Onessimo, Jr.
Admissions: Kevin Qualls
Financial Aid: Joseph Durant
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For nursing, dental services, chemical engineering technology, surgical technology, health information management, medical laboratory technology: High school diploma required; GED accepted. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,147, PT 1,894 Faculty: FT 110, PT 202 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: Other, SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 34,814 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 61 credit hours, Associates ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: ABET, ADA, AHIMA, ACBSP, CARC, JRCERT, NAACLS, NLN

FORREST JUNIOR COLLEGE

601 East River St.
Anderson, SC 29624
Tel: (864)225-7653
Fax: (864)261-7471
Web Site: http://www.forrestcollege.com/
President/CEO: Dr. Roger Burnett
Admissions: Janie Turmon
Financial Aid: Kathy Montgomery
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $4950 full-time, $110 per quarter hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $450 full-time, $150 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and program. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and program. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 114, PT 51 Faculty: FT 4, PT 14 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Credit Hours For Degree: 109 quarter hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACICS

FRANCIS MARION UNIVERSITY

PO Box 100547
Florence, SC 29501-0547
Tel: (843)661-1362
Free: 800-368-7551
Admissions: (843)661-1231
Fax: (843)661-4635
Web Site: http://www.fmarion.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Luther F. Carter
Registrar: H. Elizabeth McLean
Admissions: Cynthia Harding
Financial Aid: Kim Ellisor
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 93.4% SAT V 400+; 94.3% SAT M 400+; 65% ACT 18-23; 13.2% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 71 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. State resident tuition: $6327 full-time, $316.35 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $12,654 full-time, $632.70 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $185 full-time, $4.75 per credit hour part-time. College room and board: $5430. College room only: $2960. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,058, PT 442, Grad 508 Faculty: FT 176, PT 105 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 45 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 44 Library Holdings: 332,043 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACSB, NASAD, NAST, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

FURMAN UNIVERSITY

3300 Poinsett Hwy.
Greenville, SC 29613
Tel: (864)294-2000
Admissions: (864)294-2034
Fax: (864)294-3127
E-mail: admissions@furman.edu
Web Site: http://www.furman.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. David E. Shi
Registrar: Brad Barron
Admissions: David R. O'Cain
Financial Aid: Martin Carney
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 13% ACT 18-23; 54% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 53 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission; Early Admission; Early Decision Plan Application Deadline: January 15 Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. Comprehensive fee: $33,264 includes full-time tuition ($25,888), mandatory fees ($464), and college room and board ($6912). College room only: $3712. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $809 per credit hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Miscellaneous, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,699, PT 105, Grad 417 Faculty: FT 220, PT 52 Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT, SAT II % Receiving Financial Aid: 44 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 91 Library Holdings: 453,211 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Crew M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Fencing M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Ice Hockey M; Lacrosse M; Rugby M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball M & W; Weight Lifting M & W

GREENVILLE TECHNICAL COLLEGE

PO Box 5616
Greenville, SC 29606-5616
Tel: (864)250-8000
Free: 800-723-0673
Admissions: (864)250-8109
Fax: (864)250-8534
Web Site: http://www.greenvilletech.com/
President/CEO: Dr. Thomas E. Barton, Jr.
Registrar: Renee Holcombe
Admissions: Martha S. White
Financial Aid: Janie Reid
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 248, PT 230 Exams: Other Library Holdings: 49,500 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ACF, ADA, AHIMA, AOTA, APTA, ACBSP, CARC, JRCERT, JRCEMT, NAACLS, NLN

HORRY-GEORGETOWN TECHNICAL COLLEGE

2050 Hwy. 501, PO Box 261966
Conway, SC 29528-6066
Tel: (843)347-3186
Admissions: (843)349-5277
Fax: (843)347-4207
E-mail: george.swindoll@hgtc.edu
Web Site: http://www.hgtc.edu/
President/CEO: H. Neyle Wilson
Registrar: Mary Jo Black
Admissions: George Swindoll
Financial Aid: Susan Thompson
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For health science programs: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Area resident tuition: $2800 full-time, $117 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3544 full-time, $148 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4264 full-time, $178 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $144 full-time, $1 per credit hour part-time, $35 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,446, PT 2,916 Faculty: FT 128, PT 276 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 63 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ACF, ADA, ACBSP, JRCERT, NLN

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

6 Independence Pointe
Greenville, SC 29615
Tel: (864)288-0777
Fax: (864)297-0053
Web Site: http://www.itt-tech.edu/
President/CEO: Rod Kruse
Admissions: David Murray
Financial Aid: Andre Davis
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: ITT Educational Services, Inc Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $100.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $100. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Not available Exams: Other Credit Hours For Degree: 96 credit hours, Associates; 180 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ACICS

LANDER UNIVERSITY

320 Stanley Ave.
Greenwood, SC 29649-2099
Tel: (864)388-8000; 888-452-6337
Admissions: (864)388-8307
Fax: (864)388-8125
E-mail: admissions@lander.edu
Web Site: http://www.lander.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Daniel W. Ball
Registrar: R. Thomas Nelson, III
Admissions: Jonathan T. Reece
Financial Aid: Stephan Schnaiter
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina Commission on Higher Education Scores: 88% SAT V 400+; 94% SAT M 400+; 51% ACT 18-23; 14% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 85 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. State resident tuition: $6108 full-time, $275 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $13,528 full-time, $564 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $560 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to degree level. Part-time tuition varies according to degree level. College room and board: $5468. College room only: $3360. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,373, PT 239, Grad 91 Faculty: FT 126, PT 64 Student-Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 39 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 33 Library Holdings: 175,366 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 125 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AACSB, MACTE, NASAD, NASM, NAST, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

LIMESTONE COLLEGE

1115 College Dr.
Gaffney, SC 29340-3799
Tel: (864)489-7151
Free: 800-795-7151
Admissions: (864)488-4549
Fax: (864)487-8706
E-mail: cphenicie@limestone.edu
Web Site: http://www.limestone.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Walt Griffin
Registrar: Brenda F. Watkins
Admissions: Chris Phenicie
Financial Aid: Summer G. Robertson
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Scores: 96% SAT V 400+; 95% SAT M 400+; 54% ACT 18-23; 8% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 58 Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $21,000 includes full-time tuition ($15,000) and college room and board ($6000). Part-time tuition: $625 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 660, PT 16 Faculty: FT 55, PT 32 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 78 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 49 Library Holdings: 104,582 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 semester hours, Associates; 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: CSWE, NASM Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Lacrosse M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA

171 Ashley Ave.
Charleston, SC 29425-0002
Tel: (843)792-2300
Admissions: (843)792-3813
Fax: (843)792-3764
Web Site: http://www.musc.edu/
President/CEO: W. Stuart Smith
Admissions: George W. Ohlandt
Financial Aid: Pearl M. Givens
Type: Two-Year Upper Division Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Preferred Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: February 01 Application Fee: $75.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $75. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Not available Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Library Holdings: 225,061 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 128 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ACPE, ACEHSA, AACN, AANA, ACNM, ACPhE, ADA, ADtA, AOTA, APTA, APA, ASC, ASLHA, LCMEAMA, NLN

MIDLANDS TECHNICAL COLLEGE

PO Box 2408
Columbia, SC 29202-2408
Tel: (803)738-1400
Admissions: (803)738-8324
Fax: (803)738-7784
E-mail: littlejohns@midlandstech.edu
Web Site: http://www.midlandstech.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Barry W. Russell
Registrar: Carolyn Gatlin
Admissions: Sylvia Littlejohn
Financial Aid: Margaret Hunt
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education % Accepted: 69 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Area resident tuition: $2904 full-time, $121 per credit part-time. State resident tuition: $3676 full-time, $157 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8612 full-time, $363 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $100 full-time, $50 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to class time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 4,743, PT 6,036 Faculty: FT 223, PT 408 Student-Faculty Ratio: 21:1 Exams: Other, SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 89,618 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ADA, AHIMA, APTA, ACBSP, CARC, JRCERT, NAACLS, NLN

MILLER-MOTTE TECHNICAL COLLEGE

8085 Rivers Ave., Ste. E
Charleston, SC 29418
Tel: (843)574-0101; 877-617-4740
Fax: (843)266-3434
E-mail: juliasc@miller-mott.net
Web Site: http://www.miller-motte.com/
President/CEO: Julie Corner
Admissions: Julie Corner
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Calendar System: Quarter Professional Accreditation: ACICS

MORRIS COLLEGE

100 West College St.
Sumter, SC 29150-3599
Tel: (803)934-3200; (866)853-1345
Admissions: (803)934-3225
Fax: (803)773-3687
E-mail: dcalhoun@morris.edu
Web Site: http://www.morris.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Luns C. Richardson
Registrar: Deborah C. Calhoun
Admissions: Deborah Calhoun
Financial Aid: Sandra Gibson
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Baptist Educational and Missionary Convention of South Carolina Scores: 27% SAT V 400+; 33% SAT M 400+; 12% ACT 18-23; 1% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 85 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Comprehensive fee: $12,234 includes full-time tuition ($8163), mandatory fees ($235), and college room and board ($3836). Part-time tuition: $330 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $45 per term. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to class time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 844, PT 19 Faculty: FT 47, PT 12 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 96 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 72 Library Holdings: 102,206 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

NEWBERRY COLLEGE

2100 College St.
Newberry, SC 29108-2197
Tel: (803)276-5010
Free: 800-845-4955
Admissions: (803)321-5129
E-mail: admissions@newberry.edu
Web Site: http://www.newberry.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Mitchell M. Zais
Registrar: Carol Bickley
Admissions: Michel Robbins
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Evangelical Lutheran Scores: 93.62% SAT V 400+; 93.25% SAT M 400+; 25.31% ACT 18-23; 3.7% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 59 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted. For nontraditional students: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $26,511 includes full-time tuition ($18,900), mandatory fees ($731), and college room and board ($6880). College room only: $3230. Part-time tuition: $350 per hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $50 per term. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 841 Faculty: FT 50 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 84 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 87 Library Holdings: 79,899 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 126 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

NORTH GREENVILLE COLLEGE

PO Box 1892
Tigerville, SC 29688-1892
Tel: (864)977-7000
Free: 800-468-6642
Admissions: (864)977-7052
Fax: (864)977-7177
E-mail: ngccwf@infoave.net
Web Site: http://www.ngc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. James B. Epting
Registrar: Pamela Farmer
Admissions: Buddy Freeman
Financial Aid: Michael Jordan
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Southern Baptist Scores: 91% SAT V 400+; 90% SAT M 400+; 57% ACT 18-23; 15% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $16,300 includes full-time tuition ($10,350) and college room and board ($5950). Part-time tuition: $200 per hour. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,559, PT 207 Faculty: FT 73, PT 59 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Exams: Other, SAT I or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 66 Library Holdings: 49,000 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates; 128 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

NORTHEASTERN TECHNICAL COLLEGE

PO Drawer 1007
Cheraw, SC 29520-1007
Tel: (843)921-6900
Admissions: (843)921-6935
Fax: (843)537-6148
E-mail: mnewton@netc.edu
Web Site: http://www.netc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. James C. Williamson
Registrar: Catherine L. Sellers
Admissions: Mary K. Newton
Financial Aid: Sheryll N. Marshall
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $12.50 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $12.50. Area resident tuition: $2496 full-time, $104 per semester hour part-time. State resident tuition: $2688 full-time, $112 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $4080 full-time, $170 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $30 full-time, $4 per semester hour part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 28, PT 75 Student-Faculty Ratio: 25:1 Exams: SAT I Library Holdings: 20,502 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates

ORANGEBURG-CALHOUN TECHNICAL COLLEGE

3250 St Matthews Rd., NE
Orangeburg, SC 29118-8299
Tel: (803)536-0311
Admissions: (803)535-1218
Fax: (803)535-1388
Web Site: http://www.octech.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Anne S. Crook
Registrar: Phyllis Stoudenmire
Admissions: Bobbie Felder
Financial Aid: Chris Dooley
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education, South Carolina Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,380, PT 1,111 Faculty: FT 78, PT 51 Exams: Other, SAT I and SAT II or ACT Library Holdings: 43,500 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ACBSP, JRCERT, NAACLS, NLN

PIEDMONT TECHNICAL COLLEGE

620 North Emerald Rd.
PO Box 1467
Greenwood, SC 29648-1467
Tel: (864)941-8324
Admissions: (864)941-8603
Fax: (864)941-8555
Web Site: http://www.ptc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Lex D. Walters
Registrar: Katherine B. Moseley
Admissions: Steve Coleman
Financial Aid: Deborah Williams
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 103, PT 130 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Exams: Other, SAT I Library Holdings: 27,497 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ABFSE, ACBSP, CARC, JRCERT, NLN

PRESBYTERIAN COLLEGE

503 South Broad St.
Clinton, SC 29325
Tel: (864)833-2820
Free: 800-476-7272
Admissions: (864)833-8229
Fax: (864)833-8481
E-mail: lpatters@presby.edu
Web Site: http://www.presby.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. John V. Griffith
Registrar: Ethel W. Aldridge
Admissions: Leni Patterson
Financial Aid: Judi F. Gillespie
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 45% ACT 18-23; 46% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 76 Admission Plans: Early Decision Plan; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: April 01 Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $30,044 includes full-time tuition ($21,222), mandatory fees ($2022), and college room and board ($6800). College room only: $3340. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $885 per semester hour. Part-time tuition varies according to program. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,138, PT 58 Faculty: FT 81, PT 29 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 62 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 94 Library Holdings: 155,830 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 122 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: ACBSP, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Lacrosse M & W; Riflery M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

SOUTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY

300 College St. Northeast
Orangeburg, SC 29117-0001
Tel: (803)536-7000
Free: 800-260-5956
Admissions: (803)536-8408
Fax: (803)536-8990
Web Site: http://www.scsu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Andrew Hugine, Jr.
Registrar: Annie R. Belton
Admissions: Dwight Bailey
Financial Aid: Sandra Davis
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina Commission on Higher Education Scores: 64% SAT V 400+; 67% SAT M 400+; 24% ACT 18-23; 2% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. State resident tuition: $6480 full-time, $270 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $13,288 full-time, $554 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $185 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, degree level, reciprocity agreements, and student level. Part-time tuition varies according to course load, degree level, reciprocity agreements, and student level. College room and board: $6028. College room only: $3642. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,345, PT 359, Grad 590 Faculty: FT 211, PT 56 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT, SAT II % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 57 Library Holdings: 273,264 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, AAFCS, ASLHA, CORE, CSWE, NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

SOUTH UNIVERSITY

3810 Main St.
Columbia, SC 29203-6400
Tel: (803)799-9082; (866)629-3031
Fax: (803)799-9038
Web Site: http://www.southuniversity.edu/
President/CEO: Anne F. Patton
Registrar: Brad Kauffman
Admissions: Trisha Sherwood
Financial Aid: Walt Haversat
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: South University-Savannah Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400 + % Accepted: 69 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $11,475 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 289, PT 137, Grad 65 Faculty: FT 18, PT 22 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I and SAT II or ACT Library Holdings: 10,765 Credit Hours For Degree: 92 quarter hours, Associates; 180 quarter hours, Bachelors

SOUTHERN METHODIST COLLEGE

541 Broughton Stret, PO Box 1027
Orangeburg, SC 29116-1027
Tel: (803)534-7826
Free: 800-360-1503
Web Site: http://www.smcollege.edu/
President/CEO: Daniel H. Shapley
Registrar: Glenn Blank
Admissions: Dr. Richard G. Blank
Financial Aid: Terry H. Lynch
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Action; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $9400 includes full-time tuition ($4600), mandatory fees ($600), and college room and board ($4200). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time and course load. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $192 per semester hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $25 per semester hour. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to class time and course load. Scholarships: Available Enrollment: FT 61, PT 16 Faculty: FT 6, PT 18 Student-Faculty Ratio: 5:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 89 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 19 Library Holdings: 21,743 Credit Hours For Degree: 63 credits, Associates; 124 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: TACCS

SOUTHERN WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY

907 Wesleyan Dr., PO Box 1020
Central, SC 29630-1020
Tel: (864)644-5000
Free: 800-289-1292
Admissions: (864)644-5550
Fax: (864)644-5900
Web Site: http://www.swu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. David J. Spittal
Registrar: Rock McCaskill
Admissions: Chad Peters
Financial Aid: Jeff Dennis
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Wesleyan Church Scores: 93% SAT V 400+; 93% SAT M 400+; 47% ACT 18-23; 24% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 66 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 11 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $20,900 includes full-time tuition ($15,000), mandatory fees ($450), and college room and board ($5450). College room only: $2050. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, degree level, and program. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $460 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $225 per term. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and degree level. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,909, PT 86, Grad 637 Faculty: FT 50, PT 178 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 42 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 16 Library Holdings: 88,983 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 hours, Associates; 128 hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Volleyball W

SPARTANBURG METHODIST COLLEGE

1200 Textile Rd.
Spartanburg, SC 29301-0009
Tel: (864)587-4000
Free: 800-772-7286
Admissions: (864)587-4223
Fax: (864)587-4355
Web Site: http://www.smcsc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Charles Teague
Registrar: Jill Johnson
Admissions: Daniel L. Philbeck
Financial Aid: Carolyn Sparks
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Methodist Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 34% ACT 18-23; 3% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 84 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. Comprehensive fee: $15,476 includes full-time tuition ($9816), mandatory fees ($150), and college room and board ($5510). College room only: $2784. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $260 per credit. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 716, PT 63 Faculty: FT 23, PT 23 Student-Faculty Ratio: 23:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 75 Library Holdings: 75,000 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates ROTC: Army Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

SPARTANBURG TECHNICAL COLLEGE

PO Box 4386
Spartanburg, SC 29305-4386
Tel: (864)591-3600
Admissions: (864)592-4800
Web Site: http://www.stcsc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Dan Terhune
Registrar: Celcia B. Bauss
Admissions: Nancy T. Garmroth
Financial Aid: Nancy Garmroth
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted. For industrial technology programs: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $3094 full-time, $127 per hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3860 full-time, $159 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $5490 full-time, $228 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $20 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,435, PT 1,974 Faculty: FT 100 Library Holdings: 36,173 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ADA, ACBSP, CARC, JRCERT, NAACLS

TECHNICAL COLLEGE OF THE LOWCOUNTRY

921 Ribaut Rd., PO Box 1288
Beaufort, SC 29901-1288
Tel: (843)525-8324
Admissions: (843)525-8307
E-mail: lbrediger@tcl.edu
Web Site: http://www.tclonline.org/
President/CEO: Dr. Anne S. McNutt
Registrar: Melanie Gallion
Admissions: Les Brediger
Financial Aid: Cleo Martin
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina Technical and Comprehensive Education System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 41, PT 28 Exams: Other, SAT I and SAT II or ACT Library Holdings: 25,226 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACBSP, NLN

TRI-COUNTY TECHNICAL COLLEGE

PO Box 587, 7900 Hwy. 76
Pendleton, SC 29670-0587
Tel: (864)646-8361
Admissions: (864)646-1500
E-mail: admstaff@tricty.tricounty.tec.sc.us
Web Site: http://www.tctc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Don C. Garrison
Registrar: Scott Harvey
Admissions: Rachel Campbell
Financial Aid: Stewart Spires
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted. For welding, industrial mechanics programs: High school diploma or equivalent not required Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 220, PT 180 Student-Faculty Ratio: 25:1 Exams: Other, SAT I Library Holdings: 34,513 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: ABET, ADA, ACBSP, NAACLS, NLN

TRIDENT TECHNICAL COLLEGE

PO Box 118067
Charleston, SC 29423-8067
Tel: (843)574-6111
Admissions: (843)574-6483
Fax: (843)574-6109
Web Site: http://www.tridenttech.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Mary Thornley
Registrar: Pamela Droste
Admissions: Clara Martin
Financial Aid: Cindy Seabrook
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Deadline: August 04 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Area resident tuition: $2950 full-time, $120 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3276 full-time, $134 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $5586 full-time, $230 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $50 full-time, $5 per credit hour part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 5,270, PT 6,525 Faculty: FT 262, PT 375 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Library Holdings: 68,462 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ACF, ADA, AOTA, APTA, ACBSP, CARC, JRCERT, NAACLS, NLN

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA

Columbia, SC 29208
Tel: (803)777-7000
Admissions: (803)777-7700
E-mail: admissions-ugrad@scarolina.edu
Web Site: http://www.sc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Andrew A. Sorensen
Registrar: Barbara Blaney
Admissions: Scott Verzyl
Financial Aid: Dr. Ed Miller
Type: University Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of South Carolina System Scores: 99.54% SAT V 400+; 99.77% SAT M 400+; 36.34% ACT 18-23; 50% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 68 Application Deadline: December 01 Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. State resident tuition: $6914 full-time, $324 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $18,556 full-time, $844 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition varies according to program. College room and board: $6080. Room and board charges vary according to board plan, housing facility, and location. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 16,399, PT 1,963, Grad 7,263 Faculty: FT 1,190, PT 377 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 49 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 46 Library Holdings: 3,374,496 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates; 120 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ACEHSA, ACEJMC, AACN, AANA, ABA, ACPhE, ACA, ALA, APTA, APA, ASLHA, AALS, CEPH, CORE, CSWE, JRCEPAT, LCMEAMA, NASAD NASM, NASPAA, NAST, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running W; Equestrian Sports W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AIKEN

471 University Parkway
Aiken, SC 29801-6309
Tel: (803)648-6851; 888-WOW-USCA
Fax: (803)641-3727
E-mail: admit@aiken.sc.edu
Web Site: http://www.usca.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Thomas L. Hallman
Registrar: Vivan Grice
Admissions: Andrew Hendrix
Financial Aid: Glenn Shumpert
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of South Carolina System Scores: 91% SAT V 400+; 96% SAT M 400+; 73% ACT 18-23; 15% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 48 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. State resident tuition: $5928 full-time, $258 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $12,070 full-time, $520 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $230 full-time, $8 per semester hour part-time, $7 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $5560. College room only: $3800. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,270, PT 880, Grad 153 Faculty: FT 147, PT 99 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 22 Library Holdings: 165,459 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACSB, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running W; Golf M; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA BEAUFORT

801 Carteret St.
Beaufort, SC 29902-4601
Tel: (843)521-4100
Web Site: http://www.sc.edu/beaufort/
President/CEO: Dr. Jane T. Upshaw
Registrar: Mary-David Fox
Financial Aid: Sally Maybin
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of South Carolina System Scores: 87% SAT V 400+; 82% SAT M 400+; 53% ACT 18-23; 42% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 87 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $4954 full-time, $207 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $11,870 full-time, $495 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $330 full-time, $10 per credit hour part-time. College room only: $6900. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 676, PT 643 Faculty: FT 42, PT 43 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 50,000 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates; 120 semester hours, Bachelors

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA LANCASTER

PO Box 889
Lancaster, SC 29721-0889
Tel: (803)313-7471
Admissions: (803)313-7000
Fax: (803)313-7106
E-mail: bparker@gwm.sc.edu
Web Site: http://usclancaster.sc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. John Catalano
Admissions: Rebecca D. Parker
Financial Aid: Leah Sturgis
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of South Carolina System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 459, PT 484 Faculty: FT 23, PT 24 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 68,192 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACBSP, NLN

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA SALKEHATCHIE

PO Box 617
Allendale, SC 29810-0617
Tel: (803)584-3446
Web Site: http://uscsalkehatchie.sc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Ann Carmichael
Registrar: Jane T. Brewer
Admissions: Jane T. Brewer
Financial Aid: Julie Hadwin
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of South Carolina System Scores: 7% SAT V 400+; 6%SATM400 + Admission Plans: Open Admission H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 283, PT 494 Faculty: FT 18, PT 20 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 47,877 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates ROTC: Army, Navy, Air Force Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Golf M

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA SUMTER

200 Miller Rd.
Sumter, SC 29150-2498
Tel: (803)775-8727
Admissions: (803)938-3882
E-mail: kbritton@uscsumter.edu
Web Site: http://www.uscsumter.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. C. Leslie Carpenter
Registrar: Flora Y. Gadson
Admissions: Keith Britton
Financial Aid: Sue Sims
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of South Carolina System Scores: 85.2% SAT V 400+; 85.2% SAT M 400+; 57.4% ACT 18-23; 3.7% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 62 Application Deadline: August 08 Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $4064 full-time, $169 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $10,124 full-time, $422 per semester hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $260 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to degree level. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 580, PT 440 Faculty: FT 40, PT 35 Student-Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 81,114 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates ROTC: Army, Air Force

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA UNION

PO Drawer 729
Union, SC 29379-0729
Tel: (864)427-3681
Admissions: (864)429-8728
Web Site: http://uscunion.sc.edu/
President/CEO: James W. Edwards
Registrar: Terry Young
Admissions: Terry E. Young
Financial Aid: Robert Holcombe
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of South Carolina System Scores: 75% SAT V 400+; 80% SAT M 400 + % Accepted: 89 Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $4064 full-time, $169 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $10,124 full-time, $422 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $100 full-time, $10 per hour part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester Enrollment: FT 161, PT 160 Faculty: FT 12, PT 13 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA UPSTATE

800 University Way
Spartanburg, SC 29303-4999
Tel: (864)503-5000
Free: 800-277-8727
Admissions: (864)503-5280
Fax: (864)503-5201
E-mail: dstewart@uscupstate.edu
Web Site: http://www.uscupstate.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. John C. Stockwell
Registrar: Kathryn Murphy
Admissions: Donette Stewart
Financial Aid: Kim Jenerette
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of South Carolina System Scores: 94% SAT V 400+; 94% SAT M 400+; 71% ACT 18-23; 10% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 33 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $6436 full-time, $282 per hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $13,274 full-time, $583 per hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $326 full-time, $11 per hour part-time, $25 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. College room and board: $5160. College room only: $3200. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 3,564, PT 845, Grad 75 Faculty: FT 207, PT 149 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 64 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 15 Library Holdings: 188,572 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 71 semester hours, Associates; 120 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

VOORHEES COLLEGE

1411 Voorhees Rd., PO Box 678
Denmark, SC 29042
Tel: (803)793-3351
Free: 800-446-6250
Admissions: (803)703-7124
Fax: (803)793-5773
Web Site: http://www.voorhees.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Lee E. Monroe, Jr.
Registrar: Carolyn V. White
Admissions: Benjamin O. Watson
Financial Aid: Carolyn V. White
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Episcopal Scores: 56% SAT V 400+; 57% SAT M 400 + Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $11,848 includes full-time tuition ($7106), mandatory fees ($170), and college room and board ($4572). College room only: $1904. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $242 per semester hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $170 per term. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 807, PT 40 Faculty: FT 37, PT 27 Student-Faculty Ratio: 20:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 91 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 85 Library Holdings: 107,260 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: ACBSP Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Softball W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

WILLIAMSBURG TECHNICAL COLLEGE

601 Martin Luther King, Jr Ave.
Kingstree, SC 29556-4197
Tel: (843)355-4110
Free: 800-768-2021
Fax: (843)355-4296
Web Site: http://www.wiltech.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. James C. Williamson
Registrar: Lynn Selph
Admissions: Sharon B. Hanna
Financial Aid: Joe DuRant
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 269, PT 326 Faculty: FT 14, PT 34 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: Other, SAT I or ACT Library Holdings: 25,456 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACBSP

WINTHROP UNIVERSITY

701 Oakland Ave.
Rock Hill, SC 29733
Tel: (803)323-2211
Free: 800-763-0230
Admissions: (803)323-2191
Fax: (803)323-2137
E-mail: admissions@winthrop.edu
Web Site: http://www.winthrop.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Anthony DiGiorgio
Registrar: Timothy Drueke
Admissions: Deborah Barber
Financial Aid: Betty Whalen
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina Commission on Higher Education Scores: 98.45% SAT V 400+; 98.83% SAT M 400+; 62.4% ACT 18-23; 31.82% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 69 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: May 01 Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $8756 full-time, $364 per semester hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $16,150 full-time, $673 per semester hour part-time. Full-time tuition varies according to degree level. Part-time tuition varies according to degree level. College room and board: $5352. College room only: $3420. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 4,587, PT 600, Grad 1,293 Faculty: FT 270, PT 272 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 59 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 43 Library Holdings: 414,879 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ACEJMC, ACA, ADtA, CSWE, FIDER, NASAD, NASD, NASM, NAST, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Fencing M & W; Golf M & W; Lacrosse M & W; Rugby M; Soccer M; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

WOFFORD COLLEGE

429 North Church St.
Spartanburg, SC 29303-3663
Tel: (864)597-4000
Admissions: (864)597-4130
Fax: (864)597-4149
E-mail: admissions@wofford.edu
Web Site: http://www.wofford.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Benjamin B. Dunlap
Registrar: Lucy B. Quinn
Admissions: Brand Stille
Financial Aid: Donna D. Hawkins
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: United Methodist Church Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 36% ACT 18-23; 54% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 66 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Early Decision Plan; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: February 01 Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. Comprehensive fee: $30,935 includes full-time tuition ($24,130) and college room and board ($6805). Part-time tuition: $875 per hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: 4-1-4, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,158, PT 15 Faculty: FT 89, PT 33 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 52 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 88 Library Holdings: 245,730 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 124 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Fencing M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Riflery M & W; Soccer M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

YORK TECHNICAL COLLEGE

452 South Anderson Rd.
Rock Hill, SC 29730-3395
Tel: (803)327-8000
Admissions: (803)981-7021
Fax: (803)327-8059
E-mail: kaldridge@yorktech.com
Web Site: http://www.yorktech.com/
President/CEO: Dr. Dennis F. Merrell
Registrar: Kelli D. Collins
Admissions: Kenny Aldridge
Financial Aid: Regina Venson
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Carolina State Board for Technical and Comprehensive Education Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For health and human services program applicants: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Area resident tuition: $2900 full-time, $121 per credit hour part-time. State resident tuition: $3264 full-time, $136 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $6528 full-time, $272 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $136 full-time, $4 per credit hour part-time, $68 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,039, PT 2,114 Faculty: FT 115, PT 123 Exams: Other Library Holdings: 26,947 Regional Accreditation: Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 semester hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: ABET, ADA, ACBSP, JRCERT, NAACLS, NLN

South Carolina

AIKEN TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Engineering Technology, A

Human Services, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Interdisciplinary Studies, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/Technician, A

ALLEN UNIVERSITY

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Social Sciences, B

ANDERSON UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Ceramic Arts and Ceramics, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Creative Writing, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

CytoTechnology/Cytotechnologist, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Drawing, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Finance, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Human Services, B

Interior Design, B

Journalism, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Psychology, B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

BENEDICT COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Child Development, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Science, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Health, B

Finance, B

History, B

Journalism, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Philosophy, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

BOB JONES UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Actuarial Science, B

Apparel and Textiles, B

Applied Horticulture/Horticultural Operations, A

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Aviation/Airway Management and Operations, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biophysics, B

Broadcast Journalism, B

Building/Construction Site Management/Manager, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Carpentry/Carpenter, A

Chemistry, B

Child Care and Support Services Management, AB

Cinematography and Film/Video Production, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Communication Disorders, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Engineering, B

Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology, B

Corrections and Criminal Justice, B

Cosmetology/Cosmetologist, A

Counseling Psychology, B

Creative Writing, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities, B

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

Engineering Science, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Family and Consumer Economics and Related Services, B

Finance, B

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

French Language and Literature, B

General Office Occupations and Clerical Services, A

German Language and Literature, B

Health and Physical Education, B

Health/Medical Preparatory Programs, B

History, B

Hospitality Administration/Management, AB

Housing and Human Environments, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, AB

International Relations and Affairs, B

Journalism, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Landscaping and Groundskeeping, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians, AB

Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology, AB

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Office Management and Supervision, B

Operations Management and Supervision, B

Operations Research, B

Physics, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Radio and Television, B

Religious Education, B

Restaurant, Culinary, and Catering Management/Manager, A

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Technical and Business Writing, B

Theological and Ministerial Studies, AB

CENTRAL CAROLINA TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Care and Support Services Management, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians, A

Industrial Electronics Technology/Technician, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD, A

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, A

Natural Resources Management/Development and Policy, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Sales, Distribution and Marketing Operations, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

CHARLESTON SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

American History (United States), B

Applied Mathematics, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biochemistry, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, BM

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Computer Programming/Programmer, AB

Computer Science, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, B

Criminology, M

Dramatic/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Economics, B

Education, BM

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Educational Leadership and Administration, B

Elementary and Middle School Administration/Principalship, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering, B

Engineering Technology, B

English Education, M

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Environmental Studies, B

European History, B

Finance, B

Finance and Banking, M

Health Services Administration, M

Health/Medical Preparatory Programs, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management Information Systems and Services, BM

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Music Therapy/Therapist, B

Natural Resources Management/Development and Policy, B

Natural Sciences, AB

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Organizational Management, M

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physical Sciences, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Engineering, A

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, BM

Science Technologies/Technicians, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Secondary School Administration/Principalship, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, BM

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

Voice and Opera, B

Youth Ministry, B

THE CITADEL, THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Chemistry, B

Civil Engineering, B

Computer Science, BM

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Education, MO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MO

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

English, M

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

French Language and Literature, B

German Language and Literature, B

Health Education, M

History, BM

History Teacher Education, B

Information Science/Studies, M

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, BM

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, BM

Reading Teacher Education, M

School Psychology, MO

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, BM

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Studies Teacher Education, BM

Spanish Language and Literature, B

CLAFLIN UNIVERSITY

African-American/Black Studies, B

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biochemistry, B

Bioinformatics, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, B

Chemistry, B

Computer Science, B

Computer Software Engineering, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Sciences, B

Health and Physical Education, B

History, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Organizational Behavior Studies, B

Philosophy and Religious Studies, B

Sociology, B

CLEMSON UNIVERSITY

Accounting, BM

Agricultural Business and Management, B

Agricultural Economics, BM

Agricultural Education, M

Agricultural Mechanization, B

Agricultural Sciences, MD

Agricultural Teacher Education, B

Agricultural/Biological Engineering and Bioengineering, B

Animal Sciences, BMD

Applied Economics, MD

Applied Mathematics, MD

Aquaculture, MD

Architecture, BM

Astronomy, MD

Astrophysics, MD

Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, MD

Biochemistry, BMD

Bioengineering, MD

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biomedical/Medical Engineering, B

Biophysics, MD

Biosystems Engineering, MD

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services, B

Ceramic Sciences and Engineering, B

Chemical Engineering, BMD

Chemistry, BMD

Civil Engineering, BMD

Communication and Media Studies, MD

Communication, Journalism and Related Programs, B

Community College Education, M

Computational Sciences, MD

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Art and Design, M

Computer Engineering, BMD

Computer Programming/Programmer, B

Computer Science, BMD

Construction Engineering and Management, M

Construction Management, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, BM

Curriculum and Instruction, D

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Economics, BMD

Education, MDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MO

Educational Leadership and Administration, D

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Electronic Commerce, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

Engineering Mechanics, B

Engineering/Industrial Management, B

English, M

English Education, M

English Language and Literature, B

Entomology, MD

Environmental and Occupational Health, D

Environmental Design/Architecture, D

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, MD

Environmental Sciences, MD

Environmental Studies, MD

Ergonomics and Human Factors, D

Finance, B

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Fish, Game and Wildlife Management, MD

Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and Management, B

Food Science, B

Food Science and Technology, MD

Forest Management/Forest Resources Management, B

Forestry, MD

Genetics, BMD

Geology/Earth Science, BM

Graphic Communications, B

Health Physics/Radiological Health, D

Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, B

Health Services Administration, M

Historic Preservation and Conservation, M

History, BM

Horticultural Science, B

Human Development, M

Human Resources Development, BM

Hydrology and Water Resources Science, M

Industrial and Manufacturing Management, MD

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, D

Industrial Design, B

Industrial Education, M

Industrial Engineering, B

Industrial/Management Engineering, MD

Information Science/Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

International Public Health/International Health, B

Landscape Architecture, BM

Management, MD

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Management Strategy and Policy, D

Manufacturing Engineering, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Materials Engineering, BMD

Materials Sciences, MD

Mathematics, BMD

Mathematics Teacher Education, BM

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Microbiology, BMD

Middle School Education, M

Modern Languages, B

Molecular Biology, MD

Natural Resources and Conservation, B

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nutritional Sciences, M

Operations Research, MD

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Philosophy, B

Physics, BMD

Plant Biology, MD

Plant Sciences, MD

Political Science and Government, B

Polymer Chemistry, B

Polymer/Plastics Engineering, MD

Psychology, BM

Public Administration, M

Public Health (MPH, DPH), B

Public Policy Analysis, DO

Reading Teacher Education, M

Real Estate, M

Recreation and Park Management, MD

Rhetoric, D

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, BM

Science Technologies/Technicians, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Social Studies Teacher Education, M

Sociology, BM

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Statistics, MD

Textile Sciences and Engineering, BMD

Travel and Tourism, MD

Turf and Turfgrass Management, B

Urban and Regional Planning, MD

Veterinary Sciences, MD

Visual and Performing Arts, B

Vocational and Technical Education, MD

Wildlife Biology, B

Writing, M

Zoology/Animal Biology, MD

COASTAL CAROLINA UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Applied Mathematics, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Dramatic/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, BM

Economics, B

Education, M

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Language and Literature, B

Finance, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

History, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography, B

Marine Sciences, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Music, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Public Health Education and Promotion, B

Resort Management, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

COKER COLLEGE

Acting, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Computer Science, B

Corrections, B

Counseling Psychology, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Criminology, B

Dance, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Dramatic/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

Graphic Design, B

Health and Physical Education, B

Health and Physical Education/Fitness, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Photography, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Technical Theatre/Theatre Design and Technology, B

Therapeutic Recreation/Recreational Therapy, B

Voice and Opera, B

COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON

Accounting, BM

Anthropology, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Arts Management, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biochemistry, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Chemistry, B

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Science, M

Corporate and Organizational Communication, O

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, BM

Economics, B

Education, MO

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English, M

English as a Second Language, O

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Sciences, M

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Foreign Language Teacher Education, M

French Language and Literature, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

German Language and Literature, B

Historic Preservation and Conservation, B

History, BM

Hospitality Administration/Management, B

Information Science/Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Latin American Studies, B

Legal and Justice Studies, MO

Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography, BM

Mathematics, BMO

Mathematics Teacher Education, M

Music, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Psychology, B

Public Administration, M

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, M

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Urban Studies/Affairs, B

COLUMBIA COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Applied Art, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Communication, Journalism and Related Programs, B

Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, B

Conflict Resolution and Mediation/Peace Studies, MO

Dance, B

Drama and Dance Teacher Education, B

Education, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Language and Literature, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

History, B

Human Development and Family Studies, B

Journalism, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Mathematics, B

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Organizational Behavior Studies, O

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Public Administration and Social Service Professions, B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious Education, B

Social Sciences, B

Social Work, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Voice and Opera, B

COLUMBIA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, AB

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Cultural Studies, MPO

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Education, MDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MD

Elementary Education and Teaching, M

English as a Second Language, MO

General Studies, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Intercultural/Multicultural and Diversity Studies, B

Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology, MDPO

Multilingual and Multicultural Education, M

Near and Middle Eastern Studies, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, BMD

PO Pre-Theology/Pre-Ministerial Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religious Education, BMPO

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

Theology and Religious Vocations, MDPO

Youth Ministry, B

CONVERSE COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Applied Art, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art Therapy/Therapist, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biochemistry, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Computer Science, B

Curriculum and Instruction, O

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Economics, B

Education, BMO

Education/Teaching of the Gifted and Talented, M

Educational Administration and Supervision, O

Educational Leadership and Administration, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English, M

English Education, M

English Language and Literature, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

History, BM

Interior Design, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Studies, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Marriage and Family Therapy/Counseling, O

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, M

Modern Languages, B

Music, BM

Music History, Literature, and Theory, B

Music Teacher Education, BM

Music Therapy/Therapist, B

Performance, M

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, BM

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, M

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Violin, Viola, Guitar and Other Stringed Instruments, B

Voice and Opera, B

DENMARK TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Engineering Technology, A

Human Services, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

ERSKINE COLLEGE

American/United States Studies/Civilization, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Behavioral Sciences, B

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

French Language and Literature, B

History, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Natural Sciences, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious Education, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

FLORENCE-DARLINGTON TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Chemical Engineering, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Engineering Technology, A

Funeral Service and Mortuary Science, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Human Services, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, A

Physical Therapy/Therapist, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Trade and Industrial Teacher Education, A

FORREST JUNIOR COLLEGE

Business Administration and Management, A

FRANCIS MARION UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Chemistry, B

Clinical Psychology, M

Community Psychology, M

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, BM

Economics, B

Education, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Language and Literature, B

Finance, B

Foreign Languages and Literatures, B

French Language and Literature, B

Geography, B

Health Services Administration, M

History, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Psychology, BM

School Psychology, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, M

FURMAN UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Asian Studies/Civilization, B

Biochemistry, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, BM

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer Science, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Economics, B

Education, BM

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Studies, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

French Language and Literature, B

Geology/Earth Science, B

German Language and Literature, B

History, B

Information Technology, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Latin Language and Literature, B

Mathematics, B

Modern Greek Language and Literature, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Neuroscience, B

Philosophy, B

Physics, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Urban Studies/Affairs, B

Voice and Opera, B

GREENVILLE TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Airframe Mechanics and Aircraft Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Avionics Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Emergency Medical Technology/Technician (EMT Paramedic), A

Fire Science/Firefighting, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Hospitality Administration/Management, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Materials Sciences, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Physical Therapy/Therapist, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Public Health (MPH, DPH), A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Special Products Marketing Operations, A

HORRY-GEORGETOWN TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Agriculture, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Programming, Specific Applications, A

Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Forestry Technology/Technician, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, A

Landscaping and Groundskeeping, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, A

Pre-Engineering, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

Word Processing, A

ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

Animation, Interactive Technology, Video Graphics and Special Effects, B

CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/Technician, A

Computer and Information Systems Security, B

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

E-Commerce/Electronic Commerce, B

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

System, Networking, and LAN/WAN

Management/Manager, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

LANDER UNIVERSITY

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Education, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Sciences, B

History, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

LIMESTONE COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business/Commerce, AB

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Computer Programming/Programmer, AB

Computer Science, AB

Corrections, B

Corrections and Criminal Justice, B

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Graphic Design, B

Health and Physical Education/Fitness, B

History, B

Human Resources Development, B

Information Science/Studies, AB

Jazz/Jazz Studies, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, AB

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Marriage and Family Therapy/Counseling, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Nursing Studies, B

Pre-Pharmacy Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Social Work, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, AB

MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA

Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services, MDO

Allopathic Medicine, PO

Anatomy, D

Biochemistry, DO

Bioengineering, MD

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MDO

Biometry/Biometrics, MDO

Biostatistics, MD

Cell Biology and Anatomy, DO

Clinical Research, M

Communication Disorders, M

Dentistry, PO

Epidemiology, MDO

Gerontological Nursing, MO

Health Services Administration, BMDO

Immunology, MDO

Maternal/Child Health and Neonatal Nurse/Nursing, MO

Maternity Nursing, MO

Medical Technology, M

Microbiology, MDO

Molecular Biology, DO

Molecular Pharmacology, DO

Neuroscience, MDO

Nurse Anesthetist, M

Nurse Midwife/Nursing Midwifery, M

Nursing, MDO

Nursing - Adult, MO

Nursing - Advanced Practice, MO

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nursing Administration, MO

Nursing Education, M

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, M

Pathobiology, DO

Pathology/Experimental Pathology, MDO

Perfusion Technology/Perfusionist, B

Periodontics, M

Pharmaceutical Sciences, D

Pharmacy, P

Physical Therapy/Therapist, D

Physician Assistant, M

Physiology, MDO

Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse/Nursing, MO

Rehabilitation Sciences, MD

MIDLANDS TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business/Commerce, A

Cartography, A

Chemical Technology/Technician, A

Child Care Provider/Assistant, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, A

Computer Installation and Repair Technology/Technician, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Court Reporting/Court Reporter, A

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Dental Assisting/Assistant, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Engineering Technology, A

Fashion Merchandising, A

Gerontology, A

Graphic and Printing Equipment Operator Production, A

Health Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician, A

Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Electronics Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, A

Nuclear Medical Technology/Technologist, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapist Assistant, A

Pharmacy Technician/Assistant, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

Precision Production, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Sales, Distribution and Marketing Operations, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

Youth Services/Administration, A

MORRIS COLLEGE

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, B

Community Health Services/Liaison/Counseling, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

History, B

Journalism, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Political Science and Government, B

Religious Education, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Sociology, B

Theology/Theological Studies, B

NEWBERRY COLLEGE

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Computer Science, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

French Language and Literature, B

German Language and Literature, B

History, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, B

Voice and Opera, B

NORTH GREENVILLE COLLEGE

Accounting and Business/Management, B

Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Bible/Biblical Studies, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Journalism, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Music, B

Music History, Literature, and Theory, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, B

Piano and Organ, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious Education, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Theatre/Theatre Arts Management, B

Theology/Theological Studies, B

Voice and Opera, B

NORTHEASTERN TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

ORANGEBURG-CALHOUN TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business/Commerce, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Computer Programming, A

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Instrumentation Technology/Technician, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

PIEDMONT TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Building/Construction Finishing, Management, and Inspection, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business/Commerce, A

Carpentry/Carpenter, A

Child Development, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Engineering, A

Engineering Technology, A

Funeral Service and Mortuary Science, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Human Services, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Office Management and Supervision, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Social Work, A

PRESBYTERIAN COLLEGE

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Computer Science, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, B

English Language and Literature, B

French Language and Literature, B

German Language and Literature, B

History, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Mathematics, B

Modern Languages, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

SOUTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, B

Agribusiness, M

Agricultural Business and Management, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Child and Family Studies, M

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Communication Disorders, M

Computer Science, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, MDO

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Economics, B

Education, BMDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MDO

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Language and Literature, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, BM

Fashion Merchandising, B

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

French Language and Literature, B

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

Industrial Technology/Technician, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, M

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, B

Music Management and Merchandising, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nuclear Engineering, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nutritional Sciences, M

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Rehabilitation Counseling, M

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Technology Education/Industrial Arts, B

Trade and Industrial Teacher Education, B

SOUTH UNIVERSITY

Accounting, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

Information Technology, AB

Law and Legal Studies, B

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

SOUTHERN METHODIST COLLEGE

Bible/Biblical Studies, AB

Missions/Missionary Studies and Missiology, AB

SOUTHERN WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business/Commerce, AB

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Divinity/Ministry (BD, MDiv.), B

Education, BM

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Emotional Disturbances, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Mental Retardation, B

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Specific Learning Disabilities, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Health and Physical Education, B

History, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Management, M

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, M

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Religious/Sacred Music, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Social Sciences, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Theology/Theological Studies, B

SPARTANBURG METHODIST COLLEGE

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Information Technology, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

SPARTANBURG TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Engineering Technology, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Horticultural Science, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Robotics Technology/Technician, A

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation, A

Trade and Industrial Teacher Education, A

TECHNICAL COLLEGE OF THE LOWCOUNTRY

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Carpentry/Carpenter, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Typography and Composition Equipment Operator, A

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Environmental Studies, A

Fashion Merchandising, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Horticultural Science, A

Human Services, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

TRI-COUNTY TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Apparel and Textiles, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Public Health (MPH, DPH), A

Quality Control Technology/Technician, A

Radio and Television, A

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, A

TRIDENT TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Airframe Mechanics and Aircraft Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Broadcast Journalism, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Child Care Provider/Assistant, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Graphics, A

Computer Programming, Specific Applications, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Engineering Technology, A

Horticultural Science, A

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, A

Human Services, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Law and Legal Studies, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, A

Physical Therapy/Therapist, A

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, A

Telecommunications Technology/Technician, A

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA

Accounting, BMO

Advertising, B

African-American/Black Studies, B

Allopathic Medicine, PO

Anthropology, BMD

Aquatic Biology/Limnology, B

Art Education, M

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, BM

Art Teacher Education, B

Astronomy, MD

Biochemistry, MD

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Biostatistics, MD

Broadcast Journalism, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MDO

Business Education, M

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Cell Biology and Anatomy, MD

Chemical Engineering, BMD

Chemistry, BMD

Civil Engineering, BMD

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Clinical Psychology, MD

Communication Disorders, MD

Community Health Nursing, MO

Community Psychology, MD

Comparative Literature, MD

Composition, MD

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Engineering, BMD

Computer Science, MD

Consumer Economics, M

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, DO

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Criminology, MO

Curriculum and Instruction, D

Developmental Biology and Embryology, MD

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, MD

Ecology, MD

Economics, BMDO

Education, MDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MDO

Educational Measurement and Evaluation, MD

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Educational Psychology, MD

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, MD

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

English, MDO

English as a Second Language, O

English Education, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental and Occupational Health, MD

Environmental Policy and Resource Management, MO

Environmental Sciences, M

Epidemiology, MD

European Studies/Civilization, B

Evolutionary Biology, MD

Exercise and Sports Science, MD

Experimental Psychology, BMD

Finance, B

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Fine/Studio Arts, B

Foreign Language Teacher Education, MD

Foundations and Philosophy of Education, D

French Language and Literature, BM

Genetic Counseling/Counselor, M

Geography, BMD

Geology/Earth Science, BMD

Geophysics and Seismology, B

Geosciences, MD

German Language and Literature, BM

Gerontology, O

Hazardous Materials Management and Waste Technology/Technician, MD

Health Education, MDO

Health Promotion, MDO

Health Services Administration, MDO

Higher Education/Higher Education Administration, M

Historic Preservation and Conservation, M

History, BMDO

Hospitality Administration/Management, BM

Human Resources Management and Services, MO

Industrial Hygiene, MD

Information Science/Studies, MO

Insurance, B

International Affairs, MD

International Business/Trade/Commerce, M

International Relations and Affairs, B

Italian Language and Literature, B

Journalism, BMD

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Latin American Studies, B

Law and Legal Studies, PO

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Library Science, MO

Linguistics, MDO

Management Science, B

Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography, B

Marine Science/Merchant Marine Officer, B

Marine Sciences, MD

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, BMD

Mathematics Teacher Education, M

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Media Studies, M

Medical/Surgical Nursing, M

Molecular Biology, MD

Museology/Museum Studies, MO

Music, BMDO

Music History, Literature, and Theory, M

Music Teacher Education, BMD

Music Theory and Composition, M

Nurse Anesthetist, M

Nursing, MDO

Nursing - Adult, M

Nursing - Advanced Practice, MO

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Nursing Administration, M

Oceanography, Chemical and Physical, B

Office Management and Supervision, B

Pediatric Nurse/Nursing, M

Performance, MDO

Pharmaceutical Sciences, MD

Pharmacy, P

Philosophy, BMD

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BMD

Physics, BMD

Political Science and Government, BMD

Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse/Nursing, MO

Psychology, MD

Public Administration, MO

Public Health, MO

Public History, MO

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Reading Teacher Education, MD

Real Estate, B

Rehabilitation Counseling, MO

Rehabilitation Sciences, O

Religion/Religious Studies, BM

School Psychology, D

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, MD

Social Studies Teacher Education, M

Social Work, MDO

Sociology, BMD

Software Engineering, M

Spanish Language and Literature, BM

Special Education and Teaching, MD

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, M

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, BM

Statistics, BMDO

Student Personnel Services, M

Theater, M

Travel and Tourism, M

Vocational and Technical Education, M

Women's Health Nursing, MO

Women's Studies, BO

Writing, M

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AIKEN

Applied Mathematics, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Clinical Psychology, M

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer Science, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, B

Education, M

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Language and Literature, B

Fine/Studio Arts, B

History, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Sociology, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA BEAUFORT

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Education, B

English Language and Literature, B

Foreign Languages and Literatures, B

History, B

Hospitality Administration/Management, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, AB

Psychology, B

Social Sciences, B

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA LANCASTER

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA SALKEHATCHIE

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Mathematics, A

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA SUMTER

Interdisciplinary Studies, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA UNION

Biological and Physical Sciences, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA UPSTATE

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Early Childhood Education and Teaching, M

Education, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Language and Literature, B

French Language and Literature, B

History, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Mathematics, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, AB

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, M

VOORHEES COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Chemistry, B

Computer Science, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Mathematics, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Political Science and Government, B

Sociology, B

WILLIAMSBURG TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business/Commerce, A

Computer Programming, Specific Applications, A

Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Information Technology, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

WINTHROP UNIVERSITY

Art Education, M

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Arts Management, M

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, M

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business Teacher Education, B

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Communication Disorders, B

Computer Science, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Dance, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Education, M

Educational Leadership and Administration, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English, M

English Language and Literature, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education, B

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

History, BM

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Studies, M

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Middle School Education, M

Modern Languages, B

Music, BM

Music Teacher Education, BM

Nutritional Sciences, M

Performance, M

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Political Science and Government, B

Project Management, MO

Psychology, BMO

Reading Teacher Education, M

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, M

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Software Engineering, MO

Spanish Language and Literature, M

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Technical and Business Writing, B

WOFFORD COLLEGE

Accounting, B

Art History, Criticism and Conservation, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Computer Science, B

Creative Writing, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

English Language and Literature, B

Finance, B

French Language and Literature, B

German Language and Literature, B

History, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Mathematics, B

Neuroscience, B

Philosophy, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

YORK TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Business/Commerce, A

Child Care and Support Services Management, A

Child Care Provider/Assistant, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, A

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Dental Assisting/Assistant, A

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, A

Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electrical/Electronics Equipment Installation and Repair, A

General Office Occupations and Clerical Services, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Electronics Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Mechanics and Maintenance Technology, A

Legal Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Radio and Television Broadcasting Technology/Technician, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A