Hawaii

State of Hawaii

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: Unknown. The name may stem from Hawaii Loa, traditional discoverer of the islands, or from Hawaiki, the traditional Polynesian homeland.

NICKNAME: The Aloha State.

CAPITAL: Honolulu.

ENTERED UNION: 21 August 1959 (50th).

SONG: "Hawaii Ponoi."

MOTTO: Ua mau ke ea o ka aina i ka pono (The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness).

COAT OF ARMS: The heraldic shield of the Hawaiian kingdom is flanked by the figures of Kamehameha I, who united the islands, and Liberty, holding the Hawaiian flag. Below the shield is a phoenix surrounded by taro leaves, banana foliage, and sprays of maidenhair fern.

FLAG: Eight horizontal stripes, alternately white, red, and blue, represent the major islands, with the British Union Jack (reflecting the years that the islands were under British protection) in the upper left-hand corner.

OFFICIAL SEAL: Same as coat of arms, with the words "State of Hawaii 1959" above and the state motto below.

BIRD: Nene (Hawaiian goose).

FLOWER: Pua aloalo (yellow hibiscus).

TREE: Kukui (candlenut tree).

LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Presidents' Day, 3rd Monday in February; Kuhio Day, 26 March; Good Friday and Easter, March or April; Memorial Day, last Monday in May; Kamehameha Day, 11 June; Independence Day, 4 July; Statehood Day, 3rd Friday in August; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Election Day, 1st Tuesday after 1st Monday in November; Veterans' Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November; Christmas Day, 25 December.

TIME: 2 AM Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time = noon GMT.

LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENT

The state of Hawaii is an island group situated in the northern Pacific Ocean, about 2,400 mi (3,900 km) wsw of San Francisco. The smallest of the five Pacific states, Hawaii ranks 47th in size among the 50 states.

The 132 Hawaiian Islands have a total area of 6,470 sq mi (16,758 sq km), including 6,425 sq mi (16,641 sq km) of land and only 45 sq mi (117 sq km) of inland water. The island chain extends over 1,576 mi (2,536 km) n-s and 1,425 mi (2,293 km) e-w. The largest island, Hawaii (known locally as the "Big Island"), extends 76 mi (122 km) e-w and 93 mi (150 km) n-s; Oahu, the most populous island, extends 44 mi (71 km) e-w and 30 mi (48 km) n-s.

The eight largest islands of the Hawaiian group are Hawaii (4,035 sq mi/10,451 sq km), Maui (734 sq mi/1,901 sq km), Oahu (617 sq mi/1,598 sq km), Kauai (558 sq mi/1,445 sq km), Molokai (264 sq mi/684 sq km), Lanai (141 sq mi/365 sq km), Niihau (73 sq mi/189 sq km), and Kahoolawe (45 sq mi/117 sq km). The general coastline of the island chain is 750 mi (1,207 km); the tidal shoreline totals 1,052 mi (1,693 km). The state's geographic center is off Maui, at 20°15′ n, 156°20′ w.

TOPOGRAPHY

The 8 major and 124 minor islands that make up the state of Hawaii were formed by volcanic eruptions. Mauna Loa, on the island of Hawaii, is the world's largest active volcano, at a height of 13,675 ft (4,168 m). Kilauea, on the eastern slope of Mauna Loa, is the world's largest active volcanic crater: Beginning on 24 May 1969, it spewed forth 242 million cu yd (185 million cu m) of lava, spreading over an area of 19.3 sq mi (50 sq km). The longest volcanic eruption in Hawaii lasted 867 days. Further indications of Hawaii's continuing geological activity are the 14 earthquakes, each with a magnitude of 5 or more on the Richter scale, that shook the islands from 1969 to 1979; one quake, at Puna, on Hawaii in 1975, reached a magnitude of 7.2.

Hawaii, Maui, Kauai, and Molokai are the most mountainous islands. The highest peak in the state is Puu Wekiu (13,796 ft/4,208 m), on Hawaii; the largest natural lake, Halulu (182 acres/74 hectares), Niihau; the largest artificial lake, Waiia Reservoir (422 acres/171 hectares), Kauai; and the longest rivers, Kaukonahua Stream (33 mi/53 km) in the north on Oahu and Wailuku River (32 mi/51 km) on Hawaii. While much of the Pacific Ocean surrounding the state is up to 20,000 ft (6,100 m) deep, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, and Maui stand on a submarine bank at a depth of less than 2,400 ft (730 m). The lowest point of the state is sea level at the Pacific Ocean. The mean elevation is approximately 3,030 ft (924 m).

CLIMATE

Hawaii has a tropical climate cooled by trade winds. Normal daily temperatures in Honolulu average 73°f (22°c) in February and 81°f (27°c) in August; the average wind speed is a breezy 11.3 mph (18.2 km/h). The record high for the state is 100°f (38°c), set at Pahala on 27 April 1931, and the record low is 12°f (−11°c), set at Mauna Kea Observatory on 17 May 1979.

Rainfall is extremely variable, with far more precipitation on the windward (northeastern) than on the leeward side of the islands. Mt. Waialeale, Kauai, is reputedly the rainiest place on earth, with a mean annual total of 486 in (1,234 cm). Kukui, Maui, holds the US record for the most precipitation in one year—739 in (1,878 cm) in 1982. Average annual precipitation in Honolulu (1971–2000) was 18.3 in (46.5 cm). In the driest areas—on upper mountain slopes and in island interiors, as in central Maui—the average annual rainfall is less than 10 in (25 cm). Snow falls at the summits of Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, and Haleakala—the highest mountains. The highest tidal wave (tsunami) in the state's history reached 56 ft (17 m).

FLORA AND FAUNA

Formed over many centuries by volcanic activity, Hawaii's topography—and therefore its flora and fauna—have been subject to constant and rapid change. Relatively few indigenous trees remain; most of the exotic trees and fruit plants have been introduced since the early 19th century. Of the 2,200 species and subspecies of flora, more than half are endangered, threatened, or extinct.

The only land mammal native to the islands is the Hawaiian hoary bat, now endangered; there are no indigenous snakes. In April 2006, a total of 317 species occurring within the state were on the threatened and endangered species list of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. These included 44 animal (vertebrates and invertebrates) and 273 plant species. The endangered humpback whale migrates to Hawaiian waters in winter; other marine animals abound. Four species of sea turtle are also endangered. Among threatened birds are several varieties of honeycreeper, short-tailed albatross, Hawaiian coot, and the Hawaiian goose (nene). The nene (the state bird), once close to extinction, now numbers in the hundreds and is on the increase. The Kawainui and Hamakua Marsh Complex, a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, provides a habitat for at least four of the states endangered bird species, including the nene.

Animals considered endangered by the state but not on the federal list include the Hawaiian storm petrel, Hawaiian owl, Maui 'amakihi (Loxops virens wilsoni), and 'I'iwi (Vestiaria coccinea).

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Environmental protection responsibilities are vested in the Department of Land and Natural Resources, and in the Environmental Management Division of the Department of Health. The Hawaii Environmental Policy Act of 1974 established environmental policies and guidelines for state agencies. Also enacted in 1974 was the Environmental Impact Statement Law, which mandated environmental assessments for all state and county projects and some private projects. Noise pollution requirements for the state are among the strictest in the United States, and air and water purity levels are well within federal standards.

Since much of Hawaii's natural wetlands have been filled in for use as agricultural lands or for urban expansion projects, wetlands now cover less than 3% of the state. The Kawainui and Hamakua Marsh Complex was designated as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance in February 2005. Besides serving as a habitat for at least four species of endangered birds, the site is considered to be a cultural and archeological resource, one that is sacred to some native Hawaiians. In January 2006, the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources received a federal Coastal Wetlands Conservation grant of $646,250 for restoration projects in marsh. In 2005, federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) grants awarded to the state included $323,930 for a beach water quality monitoring and public notification program.

The EPA banned the use of ethylene dibromide (EDB), a pesticide used in the state's pineapple fields, after high levels of the chemical were found in wells on the island of Oahu in 1983. In 2003, 3.1 million lb of toxic chemicals were released in the state. In 2003, the US EPA's database listed 87 hazardous waste sites in Hawaii, three of which were on the National Priorities List as of 2006, including the Del Monte Corp. Oahu Plantation, the Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area, and the Pearl Harbor Naval Complex. In 2005, the EPA spent over $41,000 through the Superfund program for the cleanup of hazardous waste sites in the state.

POPULATION

Hawaii ranked 42nd in population in the United States with an estimated total of 1,275,194 in 2005, an increase of 5.3% since 2000. Between 1990 and 2000, Hawaii's population grew from 1,108,229 to 1,211,537, an increase of 9.3%. The population is projected to reach 1.38 million by 2015 and 1.43 million by 2025. Almost four-fifths of the population lives on Oahu, primarily in the Greater Honolulu metropolitan area. Population density was 196.6 people per sq mi in 2004.

In 2004, the median age was 38. Persons under 18 years old accounted for 23.7% of the population, while 13.6% of the population was age 65 or older.

By far the largest city is Honolulu, with an estimated 2004 population of 377,260. The Greater Honolulu metropolitan area had an estimated 899,593 residents in 1999. The city of Honolulu is coextensive with Honolulu County.

ETHNIC GROUPS

Hawaii has the nation's highest percentage of Asian residents—41.6% in 2000, when its Asian population numbered 503,868. In 2004, 41.8% of the population was Asian. In 2000, Pacific Islanders numbered 113,539 (including 80,137 native Hawaiians), 22,003 were black, and 3,535 were American Indians or Alaska Natives. About 87,699, or 7.2% of the total population, were Hispanic or Latino in 2000. Foreign-born residents numbered 212,229 in 2000, or 17.5% of the total state population—the fifth-highest percentage of foreign born among the 50 states. In 2004, 9.1% of the population was Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 2.2% was black, 0.3% was American Indian or Alaska Native, and 7.9% was of Hispanic or Latino origin. A full 20.1% of the population reported origin of two or more races.

Of Hawaii's Asian residents in 2000, 201,764 were Japanese, 170,635 were Filipino, 56,600 were Chinese, and 23,637 were Korean. The earliest Asian immigrants, the Chinese, were superseded in number in 1900 by the Japanese, who have since become a significant factor in state politics. The influx of Filipinos and other Pacific Island peoples was largely a 20th-century phenomenon. In recent decades, ethnic Hawaiians have been increasingly intent on preserving their cultural identity.

LANGUAGES

Although massive immigration from Asia and the US mainland since the mid-19th century has effectively diluted the native population, the Hawaiian lexical legacy in English is conspicuous. Newcomers soon add to their vocabulary the words aloha (love, good-bye), haole (white foreigner), malihini (newcomer), lanai (porch), tapa (bark cloth), mahimahi (a kind of fish), ukulele, muumuu, and the common directional terms mauka (toward the mountains) and makai (toward the sea), customarily used instead of "north," "east," "west," and "south." Native place-names are numerous—Waikiki, Hawaii, Honolulu, Mauna Kea, and Molokai, for example.

Most native-born residents of Hawaiian ancestry speak one of several varieties of Hawaiian pidgin, a lingua franca incorporating elements of Hawaiian, English, and other Asian and Pacific languages. In 2000, 73.4% (down from 75.2% in 1990) of Hawaiians five years old or older spoke only English at home.

The following table gives selected statistics from the 2000 Census for language spoken at home by persons five years old and over. The category "Other Pacific Island languages" includes Chamorro, Hawaiian, Ilocano, Indonesian, and Samoan. The category "Other Indo-European languages" includes Albanian, Gaelic, Lithuanian, and Rumanian.

RELIGIONS

Congregationalist missionaries arrived in 1820 and Roman Catholics in 1827. Subsequent migration brought Mormons and Methodists. Anglican representatives were invited by King Kamehameha IV in 1862. Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism arrived with the Chinese during the 1850s; by the turn of the century, Shinto and five forms of Mahayana Buddhism were being practiced by Japanese immigrants.

The largest religious group is the Roman Catholic Church, with 234,588 adherents in 66 parishes as of 2004. The Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) reported a membership of 64,608 in 127 congregations for 2006, an increase from 2000, when 42,758 adherents in 112 congregations were reported. There are two Mormon temples in the state: Laie, Oahu (est. 1919) and Kona (est. 1999). Other major groups (with 2000 data) include the Assemblies of God, 21,754 members, and the Southern Baptist Convention, 20,901 members. The Southern Baptist Convention reported 636 newly baptized members in 2002. The United Church of Christ had 17,362 adherents in 2005. In 2000, the Jewish population was at about 7,000. There were 73 Buddhist, 1 Muslim, and 8 Hindu congregations reported that year without specific membership numbers. About 63.8% of the population did not specify a religious affiliation.

Aloha International, founded in 1973, is a nondenominational organization based in Kapaa that promotes a system of spiritual healing known as Huna. The organization reports a membership of about 14,000. There are several local chapters of Young Life, a Christian youth organization, and Soka Gakkai International, a Buddhist organization.

TRANSPORTATION

Hawaii has only two railroads: the nonprofit Hawaiian Railway Society, with 6.5 mi (10.5 km) of track on Oahu; and the commercial-recreational Lahaina, Kaanapali and Pacific on Maui, with 6 mi (10 km) of track. The islands of Oahu, Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai have public bus systems. In 2004, Hawaii's 843,876 licensed drivers traversed 4,318 mi (6,951 km) of roads and streets. There were some 532,000 passenger cars registered in 2004, along with approximately 394,000 trucks of all types and around 4,000 buses.

Hawaii's busiest port is Honolulu, with 19.085 million tons of cargo handled in 2004, making it the 39th-busiest port in the United States. Other major Hawaiian ports and their 2004 tonnage handled include Barbers Point, Oahu, 6.086 million tons; Hilo, 1.850 million tons; and Kahului, Maui, 3.9 million tons. In 2003, waterborne shipments totaled 23.642 million tons.

Most scheduled interisland passenger traffic and most transpacific travel is by air. In 2005, Hawaii had a total of 48 public and private-use aviation-related facilities. This included 31 airports and 17 heliports. The state's busiest air terminal is Honolulu International Airport, which had a total of 9,579,076 enplanements in 2004, making it the 25th-busiest airport in the United States.

HISTORY

Hawaii's earliest inhabitants were Polynesians who came to the islands in double-hulled canoes between 1,000 and 1,400 years ago, either from Southeast Asia or from the Marquesas in the South Pacific. The Western world learned of the islands in 1778, when an English navigator, Captain James Cook, sighted Oahu; he named the entire archipelago the Sandwich Islands after his patron, John Montagu, Fourth Earl of Sandwich. At that time, each island was ruled by a hereditary chief under a caste system called kapu. Subsequent contact with European sailors and traders exposed the Polynesians to smallpox, venereal disease, liquor, firearms, and Western technology—and fatally weakened the kapu system. Within 40 years of Cook's arrival, one of the island chiefs, Kamehameha (whose birth date, designated as 11 June, is still celebrated as a state holiday), had consolidated his power on Hawaii, conquered Maui and Oahu, and established a royal dynasty in what became known as the Kingdom of Hawaii.

The death of Kamehameha I in 1819 preceded the arrival of Protestant missionaries by a year. One of the first to come was the Reverend Hiram Bingham, who, as pastor in Honolulu, was instrumental in converting Hawaiians to Christianity. Even before Bingham arrived, however, Liholiho, successor to the throne under the title of Kamehameha II, had begun to do away with the kapu system. After the king's death from measles while on a state trip to England in 1824, another son of Kamehameha I, Kauikeaouli, was proclaimed King Kamehameha III. His reign saw the establishment of public schools, the first newspapers, the first sugar plantation, a bicameral legislature, and the establishment of Honolulu as the kingdom's capital city. Hawaii's first written constitution was promulgated in 1840, and in 1848 a land reform called the Great Mahele abolished the feudal land system and legitimized private landholdings, in the process fostering the expansion of sugar plantations. The power behind the throne during this period was Dr. Gerrit P. Judd, a medical missionary who served as finance minister and interpreter for Kamehameha III.

Diplomatic maneuverings during the 1840s and 1850s secured recognition of the kingdom from the United States, Britain, and France. As the American presence on the islands increased, however, so did pressure for US annexation—a movement opposed by Alexander Liholiho, who ruled as Kamehameha IV after his father's death in 1854. His brief reign and that of his brother Lot (Kamehameha V) witnessed the arrival of Chinese contract laborers and the first Japanese immigrants, along with the continued growth of Hawaii as an international port of call (especially for whalers) and the increasing influence of American sugar planters. Lot's death in 1872 left no direct descendant of Kamehameha, and the legislature elected a new king, whose death only a year later required yet another election. The consequent crowning of Kalakaua, known as the Merry Monarch, inaugurated a stormy decade during which his imperial schemes clashed with the power of the legislature and the interests of the planters. The most significant event of Kalakaua's unstable reign was the signing of a treaty with the United States in 1876, guaranteeing Hawaii an American sugar market. The treaty was renewed in 1887 with a clause leasing Pearl Harbor to the United States.

Kalakaua died during a visit to San Francisco in 1891 and was succeeded by his sister, Liliuokalani, the last Hawaiian monarch. Two years later, after further political wrangling, she was deposed in an American-led revolution that produced a provisional government under the leadership of Sanford B. Dole. The new regime immediately requested annexation by the United States, but the treaty providing for it bogged down in the Senate and died after the inauguration of President Grover Cleveland, an opponent of expansionism. The provisional government then drafted a new constitution and on 4 July 1894 proclaimed the Republic of Hawaii, with Dole as president. The Spanish-American War, which fanned expansionist feelings in the United States and pointed up the nation's strategic interests in the Pacific, gave proponents of annexation the opportunity they had been seeking. The formal transfer of sovereignty took place on 12 August 1898, and Dole became Hawaii's first territorial governor when the act authorizing the annexation became effective in June 1900.

Notable in the territorial period were a steady US military buildup, the creation of a pineapple canning industry by James D. Dole (the governor's cousin), the growth of tourism (spurred in 1936 by the inauguration of commercial air service), and a rising desire for statehood, especially after passage of the Sugar Act of 1934, which lowered the quota on sugar imports from Hawaii. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, crippling the US Pacific fleet and causing some 4,000 casualties, quickly turned Hawaii into an armed camp under martial law. The record of bravery compiled by Nisei of the 442d Regiment on the European front did much, on the other hand, to allay the mistrust that some mainlanders felt about the loyalties of Hawaiians of Japanese ancestry. Hawaii also bore a disproportionate burden during the Korean conflict, suffering more casualties per capita than any of the 48 states.

Hawaiians pressed for statehood after World War II, but Congress was reluctant, partly because of racial antipathy and partly because of fears that Hawaii's powerful International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union was Communist controlled. The House of Representatives passed a statehood bill in 1947, but the Senate refused. Not until 1959, after Alaska became the 49th state, did Congress vote to let Hawaii enter the Union. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill on 18 March, and the question was then put to the Hawaiian electorate, who voted for statehood on 27 June 1959 by a margin of about 17 to 1. Hawaii became the 50th state on 21 August 1959.

Defense, tourism, and food processing have been the mainstays of Hawaii's economy, with the state playing an increasingly important role as an economic, educational, and cultural bridge between the United States and the nations of Asia and the Pacific. Hawaiians have faced the challenge of preserving the natural beauty of their environment while accommodating a growing population (especially on Oahu) and a thriving tourist industry. In May 2000, President Bill Clinton issued orders to federal agencies to expand their coastline protection programs, including those protecting Hawaii's coral reefs.

A prominent political issue in recent years has been the achievement of some form of sovereignty by native Hawaiians. Control of an estimated 2 million acres of land is also at stake. In 1996 a majority of the islands' roughly 200,000 descendants of indigenous Hawaiians (in 2005, roughly 400,000) voted to establish some form of self-government. In August 1998, the 100th anniversary of the US annexation of Hawaii, protesters marched in Washington, DC, demanding their full sovereignty from the US government. In July 2000, the movement got some backing in a rights bill introduced in Congress by Hawaiian senator Daniel Akaka. The bill asked that Native Hawaiians be allowed to form their own government and have status similar to that of American Indians. In 2005, the Akaka Bill (amended many times) was opposed by certain Native Hawaiian groups because it would allow the US Department of the Interior too much administrative power over their affairs.

Hawaii's tourism industry was negatively affected by the 2001 recession, the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, and the 2003 Iraq War. Hawaii's tourism business declined by about one-third in one month after the start of the Iraq War on 19 March 2003. That year, the Hawaii legislature passed a non-binding resolution condemning portions of the 2001 USA Patriot Act and the 2002 Homeland Security Act (which include sweeping federal powers to combat terrorism) and called on state and local officials to avoid any actions that threatened the civil rights of any of Hawaii's residents. Hawaii was the first state to go on record against the Patriot and Homeland Security acts.

STATE GOVERNMENT

The constitution of the state of Hawaii was written by the constitutional convention of 1950, ratified by the people of the territory of Hawaii that year, and then amended by the 1959 plebiscite on the statehood question. By January 2005, it had been amended 104 times.

There is a bicameral legislature of 25 senators elected from eight senatorial districts for four-year terms, and 51 representatives elected for two-year terms. The legislature meets annually on the third Wednesday in January; the session is limited to 60 legislative days, but a two-thirds petition by the membership secures an extension (limited to 15 days). Special sessions may be called by pe-tition of two-thirds of the members of each house. To be eligible to serve as a legislator, a person must have attained the age of majority (18), be an American citizen, have been a resident of the state for at least three years, and be a qualified voter of his district. The legislative salary in 2004 was $32,000, unchanged from 1999.

The governor and lieutenant governor are jointly elected for concurrent four-year terms and must be of the same political party. They are the only elected officers of the executive branch, except for the 13 members of the Board of Education, who also serve four-year terms. The governor, who may be reelected only once, must be at least 30 years old, a qualified voter, and must have resided in the state for five years. As of December 2004, the governor's salary was $94,780, unchanged from 1999.

The legislature can override the governor's veto by a two-thirds vote of the elected members of both houses. If the governor neither signs nor vetoes a bill, it becomes law after 10 days (excepting Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays) when the legislature is in session or after 45 days (excepting Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays) after the legislature has adjourned.

A constitutional amendment may be proposed by the legislature with a two-thirds vote in each house in one session or a majority vote in each house in two sessions. It must then be approved by a majority of the voters during elections.

Voters in Hawaii must be US citizens, state residents, and at least 18 years old. Restrictions apply to convicted felons and those declared mentally incompetent by the court.

POLITICAL PARTIES

Both Republicans and Democrats established party organizations early in the 20th century, when Hawaii was still a territory. Before statehood, the Republican Party dominated the political scene; since the 1960s, however, Hawaii has been solidly Democratic.

Democrat Al Gore won 56% of the vote in the presidential election in 2000, while Republican George W. Bush garnered 38%, and Green Party candidate Ralph Nader took 6%. Four years later, Democrat John Kerry won 54% of the vote to Republican incumbent George W. Bush's 45%. Democrat Daniel K. Inouye first won election to the US Senate in 1962; he was reelected in 1968, 1974, 1980, 1986, 1992, 1998, and 2004. Democratic senator Dan-iel K. Akaka, first appointed in 1990 and elected to a full term in 1994, was reelected in 2000. Both of Hawaii's representatives to the House were Democrats in 2005. A Republican, Linda Lingle, was elected governor in 2002. In 2005, Democrats held 20 of the seats in the state Senate, while Republicans held just 5. In the state House, Democrats held 41 seats to the Republican's 10. In 2004, there were 647,000 registered voters; there is no party registration in the state. The state had four electoral votes in the 2004 presidential election.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

The state is divided into five principal counties: Hawaii, including the island of Hawaii; Maui, embracing the islands of Maui, Kahoolawe, Lanai, and Molokai; Honolulu, coextensive with the city of Honolulu and covering all of Oahu and the northwestern Hawaiian Islands, from Nihoa to Kure Atoll; Kauai, including the islands of Kauai and Niihau; and Kalawao on Molokai. Kalawao is represented in the state legislature as part of Maui County.

Because there are no further forms of local government, the counties provide some services that are traditionally performed in other states by cities, towns, and villages, notably fire and police protection, refuse collection, and street maintenance and lighting. On the other hand, the state government provides many functions that are normally performed by counties on the mainland. Each principal county has an elected council and a mayor.

In 2005, the state had 15 special districts and one public school system.

In 2005, local government accounted for about 14,344 full-time (or equivalent) employment positions.

STATE SERVICES

To address the continuing threat of terrorism and to work with the federal Department of Homeland Security, homeland security in Hawaii operates under the authority of the governor; the adjutant general is designated as the state homeland security adviser.

Hawaii's first ombudsman, empowered to investigate complaints by the public about any officer or employee of state or county government, took office in 1969. The State Ethics Commission, a legislative agency, implements requirements for financial disclosure by state officials and investigates alleged conflicts of interest and other breaches of ethics.

The Department of Education is headed by an elected Board of Education. It operates hundreds of schools in the state, including several for the physically and mentally disabled. It also regulates private schools and certifies teachers. The Board of Regents of the University of Hawaii oversees the state's higher educational institutions. The State Public Library system provides Hawaii's residents with access to education, information, programs and services. Highways, airports, harbors, and other facilities are the concern of the Department of Transportation.

The Department of Health operates public hospitals and various programs for the mentally ill, the developmentally disabled, and alcoholics. Civil defense and the Air and Army National Guards are under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense. The Department of Land and Natural Resources focuses on the environment.

The Corrections Division of the Department of Public Safety operates the state prison system, along with programs for juve-nile offenders. The Department of Human Services is responsible for social services, housing, health care, child welfare, disabilities, and programs for the aged, women, and fathers. Unemployment insurance, occupational safety and health laws, and workers' compensation programs are run by the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations.

JUDICIAL SYSTEM

The supreme court, the highest in the state, consists of a chief justice and four associate justices, all of them appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Senate. All serve 10-year terms, up to the mandatory retirement age of 70.

The state is divided into four judicial circuits with 27 circuit court judges and four intermediate appellate court judges, also appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the Senate to 10-year terms. Circuit courts are the main trial courts, having jurisdiction in most civil and criminal cases. District courts, whose judges are appointed by the chief justice with the advice and consent of the Senate to six-year terms, function as inferior courts within each judicial circuit; district court judges may also preside over family court proceedings. Hawaii also has a land court and a tax appeal court.

As of 31 December 2004, a total of 5,960 prisoners were held in Hawaii's state and federal prisons, an increase from 5,828 or 2.3% from the previous year. As of year-end 2004, a total of 699 inmates were female, up from 685 or 2% from the year before. Among sentenced prisoners (one year or more), Hawaii had an incarceration rate of 329 per 100,000 population in 2004.

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in 2004 Hawaii had a violent crime rate (murder/nonnegligent manslaughter; forcible rape; robbery; aggravated assault) of 254.4 reported incidents per 100,000 population, or a total of 3,213 reported incidents. Crimes against property (burglary; larceny/theft; and motor vehicle theft) in that same year totaled 60,525 reported incidents or 4,792.8 reported incidents per 100,000 people. Hawaii does not have a death penalty.

In 2003, Hawaii spent $120,409,439 on homeland security, an average of $57 per state resident.

ARMED FORCES

Hawaii is the nerve center of US defense activities in the Pacific. CINCPAC (Commander-in-Chief Pacific), headquartered at Camp H. M. Smith in Honolulu, directs the US Pacific Command, largest of the six US Unified Commands, and is responsible for all US military forces in the Pacific and Indian oceans and southern Asia. Effective 24 October 2002, the title Commander in Chief, US Pacific Command was changed to Commander, US Pacific Command (CDRUSPACOM). Military prime contract awards in the fiscal year 2004 totaled $1.7 billion, and defense payroll, including retired military pay, amounted to $3.3 billion.

As of 2004, Hawaii was home base for 65,302 Department of Defense military and civilian personnel. The US Navy and Marines accounted for 24,440 personnel; the Army, 19,408; and the Air Force, 6,801. Pearl Harbor is home port for 40 ships. The major Army bases, all on Oahu, are Schofield Barracks, Ft. Shafter, and Ft. DeRussy; Air Force bases include Hickam and Wheeler. Military reservations occupy nearly one-fourth of Oahu's land area.

There were 107,310 veterans of US military service in Hawaii as of 2003, of whom 13,644 served in World War II; 11,093 in the Korean conflict; 33,858 during the Vietnam era; and 17,058 in the Gulf War. Expenditures for veterans totaled $311 million in fiscal year 2004.

MIGRATION

The US mainland and Asia have been the main sources of immigrants to Hawaii since the early 19th century. Immigration remains a major source of population growth: Between 1950 and 1980, Hawaii's net gain from migration was 91,000, and between 1980 and 1983, 15,000. In the 1980s, migration accounted for 23% of the net increase in population.

Since the early 1970s, about 40,000 mainland Americans have come each year to live in Hawaii. More than half are military personnel and their dependents, on temporary residence during their term of military service. From 1985 to 1990, Hawaii suffered a net loss from migration within the United States but experienced an overall net gain in migration due to immigration from abroad. Between 1990 and 1998, the net loss from domestic migration was 80,000. During the same period there was a net gain of 51,000 from international migration. In 1998, 5,465 foreign immigrants arrived in Hawaii. Between 1990 and 1998, the state's overall population increased 7.6%. In the period 2000–05, net international migration was 30,068 and net internal migration was −13,112, for a net gain of 16,956 people.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION

Among the interstate accords in which Hawaii participates are the Western Interstate Corrections Compact and the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. Federal grants were estimated at $1.5 billion in fiscal year 2001. Following a national trend, federal grants dropped to $1.387 billion in fiscal year 2005. In fiscal year 2006, they stood at an estimated $1.415 billion, and an estimated $1.422 billion in fiscal year 2007.

ECONOMY

Tourism remains Hawaii's leading employer, revenue producer, and growth sector. However, agricultural diversification (including the cultivation of flowers and nursery products, papaya, and macadamia nuts), aquaculture, manganese nodule mining, and film and television production have broadened the state's economic base. Economic growth was relatively sluggish in Hawaii at the end of the 20th century, accelerating from only 2.2% in 1998 to 3.3% in 1999 to 4.6% in 2000. The national recession of 2001 and the aftereffects of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States helped reduce the annual growth rate to 2.8% in 2001, mainly through the impact on tourism. By the third quarter of 2002, however, hotel revenue in Hawaii was showing an increase over 2001, in contrast to hotel revenues in other parts of the country. Payroll employment, after declining sharply in 2001, was also showing increases.

Hawaii's gross state product (GSP) in 2005 totaled $54 billion; in 2004 real estate was the largest sector at 16.5% of GSP, followed by lodging and food service at 8.4%, and health care and social services at 6.8%. In that same year, there were an estimated 105,242 small businesses in Hawaii. Of the 29,791 businesses having employees, a total of 28,844 or 96.8% were small companies. An estimated 3,698 new businesses were established in the state in 2004, up 1.1% from the previous year. Business terminations that same year came to 3,754, down 6.4% from 2003. Business bankruptcies totaled 47 in 2004, down 34.7% from the year before. In 2005, the personal bankruptcy (Chapter 7 and Chapter 13) filing rate was 299 filings per 100,000 people, ranking Hawaii as the 48th highest in the nation.

INCOME

In 2005, Hawaii had a gross state product (GSP) of $54 billion, which accounted for 0.4% of the nation's gross domestic product and placed the state at number 42 in highest GSP among the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2004, Hawaii had a per capita personal income (PCPI) of $32,625. This ranked 20th in the United States and was 99% of the national average of $33,050. The 1994–2004 average annual growth rate of PCPI was 2.8%. Hawaii had a total personal income (TPI) of $41,176,427,000, which ranked 40th in the United States and reflected an increase of 8.0% from 2003. The 1994–2004 average annual growth rate of TPI was 3.4%. Earnings of persons employed in Hawaii increased from $30,504,321,000 in 2003 to $33,021,075,000 in 2004, an increase of 8.3%. The 2003–04 national change was 6.3%.

The US Census Bureau reports that the three-year average median household income for 2002–04 in 2004 dollars was $53,123 compared to a national average of $44,473. During the same period, an estimated 9.7% of the population was below the poverty line, as compared to 12.4% nationwide.

LABOR

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), in April 2006, the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force in Hawaii numbered 645,600. Approximately 18,000 workers were unemployed, yielding an unemployment rate of 4.6%, compared to the national average of 4.7% for the same period. Preliminary data for the same period placed nonfarm employment at 615,400. Since the beginning of the BLS data series in 1976, the highest unemployment rate recorded in Hawaii was 10.2% in March 1976. The historical low was 2.2% in November 1989. Preliminary nonfarm employment data by occupation for April 2006 showed that approximately 5.7% of the labor force was employed in construction; 2.4% in manufacturing; 19.8% in trade, transportation, and public utilities; 11.5% in education and health services; 17.5% in leisure and hospitality services; and 19.5% in government. Data were unavailable for financial activities and services.

Unionization was slow to develop in Hawaii. after World War II, however, the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union organized workers in the sugar and pineapple industries and then on the docks. The International Brotherhood of Teamsters is also well established.

The BLS reported that in 2005, a total of 141,000 of Hawaii's 545,000 employed wage and salary workers were formal members of a union. This represented 25.8% of those so employed, up from 23.7% in 2004, well above the national average of 12%. Overall in 2005, a total of 145,000 workers (26.7%) in Hawaii were covered by a union or employee association contract, which includes those workers who reported no union affiliation. Hawaii does not have a right-to-work law.

As of 1 March 2006, Hawaii had a state-mandated minimum wage of $6.75 per hour, which will increase to $7.25 per hour on 1 January 2007. In 2004, women in the state accounted for 48.5% of the employed civilian labor force. Hawaii is one of only five states where union membership is higher than 20% of the labor force.

AGRICULTURE

Export crops—especially sugar cane and pineapple—dominate Hawaiian agriculture, which had farm receipts exceeding $553 million in 2005.

The islands of Hawaii (Maui, Molokai, Oahu, and Kauai) are the only places in the United States where coffee is grown commercially; production in 2004–05 totaled 7.1 million lb (3.2 million kg). Another tropical product, pineapple, has also become a substantial export crop, with 215,000 tons produced in 2004, valued at $79.9 million, as well as macadamia nuts and tropical flowers. Taro (coco yam), used for making poi, is also grown; production in 2004 was 5.2 million lb (2.8 million kg), valued at $2,808,000. Banana production in 2003 was 22.5 million lb (10.2 million kg), valued at $9.2 million, and ginger root, 6 million lb (2.7 million kg), valued at $5.4 million.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Hawaii had an estimated 155,000 cattle and calves worth $97.6 million in 2005. In 2004, the estimated number of hogs and pigs was 22,000, worth $3.5 million. Poultry farms produced an estimated 117.2 million eggs in 2003, worth $9.4 million. Most of the eggs were for domestic consumption, making eggs one of the very few farm commodities in which the state is close to self-sufficient. Most of the state's cattle farms are in Hawaii and Maui counties.

FISHING

Although it is expanding, Hawaii's commercial catch remains surprisingly small. In 2004, Hawaii landings brought in 24.2 million lb (11 million kg) with a value of $57.2 million. Though the port of Honolulu ranked eighth in the nation that year in catch value ($44.6 million), it was 42d in quantity (18.2 million lb/8.3 million kg). The most valuable commercial species are swordfish and bigeye tuna. In 2001, the state had 2,814 commercial fishing boats and vessels. Sport fishing is extremely popular, with bass, bluegill, tuna, and marlin among the most sought-after varieties. In 2004, the state had 5,796 sport fishing license holders.

FORESTRY

As of 2003, Hawaii had 1,748,000 acres (707,940 hectares) of forestland and water reserves, with 700,000 acres (283,500 hectares) classified as commercial timberland, most of it located on the island of Hawaii. The majority of the locally grown wood is used in the manufacture of furniture, flooring, and craft items. As the sugar industry downsizes, there is an initiative to expand the forest industry by planting trees on lands formerly planted in sugarcane. Hawaii has the eighth-largest state-owned forest and natural area reserve system in the United States. Some 57% of forests are within the State Conservation District.

MINING

As of 2003, mining in Hawaii, mostly involved the extraction of sand and gravel from open pits and the quarrying of stone for crushed stone, mainly for use by the state's construction industry. According to preliminary data from the US Geological Survey, the value of Hawaii's nonfuel mineral production in 2003 (the latest year for which data was available) was estimated to be around $74 million (up about 2% from 2002).

In 2003, preliminary data showed that the output of construction grade sand and gravel totaled 600,000 metric tons or $6.9 million, while the production of crushed stone totaled 6.5 million metric tons or $66.6 million.

ENERGY AND POWER

Devoid of indigenous fossil fuels and nuclear installations, Hawaii depends on imported petroleum for about 78% of its energy needs. Coal, hydroelectric power, natural gas, windmills, geothermal energy, and sugarcane wastes contribute the rest.

As of 2003, Hawaii had seven electrical power service providers, of which three were investor owned and three were owners of independent generators that sold directly to customers. The remaining service provider was a cooperative. As of that same year, there were 447,584 retail customers. Of that total, 415,208 received their power from investor-owned service providers. The state's sole cooperatives accounted for 32,361 customers, while there were 15 independent generator or "facility" customers.

Total net summer generating capability by the state's electrical generating plants in 2003 stood at 2.268 million kW, with total production that same year at 10.976 billion kWh. Of the total amount generated, 59.2% came from electric utilities, with the remainder coming from independent producers and combined heat and power service providers. The largest portion of all electric power generated, 8.502 billion kWh (77.5%), came from petroleum-fired plants, with coal-fired plants in second place at 1.644 billion kWh (15%) and other renewable power sources in third place at 696.766 million kWh (6.3%). Hydroelectric and other gas-fueled plants accounted for the remainder. All of Hawaii's electric power plants are privately owned.

As of 2004, Hawaii had no known proven reserves or production of crude oil or natural gas. As of 2005, the state's two refineries had a combined crude oil distillation capacity of 147,000 barrels per day.

INDUSTRY

As of 2004, food and food products accounted for slightly more than 23% of the shipment value of all manufactured goods produced in Hawaii, including sugar and pineapples. Other major industries are clothing; stone, clay, and glass products; fabricated metals; and shipbuilding.

According to the US Census Bureau's Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) for 2004, Hawaii's manufacturing sector covered some five product subsectors. The shipment value of all products manufactured in the state that same year was $4.560 billion. Of that total, food manufacturing accounted for the largest share at $1.066 billion. It was followed by nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing at $206.697 million; printing and related support activities at $176.659 million; miscellaneous manufacturing at $106.213 million; and apparel manufacturing at $88.540 million.

In 2004, a total of 14,035 people in Hawaii were employed in the state's manufacturing sector, according to the ASM. Of that total, 8,901 were actual production workers. In terms of total employment, the food manufacturing industry accounted for the largest portion of all manufacturing employees at 4,773 with 3,253 actual production workers. It was followed by printing and related support activities at 1,569 employees (875 actual production workers); apparel manufacturing at 1,456 employees (934 actual production workers); miscellaneous manufacturing at 1,364 employees (639 actual production workers); and nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing with 1,046 employees (654 actual production workers).

ASM data for 2004 showed that Hawaii's manufacturing sector paid $522.317 million in wages. Of that amount, the food manufacturing sector accounted for the largest share at $193.384 million. It was followed by printing and related support services at $51.311 million; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing at $46.481 million; miscellaneous manufacturing at $42.363 million; and apparel manufacturing at $27.977 million.

COMMERCE

According to the 2002 Census of Wholesale Trade, Hawaii's wholesale trade sector had sales that year totaling $9.9 billion from 1,876 establishments. Wholesalers of durable goods accounted for 861 establishments, while the number of nondurable goods wholesalers totaled 919, with electronic markets, agents, and brokers accounting for 96 establishments. Sales by nondurable goods wholesalers in 2002 totaled $5.9 billion. Sales data for wholesalers of durable goods and for electronic markets, agents, and brokers in the wholesale trade industry was not available.

In the 2002 Census of Retail Trade, Hawaii was listed as having 4,924 retail establishments with sales of $13 billion. The leading types of retail businesses by number of establishments were clothing and clothing accessories stores (1,239); miscellaneous store retailers (809); food and beverage stores (722); and motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts dealers (336). In terms of sales, general merchandise stores accounted for the largest share of retail sales at $2.56 billion, followed by motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts dealers at $2.55 billion and food and beverage stores at $2.2 billion. A total of 63,794 people were employed by the retail sector in Hawaii that year.

Hawaii's central position in the Pacific ensures a sizable flow of goods through the Honolulu Customs District. Exports in 2005 totaled $1.02 billion. Hawaii's major trading partners are Japan for exports and Japan, Singapore and Indonesia for imports.

CONSUMER PROTECTION

Hawaii's Office of Consumer Protection, a division of the Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs, enforces the state's consumer protection laws and provides information regarding landlord-tenant matters. It was created in 1969 to protect the interests of consumers and legitimate businesses by investigating consumer complaints alleging unfair or deceptive trade practices in a broad range of areas, including advertising, refunds, motor vehicle rentals, door-to-door sales, and credit practices.

In support of the state's Office of Consumer Protection, the state's attorney general can initiate civil and criminal proceedings; administer consumer protection and education programs; and handle consumer complaints. However, the Attorney General's Office has only limited subpoena powers and cannot represent the state before other state or federal regulatory agencies. In antitrust actions, the Attorney General's Office can act on behalf of those consumers who are incapable of acting on their own; initiate damage actions on behalf of the state in state courts; initiate criminal proceedings; and represent counties, cities, and other governmental entities in recovering civil damages under state or federal law.

The Office of Consumer Protection has offices in the cities of Hilo, Honolulu, and Wailuku.

BANKING

As of June 2005, Hawaii had seven insured banks, savings and loans, and saving banks, plus three state-chartered and 96 federally chartered credit unions (CUs). Excluding the CUs, the Honolulu market area had 10 financial institutions in 2004. As of June 2005, CUs accounted for 16.1% of all assets held by all financial institutions in the state, or some $6.750 billion. Banks, savings and loans, and savings banks collectively accounted for the remaining 83.9% or $35.090 billion of assets held. The regulation of Hawaii's financial institutions is handled by the Department of Commerce and Consumer affairs Division of Financial Institutions.

In 2004, the median net interest margin (the difference between the lower rates offered to savers and the higher rates charged on loans) stood at 4.24%, down from 4.50% in 2003. As of fourth quarter 2005, the median percentage of past due/nonaccrual loans to total loans stood at 0.22%, down from 0.57% in 2004 and 0.86% in 2003.

INSURANCE

In 2004 there were 577,000 individual life insurance policies in force with a total value of $58.5 billion; total value for all categories of life insurance (individual, group, and credit) was $91.4 billion. The average coverage amount was $101,500 per policy holder. Death benefits paid that year totaled over $234 million.

In 2003, there were three life and health insurance and 17 property and casualty insurance companies were domiciled in the state. In 2004, direct premiums for property and casualty insurance totaled $2 billion. That year, there were 49,379 flood insurance policies in force in the state, with a total value of $6.5 billion.

In 2004, 60% of state residents held employment-based health insurance policies, 3% held individual policies, and 24% were covered under Medicare and Medicaid; 10% of residents were uninsured. In 2003, employee contributions for employment-based family health coverage averaged about 26%. The average employee contribution for single coverage was 8%, the lowest in the nation. The state does not offer a health benefits expansion program in connection with the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA, 1986), a health insurance program for those who lose employment-based coverage due to termination or reduction of work hours.

In 2003, there were 730,946 auto insurance policies in effect for private passenger cars. Required minimum coverage includes bodily injury liability of up to $20,000 per individual and $40,000 for all persons injured in an accident, as well as property damage liability of $10,000. Personal injury protection is also required. In 2003, the average expenditure per vehicle for insurance coverage was $774.39.

SECURITIES

The Honolulu Stock Exchange, established in 1898, discontinued trading on 30 December 1977. In 2005, there were 430 personal financial advisers employed in the state and 320 securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents. In 2004, there were 18 publicly traded companies within the state, with five NASDAQ companies, three NYSE listings, and three AMEX listings. In 2006, the state had two Fortune 1,000 companies; Hawaiian Electric Industries (NYSE) ranked first in the state and 755 in the nation with revenues of over $2.2 billion, followed by Alexander and Baldwin (NASDAQ).

PUBLIC FINANCE

Development and implementation of Hawaii's biennial budget are the responsibilities of the Department of Budget and Finance. The fiscal year (FY) runs from 1 July through 30 June.

Beginning in fiscal year 2000, reductions in state taxes were scheduled through fiscal year 2006, including cuts in the general excise tax, a cut in the services tax for out-of-state end usage, and incentives for high-technology business in Hawaii. From 1995 to 2000, the number of high-technology companies in Hawaii more than doubled, from 300 to 629.

In fiscal year 2006, general funds were estimated at $5.2 billion for resources and $4.6 billion for expenditures. In fiscal year 2004, federal government grants to Hawaii were nearly $2.1 billion.

In the fiscal year 2007 federal budget, Hawaii was slated to receive $15.3 million in State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) funds to help the state provide health coverage to low-income, uninsured children who do not qualify for Medicaid. This funding is a 23% increase over fiscal year 2006. It is also scheduled to receive $8.3 million for the HOME Investment Partnership Program to help Hawaii fund a wide range of activities that build, buy, or rehabilitate affordable housing for rent or homeownership, or provide direct rental assistance to low-income people. This funding is a 12% increase over fiscal year 2006.

TAXATION

In 2005, Hawaii collected $4,434 million in tax revenues or $3,478 per capita, which placed it second among the 50 states in per capita tax burden. The national average was $2,192 per capita. Sales taxes accounted for 48.2% of the total, selective sales taxes 13.8%, individual income taxes 31.2%, corporate income taxes 2.8%, and other taxes 4.1%.

As of 1 January 2006, Hawaii had nine individual income tax brackets ranging from 1.4 to 8.25%. The state taxes corporations at rates ranging from 4.4 to 6.4% depending on tax bracket.

In 2004, local property taxes amounted to $720,798,000 or $571 per capita. The per capita amount ranks the state 42nd highest nationally. Hawaii does not collect property taxes at the state level.

Hawaii taxes retail sales at a rate of 4%. Food purchased for consumption off premises is taxable; however, an income tax credit is allowed to offset sales tax on food. The tax on cigarettes is 140 cents per pack, which ranks 11th among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Hawaii taxes gasoline at 16 cents per gallon. This is in addition to the 18.4 cents per gallon federal tax on gasoline.

According to the Tax Foundation, for every federal tax dollar sent to Washington in 2004, Hawaii citizens received $1.60 in federal spending.

ECONOMIC POLICY

Business activity in Hawaii is limited by physical factors: Land for development is scarce, living costs are relatively high, heavy industry is environmentally inappropriate, and there are few land-based mineral operations. On the other hand, Hawaii is well placed as a trading and communications center, and Hawaii's role as a defense outpost and tourist haven remains vital. The Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (DBEDT) is the lead agency for economic development and planning. The Office of Planning, a separate agency attached to the DBEDT, has specific responsibility for the continuous process of long-range strategic planning. Ongoing projects in the Office of Planning include facilitating a task force on "Recapturing the Magic of Waikiki," a case study in keeping resort areas vital and attractive; implementing the Environmental Protection Agency-funded Brownfields Cleanup Revolving Loan Fund program; mapping the islands' agricultural subdivisions; and implementing a state Smart Growth strategy, including conducting stakeholder and public information meetings to increase awareness of Smart Growth principles and practices. The Aloha Tower Development Corporation (ATDC), formed in 1981 to develop the area around the historic landmark in downtown Honolulu, is another separate agency attached to the DBEDT. The Aloha Tower Marketplace, completed in 1994, was its first major project. The ATDC seeks to attract private investors to both strengthen the international economic base of the community and to enhance the beautification of the waterfront. The area has been included in an Enterprise Zone (EZ), making business tenants eligible for tax incentives. In 2006, Hawaii had 19 designated EZs, which are areas with high rates of unemployment, poverty, and/or public assistance. Another separate agency attached to the DBEDT is the High Technology Development Corporation (HTDC), established in 1982. Other separate agencies coordinated by the DBEDT include the Hawaii Tourist Authority, the Natural Energy of Hawaii Authority, the Hawaii Community Development Authority, the Land Use Commission, and the Housing and Community Development Corporation. The DBEDT administers the state's Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ) program, established under a grant issued to Hawaii by the federal Foreign-Trade Zones Board in 1965. As of 2006, 13 sites on the islands of Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii had received FTZ designations, and, of these, three general-purpose and four special-purpose zones were active. Other divisions within the DBEDT include the Business Development and Marketing Division; the Research and Economic Analysis Division; and the Energy, Resources and Technology Division.

HEALTH

The infant mortality rate in October 2005 was estimated at 5.6 per 1,000 live births. The birth rate in 2003 was 14.4 per 1,000 population. In 2000, the abortion rate stood at 22.1 per 1,000 women, a figure that was above the national average of 21.3 per 1,000 for the same year but substantially lower than the 1992 rate of 46 per 1,000. In 2003, about 82.4% of pregnant woman received prenatal care beginning in the first trimester. In 2004, approximately 81% of children received routine immunizations before the age of three.

The crude death rate in 2003 was 7.1 deaths per 1,000 population. As of 2002, the death rates for major causes of death (per 100,000 resident population) were as follows: heart disease, 201.8; cancer, 156.2; cerebrovascular diseases, 65.2; chronic lower respiratory diseases, 21.3; and diabetes, 16.4. The mortality rate from HIV infection was 2.1 per 100,000 population. In 2004, the reported AIDS case rate was at about 10.8 per 100,000 population. In 2002, about 51.6% of the population was considered overweight or obese. As of 2000, about 19.7% of state residents were smokers.

In 2003, Hawaii had 24 community hospitals with about 3,100 beds. There were about 112,000 patient admissions that year and 1.9 million outpatient visits. The average daily inpatient census was about 2,200 patients. The average cost per day for hospital care was $1,350. Also in 2003, there were about 45 certified nursing facilities in the state with 4,059 beds and an overall occupancy rate of about 93.8%. Hawaii had 302 physicians per 100,000 resident population in 2004 and 725 nurses per 100,000 in 2005. In 2004, there was a total of 997 dentists in the state.

Hawaii comes the closest of any state to providing universal health care coverage as a result of a 1974 law that requires employers to provide health insurance for full-time workers and a state insurance plan for low-income, part-time workers and Medicaid recipients. About 24% of state residents were enrolled in Medicaid and Medicare programs in 2004. Approximately 10% of the state population was uninsured in 2004. In 2003, state health care expenditures totaled $2.1 million.

SOCIAL WELFARE

In 2004, about 24,000 people received unemployment benefits, with the average weekly unemployment benefit at $323. In fiscal year 2005, the estimated average monthly participation in the food stamp program included about 93,584 persons (47,309 households); the average monthly benefit was about $138.88 per person, which was the highest average in the nation. That year, the total of benefits paid through the state for the food stamp program was about $155.8 million.

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), the system of federal welfare assistance that officially replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in 1997, was reauthorized through the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. TANF is funded through federal block grants that are divided among the states based on an equation involving the number of recipients in each state. In 2004, the state program had 23,000 recipients; state and federal expenditures on this TANF program totaled $91 million in fiscal year 2003.

In December 2004, Social Security benefits were paid to 199,240 Hawaiians. This number included 141,990 retired workers, 16,210 widows and widowers, 18,050 disabled workers, 9,480 spouses, and 13,510 children. Social Security beneficiaries represented 15.6% of the total state population and 87.5% of the state's population age 65 and older. Retired workers received an average monthly payment of $945; widows and widowers, $879; disabled workers, $915; and spouses, $444. Payments for children of retired workers averaged $464 per month; children of deceased workers, $627; and children of disabled workers, $282. Federal Supplemental Security Income payments went to 22,251 Hawaii residents in December 2004, averaging $437 a month.

HOUSING

In 2004, there were an estimated 482,873 housing units, 427,673 of which were occupied. Only 58.9% were owner occupied, ranking the state at 48th out of 51 (the 50 states and the District of Columbia) in the number of homeowners. About 51.4% of all units were single-family, detached homes. About 22% of all housing units were within buildings of 20 or more units, which ranks as the second-highest percentage of this category of housing in the nation (after the District of Columbia). Most units relied on electricity for heating, but about 5,476 units were equipped for solar power. It was estimated that 20,719 units were lacking telephone service, 4,972 lacked complete plumbing facilities, and 8,549 lacked complete kitchen facilities. The average household had 2.87 members.

In 2004, 9,000 privately owned housing units were authorized for construction. Median home value was $364,840, the second highest in the nation. The median monthly cost for mortgage owners was $1,648 while renters paid a median of $871 per month; both figures represented the third-highest monthly median costs in the nation. In September 2005, the state received a grant of $400,000 from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for rural housing and economic development programs. For 2006, HUD allocated over $5.2 million in community development block grants to the state.

EDUCATION

Education has developed rapidly in Hawaii: In 2004, 88% of all state residents 25 years of age or older had completed high school; 26.6% had completed four or more years of college.

Hawaii is the only state to have a single, unified public school system. It was founded in 1840. Total enrollment for fall 2002 stood at 184,000. Of these, 131,000 attended schools from kindergarten through grade eight, and 53,000 attended high school. Approximately 20.2% of the students were white, 2.4% were black, 4.5% were Hispanic, 72.4% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and 0.5% were American Indian/Alaska Native. Total enrollment was estimated at 183,000 in fall 2003 and is expected to be 193,000 by fall 2014, an increase of 5% during the period 2002–14. In fall 2003, there were 37,228 students enrolled in 133 private schools. Expenditures for public education in 2003–04 were estimated at $1.7 billion. Since 1969, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has tested public school students nationwide. The resulting report, The Nation's Report Card, stated that in 2005, eighth graders in Hawaii scored 266 out of 500 in mathematics compared with the national average of 278.

As of fall 2002, there were 65,368 students enrolled in college or graduate school; minority students composed 65.4% of total post-secondary enrollment. As of 2005, Hawaii had 20 degree-granting institutions. The University of Hawaii maintains three campuses—Manoa (by far the largest), Hilo, and West Oahu. Private colleges include Brigham Young University-Hawaii Campus, Chaminade University of Honolulu, and Hawaii Pacific College. There are seven community colleges.

ARTS

The Hawaii State Foundation on Culture and the Arts (HSFCA) was founded in 1965. Ongoing programs include the Folk Arts Program (est. 1983) and the Hawaii State Art Museum, which opened in 2002 to feature artworks from the State Art Collection of the HSFCA. In 2005, Hawaiian arts organizations received 17 grants totaling $934,900 from the National Endowment for the Arts. The Hawaii Council for the Humanities was established in 1972 and has since granted over $4 million for over 500 projects in the state. In 2005, the state received eight grants totaling $1,207,532 from the National Endowment for the Humanities. The HSFCA was scheduled to host an International Cultural Summit in 2006, celebrating the foundation's 40th anniversary. The mission of the summit was to bring together artists, educators, and civic leaders from the state and around the world in order to discuss contemporary issues concerning culture and art in local and global communities.

The Neal Blaisdell Center in Honolulu has a 2,158-seat theater and concert hall, an 8,800-seat arena, and display rooms. Other performance facilities in Honolulu are the John F. Kennedy Theatre at the University of Hawaii, the Waikiki Shell for outdoor concerts, and the Hawaii Opera Theater, which presents three operas each season. The opera's 2007 season included Samson and Dalila, Don Giovanni, and Madama Butterfly. The Honolulu Symphony Orchestra performs both on Oahu and on the neighboring islands. Founded in 1900, the Honolulu Symphony holds claim to being the oldest American orchestra west of the Rocky Mountains. Other Oahu cultural institutions are the Honolulu Community Theater, Honolulu Theater for Youth, Windward Theater Guild, and Polynesian Cultural Center.

The annual Cherry Blossom Festival includes a number of Japanese cultural events presented from January through March, mostly on Oahu. The Honolulu Festival, established in 1994 as a forum to encourage cultural cooperation and understanding, presents a number of art exhibits and musical performances. Though fairly new, the Honolulu Festival has grown rapidly, drawing approximately 5,000 participants from Japan alone in 2005. The Aloha Festivals, which began in 1946, now consist of over 300 events taking place on six islands throughout the months of August and September to celebrate the music, dance, and history of the various cultures represented in the state; it is Hawaii's largest festival and the only statewide celebration held in the United States. In 2006, the Aloha Festivals marked its 60th anniversary with the theme Nā Paniolo Nui O Hawa'ii—The Great Cowboys of Hawaii.

LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS

For the fiscal year ending in June 2001, the Hawaii State Public Library System (HSPLS) was the state's sole public library system, operating a total of 50 libraries, of which 49 were branches. The system had a combined book and serial publication collection in that same year of 3,195,000 volumes and a total circulation of 6,747,000. The system also had 185,000 audio and 58,000 video items, 3,000 electronic format items (CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, and disks), and four bookmobiles. In 2000, the University of Hawaii library system in Honolulu had approximately 3 million volumes. In fiscal year 2001, total operating income of the HSPLS came to $23,876,000, including $895,000 in federal grants and $21,504,000 in state grants.

Hawaii has 42 major museums and cultural attractions. Among the most popular sites are the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor, Polynesian Cultural Center, Sea Life Park, Bernice P. Bishop Museum (specializing in Polynesian ethnology and natural history), and Honolulu Academy of Arts. Outside Oahu, the Kilauea Visitor Center (Hawaii Volcanoes National Park) and Kokee Natural History Museum (Kauai) attract the most visitors.

COMMUNICATIONS

Commercial interisland wireless service began in 1901, and radiotelephone service to the mainland was established in 1931. In 2004, 95.4% of Hawaii's occupied housing units had telephones. In addition, by June of that same year, there were 819,262 mobile wireless telephone subscribers. In 2003, 63.3% of Hawaii households had a computer and 55.0% had Internet access. Hawaii had 12 major AM radio stations and 21 major FM stations as of 2003, as well as 10 major television stations. A total of 27,025 internet domain names were registered in Hawaii as of 2000.

PRESS

In 2005, Hawaii had eight daily newspapers (six morning and two evening) and six Sunday newspapers: the Honolulu Advertiser (141,341 daily, 161,325 Sundays), Honolulu Star-Bulletin (64,305 daily, 64,344 Sunday), Hawaii Tribune-Herald (18,806 daily, 22,150 Sundays), Maui News (21,478 daily, 25,938 Sundays), West Hawaii Today (12,397 daily, 15,916 Sundays), and the Garden Island (8,677 daily, 9,130 Sundays).

ORGANIZATIONS

In 2006, there were over 1,035 nonprofit organizations registered within the state, of which about 758 were registered as charitable, educational, or religious organizations. The leading organization headquartered in Honolulu is the East-West Center, a vehicle of scientific and cultural exchange. Other educational organizations of national and international interest include the International Tsunami Information Center, the Pacific Whale Foundation, and the Meteoritical Society.

State organizations promoting local and regional arts and culture include the Historic Hawaii Foundation, the Hawaiian Historical Society, the Native Hawaiian Culture and Arts Program, the Honolulu Academy of the Arts, and the Polynesian Cultural Center. State environmental concerns are supported through the Conservation Council for Hawaii and the Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, which focuses on the local sugarcane industry.

TOURISM, TRAVEL, AND RECREATION

In 2004, there were 7 million visitor arrivals to the islands, an increase of 8% over 2003. Travel expenditures by visitors who arrived by air reached $10.8 billion. In 2003, Hawaii employed 153,600 people in the travel and tourism industry. An estimated 42% of visitors are from other US states. The largest international market (1.5 million visitors) is Japan.

Visitors come for scuba diving, snorkeling, swimming, fishing, whale watching, and sailing; for the hula, luau, lei, and other distinctive island pleasures; for the tropical climate and magnificent scenic beauty; and for a remarkable variety of recreational facilities, including 7 national parks and historic sites, 74 state parks, 626 county parks, 17 public golf courses, and 1,600 recognized surfing sites. Major visitor attractions include the Volcano National Park (Hawaii); USS Arizona Memorial (Oahu); Waimea Canyon (Kawai); Diamondhead Beach and Honolulu (Oahu); and Polynesian Cultural Center (Oahu). Visitors can tour coffee and pineapple plantations. The Hawaiian Islands are a popular vacation spot for honeymooners.

SPORTS

Hawaii has no major professional sports teams. Since 1982, the Aloha Bowl, a major college football postseason game played on Christmas Day, has been played in Aloha Stadium in Honolulu, as is the Hula Bowl, a postseason all-star game in January for college players. The Pro Bowl (the National Football League's all-star game) is also played in Honolulu on the weekend following the Super Bowl. Surfing is an extremely popular sport in Hawaii, as it is the home of the Banzai Pipeline, north of Oahu. Here, the yearly Duke Kahanamoku and Makaha surfing meets take place. Hawaii is also the site of an annual Professional Golfers' Association tournament and the world-famous Ironman Triathlon competition. The Transpac Yacht Race is held biennially from California to Honolulu. Kona is the site of the International Billfish Tournament, and the Hawaii Big Game Fishing Club holds statewide tournaments each year. Football, baseball, and basketball are the leading collegiate sports. The University of Hawaii Rainbow Warriors produce the most well-known collegiate teams.

FAMOUS HAWAIIANS

Hawaii's best-known federal officeholder is Daniel K. Inouye (b.1924), a US senator since 1962 and the first person of Japanese ancestry ever elected to Congress. Inouye, who lost an arm in World War II, came to national prominence during the Senate Watergate investigation of 1973, when he was a member of the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities. George R. Ariyoshi (b.1926), who was elected governor of Hawaii in 1974, was the first Japanese American to serve as chief executive of a state.

Commanding figures in Hawaiian history were King Kamehameha I (1758?–1819), who unified the islands through conquest, and Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli, 1813–54), who transformed Hawaii into a constitutional monarchy. Two missionaries who shaped Hawaiian life and politics were Hiram Bingham (b.Vermont, 1789–1869) and Gerrit Parmele Judd (b.New York, 1803–73). Sanford B. Dole (1844–1926) and Lorrin Andrews Thurston (1858–1931) were leaders of the revolutionary movement that overthrew Queen Liliuokalani (1838–1917), established a republic, and secured annexation by the United States. Dole was the republic's first president and the territory's first governor. Another prominent historical figure was Bernice Pauahi Bishop (1831–88), of the Kamehameha line, who married an American banker and left her fortune to endow the Kamehameha Schools in Honolulu; the Bishop Museum was founded by her husband in her memory. Honolulu-born Luther Halsey Gulick (1865–1918), along with his wife, Charlotte Vetter Gulick (b.Ohio, 1865–1928), founded the Camp Fire Girls.

Don Ho (b.1930) is a prominent Hawaiian-born entertainer; singer-actress Bette Midler (b.1945) was also born in Hawaii. Duke Kahanamoku (1889–1968) held the Olympic 100-meter free-style swimming record for almost 20 years.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chambers, John H. Hawaii. Northampton, Mass.: Interlink Books, 2005.

Coffman, Tom. Nation Within: The Story of America's Annexation of the Nation of Hawai'i. Kane'ohe, Hawaii: Tom Coffman/EPI-Center, 1998.

Council of State Governments. The Book of the States, 2006 Edition. Lexington, Ky.: Council of State Governments, 2006.

Haas, Michael (ed.). Multicultural Hawaiì: the Fabric of a Multiethnic Society. New York: Garland Publications, 1998.

Odo, Franklin. No Sword to Bury: Japanese Americans in Hawai'i during World War II. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2004.

Pratt, Richard C., and Zachary A. Smith (eds.). Politics and Public Policy in Hawaii. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992.

Richardson, K. D. Reflections of Pearl Harbor: An Oral History of December 7, 1941. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 2005.

Trask, Haunani-Kay. From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawaii. Monroe, Maine: Common Courage, 1993.

US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau. Hawaii, 2000. Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics: 2000 Census of Population and Housing. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 2003.

Wooden, Wayne S. Return to Paradise: Continuity and Change in Hawaii. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1995.

Hawaii

1 Location and Size

2 Topography

3 Climate

4 Plants and Animals

5 Environmental Protection

6 Population

7 Ethnic Groups

8 Languages

9 Religions

10 Transportation

11 History

12 State Government

13 Political Parties

14 Local Government

15 Judicial System

16 Migration

17 Economy

18 Income

19 Industry

20 Labor

21 Agriculture

22 Domesticated Animals

23 Fishing

24 Forestry

25 Mining

26 Energy and Power

27 Commerce

28 Public Finance

29 Taxation

30 Health

31 Housing

32 Education

33 Arts

34 Libraries and Museums

35 Communications

36 Press

37 Tourism, Travel & Recreation

38 Sports

39 Famous Hawaiians

40 Bibliography

State of Hawaii

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: Unknown. The name may stem from Hawaii Loa, traditional discoverer of the islands, or from Hawaiki, the traditional Polynesian homeland.

NICKNAME : The Aloha State.

CAPITAL: Honolulu.

ENTERED UNION: 21 August 1959 (50th).

OFFICIAL SEAL: Same as coat of arms, with the words “State of Hawaii 1959” above and the state motto below.

FLAG: Eight horizontal stripes, alternately white, red, and blue, represent the major islands, with the British Union Jack (reflecting the years that the islands were under British protection) in the upper left-hand corner.

COAT OF ARMS: The heraldic shield of the Hawaiian kingdom is flanked by the figures of Kamehameha I, who united the islands, and Liberty, holding the Hawaiian flag. Below the shield is a phoenix surrounded by taro leaves, banana foliage, and sprays of maidenhair fern.

EMBLEM: Each of the eight major islands has its own emblem—Hawaii, lehua (ohia blossom); Kahoolawe, hinahina (beach heliotrope); Kauai, mokihana (fruit capsule of the Pelea anisata); Lanai, kaunaoa (Cuscuta sandwichiana); Maui, lokelani (pink cottage rose); Molokai, kukui (candlenut) blossom; Niihau, white pupa shell; and Oahu, ilima (Sida fallax).

MOTTO: Ua mau ke ea o ka aina i kapono (The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness).

SONG: “Hawaii Ponoi.”

COLORS: Each of the eight major islands has its own color—Hawaii, red; Kahoolawe, gray; Kauai, purple; Lanai, yellow; Maui, pink; Molokai, green; Niihau, white; and Oahu, yellow.

FLOWER: Pua aloalo (yellow hibiscus).

TREE: Kukui (candlenut tree).

BIRD: Nene (Hawaiian goose).

LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year’s Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Presidents’ Day, 3rd Monday in February; Kuhio Day, 26 March; Good Friday and Easter, March or April; Memorial Day, last Monday in May; Kamehameha Day, 11 June; Independence Day, 4 July; Statehood Day, 3rd Friday in August; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Election Day, 1st Tuesday after 1st Monday in November; Veterans’ Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November; Christmas Day, 25 December.

TIME: 2 AM Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time = noon GMT.

1 Location and Size

The State of Hawaii is an island group situated in the northern Pacific Ocean, about 2,400 miles (3,900 kilometers) west-southwest of San Francisco. The smallest of the five states with a border on the Pacific, Hawaii ranks 47th in size among the 50 states. The 132 Hawaiian Islands have a total area of 6,470 square miles (16,758 square kilometers), including 6,425 square miles (16,641 square kilometers) of land and only 45 square miles (117 square kilometers) of inland water. The island chain extends over 1,576 miles (2,536 kilometers) north-south and 1,425 miles (2,293 kilometers) east-west. The four largest islands of the Hawaiian group are Hawaii, 4,035 square miles (10,451 square kilometers); Maui, 734 square miles (1,901 square kilometers); Oahu, 617 square miles (1,598 square kilometers); and Kauai, 558 square miles (1,445 square kilometers). The general coastline of the islands is 750 miles (1,207 kilometers).

2 Topography

The eight major and 124 minor islands that make up the State of Hawaii were formed by volcanic eruptions. Mauna Loa, on the island of Hawaii, is the world’s largest active volcano, at a height of 13,675 feet (4,168 meters). The highest peak in the state is Puu Wekiu on Hawaii at 13,796 feet (4,208 meters). The largest natural lake is Halulu on Niihau at 182 acres (74 hectares). The largest artificial lake, Waiia Reservoir on Kauai, covers 422 acres (171 hectares). The longest rivers are Kaukonahua Stream (33 miles/53 kilometers) in the north on Oahu, and Wailuku River (32 miles/51 kilometers) on Hawaii.

Hawaii Population Profile

Population by Age Group

3 Climate

Hawaii has a tropical climate cooled by trade winds. Normal daily temperatures in Honolulu average 72°f (22°c) in February and 78°f (26°c) in August. The record high for the state

is 100°f (38°c), set at Pahala on 27 April 1931. The record low is 12°f (–11°c), set at Mauna Kea Observatory on 17 May 1979. Rainfall is extremely variable. Mt. Waialeale, on Kauai, is said to be the rainiest place on earth, with a mean annual total of 486 inches (1,234 centimeters). Upper mountain slopes and island interiors are the driest areas, averaging under 10 inches (25 centimeters). Snow falls at the summits of Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, and Haleakala—the highest mountains. The highest tidal wave (tsunami) in the state’s history reached 56 feet (17 meters).

4 Plants and Animals

Hawaii has about 2,200 species and subspecies of plants, more than half are endangered, threatened, or extinct. As of April 2006, a total of 317 species (44 animal and 273 plant species) were listed as endangered or threatened by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The only land mammal native to the islands, the Hawaiian hoary bat, is now endangered. There are no indigenous snakes. Animal species listed as endangered or threatened. These include four species of sea turtle and the humpback whale, which migrates to Hawaiian waters in winter. Among threatened birds are several varieties of honeycreeper, short-tailed albatross, Hawaiian coot, and the Hawaiian goose, or nene (the state bird). Animals considered endangered by the state but not on the federal list include the Hawaiian storm petrel, Hawaiian owl, Maui ‘amakihi (Loxops virens wilsoni), and ‘i’iwi (Vestiaria coccinea).

Hawaii Population by Race

Census 2000 was the first national census in which the instructions to respondents said, “Mark one or more races.” This table shows the number of people who are of one, two, or three or more races. For those claiming two races, the number of people belonging to the various categories is listed. The U.S. government conducts a census of the population every ten years.

5 Environmental Protection

Environmental protection within the state is the responsibility of the Department of Land and Natural Resources, and the Environmental Management Division of the Department of Health. Noise pollution requirements for the state are among the strictest in the United States, and air and water purity levels are well within federal standards.

The federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned the use of ethylene dibromide (EDB), a pesticide used in the state’s pineapple fields, after high levels of the chemical were found in wells on the island of Oahu in 1983. In 2003, the Environmental Protection Agency’s database listed 87 hazardous waste sites in the state, 3 of which were on the National Priorities List as of 2006.

6 Population

In 2006, Hawaii ranked 42nd in population in the United States with an estimated total of 1,285,498 residents. The Census Bureau projects that the population will reach 1.38 million by 2015 and 1.43 million by 2025. Almost four-fifths of the population lives on Oahu. In 2004, Hawaii had a population density of about 196.6 persons per square mile (75.9 persons per square kilometer). In that same year, the median age was 38. In 2005, about 14% of all residents were 65 or older, while about 24% were 18 or younger. Honolulu is the largest city in the state. In 2005, it had an estimated population of 377,379.

7 Ethnic Groups

Hawaii has the nation’s highest percentage of Asian residents. In 2006, a total of 42% were of Asian descent, while 8.5% were Pacific Islanders or native Hawaiians, 2.0% were black, 0.3% were Native Americans or Alaskan natives, and 8.0% were Hispanic or Latino. In 2000, foreign-born residents numbered 212,229, or 17.5% of the total state population.

8 Languages

The Hawaiian legacy is apparent in the state’s English. Newcomers soon add to their vocabulary aloha (love, good-bye), haole (white foreigner), malihini (newcomer), mahimahi (dolphinfish), ukulele, muumuu, and other common native words. Most native-born residents of Hawaiian ancestry speak one of several varieties of Hawaiian pidgin, a common language with elements of Hawaiian, English, and other Asian and Pacific languages. In 2000, of all Hawaiians five years old or older, 73.4% spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home, and the number of speakers, include Tagalog (60,967), Japanese (56,225), and Chinese (29,363).

9 Religions

Congregationalist missionaries arrived in 1820 and Roman Catholics in 1827. Subsequent migration brought Mormons and Methodists. Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism arrived with the Chinese during the 1850s. In 2004, the largest religious group was the Catholic Church, with 234,588 adherents. The Latter-day Saints (Mormons) followed with 64,608 adherents in 2006. Other major groups (as of 2000) included the Assemblies of God with 21,754 members, and the Southern Baptist Convention with 20,901 adherents. In 2005, the United Church of Christ had 17,362 adherents. In 2000, the Jewish population was at about 7,000. There were 73 Buddhist, 1 Muslim, and 8 Hindu congregations reported in that same year. About 63.8% of the population were not counted as members of any religious organization.

10 Transportation

Hawaii has only two railroads: the nonprofit Hawaiian Railway Society, with 6.5 miles (10.5 kilometers) of track on Oahu, and the commercial-recreational Lahaina, Kaanapali & Pacific on Maui, with 6 miles (10 kilometers) of track. The islands of Oahu, Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai have public bus systems. In 2004, Hawaii had 843,876 licensed drivers, and 4,318 miles (6,951 kilometers) of roads and streets. In that same year, there were about 532,000 passenger cars registered, along with around 394,000 trucks, and some 4,000 buses.

Hawaii’s busiest port is Honolulu. Other major Hawaiian ports include Barbers Point, Oahu, and Kahului, Maui.

Most scheduled interisland passenger traffic and most trans-Pacific travel is by air. In 2005, the state had 31 airports and 17 heliports. The busiest air terminal is Honolulu International Airport, which had a total of 9,579,076 passengers in 2004.

11 History

The Western world learned of the Hawaiian islands in 1778, when an English navigator, Captain James Cook, sighted Oahu. At that time, each island was ruled by a hereditary chief under a caste system called kapu. Contact with European sailors and traders exposed the Polynesians to smallpox, venereal disease, liquor, firearms, and Western technology—and fatally weakened the kapu system. Within 40 years of Cook’s arrival, one of the island chiefs, Kamehameha (r.1810– 19), had conquered Maui and Oahu and established a royal dynasty in what became known as the Kingdom of Hawaii. His son, Liholiho, was proclaimed Kamehameha II in 1819.

After the death of Kamehameha II in 1824, his brother, Kauikeaouli, was proclaimed King Kamehameha III. His reign saw the establishment of public schools, the first sugar plantation, and a two-chamber legislature. Hawaii’s first written constitution was adopted in 1840, and in 1848, a land reform called the Great Mahele abolished the feudal land system, fostering the expansion of sugar plantations. The 1840s and 1850s saw recognition of the kingdom from the United States, Britain, and France. The following decades witnessed the arrival of Chinese contract laborers and the increasing influence of American sugar planters.

In 1893, the reigning monarch, Queen Liliuokalani, was overthrown in an American-led revolution that produced a provisional government under the leadership of Sanford B. Dole. After unsuccessfully requesting annexation by the United States, Hawaii’s government drafted a new constitution and on 4 July 1894 proclaimed the Republic of Hawaii. After the Spanish-American War, which fueled expansionist

feelings in the United States and pointed up the nation’s strategic interests in the Pacific, the United States annexed Hawaii, effective June 1900.

Notable in the territorial period were a steady US military buildup; the creation of a pineapple-canning industry; the growth of tourism (spurred in 1936 by the inauguration of commercial air service); and a rising desire for statehood. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, crippling the US Pacific fleet and causing some 4,000 casualties, quickly turned Hawaii into an armed camp under martial law.

Hawaiians pressed for statehood after World War II, but Congress was reluctant, partly

Hawaii Governors: 1959–2007

because of racial hostility and partly because of fears that Hawaii’s powerful International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union was Communist-controlled. Not until 21 August 1959, after Alaska became the 49th state, did Hawaii become the 50th. Since then, defense and tourism have been the mainstays of Hawaii’s economy, with the state playing an increasingly important role as an economic, educational, and cultural bridge between the United States and the nations of Asia and the Pacific.

In recent years, a prominent political issue in Hawaii has been the movement to give native Hawaiians some form of sovereignty. At stake is the control of around 2 million acres of land. In 1996, the state’s 200,000 descendants of native Hawaiians voted to establish some form of self-government. In July 2000, a rights bill was introduced in the US Congress by Hawaiian senator Daniel Akaka, which would give native Hawaiians the right to form their own government, with a status similar to that granted to American Indians. However, certain native Hawaiian groups opposed the bill because it would give too much administrative power over native Hawaiian affairs to the US Department of the Interior.

Affecting Hawaii in the early years of the 21st century were the recession of 2001, the 11 September terrorist attacks that same year, and the 2003 Iraq war, all of which had deeply hit the state’s tourism industry. One month after the Iraq war began on 19 March 2003, the state’s tourism business fell by one-third.

12 State Government

Hawaii’s constitution, ratified in 1950 and amended by the 1959 plebiscite on the statehood question, had been amended 104 times by January 2005.

Hawaii has a two-chamber legislature of 25 senators and 51 representatives. The governor and lieutenant governor are elected to four-year terms and must be of the same political party. They are the only elected officers of the executive branch, except for members of the Board of Education. The legislature can override the governor’s veto by a two-thirds vote.

In 2004, the governor’s salary was $94,780, and the legislative salary was $32,000.

13 Political Parties

Before statehood, the Republican Party dominated the political scene. Since the 1960s, however, Hawaii has been solidly Democrat. Following the 2006 midterm elections, the majorities of both houses of the state legislature, its senators, and its two US Representatives were all Democrats. Democrats held 20 of the seats in the state senate while Republicans held just 5. In the house, Democrats held 43 seats to the Republicans 8. There were 24 women serving in the state legislature following the 2006 elections, or 31.6%. Democrat Al Gore won with 56% of the vote in the presidential election in 2000, while Republican George W. Bush garnered 38%. In the 2004 presidential election, Democratic challenger John Kerry took 54% of the vote in Hawaii, to George W. Bush’s 45%. However, a Republican, Linda Lingle, was elected governor in 2002 and reelected in 2006. In 2002 there were 676,242 registered voters; there is no party registration in the state.

14 Local Government

The state is divided into five principal counties—Hawaii, Maui, Honolulu (coextensive with the city of Honolulu and covering all of Oahu), Kauai (including the island of Niihau), and Kalawao on that part of Molokai more commonly known as the Kalaupapa Settlement, primarily for the care and treatment of persons suffering from leprosy. Since there are no further subdivisions, the counties provide some services traditionally performed in other states by cities, towns, and villages. On the other hand, the state government provides many functions normally performed by counties on the mainland. Each principal county has an elected council and a mayor. In 2002, the state had fifteen special districts and one public school system.

15 Judicial System

The supreme court, the highest in the state, consists of a chief justice and four associate justices. The state is divided into four judicial circuits with 27 circuit court judges and 4 intermediate appeals court judges. Circuit courts are the main trial courts, having jurisdiction in most civil and criminal cases. District courts function as inferior courts within each judicial circuit; district court judges may also preside over family court proceedings. Hawaii also has a land court and a tax appeal court. Hawaii in 2004 had a violent

Hawaii Presidential Vote by Major Political Parties, 1960–2004

crime rate (murder/nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault) in 2004 of 254.4 incidents per 100,000 people. There were 5,960 persons in the state’s jails and prisons as of 31 December 2004. Hawaii does not have a death penalty.

16 Migration

The US mainland and Asia have been the main sources of immigrants to Hawaii since the early 19th century. Immigration remains a major source of population growth. Since the early 1970s, about 40,000 mainland Americans have come each year to live in Hawaii. More than half are military personnel and their dependents, on temporary residence during their term of military service. Between 1990 and 1998, the net loss from domestic migration was 80,000. During the same period there was a net gain of 51,000 from international migration. In the period 2000–05, a net total of 30,068 moved into the state from other countries, and a net loss of 13,112 left the state and moved to other states, for a net gain of 16,956 people.

17 Economy

Tourism remains Hawaii’s leading employer, revenue producer, and growth area. However, agricultural diversification—including the cultivation of flowers and nursery products, papaya, macadamia nuts, fish farming, manganese nodule mining, and film and television production have broadened the state’s economic base.

The national recession of 2001, and the after-effects of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States reduced the annual economic growth rate, mainly through the impact on tourism. Hotel revenues had begun to increase by the end of 2002, however.

Hawaii’s gross state product (GSP) in 2005 totaled $54 billion. In 2004, real estate accounted for the largest portion of GSP at 16.5%, followed by lodging and food service at 8.4%. Of the 29,791 businesses in the state that had employees, 96.8% were small companies.

18 Income

In 2004, Hawaii ranked 20th among the 50 states and the District of Columbia with a per capita (per person) income of $32,625. The three-year average median income for the period 2002–04 was $53,123, compared to the national average of $44,473. In the same three-year period, an estimated 9.7% of the state’s population lived below the federal poverty level, compared to the national average of 12.4%.

19 Industry

As of 2004, food and food products accounted for slightly more than 23% of shipment value of all manufactured goods, including sugar and pineapples. Other major industries are clothing, stone, clay, glass products, fabricated metals, and shipbuilding.

20 Labor

In April 2006, the civilian labor force in Hawaii numbered 645,600, with approximately 18,000 workers unemployed, yielding an unemployment rate of 4.6%, compared to the national average of 4.7% for the same period. For that same date, about 5.7% of the labor force was employed in construction; 2.4% in manufacturing; 19.8% in trade, transportation, and public utilities; 21.6% in trade; 11.5% in education and health services; 17.5% in leisure and hospitality services; and 19.5% in government. Data was not available for financial activities and services.

Unionization was slow to develop in Hawaii. After World War II, however, the International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union (ILWU) organized workers in the sugar and pineapple industries, and then on the docks. The Teamsters Union is also well established. In 2005, a total of 141,000 of Hawaii’s 545,000 employed wage and salary workers were members of a union. This represented 25.8% of those so employed, and well above the national average in 2004 of 12%. Hawaii is one of only four states with a union membership rate over 20%.

21 Agriculture

Export crops—especially sugarcane and pineapple—dominate Hawaiian agriculture, which had farm receipts exceeding $553 million in 2005.

The islands of Hawaii (Maui, Molokai, Oahu, and Kauai) are the only places in the United States where coffee is grown commercially. Coffee production in 2004/2005 totaled 7.1 million pounds (3.2 million kilograms). Another tropical product, pineapple, has also become a substantial export crop, with 215,000 tons produced in 2004. Macadamia nuts, tropical flowers, and taro are also grown. Banana production in 2003 was 22.5 million pounds (10.2 million kilograms).

22 Domesticated Animals

Hawaii had an estimated 155,000 cattle and calves worth $97.6 million in 2005. In 2004, the estimated number of hogs and pigs was 22,000, worth $3.5 million. Poultry farms produced an estimated 117.2 million eggs in 2003, worth $9.4 million. Most of the eggs were for domestic consumption, making eggs one of the very few farm commodities in which the state is close to being self-sufficient. Most of the state’s cattle farms are in Hawaii and Maui counties.

23 Fishing

Although expanding, Hawaii’s commercial catch remains surprisingly small. In 2004, Hawaii landings brought in 24.2 million pounds (11 million kilograms) with a value of $57.2 million. Although the port of Honolulu ranked eighth in the nation that year in catch value ($44.6 million), it was 42nd in quantity with 18.2 million pounds (8.3 million kilograms). The most valuable commercial species are swordfish and bigeye tuna. In 2001, the state had 2,814 commercial fishing boats and vessels. Sport fishing is extremely popular, with bass, bluegill, tuna, and marlin among the most sought-after varieties. In 2004, the state had 5,796 holders of sport fishing licenses.

24 Forestry

As of 2003, Hawaii had 1,748,000 acres (707,940 hectares) of forestland and water reserves, with 700,000 acres (283,500 hectares) classified as commercial timberland, most of it located on the island of Hawaii. The majority of the locally grown wood is used in the manufacture of furniture, flooring, and craft items. As the sugar industry downsizes, there is an initiative to expand the forest industry by planting trees on lands formerly planted in sugar cane.

25 Mining

The value of Hawaii’s nonfuel mineral production in 2003 was estimated to be around $74 million. Mining in the state that year consisted of crushed stone, primarily for use by the state’s construction industry, and the extraction of sand and gravel from open pits. Preliminary data for 2003 showed 600,000 metric tons of construction grade sand and gravel, were produced, along with 6.5 million metric tons of crushed stone.

26 Energy and Power

Without indigenous fossil fuels or nuclear installations, Hawaii depends on imported petroleum for about 78% of its energy needs. Coal, hydroelectric power, natural gas, windmills, geothermal energy, and sugar cane wastes contribute the rest. As of 2003, the state’s installed electrical power generating capacity totaled 2.268 million kilowatts, with total production that same year at 10.976 billion kilowatt hours. All of Hawaii’s electric power plants are privately owned.

As of 2004, Hawaii had no proven reserves of crude oil or natural gas. In 2005, the state’s two refineries had a combined crude oil distillation capacity of 147,000 barrels per day.

27 Commerce

In 2002, Hawaii’s wholesale trade sector had sales of $9.9 billion, while the retail trade sector had sales that same year of $13 billion. In 2005, Hawaii’s exports totaled $1.02 billion. Foreign imports to the state primarily come from Japan, Singapore, and Indonesia.

28 Public Finance

Hawaii’s biennial budget is the responsibility of the Department of Budget and Finance. The fiscal year runs from 1 July through 30 June. Total revenues for the 2004 fiscal year were $8.2 billion, while total expenditures were $7.856 billion. The largest general expenditures were for education ($2.48 billion), public welfare ($1.346 billion), and health ($416.2 million). The debt of the Hawaii state government at the end of fiscal year 2004 was $5.7 billion, or $4,553.24 per capita (per person).

29 Taxation

Hawaii’s per capita tax burden is one of the highest in the United States. In 2005, the state collected $4.43 billion or $3,478 per person, making the state second among the 50 states in per person tax burden, and well above the national average of $2,192. As of 1 January 2006, Hawaii had nine individual income tax brackets, ranging from 1.4% to 8.25%. The corporate income tax rate ranged from 4.4% to 6.4%.

The state general sales tax rate is 4%. Food purchased for consumption off premises (such as at home) is taxed, although an income tax credit is allowed as an offset to the sales tax on food. There are no local sales taxes, but all property taxes are local taxes. There are selective sales taxes (excises) on cigarettes, and motor fuels. Other state taxes include various license fees and stamp taxes.

General sales taxes accounted for 48.2% of all taxes collected by the state, followed by selected sales taxes at 13.8%, and individual income taxes at 31.2%. Corporate income taxes accounted for 2.8% of all taxes collected.

30 Health

In October 2005, Hawaii’s infant mortality rate was estimated at 5.6 per 1,000 live births. Death rates per 100,000 people, as of 2002, from heart disease was 201.8, followed by cancer at 156.2, cerebrovascular diseases at 65.2, chronic lower respiratory disease at 21.3, and diabetes at 16.4. The HIV-related death rate in Hawaii was 2.1 per 100,000 people. In 2004, the reported AIDS case rate was around 10.8 per 100,000 population. In 2000, about 19.7% of Hawaiians were smokers.

In 2003, Hawaii had 24 community hospitals, which together provided about 3,100 beds. In 2005, there were 725 nurses per 100,000 people. In 2004, there were 302 physicians, and 997 dentists in the state per 100,000 population. The average expense for hospital care was $1,350 per day.

Hawaii comes the closest of any state to providing universal health care coverage as the result of a 1974 law that requires employers to provide health insurance for full-time workers, and a state insurance plan for low-income, part-time workers and Medicaid recipients. About 10% of the state’s population were uninsured in 2004.

31 Housing

In 2004 there were an estimated 482,873 housing units, 427,673 of which were occupied. However, only 58.9% were owner-occupied, ranking the state at 48th out of 51 (the 50 states and the District of Columbia) in the number of homeowners. About 51.4% of all units were single-family, detached homes, while around 22% were within buildings of 20 or more units. Most units relied on electricity for heating, but about 5,476 units were equipped for solar power. It was estimated that 20,719 units were lacking telephone service, 4,972 lacked complete plumbing facilities, and 8,549 lacked complete kitchen facilities. The average household size was 2.87 people.

In 2004, a total of 9,000 privately owned housing units were authorized for construction. Median home value was at $291,576, the highest in the nation. The median monthly cost for mortgage owners was $1,648 while renters paid a median of $871 per month.

32 Education

In 2004, of all state residents 25 years of age or older, 88% had completed high school and 26.6% had completed four or more years of college.

Hawaii is the only state to have a single, unified public school system. It was founded in 1840. Total enrollment in public schools was estimated at 183,000 in fall 2003 and expected to reach 193,000 by fall 2014. Enrollment in private schools in fall 2003 was 37,228. Expenditures for public education in 2003/2004 were estimated at $1.7 billion.

As of fall 2002, there were 65,368 students enrolled in college or graduate school. As of 2005, Hawaii had 20 degree-granting institutions. The University of Hawaii maintains three campuses—Manoa (by far the largest), Hilo, and West Oahu. Private colleges include the Hawaiian campus of Brigham Young University, Chaminade University of Honolulu, and Hawaii Pacific College. There were also seven community colleges.

33 Arts

The Hawaii State Foundation on Culture and the Arts (SFCA) was founded in 1965. Ongoing programs include the Folk Arts Program (est. 1983) and the Hawaii State Art Museum, which opened in 2002 to feature artworks from the State Art Collection of the SFCA. The Hawaii Council for the Humanities was established in 1972 and has since granted over $4 million for over 500 projects in the state.

The Neal Blaisdell Center in Honolulu has a 2,100-seat theater and concert hall, an 8,400-seat arena, and art display rooms. Other performance facilities in Honolulu are the John F. Kennedy Theater at the University of Hawaii, the Waikiki Shell for outdoor concerts, and the Hawaii Opera Theater, which presents three

operas each season. The Honolulu Symphony Orchestra performs both on Oahu and on the neighboring islands. Other Oahu cultural institutions are the Honolulu Community Theater, Honolulu Theater for Youth, and Polynesian Cultural Center.

The annual Cherry Blossom Festival includes a number of Japanese cultural events presented from January through March, mostly on Oahu. The Honolulu Festival, established in 1994 as a way to encourage cultural cooperation and understanding, presents a number of art exhibits and musical performances. The Aloha Festivals, which began in 1946, now consist of over 300 events on six islands throughout the months of August and September to celebrate the music, dance, and history of the various cultures represented in the state.

34 Libraries and Museums

The Hawaii State Public Library System (HSPLS) operates as a single system with a combined book collection of over 3.1 million volumes and total circulation of 6.7 million. In 2000, the University of Hawaii library system in Honolulu had approximately 3 million volumes.

Hawaii has 42 major museums and cultural attractions. Among the most popular sites are the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor, Polynesian Cultural Center, Sea Life Park, Bernice P. Bishop Museum (specializing in Polynesian ethnology and natural history), and Honolulu Academy of Arts. Outside Oahu, the Kilauea Visitor Center (Hawaii Volcanoes National Park) and Kokee Natural History Museum (Kauai) attract the most visitors.

35 Communications

In 2004, a total of 95.4% of Hawaii’s occupied housing units had telephones. Hawaii had 12 major AM radio stations and 21 major FM stations as of 2003, as well as 10 major television stations. A total of 27,025 Internet domain names were registered in Hawaii by the year 2000. In 2003, of all Hawaiian households, 63.3% had a computer, and 55% had Internet access.

36 Press

In 2005, Hawaii had eight daily newspapers: the Honolulu Advertiser (circulation 141,341 daily, 161,325 Sunday), Honolulu Star-Bulletin (64,305 daily, 64,344 Sunday), Hawaii Tribune-Herald(18,806 daily, 22,150 Sundays), Maui News (21,478 daily, 25,938 Sundays), West Hawaii Today (12,397 daily, 15,916 Sundays), and The Garden Island (8,677 daily, 9,130 Sundays).

37 Tourism, Travel & Recreation

In 2004, there were 7 million visitor arrivals to the islands, with travel expenditures at about $10.8 billion dollars for those who arrived by air. An estimated 42% of all visitors are from other US states.

Visitors come for scuba diving, snorkeling, swimming, and sailing; for the hula, luau, lei, and other distinctive island pleasures; for the tropical climate and magnificent scenic beauty; and for a remarkable variety of recreational facilities, including 7 national parks and historic sites, 74 state parks, 626 county parks, 17 public golf courses, and 1,600 recognized surfing sites.

38 Sports

Hawaii has no major league professional sports teams. The Aloha Bowl (est. 1982) is a major college football postseason game played on Christmas Day in Aloha Stadium in Honolulu. The Hula Bowl, a postseason all-star game for college athletes, takes place in January. The Pro Bowl (the National Football League’s all-star game) is also played in Honolulu, on the weekend following the Super Bowl.

Surfing is an extremely popular sport in Hawaii, as it is the home of the Banzai Pipeline, north of Oahu. Here, the annual Duke Kahanamoku and Makaha surfing meets take place. Hawaii is also the site of an annual Professional Golfers’ Association tournament and the world-famous Ironman Triathlon competition.

The Transpac Yacht Race is held biennially from California to Honolulu. Kona is the site of the International Billfish Tournament and the Hawaii Big Game Fishing Club holds statewide tournaments each year. Football, baseball, and basketball are the leading collegiate sports. The University of Hawaii Rainbow Warriors produce the most well-known collegiate teams.

39 Famous Hawaiians

Hawaii’s best-known federal officeholder is Daniel K. Inouye (b.1924), a US senator since 1962 and the first person of Japanese ancestry ever elected to Congress. George R. Ariyoshi (b.1926), who was elected governor of Hawaii in 1974, was the first Japanese-American to serve as chief executive of a state. Commanding figures in Hawaiian history are King Kamehameha I (1758?–1819), who unified the islands through conquest, and Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli, 1813–1854), who transformed Hawaii into a constitutional monarchy. Sanford B. Dole (1844–1926) led a revolutionary movement that overthrew Queen Liliuokalani (1838–1917), and ultimately secured annexation by the United States. Honolulu-born Luther Halsey Gulick (1865–1918), along with his wife, Charlotte Vetter Gulick (b.Ohio, 1865–1928), founded the Camp Fire Girls.

Don Ho (b.1930) is a prominent Hawaiian-born entertainer; singer-actress Bette Midler (b.1945) was also born in Hawaii. Duke Kahanamoku (1889–1968) held the Olympic 100-meter free-style swimming record for almost 20 years.

40 Bibliography

BOOKS

Bristow, M. J. State Songs of America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.

Feinstein, Stephen. The Pacific States. Chicago: Raintree, 2006.

Goldberg, Jake. Hawaii. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2007.

McAuliffe, Emily. Hawaii Facts and Symbols. Rev. ed. Mankato, MN: Capstone, 2003.

Murray, Julie. Hawaii. Edina, MN: Abdo Publishing, 2006.

Thomas, William. Hawaii. Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens, 2007.

WEB SITES

Hawaii Visitors and Convention Bureau. Hawaii, the Island of Aloha. www.gohawaii.com (accessed March 1, 2007).

State of Hawaii. Ehawaiigov. pahoehoe.ehawaii. gov/portal (accessed March 1, 2007).

Hawaii

■ ARGOSY UNIVERSITY/HAWAII D-8

400 ASBTower, 1001 Bishop St.
Honolulu, HI 96813
Tel: (808)536-5555
Fax: (808)536-5505
Web Site: http://www.argosyu.edu/honolulu/

Description:

Proprietary, upper-level, coed. Founded 1994. Calendar: semesters.

■ BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY-HAWAII C-8

55-220 Kulanui St.
Laie, HI 96762-1294
Tel: (808)293-3211
Admissions: (808)293-3731
Web Site: http://www.byuh.edu/

Description:

Independent Latter-day Saints, 4-year, coed. Administratively affiliated with Brigham Young University. Awards associate and bachelor's degrees. Founded 1955. Setting: 60-acre small town campus with easy access to Honolulu. Endowment: $43.2 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $71,856. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $10,600 per student. Total enrollment: 2,486. 2,106 applied, 12% were admitted. Full-time: 2,190 students, 56% women, 44% men. Part-time: 296 students, 65% women, 35% men. Students come from 47 states and territories, 67 other countries, 39% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 0.4% black, 22% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 45% international, 25% 25 or older, 52% live on campus, 9% transferred in. Retention: 60% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Calendar: 4-4-2-2. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, freshman honors college, honors program, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study. ROTC: Army (c), Naval (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: electronic application, early admission, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: essay, high school transcript, minimum 3.0 high school GPA, resume of activities, ecclesiastical endorsement, SAT or ACT. Recommended: ACT. Required for some: recommendations. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 2/15. Notification: continuous. Preference given to Latter Day Saints Church members.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $7740 includes full-time tuition ($2760) and college room and board ($4980). Full-time tuition varies according to course load. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $187 per credit.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 49 open to all. Most popular organizations: Tonga Club, Samoa Club, Hawaiian Club, Japanese Club. Major annual events: Culture Night, Foodfest, Songfest. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour patrols, late night transport-escort service. 1,356 college housing spaces available; 1,300 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen given priority for college housing. On-campus residence required in freshman year. Options: men-only, women-only housing available. Joseph F. Smith Library plus 1 other with 321,400 books, 948,000 microform titles, 11,325 serials, 7,000 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $2.7 million. 465 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ CHAMINADE UNIVERSITY OF HONOLULU D-8

3140 Waialae Ave.
Honolulu, HI 96816-1578
Tel: (808)735-4711
Free: 800-735-3733
Admissions: (808)735-4735
Fax: (808)739-4647
E-mail: admissions@chaminade.edu
Web Site: http://www.chaminade.edu/

Description:

Independent Roman Catholic, comprehensive, coed. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1955. Setting: 62-acre urban campus. Endowment: $3.7 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $3733 per student. Total enrollment: 1,810. Faculty: 131 (82 full-time, 49 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 11:1. 904 applied, 96% were admitted. 11% from top 10% of their high school class, 35% from top quarter, 62% from top half. Full-time: 1,058 students, 69% women, 31% men. Part-time: 48 students, 79% women, 21% men. Students come from 41 states and territories, 11 other countries, 50% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 7% Hispanic, 4% black, 64% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 17% 25 or older, 10% transferred in. Retention: 69% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: security and protective services; education; business/marketing; history; psychology. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at University of Hawaii at Manoa, Brigham Young University, Hawaii Pacific University. ROTC: Army (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: essay, high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Recommended: minimum 2.25 high school GPA. Required for some: interview. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $50. Comprehensive fee: $24,340 includes full-time tuition ($14,820), mandatory fees ($140), and college room and board ($9380). College room only: $4980. Part-time tuition: $494 per credit.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 32 open to all. Most popular organizations: Lumana O Samoa (Samoan Club), Kaimi Lalakea (Hawaiian Club), Rotaract Club, Residence Hall Association, Chaminade Student Government Association. Major annual events: International Extravaganza, Campus Ministry Awakening Retreats, Club Fest. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 395 college housing spaces available; 346 were occupied in 2003-04. No special consideration for freshman housing applicants. Options: coed, women-only housing available. Sullivan Library with 78,000 books, 6,361 microform titles, 6,730 serials, 566 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $377,150. 90 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See University of Hawaii - Manoa.

■ HAWAII BUSINESS COLLEGE D-8

33 South King St., Fourth Floor
Honolulu, HI 96813-4316
Tel: (808)524-4014
Fax: (808)524-0284
Web Site: http://www.hbc.edu/

Description:

Independent, 2-year, coed. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1973. Setting: urban campus. Total enrollment: 303. 1% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 7% black, 78% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international. Core. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, advanced placement, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, external degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Option: deferred admission. Required: high school transcript. Required for some: essay, interview. Placement: Wonderlic Basic Skills Test required. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling.

Collegiate Environment:

Student-run newspaper. Most popular organizations: SCA (Student Council Association), Computer Club, Polynesian Club, SIFE. Major annual events: spring job fair, summer job fair. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. College housing not available. 1,000 books and 25 serials.

■ HAWAII COMMUNITY COLLEGE I-16

200 West Kawili St.
Hilo, HI 96720-4091
Tel: (808)974-7611
Admissions: (808)974-7661
Fax: (808)974-7692
Web Site: http://www.hawcc.hawaii.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of University of Hawaii System. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1954. Setting: small town campus. Total enrollment: 2,409. 1,163 applied, 99% were admitted. Full-time: 1,025 students, 56% women, 44% men. Part-time: 1,384 students, 70% women, 30% men. Students come from 12 states and territories, 32 other countries, 1% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 1% black, 57% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 3% international, 40% 25 or older. Calendar: semesters. ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, honors program, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, co-op programs.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Common Application, early admission. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: 8/1.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Campus security: 24-hour patrols. Option: coed housing available. 100 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ HAWAII PACIFIC UNIVERSITY D-8

1166 Fort St.
Honolulu, HI 96813-2785
Tel: (808)544-0200; (866)225-5478
Admissions: (808)544-0238
Fax: (808)544-1136
E-mail: admissions@hpu.edu
Web Site: http://www.hpu.edu/

Description:

Independent, comprehensive, coed. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees and post-master's certificates. Founded 1965. Setting: 140-acre urban campus. Endowment: $60.2 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $7.7 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4079 per student. Total enrollment: 8,046. Faculty: 612 (238 full-time, 374 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 16:1. 3,094 applied, 82% were admitted. 22% from top 10% of their high school class, 50% from top quarter, 79% from top half. Full-time: 4,240 students, 63% women, 37% men. Part-time: 2,671 students, 54% women, 46% men. Students come from 52 states and territories, 90 other countries, 25% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 7% Hispanic, 8% black, 34% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 11% international, 41% 25 or older, 10% live on campus, 14% transferred in. Retention: 66% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; health professions and related sciences; computer and information sciences. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, freshman honors college, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at Carroll College, Creighton University, Samuel Merritt College, Southern California University of Health Sciences. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, early admission, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.5 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Recommended: essay, 2 recommendations. Required for some: interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $50. Comprehensive fee: $21,080 includes full-time tuition ($11,550), mandatory fees ($80), and college room and board ($9450). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, program, and student level. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $225 per credit. Part-time tuition varies according to course load.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 80 open to all. Most popular organizations: Association of Students of HPU, Swedish Student Association, President's Hosts, Akamai Advertising, Christian Fellowship. Major annual events: Intercultural Day, Club Carnival, The Monster Ball. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 210 college housing spaces available; all were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen given priority for college housing. Option: coed housing available. Meader Library plus 2 others with 162,000 books, 325,863 microform titles, 12,000 serials, 8,700 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $2.7 million. 590 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Honolulu, the travel capital of the world and nexus of the Pacific Basin, is a cosmopolitan city of some 800,000. Its leading industries are the travel industry, agriculture, and government-related services. Positions are available for HPU students in a wide variety of fields via the university's Cooperative Education and Internship Program. Such cultural institutions as the Bishop Museum, the Honolulu Academy of Arts, and the Honolulu Symphony are located within two to four miles of the campus. Recreation facilities, most of them free, are widely available throughout Hawaii and are among the finest in the world; also among the world's finest are Hawaii's many major restaurants and hotels.

■ HAWAII THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY D-8

20 Dowsett Ave.
Honolulu, HI 96817
Tel: (808)595-4247
Fax: (808)595-4779
E-mail: icgs@hawaii.rr.com
Web Site: http://www.icgshawaii.org/

Description:

Independent interdenominational, upper-level, coed. Awards bachelor's, master's, and first professional degrees. Founded 1967. Setting: urban campus. Total enrollment: 58. Full-time: 8 students, 38% women, 63% men. Part-time: 14 students, 14% women, 86% men. Students come from 6 other countries, 0% from out-of-state, 0% Native American, 5% Hispanic, 0% black, 68% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 14% international, 23% 25 or older, 0% transferred in. Core. Calendar: semesters. ESL program, advanced placement, independent study, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Study abroad program.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $50. Tuition: $6150 full-time, $615 per course part-time. Mandatory fees: $200 full-time, $100 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load.

Collegiate Environment:

College housing not available. J. W. Cook Memorial Library with 21,182 books, 453 microform titles, 52 serials, 1,094 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. 3 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus.

■ HAWAII TOKAI INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE D-8

2241 Kapiolani Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96826-4310
Tel: (808)983-4000
Admissions: (808)983-4154
Fax: (808)983-4107
E-mail: htic@tokai.edu
Web Site: http://www.tokai.edu/

Description:

Independent, 2-year, coed. Part of Tokai University Educational System (Japan). Awards certificates, diplomas, and transfer associate degrees. Founded 1992. Setting: urban campus. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $15,000 per student. Total enrollment: 54. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 4:1. 2 applied, 100% were admitted. Full-time: 54 students, 46% women, 54% men. Students come from 3 other countries, 100% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 17% 25 or older, 60% live on campus, 0% transferred in. Retention: 83% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. ESL program, summer session for credit.

Entrance Requirements:

Option: deferred admission. Required: essay, high school transcript, interview. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: 9/1. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $50. Tuition: $375 per credit part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 5 open to all. Most popular organizations: Basketball Club, Hula Club, Martial Arts Club, Chinese and Japanese Culture Club, fishing. Major annual events: Opening Ceremony, Student Presentation Day, Graduation ceremony. Campus security: 24-hour patrols. On-campus residence required in freshman year. Option: coed housing available. The Learning Center with 7,000 books, 100 serials, 500 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $15,000. 45 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ HEALD COLLEGE-HONOLULU D-8

1500 Kapiolani Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96814-3797
Tel: (808)955-1500
Fax: (808)955-6964
Web Site: http://www.heald.edu/

Description:

Independent, 2-year, coed. Awards certificates, diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1863. Setting: urban campus. Total enrollment: 807. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 17:1. Full-time: 591 students, 59% women, 41% men. Part-time: 216 students, 71% women, 29% men. 0% from out-of-state, 0.2% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 3% black, 80% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: electronic application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, interview, COMPASS. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. College housing not available. Learning Resource Center with an OPAC.

Community Environment:

Heald is conveniently located in the Ala Moana/Kapiolani Business District just one block from the huge Ala Moana shopping, hotel, and office complex. Its location offers favorable transportation factors: Kapiolani Boulevard is a primary traffic artery that provides a direct link with both downtown and Waikiki, freeway access is excellent, and Ala Moana is a focal point of the bus system providing public transportation to all parts of the island.

■ HONOLULU COMMUNITY COLLEGE D-8

874 Dillingham Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96817-4598
Tel: (808)845-9211
Admissions: (808)845-9129
E-mail: admission@hccadb.hcc.hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://www.honolulu.hawaii.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of University of Hawaii System. Awards certificates, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1920. Setting: 20-acre urban campus. Endowment: $472,659. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $1745 per student. Total enrollment: 4,238. 1,467 applied, 83% were admitted. Full-time: 1,672 students, 41% women, 59% men. Part-time: 2,566 students, 52% women, 48% men. Students come from 36 states and territories, 39 other countries, 0.2% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 2% black, 78% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 41% 25 or older, 29% transferred in. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, co-op programs and internships. ROTC: Army (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for international applicants. Options: Common Application, early admission. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: 8/15. Notification: continuous until 8/15. Preference given to state residents.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Student-run newspaper. Major annual events: Campus Awareness Day, HCC Week. Student services: health clinic. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices. College housing not available. Honolulu Community College Library with 54,902 books, 65,679 microform titles, 1,280 serials, 858 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $476,757. 120 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See University of Hawaii - Manoa.

■ KAPIOLANI COMMUNITY COLLEGE D-8

4303 Diamond Head Rd.
Honolulu, HI 96816-4421
Tel: (808)734-9111
Admissions: (808)734-9897
Web Site: http://www.kcc.hawaii.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of University of Hawaii System. Awards certificates, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1957. Setting: 52-acre urban campus. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $1644 per student. Total enrollment: 7,174. 1,455 applied, 92% were admitted. Full-time: 2,833 students, 56% women, 44% men. Part-time: 4,341 students, 60% women, 40% men. Students come from 27 states and territories, 59 other countries, 0.2% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 1% black, 75% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 7% international, 40% 25 or older, 18% transferred in. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, self-designed majors, honors program, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at other units of the University of Hawaii System. ROTC: Army (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for nursing, health sciences, paralegal programs. Option: early admission. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: 7/1. Notification: continuous until 8/15. Preference given to state residents.

Costs Per Year:

State resident tuition: $1344 full-time, $56 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $5976 full-time, $249 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $60 full-time, $2 per credit hour part-time, $10 per term part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 19 open to all. Most popular organizations: Hawaiian Club, Phi Theta Kappa, Chinese Club, Hospitality Industry, Bayanihan. Major annual event: International Festival. Campus security: 24-hour patrols. College housing not available. Lama Library with 50,000 books and 600 serials. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $741,632. 175 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See University of Hawaii - Manoa.

■ KAUAI COMMUNITY COLLEGE B-4

3-1901 Kaumualii Hwy.
Lihue, HI 96766
Tel: (808)245-8311
Admissions: (808)245-8225
Fax: (808)245-8297
E-mail: leighton@hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://kauai.hawaii.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of University of Hawaii System. Awards certificates and transfer associate degrees. Founded 1965. Setting: 100-acre small town campus. Total enrollment: 1,210. Core. Calendar: semesters. ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for nursing, electrical installation and maintenance, electronics technology, facilities engineering programs. Options: Common Application, early admission. Recommended: high school transcript. Required for some: high school transcript. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: 8/1. Notification: continuous until 8/1. Preference given to state residents.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $0. State resident tuition: $1176 full-time, $49 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $5808 full-time, $242 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $15 full-time, $1.25 per credit part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load.

Collegiate Environment:

Choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 8 open to all. Most popular organizations: Food Service Club, Hui O Hana Po'okela (Hoper Club), Nursing Club, Phi Theta Kappa, Pamantasan Club. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: student patrols, 6-hour evening patrols by trained security personnel. College housing not available. S. W. Wilcox II Learning Resource Center plus 1 other with 51,875 books, 16,946 microform titles, 165 serials, 1,248 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. 173 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Kauai is known as the"Garden Island," offering magnificent scenery and lush vegetation, beautiful waterfalls, the spectacular Waimea Canyon, the great"hidden" valley of Kalalau, and colorful tropical plants and flowers. Airlines and boats serve the area. Honolulu is 100 nautical miles away. Industries are sugar and tourism; oceanography research and development is conducted here. Community facilities include five public libraries and many churches of all denominations. Several county beach parks and one major state park provide recreation facilities for boating, swimming, scuba diving, deepsea and surf fishing. Wild boar, goat and pheasant hunting are favorite sports.

■ LEEWARD COMMUNITY COLLEGE G-2

96-045 Ala Ike
Pearl City, HI 96782-3393
Tel: (808)455-0011
Admissions: (808)455-0219
Fax: (808)455-0471
Web Site: http://www.lcc.hawaii.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of University of Hawaii System. Awards transfer associate and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1968. Setting: 49-acre suburban campus with easy access to Honolulu. Total enrollment: 6,201. Students come from 25 states and territories, 35% 25 or older. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, honors program, independent study, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at other units of the University of Hawaii System. ROTC: Army, Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Option: early admission. Required for some: high school transcript, recommendations. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: 8/15. Notification: continuous until 8/19. Preference given to state residents.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour patrols, late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. 62,000 books, 49 microform titles, 358 serials, 1,009 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. 162 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See University of Hawaii - Manoa.

■ MAUI COMMUNITY COLLEGE E-12

310 Kaahumanu Ave.
Kahului, HI 96732
Tel: (808)984-3500
Free: 800-479-6692
Admissions: (808)984-3267
Fax: (808)242-9618
E-mail: kameda@hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://mauicc.hawaii.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of University of Hawaii System. Awards certificates, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1967. Setting: 77-acre rural campus. Total enrollment: 2,657. Full-time: 978 students, 56% women, 44% men. Part-time: 1,679 students, 65% women, 35% men. Students come from 15 other countries, 0.5% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 0.3% black, 60% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 4% international, 43% 25 or older, 75% live on campus. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, external degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Common Application, electronic application, early admission. Required for some: high school transcript. Placement: CTBS required. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling.

Collegiate Environment:

Student-run newspaper. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols. Option: coed housing available. Maui Community College Library plus 1 other with 49,812 books, 7,993 microform titles, 631 serials, 1,333 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $412,000. 487 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Kahului is an urban community on the Island of Maui enjoying an average temperature of 74.9 degrees. Both airlines and boats serve the area. The community facilities include churches of most denominations, hospital, clinic and shopping center. The pineapple and sugar industries provide work during the summer. Recreational activities are mainly surfing and swimming. The Island of Maui has three golf courses; the Maui Country Club, Royal Kaanapali Golf Course and the Waiehu Golf Course.

■ REMINGTON COLLEGE-HONOLULU CAMPUS D-8

1111 Bishop St., Ste. 400
Honolulu, HI 96813
Tel: (808)942-1000
Fax: (808)533-3064
E-mail: ken.heinemann@remingtoncollege.edu
Web Site: http://www.remingtoncollege.edu/

Description:

Proprietary, 4-year, coed.

■ TRANSPACIFIC HAWAII COLLEGE D-8

5257 Kalanianaole Hwy.
Honolulu, HI 96821-1884
Tel: (808)377-5402
Fax: (808)373-4754
E-mail: jnorris@transpacific.org
Web Site: http://www.transpacific.org/

Description:

Independent, 2-year, coed. Awards transfer associate degrees (majority of students are from outside of U.S. and participate in intensive ESL program in preparation for transfer to a 4-year institution). Founded 1977. Setting: suburban campus. Endowment: $1 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $10,000 per student. Total enrollment: 240. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 5:1. 110 applied, 89% were admitted. Full-time: 240 students, 60% women, 40% men. Students come from 3 other countries, 0% from out-of-state, 100% international, 0% 25 or older, 2% transferred in. Core. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, accelerated degree program, independent study.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Common Application, electronic application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: essay, high school transcript. Required for some: interview. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: 8/5. Preference given to students from Asia.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $50. Tuition: $16,250 full-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Student-run newspaper. Most popular organizations: Basketball Club, Volleyball Club, Hula Club, Swim Club, Surfing Club. Major annual events: Christmas party, Halloween Party, camping. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices. College housing not available. TransPacific Hawaii College Library with 606 books, 6 serials, 50 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $15,000. 41 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT HILO I-16

200 West Kawili St.
Hilo, HI 96720-4091
Tel: (808)974-7311
Free: 800-897-4456
Admissions: (808)974-7414
Fax: (808)933-0861
E-mail: uhhao@uhhadc.uhh.hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Part of University of Hawaii System. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1970. Setting: 115-acre small town campus. Endowment: $1.5 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $7.9 million. Total enrollment: 3,288. 1,470 applied, 66% were admitted. 18% from top 10% of their high school class, 46% from top quarter, 84% from top half. Students come from 48 states and territories, 40 other countries, 21% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 3% Hispanic, 1% black, 38% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 11% international, 32% 25 or older, 29% live on campus. Retention: 64% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Calendar: semesters. ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, internships. Off campus study at members of the National Student Exchange. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Recommended: minimum 3.0 high school GPA. Required for some: recommendations. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 7/1. Notification: 7/31.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $2472 full-time, $103 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8040 full-time, $335 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $132 full-time. College room and board: $5374. College room only: $2774.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 43 open to all. Most popular organizations: International Student Association, Hawaiian Leadership and Development, Delta Sigma Pi Business Fraternity, University Canoe Club, Samoan Club. Major annual events: International Night, Homecoming, Hilo Basketball Classic. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, controlled dormitory access. 620 college housing spaces available; 600 were occupied in 2003-04. No special consideration for freshman housing applicants. Option: coed housing available. Edwin H. Mookini Library with 250,000 books, 2,500 serials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $1.7 million. 600 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA D-8

2500 Campus Rd.
Honolulu, HI 96822
Tel: (808)956-8111
Free: 800-823-9771
Admissions: (808)956-8975
E-mail: ar-info@hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://www.uhm.hawaii.edu/

Description:

State-supported, university, coed. Awards bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and first professional degrees. Founded 1907. Setting: 300-acre urban campus. Endowment: $187 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $223.5 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $13,248 per student. Total enrollment: 20,644. Faculty: 1,169 (1,086 full-time, 83 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 12:1. 6,896 applied, 68% were admitted. 26% from top 10% of their high school class, 61% from top quarter, 91% from top half. Full-time: 11,857 students, 56% women, 44% men. Part-time: 2,494 students, 55% women, 45% men. Students come from 73 other countries, 20% from out-of-state, 0.4% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 1% black, 65% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 3% international, 17% 25 or older, 13% live on campus, 12% transferred in. Retention: 75% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; social sciences; education. Core. Calendar: semesters. ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at members of the National Student Exchange. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army, Air Force.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: electronic application, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.8 high school GPA, minimum SAT score of 510 for verbal, math and writing sections, SAT or ACT. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 5/1. Notification: continuous. Preference given to state residents.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $50. State resident tuition: $4320 full-time, $180 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $12,942 full-time, $508 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $193 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time, course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition varies according to class time, course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $6690. College room only: $4232. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 150 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities, local fraternities, local sororities; 1% of men are members. Most popular organizations: Associated Students of University of Hawaii, Campus Center Board, Broadcast Communication Authority, Board of Publications, Student Activities and Program Fee Board. Major annual events: All Nighter, Manoa Jams, Hawaiian Music Concerts. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 2,986 college housing spaces available; 1,738 were occupied in 2003-04. Option: coed housing available. Hamilton Library plus 6 others with 3.2 million books, 6 million microform titles, 27,328 serials, 53,383 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $21.6 million. 1,400 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII-WEST OAHU G-2

96-129 Ala Ike
Pearl City, HI 96782-3366
Tel: (808)454-4700
Admissions: (808)453-4700
E-mail: robyno@hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://www.uhwo.hawaii.edu/

Description:

State-supported, upper-level, coed. Part of University of Hawaii System. Awards bachelor's degrees. Founded 1976. Setting: small town campus with easy access to Honolulu. Total enrollment: 852. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 13:1. 436 applied, 86% were admitted. Full-time: 284 students, 67% women, 33% men. Part-time: 568 students, 71% women, 29% men. Students come from 3 other countries, 7% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 3% Hispanic, 2% black, 59% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 76% 25 or older. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: psychology; business/marketing; social sciences. Core. Calendar: semesters. Services for LD students, advanced placement, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, internships. Off campus study at Windwood Community College; University of Hawaii Centers at Maui, Kauai and West Hawaii. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army (c), Air Force (c).

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $50. State resident tuition: $2736 full-time, $114 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8784 full-time, $366 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $10 full-time, $5 per term part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: 4 open to all. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. University of Hawaii-West Oahu Library with 25,000 books, 132 serials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $245,000. 18 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX-HAWAII CAMPUS D-8

827 Fort St.
Honolulu, HI 96813-4317
Tel: (808)536-2686
Free: 800-228-7240
Admissions: (480)557-1712
Web Site: http://www.phoenix.edu/

Description:

Proprietary, comprehensive, coed. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees (courses conducted at 121 campuses and learning centers in 25 states). Setting: urban campus. Total enrollment: 1,348. Faculty: 206 (4 full-time, 202 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 6:1. 12 applied. Full-time: 907 students, 69% women, 31% men. 1% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 2% black, 23% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 23% international, 93% 25 or older. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; computer and information sciences; public administration and social services. Core. Calendar: continuous. Advanced placement, accelerated degree program, independent study, distance learning, external degree program, adult/continuing education programs, graduate courses open to undergrads.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Option: deferred admission. Required: 1 recommendation. Required for some: high school transcript. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $110. Tuition: $11,550 full-time, $385 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $560 full-time, $70 per course part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

College housing not available. University Library with an OPAC and a Web page. System-wide operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $3.2 million.

■ WINDWARD COMMUNITY COLLEGE D-8

45-720 Keaahala Rd.
Kaneohe, HI 96744-3528
Tel: (808)235-7400
Web Site: http://www.wcc.hawaii.edu/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Part of University of Hawaii System. Awards certificates, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1972. Setting: 78-acre small town campus with easy access to Honolulu. Total enrollment: 1,761. 6% from out-of-state, 32% 25 or older. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, independent study, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs. ROTC: Army (c), Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Option: early admission. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous until 8/1. Preference given to state residents.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. State resident tuition: $1176 full-time, $49 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $5808 full-time, $242 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $40 full-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 5 open to all. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. College housing not available. 70 computers available on campus for general student use. Staffed computer lab on campus.

HAWAII

STATE EDUCATION OFFICE

Dr. Barbara White, Associate Director
Office of the State Director for Career and Technical Education
University of Hawaii
Lower Campus Rd.
Lunalilo Freeway Poratble 1
Honolulu, HI 96822-2489
(808)956-7461

STATE REGULATORY INFORMATION

Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 8, Department of Education, Chapter 101 states "private trade, vocational, or technical schools shall be licensed as provided by law and shall adhere to the provisions of this chapter except as follows:

1. Schools maintained or classes conducted by employers for their own employees where no fee or tuition is charged.
2. Courses of instruction given by any fraternal society, benevolent order, or professional organization to its members and which are not operated for profit.
3. Flying schools qualified under the Federal Aviation Administration.
4. Classes conducted for less than five students at one and the same time.
5. Classes or courses of instruction which are conducted for twenty or less class sessions during any twelve month period.
6. A vocational, hobby, recreation, or health classes or courses.
7. Courses of instruction on religious subjects given under the auspices of a religious organization; or
8. Schools registered by the State department of commerce and consumer fairs."

License is defined as "a formal document issued by the Department to grant permission to operate a private school or teach a subject under specific conditions."

AIEA

Hollywood Beauty College, Inc.

99-205 Moanalua Rd., Ste. 213, Aiea, HI 96701. Cosmetology. Founded 1963. Contact: Ms. Jo, (808)486-7011, Fax: (808)486-7473, E-mail: hlywdbty@aloha.com, Web Site: http://www.hollywoodbeautycollege.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Hour. Tuition: $10,250 cosmetology; $4,500 cosmetology instructor; $3,400 nail technology (prices do not include books and supplies). Enrollment: men 5, women 78. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: NACCAS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Cosmetology (1800 Hr); Cosmetology Instructor (600 Hr); Nail Technology (350 Hr)

CAPTAIN COOK

Hawaiian Islands School of Massage

PO Box 300, Captain Cook, HI 96704-0300. Other. Founded 1984. Contact: Lynn Wind, Co-Owner/Pres., (808)323-3800, (866)928-9645, Fax: (808)323-3760, E-mail: info@hawaiianmassageschool.com, Web Site: http://hawaiianmassageschool.com; Peter Wind, Co-Owner/VP. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: Varies with program. Enrollment: men 8, women 22. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Financial aid available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Massage Therapy (550-735 Hr)

HILO

Hawaii Community College

200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720-4091. Two-Year College. Founded 1969. Contact: Raynette Haleamau-Kam, Student Services, (808)974-7611, (808)974-7657, Fax: (808)974-7692, E-mail: haleamau@hawaii.edu, hawccinf@hawaii.edu, Web Site: http://www.hawcc.hawaii.edu; Barbara Arthurs, Counselor, E-mail: arthurs@hawaii.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $1,300 in-state, $5,932 out-of-state; $820 books and supplies. Enrollment: Total 2,440. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: WASC; NLNAC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Agriculture, General (2 Yr); Automotive Technology (2 Yr); Auto Painting (2 Yr); Carpentry (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Drafting Aide (2 Yr); Early Childhood Education (2 Yr); Electrical Technology (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Food Service & Management (2 Yr); Hotel & Motel Management (1 Yr); Human Services (1 Yr); Marketing (2 Yr); Mechanics, Diesel (2 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Office Administration (2 Yr); Welding Technology (2 Yr)

United Hawaii College

139 Kapiolani St., Hilo, HI 96720. Other. Founded 1990. Contact: Paul J. Boklarewicz, VP, (808)933-0206, Fax: (808)935-4946. Private. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students not accepted. Housing available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: Total 900. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business; English As A Second Language

HONOLULU

Aisen Shiatsu School

1314 S. King St., Rm. 601, Honolulu, HI 96814. Other. Founded 1977. Contact: Mrs. Elaine Indei, Mgr., (808)596-7354, Fax: (808)593-8282, E-mail: aisen@bigplanet.com, Web Site: http://www.aisenshiatsu.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $4,800 (includes $200 registration fee). Enrollment: Total 332. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Massage Therapy (150 Hr)

American College Hawaii

1350 S. King St., Ste. 220, Honolulu, HI 96814. Trade and Technical, Business. Founded 1987. Contact: Vic Hejmadi, President, (808)946-3535, Fax: (808)942-1660, E-mail: education@americancollegehawaii.com, Web Site: http://www.americancollegehawaii.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Week. Tuition: Varies with program. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Curriculum: Hotel & Motel Management (22 Wk); Travel Agents (22 Wk)

Hawaii Business College

33 S.King St., Honolulu, HI 96813. Trade and Technical, Two-Year College. Contact: Vincent Cervantes, Dir. of Admissions, (808)524-4014, E-mail: cervantes@hbc.edu, admin@hbc.edu, Web Site: http://www.hbc.edu; Pricila Ramos, Sr. Admissions Rep., E-mail: ramosp@hbc.edu. Private. Coed. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $10,980; $1,200 books and supplies. Enrollment: Total 303. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Curriculum: Business Administration (60-90 Cr); Computer Applications (63-90 Cr); Computer Information Systems (48 Credits); Computer Networking (93 Credits); Legal Office Administration (63 Credits); Medical Administrative Assistant (60-93 Cr); Medical Assistant (66 Credits); Office Administration (60 Credits); Travel Agents (60 Credits); Travel & Tourism (90 Credits); Web Development (90 Credits)

Hawaii Institute of Hair Design

71 S. Hotel St., Honolulu, HI 96813. Barber. Founded 1942. Contact: Margaret Williams, (808)533-6596, (808)521-1858, E-mail: hihd@cchono.com, Web Site: http://hihd.net. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $5,986.29. Enrollment: men 17, women 43. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Barbering (10 Mo)

Hawaii Technology Institute

629 Pohukaina St., Honolulu, HI 96813. Contact: Scott Murakami, Provost, (808)527-2700, Web Site: http://www.hti.edu. Private. Housing not available. Term: Trisemester. Tuition: $5,700 in-state; $5,700 out-of-state. Degrees awarded: Certificate.

Heald College-Honolulu

1500 Kapiolani Blvd., Honolulu, HI 96814. Trade and Technical, Two-Year College. Founded 1917. Contact: Evelyn A. Schemmel, VP/Exec.Dir., (808)955-1500, 800-884-3253, Fax: (808)955-6964, E-mail: honoluluinfo@heald.edu, Web Site: http://www.heald.edu; Web Site: http://www.heald.edu/information_request.htm. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Housing not available. Term: Quarter. Tuition: $9,940; $1,200 books and supplies. Enrollment: men 366, women 502. Degrees awarded: Associate, Diploma. Accreditation: WASC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (72 Wk); Agribusiness; Business Administration (72 Wk); Computer Technology (48 Wk); Criminal Justice; Electronics Technology (72 Wk); Hospitality (72 Wk); Legal Assistant; Marketing & Sales; Medical Office Management (72 Wk); Office Administration (72 Wk)

Honolulu Community College

874 Dillingham Blvd., Honolulu, HI 96817. Two-Year College. Founded 1965. Contact: Ramsey Pedersen, Chancellor, (808)845-9211, Fax: (808)845-9173, E-mail: ramsey@hcc.hawaii.edu, Web Site: http://honolulu.hawaii.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Semester. Tuition: $56/credit resident; $249/credit non-resident. Enrollment: Total 4,336. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: FAA; WASC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (2 Yr); Auto Body & Fender Repair (2 Yr); Auto Mechanics (2 Yr); Aviation Maintenance Technology (2 Yr); Baking (2 Yr); Carpentry (2 Yr); Child Care & Guidance (2 Yr); Clerical, General (2 Yr); Commercial Art (2 Yr); Communications, Electronic (2 Yr); Community Aid (2 Yr); Computer Information Science (2 Yr); Cooperative Education (2 Yr); Cosmetology (2 Yr); Criminal Justice (2 Yr); Drafting, Architectural (2 Yr); Early Childhood Specialist (2 Yr); Electronics Technology (2 Yr); Engineering Technology (2 Yr); Fashion Design & Merchandising (2 Yr); Fire Science (2 Yr); Geriatric Care (2 Yr); Industrial Arts Technology (2 Yr); Machinist, Advanced (2 Yr); Machinist, General (2 Yr); Maintenance, Electrical (2 Yr); Marine Technology (2 Yr); Mathematics (2 Yr); Mechanics, Heavy Equipment (2 Yr); Plastics Technology (2 Yr); Police Science (2 Yr); Secretarial, General (2 Yr); Sheet Metal (2 Yr); Stenography, General (2 Yr); Teacher Assistant (2 Yr); Welding Technology (2 Yr)

Honolulu School of Massage, Inc.

PO Box 240323, Honolulu, HI 96824-0323. Trade and Technical. Founded 1981. Contact: Gayle E. Volger, Director of Education & Admissions, (808)733-0000, (808)733-0003, Fax: (808)733-0045, E-mail: hsminc@vizip.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Trisemester. Tuition: $6,850 includes textbooks. Enrollment: Total 200. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Massage Therapy (180-450 Hr)

Japan-America Institute of Management Science, JAIMS

6660 Hawaii Kai Dr., Honolulu, HI 96825-1192. Business. Founded 1972. Contact: Ms. Blair M. T. Odo, Ph.D., VP for Academic Affairs, (808)395-2314, Fax: (808)396-7112, E-mail: info@jaims.org, Web Site: http://www.jaims.org; Web Site: http://www.jaims.org/About/About_Contact.html. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: $13,200-$23,450. Enrollment: Total 100. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Diploma. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business Administration; Business Communications; Business, International; Computer Technology; Health Care & Management; Information Systems; Language; Management

Kapiolani Community College

4303 Diamond Head Rd., Honolulu, HI 96816. Two-Year College. Founded 1946. Contact: John Morton, Chancellor, (808)734-9000, (808)734-9555, Fax: (808)734-9896, E-mail: kapinfo@hawaii.edu, Web Site: http://www.kcc.hawaii.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Term: Semester. Tuition: $214 per credit hour in-state; $600 per credit out-of-state. Enrollment: Total 7,174. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: AAMAE; JRCRTE; AOTA; WASC; NLNAC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Bookkeeping; Clerical, General; Cook, Short Order; Court Reporting; Culinary Occupations; Data Processing; Dental Assisting; Dietetic Technology; Food Service & Management; Hotel & Motel Management; Inhalation Therapy Technology; Legal Assistant; Marketing; Medical Assistant; Medical Laboratory Technology; Medical Record Technology; Nurses Aide; Nursing, Practical; Occupational Therapy; Radiologic Technology; Sales Management; Secretarial, General; Secretarial, Legal; Stenography, General; Word Processing

Med-Assist School of Hawaii

33 S. King St., No. 223, Honolulu, HI 96813-4316. Allied Medical. Founded 1974. Contact: Rosemary Respecio, (808)524-3363, Fax: (808)524-1562, E-mail: medassistschool@verizon.net, Web Site: http://www.medassistschool.com; Joanne Macho, E-mail: joanne.macho@verizon.net. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $7,746. Enrollment: men 8, women 140. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: ABHES. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Medical Administrative Assistant (7 Mo); Medical Assistant (9 Mo)

New York Technical Institute

1375 Dillingham Blvd., Honolulu, HI 96817. Trade and Technical. Founded 1910. Contact: Brian Hamilton, (808)841-5827, Fax: (808)841-5829, E-mail: nytih@gte.net. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Other. Tuition: Varies. Enrollment: men 83, women 1. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration (1 Yr); Auto Mechanics (1 Yr)

Remington College (Honolulu Campus)

1111 Bishop St., Ste. 400, Honolulu, HI 96813-2811. Trade and Technical, Two-Year College.(808)942-1000, Fax: (808)533-3064, Web Site: http://remingtoncollege.edu; Web Site: http://remingtoncollege.edu/contact2.php4?campus=HON. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Month. Tuition: $11,780-$31,540. Enrollment: Total 537. Degrees awarded: Diploma, Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Business, International (24 Mo); Computer Networking (24 Mo); Criminal Justice (18-24 Mo); Massage Therapy (8 Mo); Medical Assistant (24 Mo); Operations (18 Mo)

St. Francis Hospital School for X-Ray Technicians

2260 Liliha St., Honolulu, HI 96817. Allied Medical. Contact: R.D. Moore, (808)533-7441. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students not accepted. Housing not available. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Radiologic Technology

Travel Institute of the Pacific

1314 S. King St., No. 1164, Honolulu, HI 96814. Trade and Technical, Other. Founded 1975. Contact: James E. Hughes, Dir., (808)591-2708, Fax: (808)591-2709, E-mail: tip@aloha.net, Web Site: http://www.tiphawaii.com; Frank Green, Dir.. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $3,969-$14,117. Enrollment: men 51, women 199. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACCSCT. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Airline & Travel Careers (5 Mo); Culinary Arts (5 Mo); Hospitality (5 Mo); Hotel Front Desk (5 Mo); Security Training (5 Mo); Travel Agents (5 Mo)

KAHULUI

Maui Community College

310 Kaahumanu Ave., Kahului, HI 96732. Two-Year College. Founded 1965. Contact: Dr. Clyde M. Sakamoto, Chancellor, (808)984-3500, Fax: (808)244-0862, Web Site: http://www.maui.hawaii.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $47/credit resident; $242/credit non-resident. Enrollment: Total 1,070. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: WASC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (2 Yr); Agricultural Science (2 Yr); Apparel Arts (1 Yr); Auto Body & Fender Repair (2 Yr); Automotive Technology (2 Yr); Building Maintenance (1 Yr); Business Occupations (1 Yr); Carpentry (2 Yr); Electronic Engineering Technology (1 Yr); Food Service & Management (1 Yr); Hotel & Motel Management (2 Yr); Human Services (1 Yr); Nursing, Practical (1 Yr); Nursing, R.N. (2 Yr); Police Science (1 Yr); Secretarial, Administrative (1 Yr); Welding Technology (1 Yr)

KAILUA

American Institute of Massage therapy

407 Uluniu St., Ste. 204A, Kailua, HI 96734. Other. Founded 1985. Contact: Elizabeth Reveley, (808)266-2468, Fax: (808)266-2460. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Hour. Tuition: $1,750 plus tax, includes textbooks. Enrollment: Total 18. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Financial aid not available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Massage Therapy

KAMUELA

Traditional Chinese Medical College of Hawaii

PO Box 2288, Kamuela, HI 96743-2288. Other. Founded 1986. Contact: Jacqueline Hahn, Pres., (808)885-9226, (808)885-7886, Fax: (808)885-9227, E-mail: admissions@tcmch.edu, Web Site: http://www.tcmch.edu; E-mail: tcmch@tcmch.edu. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Trisemester. Tuition: $10,500; $1,125 books and supplies. Enrollment: men 10, women 20. Degrees awarded: Diploma. Accreditation: ACAOM. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Acupuncture (48 Mo); Oriental Medicine (48 Mo)

KANEOHE

Golf Academy of Hawaii

45-550 Kionaole Rd., Kaneohe, HI 96744. Trade and Technical. Founded 2005.800-342-7342, E-mail: sdga@sdgagolf.com, Web Site: http://www.sdgagolf.com; Web Site: http://www.sdgagolf.com/info_form.html. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Tuition: $9,563; $700 books and supplies. Degrees awarded: Associate. Accreditation: ACICS. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Golf Course Management (2 Yr)

Windward Community College

45-720 Keaahala Rd., Kaneohe, HI 96744-3598. Two-Year College. Contact: Angela Meixell, Chancellor, (808)235-7400, (808)235-7432, E-mail: meixell@hawaii.edu, Web Site: http://www.windward.hawaii.edu; Charles Whitten, Interim Dean of Student Services, E-mail: whitten@hawaii.edu. Public. Coed. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $1,216 in-state; $5,848 out-of-state: $820 books and supplies. Enrollment: Total 1,775. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: WASC. Curriculum: Art (21 Credits); Biological Technology (26 Credits); Business (24 Credits); Information Sciences Technology (24 Credits); Landscaping (24 Credits); Plant Science (26 Credits); Psychiatric Technology (24 Credits)

KIHEI

Maui Academy of the Healing Arts

1847 S. Kihei Rd., 103, Kihei, HI 96753. Trade and Technical. Founded 1988. Contact: John Sanderson, Principal, (808)879-4266, 888-874-4266, Fax: (808)879-4484, E-mail: john@massageschoolmaui.com, info@massageschoolmaui.com, Web Site: http://massageschoolmaui.com. Private. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Trisemester. Tuition: $1,638-$1,680 per level (trimester). Enrollment: Total 30. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Massage Therapy (600 Hr)

KILAUEA

Pacific College of Kauai - Pacific Center for Awareness and Bodywork

PO Box 672, Kilauea, HI 96754. Other. Founded 1990. Contact: Lee Joseph, (808)828-6797, Fax: (808)828-0886, E-mail: awarenessbodywork@yahoo.com, Web Site: http://awarenessandbodywork.com; Carole Madsen. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing available. Term: Other. Tuition: $6,250-$6,750 (discount for advance payment). Enrollment: Total 20. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Accreditation: NCBTMB. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Hypnotism (50-250 Hr); Massage Therapy (700 Hr)

LIHUE

Kauai Community College

3-1901 Kaumualii Hwy, Lihue, HI 96766. Two-Year College. Founded 1964. Contact: Peggy Cha, Chancellor, (808)245-8226, (808)245-8225, Fax: (808)245-8297, E-mail: chap@hawaii.edu, Web Site: http://kauai.hawaii.edu; Helen Sina, Dean of Instruction, E-mail: sina@hawaii.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $58 per credit resident; $250 per credit nonresident. Enrollment: Total 1,117. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: WASC; NLNAC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General (32-60 Cr); Auto Body & Fender Repair (14-61 Cr); Auto Mechanics (17-61 Cr); Automotive Technology (9-60 Cr); Auto Painting (9-60 Cr); Culinary Arts; Early Childhood Education; Electronics Technology; Facility Services Technology; Hospitality; Hotel & Motel Management (14-45 Cr); Liberal Arts; Medical Administrative Assistant (26 Wk); Nurses Aide; Nursing, Practical; Nursing, R.N.; Office Administration; Office Technology

MAKAWAO

Maui School of Therapeutic Massage

PO Box 1891, Makawao, HI 96768. Other. Founded 1995. Contact: Linda Sola, Dir., (808)572-1888, E-mail: info@massagemaui.com, Web Site: http://www.massagemaui.com; James Hackett, Instructor, Web Site: http://www.massagemaui.com/html/contact_us.html. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: $3,700-$3,800 depending on payment plan; $470 books and supplies. Enrollment: Total 24. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Massage Therapy (650 Hr)

PEARL CITY

Leeward Community College

96-045 Ala Ike, Pearl City, HI 96782-3393. Two-Year College. Founded 1968. Contact: Mark Silliman, Chancellor, (808)455-0228, Fax: (808)455-0471, E-mail: leeward@hawaii.edu, Web Site: http://www.lcc.hawaii.edu; E-mail: lccar@hawaii.edu. Public. Coed. HS diploma not required. Out-of-state students accepted. Housing not available. Term: Semester. Tuition: $1,300/yr. resident; $7,300/yr. non-resident. Enrollment: Total 6,060. Degrees awarded: Certificate, Associate. Accreditation: WASC. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid available. Placement service available. Handicapped facilities available. Curriculum: Accounting, General; Automotive Technology; Business Administration; Computer Aided Drafting; Computer Information Science; Digital Program Design; Drafting Technology; Drug & Alcohol Counseling; Food Service & Management; Graphic Arts; Illustration; Management; Marketing & Sales; Media Technology; Music; Office Administration; Office Technology; Television Production

WAIPAHU

Honolulu Police Department Recruit Training School

93-093 Waipahu Depot Rd., Waipahu, HI 96797. Trade and Technical. Founded 1988. Contact: Michael Tamashiro, Comdr, Training Div., (808)677-1474, Fax: (808)677-7394, E-mail: hpd@honolulupd.org, Web Site: http://www.honolulupd.org. Public. Coed. HS diploma required. Out-of-state students not accepted. Housing not available. Term: Varies with Program. Tuition: none required. Enrollment: men 86, women 12. Degrees awarded: Certificate. Approved: Vet. Admin. Financial aid not available. Placement service not available. Handicapped facilities not available. Curriculum: Police Science

Hawaii

ARGOSY UNIVERSITY/HAWAII

400 ASBTower, 1001 Bishop St.
Honolulu, HI 96813
Tel: (808)536-5555
Fax: (808)536-5505
Web Site: http://www.argosyu.edu/honolulu/
President/CEO: Jim Otten, PhD
Registrar: Heidi Ross
Financial Aid: Heidi Ross
Type: Two-Year Upper Division Sex: Coed Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester % Receiving Financial Aid: 43 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Professional Accreditation: APA

BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY-HAWAII

55-220 Kulanui St.
Laie, HI 96762-1294
Tel: (808)293-3211
Admissions: (808)293-3731
Web Site: http://www.byuh.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Eric B. Shumway
Registrar: Vernelle Lakatani
Admissions: Jeffrey N. Bunker
Financial Aid: Wes Duke
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Latter-day Saints; Brigham Young University Scores: 85.72% SAT V 400+; 96.43% SAT M 400+; 59. 21% ACT 18-23; 28.95% ACT 24-29 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED not accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $30. Comprehensive fee: $7740 includes full-time tuition ($2760) and college room and board ($4980). Full-time tuition varies according to course load. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Part-time tuition: $187 per credit. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Miscellaneous, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,190, PT 296 Faculty: FT 111, PT 113 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: ACT, SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 71 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 52 Library Holdings: 321,400 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates; 120 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Navy, Air Force Professional Accreditation: CSWE Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M; Cross-Country Running M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W; Water Polo M

CHAMINADE UNIVERSITY OF HONOLULU

3140 Waialae Ave.
Honolulu, HI 96816-1578
Tel: (808)735-4711
Free: 800-735-3733
Admissions: (808)735-4735
Fax: (808)739-4647
E-mail: admissions@chaminade.edu
Web Site: http://www.chaminade.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Mary Wesselkamper
Registrar: Marlene Baker
Admissions: Dr. Joy Bouey
Financial Aid: Joy Bouey
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic Scores: 90% SAT V 400+; 85% SAT M 400+; 61% ACT 18-23; 22% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 96 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. Comprehensive fee: $24,340 includes full-time tuition ($14,820), mandatory fees ($140), and college room and board ($9380). College room only: $4980. Part-time tuition: $494 per credit. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,058, PT 48, Grad 704 Faculty: FT 82, PT 49 Student-Faculty Ratio: 11:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 74 Library Holdings: 78,000 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates; 124 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: MACTE Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W; Water Polo M

HAWAII BUSINESS COLLEGE

33 South King St., Fourth Floor
Honolulu, HI 96813-4316
Tel: (808)524-4014
Fax: (808)524-0284
Web Site: http://www.hbc.edu/
President/CEO: Anne Omori
Registrar: Scot Perry
Admissions: Seira Puletasi
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $30.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 279, PT 24 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: Other Library Holdings: 1,000 Credit Hours For Degree: 90 credits, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACICS

HAWAII COMMUNITY COLLEGE

200 West Kawili St.
Hilo, HI 96720-4091
Tel: (808)974-7611
Admissions: (808)974-7661
Fax: (808)974-7692
Web Site: http://www.hawcc.hawaii.edu/
President/CEO: Sandra Sakaguchi
Registrar: David Loeding
Admissions: Tammy M. Tanaka
Financial Aid: Sheryl Lundberg-Sprague
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Hawaii System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For nursing program: High school diploma required; GED accepted Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,025, PT 1,384 Faculty: FT 130, PT 130 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates Professional Accreditation: NLN

HAWAII PACIFIC UNIVERSITY

1166 Fort St.
Honolulu, HI 96813-2785
Tel: (808)544-0200; (866)225-5478
Admissions: (808)544-0238
Fax: (808)544-1136
E-mail: admissions@hpu.edu
Web Site: http://www.hpu.edu/
President/CEO: Chatt Wright
Registrar: Kelly Nashiro-Yoshida
Admissions: Scott Stensrud
Financial Aid: Catherine Ganung
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Scores: 87% SAT V 400+; 89% SAT M 400+; 48% ACT 18-23; 30% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 82 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. Comprehensive fee: $21,080 includes full-time tuition ($11,550), mandatory fees ($80), and college room and board ($9450). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, program, and student level. Room and board charges vary according to housing facility. Part-time tuition: $225 per credit. Part-time tuition varies according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 4,240, PT 2,671, Grad 1,135 Faculty: FT 238, PT 374 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 36 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 10 Library Holdings: 162,000 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates; 124 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: CSWE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

HAWAII THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

20 Dowsett Ave.
Honolulu, HI 96817
Tel: (808)595-4247
Fax: (808)595-4779
E-mail: icgs@hawaii.rr.com
Web Site: http://www.icgshawaii.org/
President/CEO: Dr. Bong Rin Ro
Registrar: Carol White
Admissions: Jon Rawlings
Type: Two-Year Upper Division Sex: Coed Affiliation: interdenominational Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. Tuition: $6150 full-time, $615 per course part-time. Mandatory fees: $200 full-time, $100 per term part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 8, PT 14, Grad 32 Faculty: FT 3, PT 6 Student-Faculty Ratio: 8:1 % Receiving Financial Aid: 69 Library Holdings: 21,182 Credit Hours For Degree: 127 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: TACCS

HAWAII TOKAI INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

2241 Kapiolani Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96826-4310
Tel: (808)983-4000
Admissions: (808)983-4154
Fax: (808)983-4107
E-mail: htic@tokai.edu
Web Site: http://www.tokai.edu/
President/CEO: Prof. Nobuyoshi Tanaka
Registrar: Richard Crandall
Admissions: Derrick Kerr
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Tokai University Educational System (Japan) % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: September 01 Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. Tuition: $375 per credit part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 54 Faculty: FT 10, PT 14 Student-Faculty Ratio: 4:1 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 60 Library Holdings: 7,000 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates

HEALD COLLEGE-HONOLULU

1500 Kapiolani Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96814-3797
Tel: (808)955-1500
Fax: (808)955-6964
Web Site: http://www.heald.edu/
President/CEO: Evelyn A. Schemmel
Registrar: Phyllis Miyamura
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 591, PT 216 Faculty: FT 30, PT 31 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: Other Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Professional Accreditation: AAMAE

HONOLULU COMMUNITY COLLEGE

874 Dillingham Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96817-4598
Tel: (808)845-9211
Admissions: (808)845-9129
E-mail: admission@hccadb.hcc.hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://www.honolulu.hawaii.edu/
President/CEO: Ramsey Pedersen
Registrar: Geri Imai
Admissions: Charles Anderson
Financial Aid: Jannine Oyama
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Hawaii System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For cosmetology program: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,672, PT 2,566 Faculty: FT 112, PT 71 Student-Faculty Ratio: 23:1 Library Holdings: 54,902 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 60 semester hours, Associates ROTC: Army, Air Force

KAPIOLANI COMMUNITY COLLEGE

4303 Diamond Head Rd.
Honolulu, HI 96816-4421
Tel: (808)734-9111
Admissions: (808)734-9897
Web Site: http://www.kcc.hawaii.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. John Morton
Admissions: Cynthia Suzuki
Financial Aid: Coleen Araki
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Hawaii System % Accepted: 92 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission Application Deadline: July 01 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For nursing, health sciences, paralegal programs: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: State resident tuition: $1344 full-time, $56 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $5976 full-time, $249 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $60 full-time, $2 per credit hour part-time, $10 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,833, PT 4,341 Faculty: FT 200, PT 144 Library Holdings: 50,000 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AAMAE, ACF, AOTA, APTA, CARC, JRCERT, NAACLS, NLN

KAUAI COMMUNITY COLLEGE

3-1901 Kaumualii Hwy.
Lihue, HI 96766
Tel: (808)245-8311
Admissions: (808)245-8225
Fax: (808)245-8297
E-mail: leighton@hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://kauai.hawaii.edu/
President/CEO: Peggy Cha
Registrar: Leighton Oride
Admissions: Leighton Oride
Financial Aid: Frances Dinnan
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Hawaii System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required. For nursing program: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. State resident tuition: $1176 full-time, $49 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $5808 full-time, $242 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $15 full-time, $1.25 per credit part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Library Holdings: 51,875 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates Professional Accreditation: NLN

LEEWARD COMMUNITY COLLEGE

96-045 Ala Ike
Pearl City, HI 96782-3393
Tel: (808)455-0011
Admissions: (808)455-0219
Fax: (808)455-0471
Web Site: http://www.lcc.hawaii.edu/
President/CEO: Sharon Narimatsu
Registrar: Warren Mau
Admissions: Warren Mau
Financial Aid: Valerie Chun
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Hawaii System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted. For applicants 18 or over: High school diploma or equivalent not required Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 179, PT 57 Library Holdings: 62,000 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: ACF

MAUI COMMUNITY COLLEGE

310 Kaahumanu Ave.
Kahului, HI 96732
Tel: (808)984-3500
Free: 800-479-6692
Admissions: (808)984-3267
Fax: (808)242-9618
E-mail: kameda@hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://mauicc.hawaii.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Clyde Sakamoto
Registrar: Stephen Kameda
Admissions: Stephen Kameda
Financial Aid: Paula Purdy
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Hawaii System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 978, PT 1,679 Faculty: FT 89, PT 5 Exams: Other % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 75 Library Holdings: 49,812 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates Professional Accreditation: ACF, ADA, NLN

REMINGTON COLLEGE-HONOLULU CAMPUS

1111 Bishop St., Ste. 400
Honolulu, HI 96813
Tel: (808)942-1000
Fax: (808)533-3064
E-mail: ken.heinemann@remingtoncollege.edu
Web Site: http://www.remingtoncollege.edu/
President/CEO: Kenneth Heinemann
Admissions: Kenneth G. Heinemann
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Professional Accreditation: ACICS

TRANSPACIFIC HAWAII COLLEGE

5257 Kalanianaole Hwy.
Honolulu, HI 96821-1884
Tel: (808)377-5402
Fax: (808)373-4754
E-mail: jnorris@transpacific.org
Web Site: http://www.transpacific.org/
President/CEO: Dr. John Norris
Registrar: Rachel Enomoto
Admissions: Dr. John Norris
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed % Accepted: 89 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 05 Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. Tuition: $16,250 full-time. Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 240 Faculty: FT 16, PT 29 Student-Faculty Ratio: 5:1 Library Holdings: 606 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT HILO

200 West Kawili St.
Hilo, HI 96720-4091
Tel: (808)974-7311
Free: 800-897-4456
Admissions: (808)974-7414
Fax: (808)933-0861
E-mail: uhhao@uhhadc.uhh.hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Rose Y. Tseng
Registrar: Cathy Zenz
Admissions: James Cromwell
Financial Aid: Jeff R. Scofield
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Hawaii System Scores: 90% SAT V 400+; 94% SAT M 400 + Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Fee: $40.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $40. State resident tuition: $2472 full-time, $103 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8040 full-time, $335 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $132 full-time. College room and board: $5374. College room only: $2774. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 171, PT 93 Student-Faculty Ratio: 14:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 69 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 29 Library Holdings: 250,000 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 120 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Volleyball W

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA

2500 Campus Rd.
Honolulu, HI 96822
Tel: (808)956-8111
Free: 800-823-9771
Admissions: (808)956-8975
E-mail: ar-info@hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://www.uhm.hawaii.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Peter Englert
Registrar: Stuart Lau
Admissions: Janice Heu
Financial Aid: Gail C. Koki
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 97.4% SAT V 400+; 99.9% SAT M 400+; 50% ACT 18-23; 40.8% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 68 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission Application Deadline: May 01 Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. State resident tuition: $4320 full-time, $180 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $12,942 full-time, $508 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $193 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to class time, course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition varies according to class time, course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $6690. College room only: $4232. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 11,857, PT 2,494, Grad 5,653 Faculty: FT 1,086, PT 83 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 32 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 13 Library Holdings: 3,234,881 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 124 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ABET, ACEJMC, AACN, ABA, ACA, ADA, ACSP, ALA, APA, ASLHA, AALS, CEPH, CORE, CSWE, LCMEAMA, NAACLS, NASM, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running W; Football M; Golf M & W; Rugby M; Sailing M & W; Soccer W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field W; Volleyball M & W; Water Polo W

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII-WEST OAHU

96-129 Ala Ike
Pearl City, HI 96782-3366
Tel: (808)454-4700
Admissions: (808)453-4700
E-mail: robyno@hawaii.edu
Web Site: http://www.uhwo.hawaii.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. William A. Pearman
Registrar: Dan Cormony
Admissions: Robyn Oshiro
Financial Aid: Jennifer Bradley
Type: Two-Year Upper Division Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Hawaii System % Accepted: 86 Admission Plans: Preferred Admission Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $50. State resident tuition: $2736 full-time, $114 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $8784 full-time, $366 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $10 full-time, $5 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 284, PT 568 Faculty: FT 28, PT 20 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 % Receiving Financial Aid: 44 Library Holdings: 25,000 Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 120 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force

UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX-HAWAII CAMPUS

827 Fort St.
Honolulu, HI 96813-4317
Tel: (808)536-2686
Free: 800-228-7240
Admissions: (480)557-1712
Web Site: http://www.phoenix.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Laura Palmer Noone
Registrar: Tandy Elisala
Admissions: Nina Omelchanko
Financial Aid: Robert Collins
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $110.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $110. Tuition: $11,550 full-time, $385 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $560 full-time, $70 per course part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Continuous, Summer Session Not available Enrollment: FT 907, Grad 441 Faculty: FT 4, PT 202 Student-Faculty Ratio: 6:1 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates; 120 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NLN

WINDWARD COMMUNITY COLLEGE

45-720 Keaahala Rd.
Kaneohe, HI 96744-3528
Tel: (808)235-7400
Web Site: http://www.wcc.hawaii.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Angela Meixell
Registrar: Russell Chan
Admissions: Russell Chan
Financial Aid: Steven Chigawa
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: University of Hawaii System Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. State resident tuition: $1176 full-time, $49 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $5808 full-time, $242 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $40 full-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Regional Accreditation: Western Association of Schools and Colleges Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates ROTC: Army, Air Force