Marshall, Thomas H.
Marshall, Thomas H. (1893–1982) An English sociologist and professor of sociology at the London School of Economics, he is best-known for his theory of citizenship. He argued (in Class, Citizenship and Social Development, 1963) that citizenship has expanded from legal rights (such as a fair trial) in the eighteenth century, to political rights (such as voting) in the nineteenth century, to welfare rights (such as social security payments) in the twentieth century. These rights were institutionalized in law courts, parliament, and the welfare state. He developed the notion that modern societies are ‘hyphenated societies’ in The Right to Welfare and Other Essays (1981), because they are organized around the conflicting principles of welfare, class, and democracy. He also wrote an influential study of social policy (Social Policy in the Twentieth Century, 1965). His concept of citizenship continues to be influential although it has been criticized. For example, he neglected the idea of industrial democracy as a further stage in the development of citizenship rights. His account is also said to be Anglocentric and evolutionist (see M. Mann , ‘Ruling Class Strategies and Citizenship’, Sociology, 1987
). His ideas exerted a significant influence on the work of numerous distinguished sociologists, including (in the United States) Robert Merton, S. M. Lipset, and Reinhard Bendix; and (in Britain) Ralf Dahrendorf, A. H. Halsey, and David Lockwood.
). His ideas exerted a significant influence on the work of numerous distinguished sociologists, including (in the United States) Robert Merton, S. M. Lipset, and Reinhard Bendix; and (in Britain) Ralf Dahrendorf, A. H. Halsey, and David Lockwood.
More From encyclopedia.com
Ludwig Gumplowicz , Gumplowicz, Ludwig
Ludwig Gumplowicz (1838–1909), of PolishJewish parentage, was professor of public law at the University of Graz, Austria, from 187… Rights , Rights
Although ancient ethics used the concepts of property and justice, each of which presupposes something similar to the concept of a right, the… Right Wing , The term right wing originated with the seating arrangement of the French National Assembly of 1791. The royalists sat on the right side of the chamb… Human Rights , In the twentieth century the international community embraced human rights as a way to promote justice for individuals in communities around the worl… William Graham Sumner , Sumner, William Graham
Sumner, William Graham
William Graham Sumner (1840-1910) was one of the founders of the science of sociology in the United Sta… Political Sociology , In a seminal article from 1969, Giovanni Sartori drew a sharp distinction between the sociology of politics and political sociology. The sociology of…
You Might Also Like
NEARBY TERMS
Marshall, Thomas H.