Broda
BRODA
BRODA , family of rabbis in Lithuania and Slovakia (then in Hungary) from the 17th century on. ?ayyim broda, a grandson of Abraham *Broda was rabbi of Janow; his son aaron was rabbi of Kalvanÿa, Lithuania; and his son BENJAMIN (d. 1818) was appointed rabbi of Grodno in 1792 and was the last av bet din of the city. A dispute between the supporters of Broda and the adherents of Tan?um b. Eliezer led to the abolition of the office.
Benjamin's son ?ayyim wrote Torah Or ve-Derekh ?ayyim (Grodno, 1823), on the laws of ritual slaughter, and Zera ?ayyim (published by his grandson ?ayyim *Heller in 1907), the aim of which was to defend the rulings of the Shul?an Arukh against the criticisms of *Shabbetai b. Meir ha-Kohen in his Gevurot Anashim. ?ayyim engaged in halakhic correspondence with Abraham *Danzig and *Abraham Abele b. Abraham Solomon Poswoler of Vilna. One of his sons, dov ber (d. 1897), was the author of Divrei Binah (2 pts., 1888–90) on the tractate Makkot. ?ayyim's son-in-law was Israel Issar b. Mordecai Isserlin (1827–1899), who served as rabbi in Vilna. The following among his works are known: Shem Yisrael (1859, published anonymously), a commentary to the Mishnah Seder Zera'im; Ishei Yisrael (1864), novellae to the tractate Shabbat; Tosefot Yerushalayim (1871), on the Tosefta; Pit?ei Teshuvah (1875), on the Shul?an Arukh, Ora? ?ayyim. Another son-in-law of ?ayyim Broda was Eliezer b. Samuel Landau (1805–1883), who was born in Vilna and served as the head of the Brodno community. He was the author of Dammesek Eliezer (1868–70), a commentary in two parts on the expositions of *Elijah b. Solomon Zalman to the Shul?an Arukh, Ora? ?ayyim.
Other important members of the family were (1) aaron b. israel (second half of the 17th century), who compiled Otot le-Mo'adim (Grodno, 1798), a calendar for the years 5549–5624, appended to which is Nahara u-Fashta, a book on customs by ?ayyim b. Israel Broda. He also wrote Tekumah, a digest in rhymed prose of the laws of the Shul?an Arukh, of which only the section on Even ha-Ezer, Even ?iyyon be-Mishpat, was published (Shklov, 1784; complete edition by his son Nissim, Vilna, 1818). Other works have remained in manuscript; (2) ?evi hirsch b. david (d. 1820?), rabbi of Szenice, and after 1787 rabbi of Kittsee (Köpcsény), Hungary; was the author of Ere? ?evi and Te'omei ?eviyyah (pt. 1, Vienna, 1823; pt. 2, Presburg, 1846), a commentary on chapters 1–65 and 119–178 of the Shul?an Arukh, Even ha-Ezer; and Shenei Ofarim (Prague, 1825), sermons, published by his son Aaron; (3) abraham b. solomon zalman (1825–1882) was born in Ungvár (Uzhgorod) and studied in the yeshivah of Moses *Sofer in Pressburg. He lived in Kleinwardein and was rabbi of Nagyberezna from 1876 until his death. He was the author of Peri he-?ag (2 pts., 1871–76), on the laws of Passover, and Halikhot Olam (1874–75, pt. 1 (19275), ed. by I. Gruenwald), in Judeo-German on laws of daily application; (4) abraham aaron b. shalom (d. after 1860) was born in Vilna. He was the author of Beit Va'ad (1832), a selection of laws from the four parts of the Shul?an Arukh, to which was appended Beit Middot on weights and measures in the Talmud; and Bayit ha-Gadol (1838), a commentary on Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer; (5) mordecai b. nathan nata (1815–1882) was born in Nádas, Hungary, and from 1864 served as rabbi of Myjava. His ?iddushei She'elot u-Teshuvot Maharam Broda (1908) was published by his son-in-law Akiva Strasser. His son joseph, who succeeded him as chief rabbi of Myjava, perished at Auschwitz in the Holocaust.
bibliography:
S.J. Fuenn, Kiryah Ne'emanah (1860), 230; S.A. Freidenstein, Ir Gibborim (1880), 55–56; H.N. Maggid-Steinschneider, Ir Vilna (1900), 277, n. 12, 303; A. Frankl-Gruen, Geschichte der Juden in Ungarisch-Brod (1905), 47–48, 50ff.; J.J.(L.) Greenwald (Grunwald), Pe'erei ?akhmei Medinatenu (1910), 44 no. 59, 66 no. 9; idem, Ha-Yehudim be-Ungarya (1912), 76; P.Z. Schwartz, Shem ha-Gedolim me-Ere? Hagar (1913–15), see rabbis and their books; A.M. Broda, Mishpa?at Broda (1938); N. Ben-Menahem, Mi-Sifrut Yisrael be-Ungaryah (1958), 109; Yahadut Lita, 3 (1967), 26, 65.
[Josef Horovitz]