South Dakota

State of South Dakota

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: The state was formerly the southern part of Dakota Territory; dakota is a Sioux word meaning "friend" or "ally."

NICKNAME: Mount Rushmore State; the Coyote State.

CAPITAL: Pierre.

ENTERED UNION: November 2, 1889 (40th).

SONG: "Hail, South Dakota."

MOTTO: Under God the People Rule.

COAT OF ARMS: Beneath the state motto, the Missouri River winds between hills and plains; symbols representing mining (a smelting furnace and hills), commerce (a steamboat), and agriculture (a man plowing, cattle, and a field of corn) complete the scene.

FLAG: The state seal, centered on a light-blue field and encircled by a serrated sun, is surrounded by the words "South Dakota" above and "The Mount Rushmore State" below.

OFFICIAL SEAL: The words "State of South Dakota. Great Seal. 1889" encircle the arms.

BIRD: Chinese ring-necked pheasant.

FISH: Walleye.

FLOWER: American Pasque (also called the May Day flower).

TREE: Black Hills spruce.

GEM: Fairburn agate.

LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Presidents' Day, 3rd Monday in February; Memorial Day, last Monday in May; Independence Day, 4 July; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Native Americans' Day, 2nd Monday in October; Veterans' Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November; Christmas Day, 25 December.

TIME: 6 AM CST = noon GM; 5 AM MST = noon GMT.

LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENT

Situated in the western north-central United States, South Dakota ranks 16th in size among the 50 states.

The state has a total area of 77,121 sq mi (199,730 sq km), comprising 75,896 sq mi (196,715 sq km) of land and 1,164 sq mi (3,015 sq km) of inland water. Shaped roughly like a rectangle with irregular borders on the e and se, South Dakota extends about 380 mi (610 km) e-w and has a maximum n-s extension of 245 mi (394 km).

South Dakota is bordered on the n by North Dakota; on the e by Minnesota and Iowa (with the line in the ne passing through the Bois de Sioux River, Lake Traverse, and Big Stone Lake, and in the se through the Big Sioux River); on the s by Nebraska (with part of the line formed by the Missouri River and Lewis and Clark Lake); and on the w by Wyoming and Montana.

The total boundary length of South Dakota is 1,316 mi (2,118 km). The state's geographic center is in Hughes County, 8 mi (13 km) ne of Pierre. The geographic center of the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii, is at 44°58′n, 103°46′w, in Butte County, 17 mi (27 km) w of Castle Rock.

TOPOGRAPHY

The eastern two-fifths of South Dakota is prairie, belonging to the Central Lowlands. The western three-fifths falls within the Missouri Plateau, part of the Great Plains region; the High Plains extend into the southern fringes of the state. The Black Hills, an extension of the Rocky Mountains, occupy the southern half of the state's western border; the mountains, which tower about 4,000 ft (1,200 m) over the neighboring plains, include Harney Peak, at 7,242 ft (2,209 m) the highest point in the state. East of the southern Black Hills are the Badlands, a barren, eroded region with extensive fossil deposits. The mean elevation of the state is approximately 2,200 ft (671 m).

South Dakota's lowest elevation, 966 ft (295 m), is at Big Stone Lake, in the northeastern corner. Flowing south and southeast, the Missouri River cuts a huge swath through the heart of South Dakota before forming part of the southeastern boundary. Tributaries of the Missouri include the Grand, Cheyenne, Bad, Moreau, and White rivers in the west and the James, Vermillion, and Big Sioux in the east. The Missouri River itself is controlled by four massive dams, Gavins Point, Ft. Randall, Big Bend, and Oahe, which provide water for irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power. Major lakes in the state include Traverse, Big Stone, Lewis and Clark, Francis Case, and Oahe.

CLIMATE

South Dakota has an interior continental climate, with hot summers, extremely cold winters, high winds, and periodic droughts. The normal January temperature is 12°f (−11°c); the normal July temperature, 74°f (23°c). The record low temperature is −58°f (−50°c), set at McIntosh on 17 February 1936; the record high, 120°f (49°c), at Gannvalley on 5 July 1936.

Normal annual precipitation averages about 25 in (63 cm) in Sioux Falls in the southeast, decreasing to less than 13 in (33 cm) in the northwest. Sioux Falls receives an average of 39.6 in (100 cm) of snow per year.

FLORA AND FAUNA

Oak, maple, beech, birch, hickory, and willow are all represented in South Dakota's forests while thickets of chokecherry, wild plum, gooseberry, and currant are found in the eastern part of the state. Pasqueflower (Anemone ludoviciana) is the state flower; other wild flowers are beardtongue, bluebell, and monkshood. No South Dakota plant species were listed as threatened or endangered as of April 2006.

Familiar native mammals are the coyote (the state animal), porcupine, raccoon, bobcat, buffalo, white-tailed and mule deer, white-tailed jackrabbit, and black-tailed prairie dog. Nearly 300 species of birds have been identified; the sage grouse, bobwhite quail, and ring-necked pheasant are leading game birds. Trout, catfish, pike, bass, and perch are fished for sport.

Nearly 50% of the North American population of Franklin's gull have stopped at the site of the Sand Lake National Wildlife Refugee, which is also considered to be the world's largest nesting site for this bird. The site also serves as a nesting area for nearly 50% of the continental duck population.

In April 2006, the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed nine South Dakota animal species (vertebrates and invertebrates) as threatened or endangered, including the American burying beetle, whooping crane, Eskimo curlew, black-footed ferret, Topeka shiner, pallid sturgeon, least tern, and bald eagle.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The mission of the Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the primary environmental agency in South Dakota, is to provide environmental services in a customer-oriented manner that promotes economic development; conserves natural resources; helps municipalities, industry, and citizens comply with regulations; and protects public health and the environment.

There are about 1.8 million acres (728,434 hectares) of wetlands in the state, accounting for about 3.6% of the land area. The Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge, a freshwater cattail marsh, was designated as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance in 1998.

In 2003, 10.3 million pounds of toxic chemicals were released in the state. In 2003, South Dakota had 39 hazardous waste sites listed in the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) database, two of which, Ellsworth Air Force Base and Gilt Edge Mine, were on the National Priorities List as of 2006. In 2005, the EPA spent over $3 million through the Superfund program for the cleanup of hazardous waste sites in the state. The same year, federal EPA grants awarded to the state included $8.2 million for the drinking water state revolving fund and $5 million for the clean water revolving fund.

POPULATION

South Dakota ranked 46th in population in the United States with an estimated total of 775,933 in 2005, an increase of 2.8% since 2000. Between 1990 and 2000, South Dakota's population grew from 696,004 to 754,844, an increase of 8.5%. The population is projected to reach 796,954 by 2015 and 801,845 by 2025.

In 2004, the median age for South Dakotans was 37. In the same year, more than 24.8% of the populace was under the age of 18 while 14.2% was age 65 or older. The population density in 2004 was 10.2 persons per sq mi, making it the fifth most sparsely populated state in the nation.

Sioux Falls proper had an estimated 2004 population of 136,695. The Sioux Falls metropolitan area had an estimated population of 203,324. The Rapid City metropolitan area had an estimated 117,487 residents.

ETHNIC GROUPS

According to the 2000 census, South Dakota's population included some 62,283 American Indians, or 8.3% of the total state population—the third-highest percentage among the 50 states. Many lived on the 5,099,000 acres (2,063,500 hectares) of Indian lands in 1982, but Rapid City also had a large Indian population. Among the state's largest reservations, with their populations as of 2000, are the Pine Ridge (15,521), Rosebud (10,469), and Cheyenne River (8,470) reservations. In 2004, 8.6% of the state's population was American Indian.

As of 2000, the black population was 4,685, up from 3,000 recorded in the 1990 census. The black population accounted for 0.8% of the state's total population in 2004. The estimated number of Asian residents was 4,378. In 2004, 0.7% of the population was Asian. Pacific Islanders numbered 261 in 2000. Of the South Dakotans who reported at least one specific ancestry in the 2000 census, 307,309 listed German, 115,292 Norwegian, 78,481 Irish, 53,2141 English, and 35,655 Dutch. In the same year, 13,495 South Dakotans—1.8% of the population—were foreign born, up from 7,731 in 1990. In 2000, the number of Hispanics and Latinos was 10,903, or 1.4% of the population. In 2004, 2% of the state's population was of Hispanic or Latino origin, and 1.2% reported origin of two or more races.

LANGUAGES

Despite hints given by such place-names as Dakota, Oahe, and Akaska, English has borrowed little from the language of the Sioux still living in South Dakota. Tepee is such a loanword, and tado (jerky) is heard near Pine Ridge. South Dakota English is transitional between the Northern and Midland dialects. Diffusion throughout the state is apparent, but many terms contrast along a curving line from the southeast to the northwest corner.

In 2000, 658,245 South Dakotans—93.5% of the resident population five years of age or older—spoke only English at home.

The following table gives selected statistics from the 2000 Census for language spoken at home by persons five years old and over. The category "Other Native North American languages" includes Apache, Cherokee, Choctaw, Dakota, Keres, Pima, and Yupik. The category "Other Slavic languages" includes Czech, Slovak, and Ukrainian. The category "African languages" includes Amharic, Ibo, Twi, Yoruba, Bantu, Swahili, and Somali. The category "Scandinavian languages" includes Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish.

RELIGIONS

The largest single denomination in the state is the Roman Catholic Church, which had 154,772 adherents, in 2004. According to 2000 data, leading Protestant denominations were the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, with 121,871 adherents; the United Methodist Church, 37,280; and the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod, 31,524. The Jewish population was estimated at 350 adherents. A few religious groups, though still relatively small in numbers, reported significant growth in membership since 1990. The Salvation Army grew from 732 members in 1990 to 2,804 in 2000, a difference of 283%. Likewise, the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel grew from 466 adherents in 1990 to 1,518 in 2000, a difference of 225%. In the 2000 survey, about 242,950 people (32.3% of the population) were not counted as members of any religious organization. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reported a membership of about 8,957 adherents in 32 congregations in 2006.

TRANSPORTATION

In 2003, a total of 1,940 mi (3,123 km) of railroad track was operated in South Dakota by nine railroads. The Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) and Soo Line were the state's two Class I rail-roads, operating a combined total of 937 mi (1,508 km) of track that same year. The remaining track was operated by nine other regional, local, or switching and terminal railroads. Freight was primarily coal and petroleum gas (terminating), and agricultural products (originating). As of 2006, there was no Amtrak passenger service in the state.

Public highways, streets, and roads covered 83,574 mi (134,554 km) in 2004 when the state had some 863,000 registered motor vehicles and 563,298 licensed drivers. In 2005, South Dakota had a total of 193 public and private-use aviation-related facilities. This included 159 airports, 33 heliports and one seaplane base. Joe Foss Field at Sioux Falls is the state's most active airport, with 333,338 passenger enplanements in 2004. South Dakota had 75 mi (120 km) of navigable inland waterways.

HISTORY

People have lived in what is now South Dakota for at least 25,000 years. The original inhabitants, who hunted in the northern Great Plains until about 5000 bc, were the first of a succession of nomadic groups, followed by a society of semisedentary mound builders. After them came the prehistoric forebears of the modern riverine groups—Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara—who were found gathering, hunting, farming, and fishing along the upper Missouri River by the first European immigrants. These groups faced no challenge until the Sioux, driven from the Minnesota woodlands, began to move westward during the second quarter of the 18th century, expelling all other Native American groups form South Dakota by the mid-1830s.

Significant European penetration of South Dakota followed the Lewis and Clark expedition of 1804–06. White men came to assert US sovereignty, to negotiate Indian treaties, to "save Indian souls," and to traffic in hides and furs. Among the most important early merchants were Manuel Lisa, who pressed up the Missouri from St. Louis, and Pierre Chouteau Jr., whose offices in St. Louis dominated trade on both the upper Mississippi and upper Missouri rivers from 1825 until his death in 1865, by which time all major sources of hides and furs were exhausted, negotiations for Indian land titles were in progress, and surveyors were preparing ceded territories for non-Indian settlers.

The Dakota Territory, which included much of present-day Wyoming and Montana as well as North and south Dakota, was established in 1861, with headquarters first at Yankton (1861–83) and later at Bismarck (1883–89). The territory was reduced to just the Dakotas in 1868; six years later, a gold rush brought thousands of prospectors and settlers to the Black Hills. South Dakota emerged as a state in 1889, with the capital in Pierre. Included within the state were nine Indian reservations, established, after protracted negotiations and three wars with the Sioux, by Indian Office personnel. Five reservations were established west of the Missouri for the Teton and Yanktonai Sioux, and four reserves east of the Missouri for the Yankton and several Isanti Sioux tribes. Sovereignty was thus divided among Indian agents, state officials, and tribal leaders, a division that did not always make for efficient government. Through the late 19th and early 20th centuries, South Dakotans had limited economic opportunities, for they depended mainly on agriculture. Some 30,000 Sioux barely survived on farming and livestock production, supplemented by irregular government jobs and off-reservation employment. The 500,000 non-Indians lived mainly off cattle-feeding enterprises and small grain sales east of the Missouri, mineral production (especially gold) in the Black Hills, and various service industries at urban centers throughout South Dakota.

The period after World War I saw extensive road building, the establishment of a tourist industry, and efforts to subdue and harness the waters of the Missouri. Like other Americans, South Dakotans were helped through the drought and depression of the 1930s by federal aid. Non-Indians were assisted by food relief, various work-relief programs, and crop-marketing plans, while Indians enjoyed an array of federal programs often called the "Indian New Deal." The economic revival brought about by World War II persisted into the postwar era. Rural whites benefited from the mechanization of agriculture, dam construction along the Missouri, rural electrification, and arid-land reclamation. Federal programs were organized for reservation Indians, relocating them in urban centers where industrial jobs were available, establishing light industries in areas already heavily populated by Indians, and improving education and occupational opportunities on reservations.

Meanwhile, the Sioux continued to bring their historic grievances to public attention. For 70 days in 1973, some 200 armed Indians occupied Wounded Knee, on the Pine Ridge Reservation, where hundreds of Sioux had been killed by US cavalry 83 years earlier. In 1980, reviewing one of several land claims brought by the Sioux, the US Supreme Court upheld compensation of $105 million for land in the Black Hills taken from the Indians by the federal government in 1877. But members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) opposed this settlement and demanded the return of the Black Hills to the Sioux. The economic plight of South Dakota's Indians worsened during the 1980s after the federal government reduced job training programs, and conditions on reservations remained bad in the 1990s, with unemployment in some cases as high as 70%. By 2005, unemployment on the Pine Ridge Reservation, the nation's second-largest, hovered at 80%; life ex- pectancy for men was 48, and 52 for women. The alcoholism rate is the highest in the nation.

In sharp contrast, the state economy as a whole showed strength under the direction of Republican Governor William Janklow, elected in 1978 and reelected in 1982 and, after an eight-year hiatus, in 1994. Janklow, noted for his strong opposition to Indian claims, developed the state's water resources, revived railroad transportation, and attracted new industry to South Dakota, including Citicorp, the largest bank-holding company in the United States, which set up a credit-card operation in Sioux Falls and bought controlling interest in the American State Bank of Rapid City. In the 1990s, farm income had risen; record corn and soybean yields were reported in 1994, in spite of major flooding the year before that resulted in parts of the state being declared disaster areas. Manufacturing also prospered, expanding by up to 10% each year in the early 1990s. Legalized casino gambling has become an important source of government revenue since it was authorized in 1989.

Although the state had budget problems in the early 2000s, they were not as severe as other states. Republican Governor Mike Rounds, elected in 2002, asked legislators in 2003 to increase state aid to schools by $15 million and to create a prescription drug program. He planned a full-scale review of the state department of education. By 2004, Rounds had passed a balanced state budget; reduced the structural deficit from $28 to $20 million; increased state aid for local public schools and public universities; created the Homestake Underground Laboratory project; and created a program to give sales tax on food relief to individuals within 150% of the poverty level.

In the early 2000s South Dakota was experiencing severe drought conditions; damaging drought conditions have ruined crops, kept grass from growing, and led ranchers to sell off their cattle. The Great Plains states by 2005 were projected to face wide-spread drought in the coming decades.

STATE GOVERNMENT

South Dakota is governed by the constitution of 1889, which had been amended 212 times by January 2005. The legislature consists of a 35-seat Senate and 70-seat House of Representatives; all members serve two-year terms. Convening every January, regular sessions are limited to 40 legislative days in odd-numbered years and 35 legislative days in even-numbered years. To run for the legislature, a person must be at least 21 years old, a US citizen, a qualified voter in their district, and must have resided in the state for at least two years prior to election. As of 2004 the legislative salary was $12,000 for two years.

Executives elected statewide are the governor and lieutenant governor (elected jointly), secretary of state, attorney general, treasurer, the commissioner for school and public lands, who are all elected for four-year terms. (Voters also elect three public utility commissioners who serve six-year terms.) A candidate for governor must be a US citizen, at least 18 years old, and have been a resident of the state for at least two years. The governor is limited to serving two consecutive terms. As of December 2004, the governor's salary was $103,222.

A bill passed by the legislature becomes law if signed by the governor, if left unsigned by the governor for five days (including Sundays) while the legislature is in session (15 days, including Sundays, if has adjourned), or if passed over the governor's veto by two-thirds of the elected members of each house. Constitutional amendments may be proposed by the legislature with a majority vote in both houses. If the amendment is approved by a majority of voters during general elections, it becomes part of the constitution. Amendments may also be proposed by initiative (by petition of 10% of total votes for governor at last election).

Voters must be US citizens, at least 18 years old, and state residents. Restrictions apply to convicted felons and those declared mentally incompetent by the court.

POLITICAL PARTIES

For the most part, South Dakota has voted Republican in presidential elections, even when native-son George McGovern was the Democratic candidate in 1972. Conservatism runs strong at the local level, although between the two world wars, populist groups gained a broad agrarian following. South Dakotans chose George Bush in 1988 and again in 1992, and in 1996 they gave Republican Bob Dole 46% of the vote. In 2000 and 2004, Republican George W. Bush received 60% of the vote to Democrat Al Gore's 38% (2000) and Democrat John Kerry's 38% (2004). In 2004 there were 502,000 registered voters. In 1998, 40% were Democratic, 48% Republican, and 12% unaffiliated or members of other parties. The state had three electoral votes in the 2004 presidential election.

In 1994 voters elected Republican William Janklow to the governor's office; Janklow had earlier served in that capacity for two terms, 1979–83 and 1983–87. He was reelected in 1998. Republican Mike Rounds was elected governor in 2002 (Janklow had reached his term limit). Janklow was elected South Dakota's US Representative in 2002, but was convicted of second-degree manslaughter for his involvement in a fatal accident with a motorcyclist. In 2004, Democrat Stephanie Herseth won election to represent the state in the US House of Representatives.

Democrat Thomas Daschle won a third term in the Senate in 1998, but was narrowly defeated in his bid for a fourth term by Republican John Thune in 2004. In 1996, South Dakota's US representative,

Democrat Tim Johnson, won the US Senate seat of Larry Pressler, who was seeking a fourth term; Johnson won re-election in 2002. There were 25 Republicans and 10 Democrats in the state Senate, and 46 Republicans and 19 Democrats in the state House in mid-2005.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

As of 2005, South Dakota had 66 counties, 308 municipal governments, 176 public school districts, and 376 special districts, most of them concerned with agricultural issues such as soil conservation. Typical county officials include a treasurer, auditor, state's attorney, sheriff, register of deeds, and clerk of courts. In 2002, there were 940 townships.

In 2005, local government accounted for about 30,149 full-time (or equivalent) employment positions.

STATE SERVICES

To address the continuing threat of terrorism and to work with the federal Department of Homeland Security, homeland security in South Dakota operates under the authority of the governor; a homeland security director is appointed to oversee the state's homeland security activities.

The Department of Education oversees all elementary, secondary, and vocational education programs. The Board of Regents oversees the higher education system.

The Department of Social Services administers a variety of welfare programs, the Department of Labor aids the unemployed and underemployed, and the Department of Human Services serves disabled South Dakotans. Special agencies within the executive branch include the Office of Tribal Government Relations, the Office of Economic Development, and the State Energy Office.

JUDICIAL SYSTEM

South Dakota has a supreme court with five justices, and eight circuit courts with 167 judges. All are elected on a nonpartisan ballot with staggered eight-year terms.

As of 31 December 2004, a total of 3,095 prisoners were held in South Dakota's state and federal prisons, an increase from 3,026 of 2.3% from the previous year. As of year-end 2004, a total of 292 inmates were female, up from 269 or 8.6% from the year before. Among sentenced prisoners (one year or more), South Dakota had an incarceration rate of 399 per 100,000 population in 2004.

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, South Dakota in 2004, had a violent crime rate (murder/nonnegligent manslaughter; forcible rape; robbery; aggravated assault) of 171.5 reported incidents per 100,000 population, or a total of 1,322 reported incidents. Crimes against property (burglary; larceny/theft; and motor vehicle theft) in that same year totaled 14,905 reported incidents or 1,933.5 reported incidents per 100,000 people. Although South Dakota has a death penalty, in which lethal injection is the sole method of execution, the state has not carried out an execution since 1930, when only one inmate was executed. As of 1 January 2006, South Dakota had four inmates on death row.

In 2003, South Dakota spent $19,976,389 on homeland security, an average of $25 per state resident.

ARMED FORCES

In 2004, there were 3,698 active duty military personnel and 1,161 civilian personnel stationed in South Dakota, almost all of whom were at Ellsworth Air Force Base, near Rapid City, the state's only defense installation. South Dakota firms received more than $236 million in federal defense contracts in 2004. Defense Department payroll outlays totaled $396 million.

In 2003, 73,400 veterans were living in the state, including 9,765 from World War II; 9,865 from the Korean conflict; 21,938 from the Vietnam era; and 11,678 from the Persian Gulf War. In 2004, the Veterans Administration expended more than $299 million in pensions, medical assistance, and other major veterans' benefits.

As of 31 October 2004, the South Dakota Highway Patrol employed 150 full-time sworn officers.

MIGRATION

Since the 1930s, more people have left South Dakota than have settled in the state. Between 1940 and 1990, the net loss from migration amounted to almost 340,000. In 1980, the urban population stood at 46.4%, but had grown to equal the rural population (at 50%) by 1990. Between 1990 and 1998, South Dakota had net gains of 6,000 in domestic migration and 4,000 in international migration. In 1998, the state admitted 356 foreign immigrants. Between 1990 and 1998, the state's overall population increased 6.1%. In the period 2000–05, net international migration was 3,957 and net internal migration was −735, for a net gain of 3,222 people.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION

South Dakota participates in the Belle Fourche River Compact (with Wyoming), the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact, and the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, among other organizations; there are, in addition, boundary compacts with Minnesota and Nebraska. In fiscal year 2005, South Dakota received $1.010 billion in federal grants, an estimated $1.101 billion in fiscal year 2006, and an estimated $1.097 billion in fiscal year 2007.

ECONOMY

Agriculture has traditionally dominated South Dakota's economy. Grains and livestock have been the main farm products, and processed foods and farm equipment the leading manufactured items. However, since 1970, forty four of South Dakota's 67 counties have lost population, and for five these counties, the rate of depopulation accelerated during the 1990s. The prolonged drought affecting many western states helped to reduce the state's corn production by 10% and soybean production 6% in 2002, disrupted cattle production, and worsened the winter of 2002–2003. The historically important mining sector was contributing less than 1% of total state product in 2001. South Dakota's tax free environment was designed in part to attract high-technology, financial, and manufacturing investments during the 1990s. Manufacturing output grew at a substantial 16.9% from 1997 to 2000, but then plummeted 10% in the recession year of 2001, reducing manufacturing's share of gross state product from about 13% to 11.3%. The strongest growth in output has been in various services sectors. Coming into the 21st century (1997 to 2001), output from fi-nancial services increased 42.6%, while government services rose 29.4%, general services by 28.7% and wholesale and retail trade by 21.4%.

In 2004, South Dakota's gross state product (GSP) was $29.386 billion, of which manufacturing (durable and nondurable goods) accounted for the largest share at $3.181 billion or 10.8% of GSP, followed by health care and social assistance at $2.501 billion (8.5% of GSP), and the real estate sector at $2.237 billion (7.6% of GSP). In that same year, there were an estimated 72,949 small businesses in South Dakota. Of the 23,713 businesses that had employees, an estimated total of 22,958 or 96.8% were small companies. An estimated 1,691 new businesses were established in the state in 2004, up 26.4% from the year before. Business terminations that same year came to 2,251, up 18.5% from 2003. There were 108 business bankruptcies in 2004, down 1.8% from the previous year. In 2005, the state's personal bankruptcy (Chapter 7 and Chapter 13) filing rate was 360 filings per 100,000 people, ranking South Dakota 43rd in the nation.

INCOME

In 2005 South Dakota had a gross state product (GSP) of $31 billion which accounted for 0.3% of the nation's gross domestic product and placed the state at number 47 in highest GSP among the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, in 2004 South Dakota had a per capita personal income (PCPI) of $30,209. This ranked 32nd in the United States and was 91% of the national average of $33,050. The 1994–2004 average annual growth rate of PCPI was 4.5%. South Dakota had a total personal income (TPI) of $23,279,500,000, which ranked 47th in the United States and reflected an increase of 4.6% from 2003. The 1994–2004 average annual growth rate of TPI was 5.1%. Earnings of persons employed in South Dakota increased from $16,303,502,000 in 2003 to $17,156,459,000 in 2004, an increase of 5.2%. The 2003–04 national change was 6.3%.

The US Census Bureau reports that the three-year average median household income for 2002–04 in 2004 dollars was $40,518 compared to a national average of $44,473. During the same period an estimated 12.5% of the population was below the poverty line as compared to 12.4% nationwide.

LABOR

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), in April 2006 the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force in South Dakota 432,500, with approximately 13,000 workers unemployed, yielding an unemployment rate of 3%, compared to the national average of 4.7% for the same period. Preliminary data for the same period placed nonfarm employment at 398,700. Since the beginning of the BLS data series in 1976, the highest unemployment rate recorded in South Dakota was 5.9% in October 1982. The historical low was 2.4% in March 2000. Preliminary nonfarm employment data by occupation for April 2006 showed that approximately 5.7% of the labor force was employed in construction; 10.4% in manufacturing; 19.9% in trade, transportation, and public utilities; 7.3% in financial activities; 14.7% in education and health services; 10.7% in leisure and hospitality services; and 18.9% in government. Data were unavailable for professional and business services.

The US Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that in 2005, a total of 21,000 of South Dakota's 350,000 employed wage and salary workers were formal members of a union. This represented 5.9% of those so employed, down slightly from 6% in 2004, and below the national average of 12%. Overall in 2005, a total of 29,000 workers (8.2%) in South Dakota were covered by a union or employee association contract, which includes those workers who reported no union affiliation. South Dakota is one of 22 states with a right-to-work law.

As of 1 March 2006, South Dakota had a state-mandated minimum wage rate of $5.15 per hour. In 2004, women in the state accounted for 48% of the employed civilian labor force.

AGRICULTURE

South Dakota ranked 19th among the 50 states in 2005 in agricultural income, with receipts of $4.8 billion. In 2004 there were an estimated 31,600 farms and ranches in the state, covering about 43.8 million acres (17.7 million hectares).

Leading crops and their values during 2004 were hay, 6.87 million tons, $421.2 million; wheat, 128.6 million bushels, $416.9 million; corn for grain, 539.5 million bushels, $890.2 million; soybeans, 140.1 million bushels, $693.4 million; oats, 13.9 million bushels, $18.8 million; and barley, 3.1 million bushels, $6.3 million. In 2004, South Dakota ranked fifth among states in hay production, sixth in corn for grain as well as wheat, and seventh in grain sorghum.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

The livestock industry is of great importance in South Dakota, particularly in the High Plains. In 2005 the state had an estimated 3.7 million cattle and calves, valued at around $3.8 billion. During 2004, there were 1.3 million hogs and pigs, valued at $146.3 million. In 2003 the state produced 30.1 million lb (13.7 million kg) of sheep and lambs, 152.7 million lb (69.4 million kg) of turkeys, 761 million eggs, and 1.7 million lb (0.8 million kg) of chickens. Dairy farmers produced nearly 1.33 billion lb (0.6 billion kg) of milk from around 82,000 milk cows in the same year.

FISHING

Virtually all fishing is recreational. The state manages the maintenance of 5 million angler days of recreation per year. In 2004, South Dakota issued 206,349 sport fishing licenses. The D.C. Booth Historic National Fish Hatchery, established in 1896 (formerly Spearfish National Fish Hatchery), is one of the oldest operating hatcheries in the country. The facility primarily produces trout to stock the Black Hills region of the state. The Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery raises endangered pallid sturgeon and paddlefish. There are four state hatcheries.

FORESTRY

In terms of geography and forests, east meets west in South Dakota in a rather dramatic way. The Prairie Plains in the east gradually give way to the grasslands of the Great Plains in the west as elevation increases by some 1,500 ft (450 m) between the Minnesota border and Rapid City.

The forests in the Plains regions are primarily associated with water-reservoirs, lakes, and the dominating Missouri River and its major tributaries such as the Cheyenne, Big White, Moreau, Grand, and Bad rivers. Collectively these forests make up only 10% of the total forestland in the state and consist primarily of tree species associated with the eastern hardwood forests—elm, ash, basswood, and so forth. In the far western portion of the state and spilling over into northeastern Wyoming are the Black Hills. The forests in the Black Hills and at higher elevations west of the 103rd meridian to the southeast and north of the "Hills" are typically "western," consisting principally of ponderosa pine. About 90% of the forestland in South Dakota occurs west of the 103rd meridian, and most of it is in the Black Hills. Three counties, Pennington, Lawrence, and Custer, account for most of the State's forest area, which totals roughly 1,620,000 acres (656,000 million hectares).

The public sector owns 66% of South Dakota's forestland. The Black Hills and Custer National Forests administer about 90% of the public forestland. The rest is under the jurisdiction of the State and the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM). Most of the state-owned land is in the Custer State Park. East of Rapid City the 226,300 acres (91,500 hectares) of forestland is primarily privately owned.

Nonreserved timberland is the primary component of the state's forestland and occupies 1,511,000 acres (612,000 hectares). Woodland covers an additional 23,000 acres (9,300 hectares). Of the forestland, 1% contained primarily in national parks is reserved from harvesting wood products. Ponderosa pine is the state's predominant species. The second most predominant species is the bottomland hardwood group (elm/ash).

Sawtimber stands occupy 964,700 acres (390,400 hectares), which is more than half the total forested area; 675,000 acres (273,000 hectares) of this area is found in national forests. Poletimber stands account for a fifth of the timberland base, and sapling and seedling stands account for an additional 118,700 acres (48,000 hectares) of timberland.

South Dakota's timberland is not very productive when compared to other western states. Less than one-fifth of the state's timberland has the potential to produce greater than 50 cu ft (1.42 cu m) per acre per year. However, this is not to say that the state's timberland, and in particular the Black Hills area, has not been a good timber producer. The Black Hills have, for nearly a century, been successfully producing and supplying sawlogs, fuelwood, pulpwood, posts, and poles.

MINING

According to preliminary data from the US Geological Survey (USGS), the estimated value of nonfuel mineral production by South Dakota in 2003 was $206 million, a decrease from 2002 of about 4.5%.

According to the preliminary data for 2003, by descending order of value, portland cement, construction sand and gravel, crushed stone, granite dimension stone, gypsum and common clays were the state's top nonfuel minerals. Collectively, these six commodity sectors accounted for around 81% of all nonfuel mineral output, by value. By volume, South Dakota in 2003, was the nation's second leading producer of granite dimension stone. The state also ranked fourth in mica, seventh in gold and feldspar, and 10th in dimension stone.

Preliminary data for 2003 showed that construction sand and gravel production totaled 13 million metric tons, with a value of $52.6 million, while crushed stone output that year, came to 6.7 million metric tons, with a value of $33.5 million.

Milbank Granite, a dark- to medium-red granite found in the northeastern part of the state, has been quarried continuously since 1907 and is the major source of dimension stone in the state.

ENERGY AND POWER

As of 2003, South Dakota had 72 electrical power service providers, of which 35 were publicly owned and 30 were cooperatives. Of the remainder, six were investor owned, and one was federally operated. As of that same year there were 400,234 retail customers. Of that total, 212,384 received their power from investor-owned service providers. Cooperatives accounted for 132,379 customers, while publicly owned providers had 55,453 customers. There were 18 federal customers.

Total net summer generating capability by the state's electrical generating plants in 2003 stood at 2.690 million kW, with total production that same year at 7.943 billion kWh. Of the total amount generated, 99.5% came from electric utilities, with the remainder coming from independent producers and combined heat and power service providers. The largest portion of all electric power generated, 4.276 billion kWh (53.8%), came from hydroelectric plants, with coal-fired plants in second place at 3.431 billion kWh (43.2%) and natural gas fueled plants in third at 176.024 billion kWh (2.2%). Other renewable power sources and petroleum fired plants accounted for the remaining generation.

South Dakota has very modest fossil-fuel resources. As of 2004, the state had proven crude oil reserves of under 1% of all proven US reserves, while output that same year averaged 4,000 barrels per day. Including federal offshore domains, the state that year ranked 25th (24th excluding federal offshore) in production among the 31 producing states. In 2004 South Dakota had 148 producing oil wells and accounted for less than 1% of all US production. The state has no oil refineries.

In 2004, South Dakota had 61 producing natural gas and gas condensate wells. In 2003 (the latest year for which data was available), marketed gas production (all gas produced excluding gas used for repressuring, vented and flared, and nonhydrocarbon gases removed) totaled 1.103 billion cu ft (.031 billion cu m). There was no data on the state's proven reserves of natural gas.

South Dakota also has lignite reserves of 366,100,000 tons.

INDUSTRY

According to the US Census Bureau's Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) for 2004, South Dakota's manufacturing sector covered some 11 product subsectors. The shipment value of all products manufactured in the state that same year was $12.083 billion. Of that total, computer and electronic equipment product manufacturing accounted for the largest share at $3.556 billion. It was followed by food manufacturing at $2.708 billion; miscellaneous manufacturing at $1.239 billion; machinery manufacturing at $1.104 billion; and transportation equipment manufacturing at $607.207 million.

In 2004, a total of 37,469 people in South Dakota were employed in the state's manufacturing sector, according to the ASM. Of that total, 28,628 were actual production workers. In terms of total employment, the food manufacturing industry accounted for the largest portion of all manufacturing employees at 7,257, with 6,136 actual production workers. It was followed by miscellaneous manufacturing at 4,778 employees (3,158 actual production workers); machinery manufacturing at 4,698 employees (3,369 actual production workers); fabricated metal product manufacturing at 3,537 employees (2,676 actual production workers); and computer and electronic product manufacturing with 3,262 employees (2,594 actual production workers).

ASM data for 2004 showed that South Dakota's manufacturing sector paid $1.222 billion in wages. Of that amount, the food manufacturing sector accounted for the largest share at $211.705 million. It was followed by machinery manufacturing at $176.672 million; miscellaneous manufacturing at $146.375 million; fabricated metal product manufacturing at $127.931 million; and computer and electronic product manufacturing at $107.559 million.

COMMERCE

According to the 2002 Census of Wholesale Trade, South Dakota's wholesale trade sector had sales that year totaling $7.8 billion from 1,329 establishments. Wholesalers of durable goods accounted for 690 establishments, followed by nondurable goods wholesalers at 565 and electronic markets, agents, and brokers accounting for 74 establishments. Sales by durable goods wholesalers in 2002 totaled $2.5 billion, while wholesalers of nondurable goods saw sales of $3.5 billion. Electronic markets, agents, and brokers in the wholesale trade industry had sales of $1.7 billion.

In the 2002 Census of Retail Trade, South Dakota was listed as having 4,249 retail establishments with sales of $9.6 billion. The leading types of retail businesses by number of establishments were: gasoline stations (678); motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts dealers tied with building material/garden equipment and supplies dealers (523 each); miscellaneous store retailers (522); and food and beverage stores (484). In terms of sales, motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts dealers accounted for the largest share of retail sales at $2.3 billion, followed by nonstore retailers at $1.29 billion; general merchandise stores at $1.26 billion; and gasoline stations at $1.1 billion. A total of 49,152 people were employed by the retail sector in South Dakota that year.

South Dakota's foreign exports in 2005 totaled $941.4 million, ranking the state 48th in the nation.

CONSUMER PROTECTION

The Division of Consumer Protection of the Office of the Attorney General enforces South Dakota's Deceptive Trade Practices Act, prosecutes cases of fraud and other illegal activities, and registers Charitable Solicitation organizations and Buying Clubs. Disputes are mediated between consumers and businesses. The Division also distributes consumer education materials, aids in the preparation of consumer related legislation, takes part in multi-jurisdictional actions with other state or federal law enforcement agencies, and advises consumers of complaints that are on file against specific companies.

When dealing with consumer protection issues, the state's Attorney General's Office can initiate civil and criminal proceedings; represent the state before state and federal regulatory agencies; administer consumer protection and education programs; handle formal consumer complaints; and exercise broad subpoena powers. In antitrust actions, the Attorney General's Office can act on behalf of those consumers who are incapable of acting on their own; initiate damage actions on behalf of the state in state courts; and initiate criminal proceedings. However, the state's Attorney General's Office cannot represent counties, cities and other governmental entities in recovering civil damages under state or federal law.

The offices of Division of Consumer Affairs are located in Pierre.

BANKING

As of June 2005, South Dakota had 91 insured banks, savings and loans, and saving banks, and 55 federally chartered credit unions (CUs). Excluding the CUs, the Sioux Falls market area accounted for the largest portion of the state's financial institution deposits in 2004, at $32.171 billion and ranked second in the number of financial institutions, at 32. The Sioux City market area, which includes portions of Nebraska and Iowa, ranked first in the number of financial institutions with 34, and second in deposits, at $2.051 billion. As of June 2005, CUs accounted for only 0.4% of all assets held by all financial institutions in the state, or some $1.525 billion. Banks, savings and loans, and savings banks collectively accounted for the remaining 99.6% or $433.470 billion in assets held.

Regulation of South Dakota's state-chartered banks and other state-chartered financial institutions is the responsibility of the state's Division of Banking.

INSURANCE

In 2004 there were 514,000 individual life insurance policies worth over $43.8 billion were in force in South Dakota; total value for all categories of life insurance (individual, group, and credit) was over $59.3 billion. The average coverage amount is $85,300 per policy holder. Death benefits paid that year totaled $160.8 million.

As of 2003, there were 20 property and casualty and one life and health insurance company domiciled in the state. In 2004, direct premiums for property and casualty insurance totaled over $1.4 billion. That year, there were 2,997 flood insurance policies in force in the state, with a total value of $364 million.

In 2004, 52% of state residents held employment-based health insurance policies, 9% held individual policies, and 25% were covered under Medicare and Medicaid; 12% of residents were uninsured. In 2003, employee contributions for employment-based health coverage averaged at 23% for single coverage and 27% for family coverage. The state offers an 18-month health benefits expansion program for small-firm employees in connection with the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA, 1986), a health insurance program for those who lose employment-based coverage due to termination or reduction of work hours.

In 2003, there were 627,527 auto insurance policies in effect for private passenger cars. Required minimum coverage includes bodily injury liability of up to $25,000 per individual and $20,000 for all persons injured in an accident, as well as property damage liability of $25,000. Uninsured motorist coverage is also required. In 2003, the average expenditure per vehicle for insurance coverage was $563.18, which ranked as the second-lowest average in the nation (before North Dakota).

SECURITIES

There are no securities exchanges in South Dakota. In 2005, there were 110 personal financial advisers employed in the state and 360 securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents. In 2004, there were over 12 publicly traded companies within the state, with over four NASDAQ companies (including Daktronics and HF Financial Corp), two NYSE listings (Black Hills Corp. and North Western Corp.), and one AMEX listing (The Credit Store).

PUBLIC FINANCE

The governor must submit the annual budget to the state legislature by 1 December. The fiscal year begins the following 1 July. The legislature may amend the budget at will, but the governor has a line item veto.

Fiscal year 2006 general funds were estimated at $1.0 billion for resources and $1.0 billion for expenditures. In 2004, federal government grants to South Dakota were $1.6 billion.

In the fiscal year 2007 federal budget, South Dakota was slated to receive $9.7 million in State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) funds (a 23% increase over 2006) to help provide health coverage to low-income, uninsured children who do not qualify for Medicaid. The state was also to receive $4.6 million for the HOME Investment Partnership Program to help South Dakota fund a wide range of activities that build, buy, or rehabilitate affordable housing for rent or homeownership, or provide direct rental assistance to low-income people; this was a 12% increase over fiscal year 2006. An addition $32 million was earmarked toward completion of the Mni Wiconi Rural Water Project, designed to provide a clean, reliable water supply to rural areas of South Dakota, including some of the poorest Native American communities in the country; and another $21 million (a $4 million increase over fiscal year 2006) for ongoing construction of the Lewis and Clark Regional Water System, which will bring high quality water to rural areas of South Dakota, as well as to the city of Sioux Falls.

TAXATION

In 2005, South Dakota collected $1,110 million in tax revenues or $1,430 per capita, which placed it 50th among the 50 states in per capita tax burden. The national average was $2,192 per capita. Sales taxes accounted for 56.0% of the total; selective sales taxes, 25.4%; corporate income taxes, 4.4%; and other taxes, 14.1%.

As of 1 January 2006, South Dakota had no state income tax, a distinction it shared with Wyoming, Washington, Nevada, Florida, Texas and Alaska.

In 2004, local property taxes amounted to $705,183,000, or $915 per capita. South Dakota has no state level property taxes. The per capita amount ranks the state 32nd nationally.

South Dakota taxes retail sales at a rate of 4%. In addition to the state tax, local taxes on retail sales can reach as much as 2%, making for a potential total tax on retail sales of 6%. Food purchased for consumption off-premises is taxable, although an income tax credit is allowed to offset sales tax on food. The tax on cigarettes is 53 cents per pack, which ranks 37th among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. South Dakota taxes gasoline at 22 cents per gallon. This is in addition to the 18.4 cents per gallon federal tax on gasoline.

According to the Tax Foundation, for every federal tax dollar sent to Washington in 2004, South Dakota citizens received $1.49 in federal spending, which ranks the state 10th nationally.

ECONOMIC POLICY

Efforts to attract industry to South Dakota and to broaden the state's economic base are under the jurisdiction of the Governor's

Office of Economic Development. Among the advantages noted by the agency are the absence of corporate or personal income taxes, the low level of property taxes, the availability of community development corporations to finance construction of new facilities, various property tax relief measures, inventory tax exemptions, personal property tax exemptions, and a favorable labor climate in which work stoppages are few and union activity is limited by a right-to-work law. South Dakota is one of the few states to have enacted a statute of limitations on product liability—in this case, six years—a measure cited as further proof of the state's attempt to create an atmosphere conducive to manufacturing.

HEALTH

The infant mortality rate in October 2005 was estimated at 7.3 per 1,000 live births. The birth rate in 2003 was 14.4 per 1,000 population. The abortion rate stood at 5.5 per 1,000 women in 2000. In 2003, about 78.4% of pregnant woman received prenatal care beginning in the first trimester. In 2004, approximately 86% of children received routine immunizations before the age of three.

The crude death rate in 2003 was 9.3 deaths per 1,000 population. As of 2002, the death rates for major causes of death (per 100,000 resident population) were: heart disease, 254.5; cancer, 205.2; cerebrovascular diseases, 68.1; chronic lower respiratory diseases, 50.3; and diabetes, 25.6. The mortality rate from HIV infection was unavailable that year. In 2004, the reported AIDS case rate was at about 1.6 per 100,000 population, which was one of the lowest in the country. In 2002, about 58.2% of the population was considered overweight or obese. As of 2004, about 20.3% of state residents were smokers.

In 2003, South Dakota had 50 community hospitals with about 4,400 beds. There were about 103,000 patient admissions that year and 1,5 million outpatient visits. The average daily inpatient census was about 2,700 patients. The average cost per day for hospital care was $747. Also in 2003, there were about 113 certified nursing facilities in the state with 7,364 beds and an overall occupancy rate of about 92.4%. In 2004, it was estimated that about 72.1% of all state residents had received some type of dental care within the year. South Dakota had 217 physicians per 100,000 resident population in 2004 and 1,165 nurses per 100,000 in 2005. In 2004, there were a total of 345 dentists in the state.

About 16% of state residents were enrolled in Medicaid programs in 2003; 16% were enrolled in Medicare programs in 2004. Approximately 12% of the state population was uninsured in 2004. In 2003, state health care expenditures totaled $772,000.

SOCIAL WELFARE

In 2004, about 10,000 people received unemployment benefits, with the average weekly unemployment benefit at $205. In fiscal year 2005, the estimated average monthly participation in the food stamp program included about 56,095 persons (22,483 households); the average monthly benefit was about $91.33 per person. That year, the total of benefits paid through the state for the food stamp program was about $61.4 million.

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), the system of federal welfare assistance that officially replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in 1997, was reauthorized through the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. TANF is funded through federal block grants that are divided among the states based on an equation involving the number of recipients in each state. In 2004, the state TANF program had 6,000 recipients; state and federal expenditures on this TANF program totaled $19 million in fiscal year 2003.

In December 2004, Social Security benefits were paid to 139,770 South Dakota residents. This number included 90,220 retired workers, 15,560 widows and widowers, 13,960 disabled workers, 9,820 spouses, and 10,210 children. Social Security beneficiaries represented 18% of the total state population and 96.5% of the state's population age 65 and older. Retired workers received an average monthly payment of $878; widows and widowers, $859; disabled workers, $835; and spouses, $441. Payments for children of retired workers averaged $421 per month; children of deceased workers, $567; and children of disabled workers, $254. Federal Supplemental Security Income payments in December 2004 went to 12,469 South Dakota residents, averaging $353 a month. An additional $190,000 of state-administered supplemental payments were distributed to 3,641 residents.

HOUSING

In 2004, there were an estimated 342,620 housing units, of which 300,629 were occupied; 69.1% were owner-occupied. About 65.7% of all units were single-family, detached homes. Utility gas was the most common energy source for heating. It was estimated that 12,506 units lacked telephone service, 1,386 lacked complete plumbing facilities, and 1,550 lacked complete kitchen facilities. The average household had 2.47 members.

In 2004, 5,800 new privately owned housing units were authorized for construction. The median home value was $95,523. The median monthly cost for mortgage owners was $952. Renters paid a median of $493 per month. In September 2005, the state received grants of 680,000 from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for rural housing and economic development programs. For 2006, HUD allocated to the state over $6.6 million in community development block grants.

EDUCATION

As of 2004, 87.5% of South Dakotans 25 years of age or older were high school graduates, and 25.5% had four or more years of college.

The total enrollment for fall 2002 in South Dakota's public schools stood at 128,000. Of these, 87,000 attended schools from kindergarten through grade eight, and 41,000 attended high school. Approximately 84.9% of the students were white, 1.5% were black, 1.8% were Hispanic, 1% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and 10.7% were American Indian/Alaskan Native. Total enrollment was estimated at 126,000 in fall 2003 but expected to be 123,000 by fall 2014, a decline of 3.6% during the period 2002–14. Expenditures for public education in 2003/04 were estimated at $1 billion. There were 10,817 students enrolled in 95 private schools in fall 2003. Since 1969, the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has tested public school students nationwide. The resulting report, The Nation's Report Card, stated that in 2005, eighth graders in South Dakota scored 287 out of 500 in mathematics compared with the national average of 278.

As of fall 2002, there were 47,751 students enrolled in college or graduate school; minority students comprised 10.2% of total postsecondary enrollment. In 2005 South Dakota had 26 degree-granting institutions. There are eight state-supported colleges and universities, of which the largest are the University of South Dakota and South Dakota State University. The South Dakota School of the Deaf as well as the South Dakota School for the Blind and Visually Impaired are also state-supported. In addition, the state has 12 private institutions of higher education.

ARTS

The South Dakota Arts Council, located at Pierre, and the South Dakota Humanities Council, at Brookings, aid and coordinate arts and humanities activities throughout the state. In 2005, the South Dakota Arts Council and other South Dakota arts organizations received six grants totaling $665,800 from the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). In 2005, the National Endowment for the Humanities contributed $507,560 for four state projects. The state and various private sources also provided funding for the council's activities.

Artworks and handicrafts are displayed at the Dacotah Prairie Museum (Aberdeen), South Dakota Art Museum (Brookings), Sioux Indian Museum (Rapid City), Cultural Heritage Center (Pierre), and W. H. Over Museum (Vermillion). The state has nine tribal governments that present annual cultural arts events or powwows.

Symphony orchestras include the South Dakota Symphony in Sioux Falls and the Black Hills Symphony Orchestra in Rapid City. The Sioux Falls Jazz and Blues Society sponsors an annual festival, JazzFest. The annual Laura Ingalls Wilder Pageant in DeSmet includes outdoor performances as well as activities to recreate pioneer history.

LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS

In 2001, South Dakota had 126 public library systems, with a total of 145 libraries, of which there were 19 branches. For that same year, the systems had a combined total of 2,835,000 volumes of book and serial publications, and a total circulation of 4,773,000. The system also had 77,000 audio and 71,000 video items, 5,000 electronic format items (CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, and disks), and seven bookmobiles. Leading collections, each with more than 100,000 volumes, were those of South Dakota State University (Brookings), Northern State College and Alexander Mitchell Library (Aberdeen), Augustana College (Sioux Falls), the University of South Dakota (Vermillion), the South Dakota State Library (Pierre), and the Sioux Falls and Rapid City public libraries. In 2001, operating income for the state's public library system totaled $14,988,000 and included $167,000 from federal sources, and $13,825,000 from local sources.

South Dakota has 81 museums and historic sites, including the Cultural Heritage Museum (Pierre), Siouxland Heritage Museums and Delbridge Museum of Natural History (Sioux Falls), and the Shrine to Music Museum (Vermillion). Badlands National Park and Wind Cave National Park also display interesting exhibits.

COMMUNICATIONS

In 2004, 93.6% of South Dakota's occupied housing units had telephones. In addition, by June of that same year there were 382,906 mobile wireless telephone subscribers. In 2003, 62.1% of South Dakota households had a computer and 53.6% had Internet access. By June 2005, there were 61,856 high-speed lines in South Dakota, 51,283 residential and 10,573 for business. There were 65 major radio stations (21 AM, 44 FM) and 16 major television stations in 2005. Some 8,919 Internet domain names were registered in the state as of 2000.

PRESS

In 2002, South Dakota had six morning newspapers, five evening papers, and four Sunday papers. Leading newspapers included the Rapid City Journal, mornings 29,696, Sundays 34,222; and the Sioux Falls Argus Leader, mornings 53,395, Sundays 75,014.

ORGANIZATIONS

In 2006, there were over 1,345 nonprofit organizations registered within the state, of which about 828 were registered as charitable, educational, or religious organizations. There are several organizations focusing on the local and national interests of Native Americans. These include the Association of Community Tribal Schools, the Association on American Indian Affairs, and the Lakota Student Alliance. The South Dakota State Historical Society and the South Dakota Arts Council are located in Pierre. There are a number of municipal and county historical societies and art councils as well. The USA Deaf Sports Federation is based in Sioux Falls. Environmental groups include the Keep South Dakota Green Association and the South Dakota Wildlife Federation. The Evangelical Lutheran Good Samaritan Society, a nationwide service organization, is based in Sioux Falls.

TOURISM, TRAVEL, AND RECREATION

Tourism is the state's largest industry. Travelers spent an estimated $809 million in South Dakota in 2005, a 7.6% increase over 2004. The travel industry accounted for an estimated 33,100 jobs across the state that year.

Most of the state's tourist attractions lie west of the Missouri River, especially in the Black Hills region. Mt. Rushmore National Memorial consists of the heads of four US presidents—George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt—carved in granite in the mountainside. Wind Cave National Park and Jewel Cave National Monument are also in the Black Hills region. Just to the east is Badlands National Monument, consisting of fossil beds and eroded cliffs almost bare of vegetation. Visitors can also tour the childhood home of Laura Ingalls Wilder, author of the popular Little House on the Prairie series, dig for dinosaurs in the Oligocene fossil beds, follow the Lewis and Clark trail, and visit more than 100 museums and cultural centers.

SPORTS

There are no major professional sports teams in South Dakota. However, the Sioux Falls Canaries are a minor league baseball club that plays in the American Association. Sioux Falls also is home to a minor league hockey team. The University of South Dakota Coyotes and the Jackrabbits of South Dakota State both compete in the North Central Conference. Skiing and hiking are popular in the Black Hills. Other annual sporting events include the Black Hills Motorcycle Classic in Sturgis and many rodeos, including the Days of '76 in Deadwood. Former Olympic gold medalist Billy Mills and Football Hall of Famer Norm van Brocklin are among those athletes born in South Dakota.

FAMOUS SOUTH DAKOTANS

The only South Dakotan to win high elective office was Hubert H. Humphrey (1911–78), a native of Wallace who, after rising to power in Minnesota Democratic politics, served as US senator for 16 years before becoming vice president under Lyndon Johnson (1965–69).

Other outstanding federal officeholders from South Dakota were Newton Edmunds (1819–1908), second governor of the Dakota Territory; Charles Henry Burke (b.New York, 1861–1944), who as commissioner of Indian affairs improved education and health care for Native Americans; and Vermillion-born Peter Norbeck (1870–1936), a Progressive Republican leader, first while governor (1917–21) and then as US senator until his death. The son of a German-American father and a Brulé Indian mother, Benjamin Reifel (1906–1990) was the first American Indian elected to Congress from South Dakota; he later served as the last US commissioner of Indian affairs. George McGovern (b.1922) served in the US Senate from 1963 through 1980; an early opponent of the war in Viet Nam, he ran unsuccessfully as the Democratic presidential nominee in 1972.

Associated with South Dakota are several distinguished Indian leaders. Among them were Red Cloud (b.Nebraska 1822–1909), an Oglala warrior; Spotted Tail (b.Wyoming, 1833?–1881), the Brulé chief who was a commanding figure on the Rosebud Reservation; Sitting Bull (1834–90), a Hunkpapa Sioux most famous as the main leader of the Indian army that crushed George Custer's Seventh US Cavalry at the Battle of the Little Big Horn (1876) in Montana; and Crazy Horse (1849?–1877), an Oglala chief who also fought at Little Big Horn.

Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901–58), the state's only Nobel Prize winner, received the physics award in 1939 for the invention of the cyclotron. The business leader with the greatest personal influence on South Dakota's history was Pierre Chouteau Jr. (b.Missouri, 1789–1865), a fur trader after whom the state capital is named.

South Dakota artists include George Catlin (b.Pennsylvania, 1796–1872), Karl Bodmer (1809–93), Harvey Dunn (1884–1952), and Oscar Howe (1915–83). Gutzon Borglum (b.Idaho, 1871–1941) carved the faces on Mt. Rushmore. The state's two leading writers are Ole Edvart Rõlvaag (b.Norway, 1876–1931), author of Giants in the Earth and other novels, and Frederick Manfred (b.Iowa, 1912–94), a Minnesota resident who served as writer-in-residence at the University of South Dakota and has used the state as a setting for many of his novels.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Amerson, Robert. From the Hidewood: Memories of a Dakota Neighborhood. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1996.

Council of State Governments. The Book of the States, 2006 Edition. Lexington, Ky.: Council of State Governments, 2006.

Fiffer, Steve. Tyrannosaurus Sue: The Extraordinary Saga of the Largest, Most Fought Over T. Rex Ever Found. New York: W. H. Freeman, 2000.

Hasselstrom, Linda M. Feels Like Far: A Rancher's Life on the Great Plains. New York: Lyons Press, 1999.

Nelson, Paula. The Prairie Winnows Out Its Own: The West River Country of South Dakota in the Years of Depression and Dust. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1996.

Preston, Thomas. Great Plains: North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Vol. 4 in The Double Eagle Guide to 1,000 Great Western Recreation Destinations. Billings, Mont.: Discovery Publications, 2003.

Rees, Amanda (ed.). The Great Plains Region. Vol. 1 in The Greenwood Encyclopedia of American Regional Cultures. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2004.

Robertson, Paul. The Power of the Land: Identity, Ethnicity, and Class among the Oglala Lakota. New York: Routledge, 2002.

Schell, Herbert Samuel. History of South Dakota. 4th ed. Pierre: South Dakota State Historical Society Press, 2004.

Thompson, Harry F. (gen. ed.). A New South Dakota History. Sioux Falls, S.Dak.: Center for Western Studies/Augustana College, 2005.

US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Census Bureau. South Dakota, 2000. Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics: 2000 Census of Population and Housing. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 2003.

South Dakota

■ AUGUSTANA COLLEGE H-16

2001 South Summit Ave.
Sioux Falls, SD 57197
Tel: (605)274-0770
Free: 800-727-2844
Admissions: (605)274-5516
Fax: (605)274-5518
Web Site: http://www.augie.edu/

Description:

Independent, comprehensive, coed, affiliated with Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Awards bachelor's and master's degrees. Founded 1860. Setting: 100-acre urban campus. Endowment: $40.4 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $849,485. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $6910 per student. Total enrollment: 1,745. Faculty: 180 (108 full-time, 72 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 13:1. 1,544 applied, 80% were admitted. 26% from top 10% of their high school class, 58% from top quarter, 86% from top half. 2 National Merit Scholars, 34 valedictorians. Full-time: 1,621 students, 62% women, 38% men. Part-time: 93 students, 66% women, 34% men. Students come from 32 states and territories, 10 other countries, 56% from out-of-state, 0.4% Native American, 0.3% Hispanic, 1% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 5% 25 or older, 67% live on campus, 5% transferred in. Retention: 79% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: education; history; business/marketing. Core. Calendar: 4-1-4. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at 10 other colleges in the upper Midwest. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.5 high school GPA, 1 recommendation, minimum ACT score of 20, SAT or ACT. Recommended: interview. Required for some: essay. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 8/1. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $0. Comprehensive fee: $25,458 includes full-time tuition ($19,750), mandatory fees ($236), and college room and board ($5472). College room only: $2700.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 54 open to all. Most popular organizations: Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Circle K, Student Council for Exceptional Children, Habitat for Humanity, Spanish Club. Major annual events: Community Service Day, Vespers, Viking Days (Homecoming). Student services: legal services, health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 1,242 college housing spaces available; 1,107 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Option: coed housing available. Mikkelsen Library plus 1 other with 279,918 books, 31,345 microform titles, 595 serials, 8,515 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $843,654. 360 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

See University of Sioux Falls.

■ BLACK HILLS STATE UNIVERSITY F-1

1200 University St.
Spearfish, SD 57799
Tel: (605)642-6011
Free: 800-255-2478
Admissions: (605)642-6343
E-mail: jberry@mystic.bhsu.edu
Web Site: http://www.bhsu.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Part of South Dakota University System. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees and post-master's certificates. Founded 1883. Setting: 123-acre small town campus. Endowment: $7.5 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $629,401. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $3027 per student. Total enrollment: 3,846. 1,424 applied, 49% were admitted. 6% from top 10% of their high school class, 23% from top quarter, 55% from top half. Full-time: 2,533 students, 62% women, 38% men. Part-time: 1,120 students, 68% women, 32% men. Students come from 35 states and territories, 6 other countries, 19% from out-of-state, 3% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 1% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0.4% international, 28% 25 or older, 20% live on campus, 13% transferred in. Retention: 56% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at South Dakota State University. ROTC: Army.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, electronic application. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA in core curriculum, SAT or ACT. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: 7/18.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $20. State resident tuition: $2444 full-time, $76.35 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $7764 full-time, $242.60 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $2628 full-time, $82.10 per credit part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $3663. College room only: $2078. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 60 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 1% of eligible men and 1% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Student Activities Committee, student government. Major annual events: Swarm Days, Big 100 Week. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. College housing designed to accommodate 788 students; 790 undergraduates lived in college housing during 2003-04. Freshmen given priority for college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. E. Y. Berry Library-Learning Center with 310,210 books, 370,738 microform titles, 485 serials, 751 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $414,343. 220 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Spearfish, population 10,000, is in a beautiful agricultural valley at the mouth of Spearfish Canyon. There are libraries, museums, churches, hospitals, and a number of civic and service organizations in the community and surrounding area. Recreational activities include hunting, fishing, hiking, skiing, golf, and boating. The Black Hills Passion Play is presented during the summer months in a specially constructed amphitheater. Part-time employment is available.

■ COLORADO TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SIOUX FALLS CAMPUS H-16

3901 West 59th St.
Sioux Falls, SD 57108
Tel: (605)361-0200
Fax: (605)361-5954
Web Site: http://www.ctu-siouxfalls.com/

Description:

Proprietary, comprehensive, coed. Part of Colorado Technical University - Main Campus Colorado Springs, CO. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1965. Setting: 3-acre urban campus. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4950 per student. Total enrollment: 1,036. Full-time: 441 students, 61% women, 39% men. Part-time: 471 students, 58% women, 42% men. Students come from 3 states and territories, 5% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 0.5% Hispanic, 2% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 18% 25 or older, 12% transferred in. Core. Accelerated degree program, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: early admission, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, interview. Recommended: ACT. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: 4 open to all. Most popular organizations: Phi Beta Lambda, AITP, CJ Honor Society, SHRM Student Chapter. College housing not available. Resource Center with 5,787 books, 25 serials, 280 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $32,670. 55 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY G-16

820 North Washington
Madison, SD 57042-1799
Tel: (605)256-5111; 888-DSU-9988
Admissions: (605)256-5696
Fax: (605)256-5316
E-mail: amy.crissinger@dsu.edu
Web Site: http://www.dsu.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Part of South Dakota Board of Regents. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1881. Setting: 40-acre rural campus with easy access to Sioux Falls. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $40,633. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $2892 per student. Total enrollment: 2,319. Faculty: 108 (77 full-time, 31 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 17:1. 594 applied, 97% were admitted. 6% from top 10% of their high school class, 20% from top quarter, 50% from top half. 7 valedictorians. Full-time: 1,162 students, 46% women, 54% men. Part-time: 919 students, 63% women, 37% men. Students come from 14 states and territories, 2 other countries, 21% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 1% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 18% 25 or older, 34% live on campus, 7% transferred in. Retention: 69% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: computer and information sciences; business/marketing; education. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, external degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at South Dakota State University, University of Sioux Falls, University of South Dakota. Study abroad program. ROTC: Air Force (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: electronic application, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, minimum X high school GPA, rank in upper two-thirds of high school class, SAT or ACT. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $20. State resident tuition: $2382 full-time, $79 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $3573 full-time, $119 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $3317 full-time, $89 per credit hour part-time. College room and board: $3927. College room only: $1924.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 30 open to all. Most popular organizations: Business Club, band, Computer Club. Major annual events: Homecoming, Zimmfest Band Festival, Diversity Week. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: controlled dormitory access, night watchman. College housing designed to accommodate 700 students; 994 undergraduates lived in college housing during 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Karl E. Mundt Library plus 1 other with 98,156 books, 3,111 microform titles, 350 serials, 2,435 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $536,546. 398 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Dakota State University is located in the heart of the Midwest, in Madison, South Dakota, just minutes from Interstates 29 and 90, which are major highways. Two nearby lakes provide the best in outdoor recreation. In the summer, this includes water sports, fishing and camping, followed in the fall and winter by hunting, snowmobiling, cross-country skiing and more. One of South Dakota's finest state parks provides excellent facilities for all of these activities. Cultural events are provided by a local arts association, a summer theater group and through college-sponsored events. Madison is also located just an hour away from the state's largest city, Sioux Falls.

■ DAKOTA WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY H-14

1200 West University Ave.
Mitchell, SD 57301-4398
Tel: (605)995-2600
Free: 800-333-8506
Admissions: (605)995-2650
Fax: (605)995-2699
E-mail: admissions@cc.dwu.edu
Web Site: http://www.dwu.edu/

Description:

Independent United Methodist, comprehensive, coed. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1885. Setting: 50-acre small town campus. Endowment: $19.1 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4124 per student. Total enrollment: 783. Faculty: 84 (50 full-time, 34 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 12:1. 478 applied, 72% were admitted. 10% from top 10% of their high school class, 38% from top quarter, 78% from top half. Full-time: 730 students, 59% women, 41% men. Part-time: 28 students, 68% women, 32% men. Students come from 29 states and territories, 4 other countries, 25% from out-of-state, 4% Native American, 4% Hispanic, 5% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 20% 25 or older, 43% live on campus, 10% transferred in. Retention: 68% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; education; law/legal studies. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships. Off campus study. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, electronic application. Required: high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Recommended: minimum 2.0 high school GPA. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 8/28. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $21,550 includes full-time tuition ($16,650) and college room and board ($4900). College room only: $2100. Part-time tuition: $350 per credit.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 30 open to all. Most popular organizations: DWU Future Teachers Organization, Student Nurses Association, Culture Club, Human Services Club, Student Ministry Council. Major annual events: Blue and White Days, Spring Week, Family Life Conference. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices, student patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access, campus patrol from 2am to 6am by special request only. 380 college housing spaces available; 261 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Layne Library with 63,000 books, 64,670 microform titles, 721 serials, 20,900 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $367,080. 100 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Located in the James River Valley, Mitchell (population 15,000) is one of the most fertile and diversified agricultural areas in the United States. Products are corn, sorghum, small grain, cattle and hogs. Mitchell is the trading center for the surrounding counties. Community facilities include shopping areas, churches, a library, YMCA, 2 hospitals and a number of the customary civic and service organizations. Recreational activities include boating, fishing, swimming and pheasant hunting.

■ KILIAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE H-16

300 East 6th St.
Sioux Falls, SD 57103
Tel: (605)221-3100
Free: 800-888-1147
Fax: (605)336-2606
E-mail: amodrell@kilian.edu
Web Site: http://www.kilian.edu/

Description:

Independent, 2-year, coed. Awards certificates, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1977. Setting: 2-acre urban campus. Total enrollment: 538. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 8:1. 195 applied, 100% were admitted. Full-time: 108 students, 69% women, 31% men. Part-time: 430 students, 77% women, 23% men. Students come from 3 states and territories, 4% from out-of-state, 4% Native American, 3% Hispanic, 3% black, 0.2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 52% 25 or older, 6% transferred in. Core. Calendar: trimesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Tuition: $7020 full-time, $195 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $150 full-time, $50 per term part-time.

Collegiate Environment:

Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. University of Sioux Falls Mears Library with 78,000 books, 395 serials, an OPAC, and a Web page. 37 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ LAKE AREA TECHNICAL INSTITUTE D-15

230 11th St. Northeast
Watertown, SD 57201
Tel: (605)882-5284
Free: 800-657-4344
E-mail: latiinfo@lati.tec.sd.us
Web Site: http://www.lati.tec.sd.us/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Awards diplomas and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1964. Setting: 16-acre small town campus. Total enrollment: 1,057. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Option: electronic application. Required: high school transcript, ACT. Required for some: essay, 3 recommendations, interview. Entrance: minimally difficult.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: 10 open to all. Most popular organizations: PBL, VICA, Rodeo Club. College housing not available. Leonard H. Timmerman Library plus 1 other with 5,000 books and 128 serials. 650 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ MITCHELL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE H-14

821 North Capital
Mitchell, SD 57301
Tel: (605)995-3024
Free: 800-952-0042
Admissions: (605)995-3025
Fax: (605)996-3299
Web Site: http://mti.tec.sd.us/

Description:

District-supported, 2-year, coed. Awards diplomas, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1968. Setting: 90-acre rural campus. Total enrollment: 832. Students come from 18 states and territories, 2 other countries, 2% Native American, 0.2% Hispanic, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 24% 25 or older. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, distance learning, summer session for credit, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for some programs. Option: electronic application. Required: high school transcript. Recommended: minimum 2.0 high school GPA, ACT. Required for some: essay, interview, TABE. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: 7 open to all. Most popular organizations: Student Representative Board, Vocational Industrial Clubs of America, Phi Beta Lambda, Post-Secondary Agricultural Students, Rodeo Club. Major annual events: Orientation Week, Christmas Party for Children, Winter Bowling Party. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. College housing not available. Instructional Services Center with 100 serials and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $20,345. 110 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ MOUNT MARTY COLLEGE J-15

1105 West 8th St.
Yankton, SD 57078-3724
Tel: (605)668-1011
Free: 800-658-4552
Admissions: (605)668-1545
Fax: (605)668-1607
E-mail: btschumper@mtmc.edu
Web Site: http://www.mtmc.edu/

Description:

Independent Roman Catholic, comprehensive, coed. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1936. Setting: 80-acre small town campus. Endowment: $14.1 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4370 per student. Total enrollment: 1,189. Faculty: 113 (48 full-time, 65 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 12:1. 317 applied, 85% were admitted. 14% from top 10% of their high school class, 34% from top quarter, 70% from top half. Full-time: 712 students, 71% women, 29% men. Part-time: 377 students, 58% women, 42% men. Students come from 11 states and territories, 3 other countries, 31% from out-of-state, 2% Native American, 2% Hispanic, 2% black, 0.2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0.3% international, 31% 25 or older, 9% transferred in. Retention: 78% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: education; health professions and related sciences; business/marketing. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at members of the Colleges of Mid-America. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Options: electronic application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.0 high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Recommended: interview, ACT. Required for some: recommendations. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $35. Comprehensive fee: $20,590 includes full-time tuition ($14,050), mandatory fees ($1680), and college room and board ($4860). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and location. Part-time tuition: $228 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $20 per credit hour. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and location.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 40 open to all. Most popular organizations: campus ministry, Student Government Association, Nursing Club, Education Club, Theater Club or SIFE (Students in Free Enterprise). Major annual events: Homecoming, October Service Blitz, Winterfest. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, controlled dormitory access. 360 college housing spaces available; 315 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through senior year. Option: coed housing available. Mount Marty College Library with 76,571 books, 12,068 microform titles, 424 serials, 8,565 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $185,193. 21 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Yankton is situated on the Missouri River, 60 miles northwest of Sioux City, Iowa, and 80 miles southwest of Sioux Falls, S.D. The city is located four miles downstream from Gavins Point Dam, and Lewis and Clark Lake, which provides some of the best fishing, swimming, boating, and picnicking areas in the Midwest. The All-American city served as the first capital of Dakota Territory and is known as the Mother City of the Dakotas. Its 14,000 friendly people take a deep interest in the activities of the college.

■ NATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY (ELLSWORTH AFB) G-3

2700 Doolittle Dr.
Ellsworth AFB, SD 57706
Tel: (605)923-5856
Web Site: http://www.national.edu/

Description:

Proprietary, 2-year, coed.

■ NATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY (RAPID CITY) G-3

321 Kansas City St.
Rapid City, SD 57701
Tel: (605)394-4800
Free: 800-843-8892
Admissions: (605)394-4902
Fax: (605)394-4871
E-mail: abeck@national.edu
Web Site: http://www.national.edu/

Description:

Proprietary, comprehensive, coed. Part of National College. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1941. Setting: 8-acre urban campus. Endowment: $30,000. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $35,000. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $3320 per student. Total enrollment: 531. Faculty: 85 (70 full-time, 15 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 26:1. 463 applied, 100% were admitted. Full-time: 311 students, 49% women, 51% men. Part-time: 152 students, 49% women, 51% men. Students come from 25 states and territories, 31% from out-of-state, 3% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 4% black, 2% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 13% international, 70% 25 or older, 21% live on campus. Retention: 57% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; health professions and related sciences; computer and information sciences. Core. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, independent study, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, external degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. ROTC: Army (c).

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript. Recommended: interview, ACT. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $15,423 includes full-time tuition ($11,520), mandatory fees ($50), and college room and board ($3853). College room only: $1938. Part-time tuition: $240 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $90 per credit hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: local fraternities, local sororities; 6% of eligible men and 7% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Student Senate, Phi Beta Lambda, Dormitory Council, Student Association of Legal Assistants, President's Advisory Council. Major annual events: blood drives, Community Clean-Up. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: part-time security personnel. 265 college housing spaces available; 97 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Option: coed housing available. Jefferson Library with 31,018 books, 268 serials, and a Web page. 50 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

National College is located in a community of about 57,000 residents. Rapid City is a retail hub for several Midwestern states. Rapid City shops, entertainment facilities, and a wide array of dining establishments offer a"big city" feel. A strong Rapid City economy provides many part-time employment opportunities while students are in school. Only 20 minutes away lies one of the most popular tourist areas in the world--Mount Rushmore--which is nestled in the majestic Black Hills. From Rushmore Mall and the Dahl Fine Arts Center to wilderness mountain biking and downhill skiing, Rapid City offers the social and cultural diversity that students desire.

■ NATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY-SIOUX FALLS BRANCH H-16

2801 South Kiwanis Ave.
Ste. 100
Sioux Falls, SD 57105-4293
Tel: (605)334-5430
Free: 800-388-5430
E-mail: lhoutsma@national.edu
Web Site: http://www.national.edu/

Description:

Proprietary, 4-year, coed. Part of National College. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1941. Setting: urban campus. Total enrollment: 375. 9 applied, 100% were admitted. Students come from 6 states and territories, 1% Native American, 0% Hispanic, 1% black, 0% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 76% 25 or older. Retention: 70% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Common Application, electronic application, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, interview. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices. College housing not available. Main library plus 1 other with 1,580 books, 57 serials, and a Web page. 60 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ NORTHERN STATE UNIVERSITY C-13

1200 South Jay St.
Aberdeen, SD 57401-7198
Tel: (605)626-3011
Free: 800-678-5330
Admissions: (605)626-2544
Fax: (605)626-3022
E-mail: admissionl@wolf.northern.edu
Web Site: http://www.northern.edu/

Description:

State-supported, comprehensive, coed. Part of South Dakota Board of Regents. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1901. Setting: 52-acre small town campus. Endowment: $9.2 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $2300 per student. Total enrollment: 2,631. Faculty: 94 (all full-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 20:1. 783 applied, 94% were admitted. 21% from top 10% of their high school class, 45% from top quarter, 68% from top half. Full-time: 1,595 students, 57% women, 43% men. Part-time: 830 students, 63% women, 37% men. Students come from 32 states and territories, 13 other countries, 19% from out-of-state, 3% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 1% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 3% international, 19% 25 or older, 6% transferred in. Retention: 69% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; education; social sciences. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, honors program, distance learning, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at National Student Exchange. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, minimum X high school GPA, SAT or ACT. Required for some: recommendations. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: 9/1. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $15. State resident tuition: $2290 full-time, $76.35 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $7278 full-time, $242.60 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $2409 full-time, $80.30 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course level, course load, and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course level, course load, and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $3980. College room only: $2023. Room and board charges vary according to board plan.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 100 open to all. Most popular organizations: Student Ambassadors, Choices, honor society, Native American Student Association. Major annual events: Homecoming-Gypsy Days, 'I Hate Winter', Commencement. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices, controlled dormitory access, evening patrols. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Option: coed housing available. Beulah Williams Library with 192,007 books, 367,763 microform titles, 882 serials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $364,407. 900 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ OGLALA LAKOTA COLLEGE

490 Piya Wiconi Rd.
Kyle, SD 57752-0490
Tel: (605)455-6000
Fax: (605)455-2787
Web Site: http://www.olc.edu/

Description:

State and locally supported, comprehensive, coed. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1970. Setting: rural campus. Total enrollment: 1,000. Students come from 2 states and territories, 70% 25 or older. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, accelerated degree program, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at American Indian Higher Education Consortium.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Option: early admission. Required: high school transcript. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous. Preference given to Native Americans.

Collegiate Environment:

Student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 10 open to all. College housing not available. Oglala Lakota College Learning Resource Center with 15,000 books and 150 serials. 65 computers available on campus for general student use.

■ PRESENTATION COLLEGE C-13

1500 North Main St.
Aberdeen, SD 57401-1299
Tel: (605)225-1634
Free: 800-437-6060
Admissions: (605)229-8492
Fax: (605)229-8518
E-mail: joellen.lindner@presentation.edu
Web Site: http://www.presentation.edu/

Description:

Independent Roman Catholic, 4-year, coed. Awards associate and bachelor's degrees. Founded 1951. Setting: 100-acre small town campus. Endowment: $13.2 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $5140 per student. Total enrollment: 758. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 12:1. 315 applied, 99% were admitted. 13% from top 10% of their high school class, 28% from top quarter, 60% from top half. Full-time: 514 students, 81% women, 19% men. Part-time: 244 students, 82% women, 18% men. Students come from 1 other country, 34% from out-of-state, 6% Native American, 0.4% Hispanic, 1% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 21% 25 or older, 15% live on campus, 14% transferred in. Retention: 60% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: health professions and related sciences; public administration and social services; business/marketing. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, external degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for allied health programs, nursing. Option: electronic application. Required: high school transcript, ACT. Recommended: minimum 2.0 high school GPA. Required for some: 2 recommendations. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $0. Comprehensive fee: $17,075 includes full-time tuition ($12,300) and college room and board ($4775). College room only: $3975. Part-time tuition: $450 per credit.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper. Social organizations: 11 open to all. Most popular organizations: Wellness, National Student Nursing Association, Social Work Organization. Major annual events: Snow Queen, Homecoming, Spring Fling. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 137 college housing spaces available; 115 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required in freshman year. Option: coed housing available. Presentation College Library plus 1 other with 40,000 books, 430 serials, 2,900 audiovisual materials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $143,210. 30 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Aberdeen is a regional retail and market center with a population of 25,000. It is served by two major U.S. highways, and daily airline service.

■ SINTE GLESKA UNIVERSITY I-8

150 East 2nd St.
P.O. Box 105
Rosebud, SD 5757
Tel: (605)856-8100
Fax: (605)747-2098
Web Site: http://www.sinte.edu/

Description:

Independent, comprehensive, coed. Awards associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees. Founded 1970. Setting: 52-acre rural campus. Total enrollment: 1,200. 168 applied, 100% were admitted. 73% 25 or older. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, honors program, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, internships. Off campus study at American Indian Higher Education Consortium.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Required: high school transcript. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: 8/20. Notification: continuous until 8/30.

Collegiate Environment:

Most popular organizations: Student Association, Lakota Club. Major annual events: Founders' Day, Student Awareness Week. Student services: personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: late night transport-escort service. College housing not available. Sinte Gleska University Library with 25,000 books, 80 serials, and an OPAC. 35 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ SISSETON-WAHPETON COMMUNITY COLLEGE B-16

Old Agency Box 689
Sisseton, SD 57262
Tel: (605)698-3966
Web Site: http://www.swc.tc/

Description:

Federally supported, 2-year, coed. Awards certificates, transfer associate, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1979. Setting: 2-acre rural campus. Endowment: $253,820. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $1335 per student. Total enrollment: 274. 53 applied, 100% were admitted. Full-time: 147 students, 67% women, 33% men. Part-time: 127 students, 73% women, 27% men. Students come from 3 states and territories, 82% Native American, 0% Hispanic, 0% black, 0% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0% international, 69% 25 or older, 5% transferred in. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships. Off campus study at members of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission. Options: Common Application, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript. Recommended: minimum 2.0 high school GPA, recommendations, interview. Placement: Assessment and Placement Services for Community Colleges required. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $0. State resident tuition: $2880 full-time. Mandatory fees: $490 full-time. Tuition guaranteed not to increase for student's term of enrollment.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: 1 open to all. Most popular organization: Student Senate. Major annual event: Native American Day. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices. College housing not available. Sisseton-Wahpeton Community College Library with 15,481 books, 8 microform titles, 162 serials, 885 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $99,939. 28 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY G-3

501 East Saint Joseph
Rapid City, SD 57701-3995
Tel: (605)394-2511
Free: 800-544-8162
Admissions: (605)394-2414
Fax: (605)394-2914
E-mail: admissions@sdsmt.edu
Web Site: http://www.sdsmt.edu/

Description:

State-supported, university, coed. Part of South Dakota State University System. Awards associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Founded 1885. Setting: 120-acre suburban campus. Endowment: $25.6 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $6.6 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4749 per student. Total enrollment: 2,313. Faculty: 140 (107 full-time, 33 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 16:1. 727 applied, 94% were admitted. 21% from top 10% of their high school class, 50% from top quarter, 81% from top half. Full-time: 1,592 students, 24% women, 76% men. Part-time: 465 students, 56% women, 44% men. Students come from 34 states and territories, 8 other countries, 31% from out-of-state, 3% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 1% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 2% international, 16% 25 or older, 32% live on campus, 4% transferred in. Retention: 73% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: engineering; interdisciplinary studies; computer and information sciences. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army.

Entrance Requirements:

Option: electronic application. Required: high school transcript, SAT or ACT. Recommended: minimum 2.6 high school GPA. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $20. State resident tuition: $2291 full-time, $76.35 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $7278 full-time, $242.60 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $2466 full-time, $82.20 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $2867. College room only: $1830. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: national fraternities, national sororities; 22% of eligible men and 23% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: TONITE (Techs Outrageous New Initiative for Total Entertainment), SADD (Students Against Drunk Driving), ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers), ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), Ski Club. Major annual events: Homecoming/M Week, Engineers' Week, Fall Career Fair. Student services: health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 571 college housing spaces available; 564 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Devereaux Library with 273,243 books, 65,261 microform titles, 3,088 serials, 1,827 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $730,493. 210 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Rapid City, founded in 1876, two years after gold was discovered in the Black Hills, is now a trading center and tourist headquarters of the Black Hills area. All commercial transportation is available. Community facilities include many churches, museums, hospitals, a library, radio stations, three TV stations, and a number of the major civic and service organizations.

■ SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY F-16

PO Box 2201
Brookings, SD 57007
Tel: (605)688-4151
Free: 800-952-3541
Fax: (605)688-6384
Web Site: http://www.sdstate.edu/

Description:

State-supported, university, coed. Awards associate, bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and first professional degrees and post-master's certificates. Founded 1881. Setting: 272-acre small town campus. Endowment: $53 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $33.5 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $8273 per student. Total enrollment: 10,938. Faculty: 584 (413 full-time, 171 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 17:1. 3,641 applied, 93% were admitted. 15% from top 10% of their high school class, 37% from top quarter, 70% from top half. 2 National Merit Scholars. Full-time: 7,749 students, 48% women, 52% men. Part-time: 1,845 students, 69% women, 31% men. Students come from 33 states and territories, 21 other countries, 29% from out-of-state, 1% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 1% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0.2% international, 14% 25 or older, 28% live on campus, 8% transferred in. Retention: 74% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: health professions and related sciences; agriculture; social sciences. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, freshman honors college, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at National Student Exchange. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army, Air Force.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: Peterson's Universal Application, electronic application, deferred admission, international baccalaureate accepted. Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.6 high school GPA, minimum ACT score of 18, ACT. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $20. State resident tuition: $2291 full-time, $76.35 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $7278 full-time, $242.60 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $2441 full-time, $81.35 per credit part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $4769. College room only: $2113. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 200 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 4% of eligible men and 3% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Student Association, University Programming Council, Block and Bridle Club. Major annual events: Hobo Day, Spring Fling, Festival of Cultures. Student services: legal services, health clinic, personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service. 3,399 college housing spaces available; 3,345 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Option: coed housing available. H. M. Briggs Library with 927,701 books, 923,269 microform titles, 27,646 serials, 3,217 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $3 million. 1,022 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Brookings is located in the eastern part of the state, an agriculturally rich area with diversified farming influenced by research done at South Dakota State University. Located 55 miles from Sioux Falls, the community facilities include a library, 23 churches, an hospital, and many civic and service clubs. Recreational activities include deer and pheasant hunting, golf, and water sports at the center lake region.

■ SOUTHEAST TECHNICAL INSTITUTE H-16

2320 N. Career Ave.
Sioux Falls, SD 57107-1301
Tel: (605)367-7624
E-mail: jim.rokusek@southeasttech.com
Web Site: http://www.southeasttech.com/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Awards certificates, diplomas, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1968. Setting: 169-acre urban campus. Endowment: $238,427. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $2996 per student. Total enrollment: 2,320. Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 19:1. 2,685 applied, 46% were admitted. Students come from 7 states and territories, 1 other country, 20% from out-of-state, 0.5% Native American, 0.2% Hispanic, 0.5% black, 0.5% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0.04% international, 28% 25 or older, 1% live on campus. Retention: 83% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, independent study, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Required: high school transcript, minimum 2.2 high school GPA. Recommended: ACT. Required for some: interview. Entrance: minimally difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $0. State resident tuition: $2112 full-time, $66 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $66 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $1408 full-time, $44 per credit part-time. College room only: $4200.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: 6 open to all. Most popular organizations: VICA, ICON, PBL, American Landscape Contractors Association, Silent Tones. Major annual event: Student Picnic. Student services: personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols. 100 college housing spaces available; all were occupied in 2003-04. No special consideration for freshman housing applicants. Option: coed housing available. Southeast Library with 10,643 books, 1 microform title, 158 serials, 182 audiovisual materials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $122,767. 400 computers available on campus for general student use. Computer purchase/lease plans available. A campuswide network can be accessed from off-campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

■ UNIVERSITY OF SIOUX FALLS H-16

1101 West 22nd St.
Sioux Falls, SD 57105-1699
Tel: (605)331-5000
Free: 800-888-1047
Admissions: (605)331-6600
Fax: (605)331-6615
E-mail: admissions@usiouxfalls.edu
Web Site: http://www.usiouxfalls.edu/

Description:

Independent American Baptist Churches in the USA, comprehensive, coed. Awards associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Founded 1883. Setting: 22-acre suburban campus. Endowment: $12.1 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $4328 per student. Total enrollment: 1,606. Faculty: 98 (62 full-time, 36 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 18:1. 552 applied, 95% were admitted. 16% from top 10% of their high school class, 39% from top quarter, 69% from top half. Full-time: 1,026 students, 54% women, 46% men. Part-time: 236 students, 60% women, 40% men. Students come from 24 states and territories, 5 other countries, 31% from out-of-state, 0.5% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 2% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 0.1% international, 11% 25 or older, 28% live on campus, 9% transferred in. Retention: 65% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; education; health professions and related sciences. Core. Calendar: 4-1-4. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, accelerated degree program, self-designed majors, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, external degree program, adult/continuing education programs, co-op programs and internships, graduate courses open to undergrads. Off campus study at Colleges of Mid-America, Augustana College (SD), North American Baptist Seminary, Christian College Coalition. Study abroad program.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: electronic application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, SAT and SAT Subject Tests or ACT. Recommended: essay, minimum 2.5 high school GPA. Required for some: 2 recommendations, interview. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: Rolling. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $21,920 includes full-time tuition ($16,400), mandatory fees ($320), and college room and board ($5200). College room only: $2300. Part-time tuition: $279 per semester hour.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 12 open to all. Most popular organizations: Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Campus Ministry Outreach. Major annual events: homecoming, Madrigals, Spiritual Life Retreat. Student services: personal-psychological counseling, women's center. Campus security: late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 515 college housing spaces available; 505 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen given priority for college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. Norman B. Mears Library with 85,713 books, 3,665 microform titles, 378 serials, 5,291 audiovisual materials, an OPAC, and a Web page. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $277,060. 150 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Sioux Falls, population 130,000, is a commercial and industrial center. Credit card corporations, banking, retailing and meat packing are the leading industries of the community. Air and bus transportation are available. Community facilities include churches of many denominations, hospitals, an art center, and excellent shopping. Recreation includes all winter sports, water sports, hunting, and fishing. Part-time employment opportunities are excellent.

■ THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA K-16

414 East Clark St.
Vermillion, SD 57069-2390
Tel: (605)677-5011; 877-269-6837
Admissions: (605)677-5434
Fax: (605)677-6753
E-mail: cfoster@usd.edu
Web Site: http://www.usd.edu/

Description:

State-supported, university, coed. Awards associate, bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and first professional degrees and post-master's certificates. Founded 1862. Setting: 216-acre small town campus. Endowment: $82.7 million. Research spending for 2004 fiscal year: $10.2 million. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $7259 per student. Total enrollment: 8,641. Faculty: 406 (389 full-time, 17 part-time). Student-undergrad faculty ratio is 15:1. 2,829 applied, 86% were admitted. 13% from top 10% of their high school class, 35% from top quarter, 67% from top half. 2 National Merit Scholars, 83 valedictorians. Full-time: 4,274 students, 57% women, 43% men. Part-time: 2,134 students, 73% women, 27% men. Students come from 41 states and territories, 18 other countries, 26% from out-of-state, 2% Native American, 1% Hispanic, 1% black, 1% Asian American or Pacific Islander, 1% international, 21% 25 or older, 31% live on campus, 11% transferred in. Retention: 69% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Academic areas with the most degrees conferred: business/marketing; education; health professions and related sciences; psychology. Core. Calendar: semesters. ESL program, services for LD students, advanced placement, honors program, independent study, distance learning, double major, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, internships. Off campus study at National Student Exchange. Study abroad program. ROTC: Army.

Entrance Requirements:

Options: electronic application, early admission, deferred admission. Required: high school transcript, test scores, SAT or ACT. Recommended: minimum 2.0 high school GPA. Required for some: recommendations. Entrance: moderately difficult. Application deadline: 9/4. Notification: continuous.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $20. State resident tuition: $2291 full-time, $76.35 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $7278 full-time, $242.60 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $2538 full-time, $84.60 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $4240. College room only: $2253. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Drama-theater group, choral group, marching band, student-run newspaper, radio station. Social organizations: 120 open to all; national fraternities, national sororities; 9% of eligible men and 8% of eligible women are members. Most popular organizations: Program Council, Residence Hall Association, Student Ambassadors, Delta Sigma Pi. Major annual events: Dakota Days, Strollers, Rockfest. Student services: legal services, health clinic, personal-psychological counseling. Campus security: 24-hour emergency response devices and patrols, student patrols, late night transport-escort service, controlled dormitory access. 1,975 college housing spaces available; 1,660 were occupied in 2003-04. Freshmen guaranteed college housing. On-campus residence required through sophomore year. Options: coed, men-only, women-only housing available. I. D. Weeks Library plus 2 others with 335,757 books, 673,116 microform titles, 2,852 serials, 30,885 audiovisual materials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $4.1 million. 834 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed from student residence rooms and from off campus. Staffed computer lab on campus.

Community Environment:

Vermillion is situated on a bluff overlooking the Missouri and Vermillion Rivers and was named for the red clay on the riverbanks. There is a public library, museums, churches of a number of denominations, a hospital, and major civic and service organizations. Shopping facilities are excellent. Part-time employment opportunities are good. There are a number of recreational activities, and hunting and fishing opportunities are excellent.

■ WESTERN DAKOTA TECHNICAL INSTITUTE G-3

800 Mickelson Dr.
Rapid City, SD 57703
Tel: (605)394-4034
Free: 800-544-8765
Web Site: http://www.westerndakotatech.org/

Description:

State-supported, 2-year, coed. Awards certificates, diplomas, and terminal associate degrees. Founded 1968. Setting: 5-acre small town campus. Educational spending for 2005 fiscal year: $3116 per student. Total enrollment: 1,057. 901 applied, 74% were admitted. Full-time: 752 students, 44% women, 56% men. Part-time: 305 students, 66% women, 34% men. Students come from 20 states and territories, 13% from out-of-state, 33% 25 or older, 12% transferred in. Retention: 62% of full-time freshmen returned the following year. Core. Calendar: semesters. Academic remediation for entering students, services for LD students, advanced placement, independent study, summer session for credit, part-time degree program, internships.

Entrance Requirements:

Open admission except for law enforcement program. Options: Peterson's Universal Application, Common Application, electronic application. Required: essay, high school transcript. Recommended: minimum 2.0 high school GPA. Required for some: recommendations, interview. Placement: TABE/NET for nursing applicants, HOBET for other medical programs required; ACT recommended. Entrance: noncompetitive. Application deadline: 8/1. Notification: continuous until 8/15.

Costs Per Year:

Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $2304 full-time, $64 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $2304 full-time, $64 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $1688 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Part-time tuition varies according to program.

Collegiate Environment:

Orientation program. Social organizations: 2 open to all. Most popular organizations: student council, intercollegiate rodeo. Student services: personal-psychological counseling, women's center. College housing not available. Western Dakota Technical Institute Library with 10,000 books, 40 serials, 170 audiovisual materials, and an OPAC. Operations spending for 2004 fiscal year: $65,466. 140 computers available on campus for general student use. A campuswide network can be accessed. Staffed computer lab on campus.

South Dakota

1 Location and Size

2 Topography

3 Climate

4 Plants and Animals

5 Environmental Protection

6 Population

7 Ethnic Groups

8 Languages

9 Religions

10 Transportation

11 History

12 State Government

13 Political Parties

14 Local Government

15 Judicial System

16 Migration

17 Economy

18 Income

19 Industry

20 Labor

21 Agriculture

22 Domesticated Animals

23 Fishing

24 Forestry

25 Mining

26 Energy and Power

27 Commerce

28 Public Finance

29 Taxation

30 Health

31 Housing

32 Education

33 Arts

34 Libraries and Museums

35 Communications

36 Press

37 Tourism, Travel & Recreation

38 Sports

39 Famous South Dakotans

40 Bibliography

State of South Dakota

ORIGIN OF STATE NAME: The state was formerly the southern part of Dakota Territory; dakota is a Sioux word meaning “friend” or “ally.”

NICKNAME : Mount Rushmore State; the Coyote State.

CAPITAL: Pierre.

ENTERED UNION: November 2, 1889 (40th).

OFFICIAL SEAL: The words “State of South Dakota. Great Seal. 1889” encircle the coat of arms.

FLAG: The state seal, centered on a light-blue field and encircled by a serrated sun, is surrounded by the words “South Dakota” above and “The Mount Rushmore State” below.

COAT OF ARMS: Beneath the state motto, the Missouri River winds between hills and plains; symbols representing mining (a smelting furnace and hills), commerce (a steamboat), and agriculture (a man plowing, cattle, and a field of corn) complete the scene.

MOTTO: Under God the People Rule.

SONG: “Hail, South Dakota.”

FLOWER: American Pasque (also called the May Day flower).

TREE: Black Hills spruce.

ANIMAL: Coyote.

BIRD: Chinese ring-necked pheasant.

FISH: Walleye.

INSECT: Honeybee.

GEM: Fairburn agate.

MINERAL: Rose quartz.

GRASS: Western wheatgrass.

LEGAL HOLIDAYS: New Year’s Day, 1 January; Birthday of Martin Luther King Jr., 3rd Monday in January; Presidents’ Day, 3rd Monday in February; Memorial Day, last Monday in May; Independence Day, 4 July; Labor Day, 1st Monday in September; Native Americans’ Day, 2nd Monday in October; Veterans’ Day, 11 November; Thanksgiving Day, 4th Thursday in November; Christmas Day, 25 December.

TIME: 6 AM CST = noon GM; 5 AM MST = noon GMT.

1 Location and Size

Situated in the western north-central United States, South Dakota ranks 16th in size among the 50 states with a total area of 77,121 square miles (199,743 square kilometers), including 75,896 square miles (196,715 square kilometers) of land and 1,164 square miles (3,015 square kilometers) of inland water. It extends about 380 miles (610 kilometers) from east to west and 245 miles (394 kilometers) from north to south. The total boundary length of the state is 1,316 miles (2,118 kilometers).

2 Topography

The eastern two-fifths of South Dakota is prairie, while the western three-fifths falls within the Missouri Plateau. The High Plains extend into the south. The Black Hills, an extension of the Rocky Mountains, occupy part of the state’s western border. Harney Peak, at 7,242 feet (2,209 meters), is the highest point in the state. East of the southern Black Hills are the Badlands, a barren, eroded region with large fossil deposits. South Dakota’s lowest elevation, 966 feet (295 meters), is at Big Stone Lake, in the northeastern corner.

The Missouri River is controlled by four massive dams—Gavins Point, Fort Randall, Big Bend, and Oahe. Tributaries of the Missouri include the Grand, Cheyenne, Bad, Moreau, and White rivers in the west and the James, Vermillion, and Big Sioux in the east. Major lakes in the state include Traverse, Big Stone, Lewis and Clark, Francis Case, and Oahe.

3 Climate

South Dakota has an interior continental climate with hot summers, extremely cold winters, high winds, and periodic droughts. The normal temperatures are 12°f (-11°c) in January and 74°f (23°c) in July. The record low temperature is -58°f (-50°c), set at McIntosh on 17 February 1936. The record high, 120°f (49°c), was set at Gannvalley on 5 July 1936.

Normal annual precipitation ranges from less than 13 inches (33 centimeters) in the north-west

South Dakota Population Profile

Population by Age Group

to 25 inches (63 centimeters) in Sioux Falls. Sioux Falls also receives an average of 39.6 inches (100 centimeters) of snow per year.

4 Plants and Animals

Oak, maple, and beech are among the trees represented in South Dakota’s forests, while thickets of wild plum, gooseberry, and currant are found in the eastern part of the state. Pasqueflower (Anemone ludoviciana) is the state flower. Other wildflowers are bluebell and monkshood. No South Dakota plant species were listed as threatened or endangered in 2006.

Familiar native mammals include the coyote (the state animal), porcupine, buffalo, bobcat, white-tailed jackrabbit, and black-tailed prairie dog. Nearly 300 species of birds have been identified; the sage grouse, bobwhite quail, and ring-necked pheasant are leading game birds. Trout, catfish, and pike are fished for sport.

In 2006, the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed nine South Dakota animal species as threatened or endangered, including the American burying beetle, whooping crave, Eskimo curlew, black-footed ferret, Topeka shiner, pallid sturgeon, least tern, and bald eagle.

5 Environmental Protection

The mission of the Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the primary environmental agency in South Dakota, is to provide environmental services that promote economic development, conserves natural resources, ensures compliance with regulations,

South Dakota Population by Race

Census 2000 was the first national census in which the instructions to respondents said, “Mark one or more races.” This table shows the number of people who are of one, two, or three or more races. For those claiming two races, the number of people belonging to the various categories is listed. The U.S. government conducts a census of the population every ten years.

and protects public health and the environment. In 2003, South Dakota had 39 hazardous waste sites listed in the Environmental Protection Agency’s database, two of which were on the National Priorities List as of 2006. The Sand Lake National Wildlife refuge, a freshwater cattail marsh, was designated as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance in 1998.

6 Population

In 2006, South Dakota ranked 46th in the United States in population with an estimated total of 781,919 residents. The population is projected to reach 801,845 by 2025. The average population density in 2004 was 10.2 persons per square mile (3.9 persons per square kilometer), one of the most sparsely populated of all the states. The median age in 2004 was 37 years. In 2005, about 14% of all residents were 65 or older while 25% were 18 and younger.

The leading cities as of 2005 were Sioux Falls, with an estimated 139,517 residents, and Rapid City, with 62,167.

7 Ethnic Groups

According to the 2000 census, South Dakota had 62,283 Native American residents. The black American population was 4,685. The estimated number of Asian residents was 4,378. Pacific Islanders numbered 261. The number of Hispanics and Latinos was 10,903, or 1.4% of the population.

Of the South Dakotans who reported at least one specific ancestry in the 2000 census, 307,309 listed German, 115,292 Norwegian, 78,481 Irish, 53,2141 English, and 35,655 Dutch. In the same year, 13,495 South Dakotans (1.8% of the population) were foreign born.

As of 2006, estimates indicated that 8.4% of the population was Native American and 1.9% was Hispanic or Latino.

8 Languages

South Dakota English combines the Northern and Midland dialects. In 2000, 93.5% of the resident population five years of age or older spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home and the number of speakers included German, 13,422; various Native American languages, 11,246; and Spanish, 10,052.

9 Religions

The largest single denomination in the state is the Roman Catholic Church, with 154,772 adherents in 2004. According to 2000 data, leading Protestant denominations were the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, with 121,871; the United Methodist Church, 37,280; and the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod, 31,524. The Jewish population was estimated at 350 adherents. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reported a membership of about 8,957 adherents in 2006. About 242,950 people (32.3% of the population) were not counted as members of any religious organization in 2000.

10 Transportation

In 2003, 1,940 miles (3,123 kilometers) of railroad track were operated in South Dakota by nine railroads. The Burlington Northern/Santa Fe (BNSF) and Soo Line were Class I railroads in operation the same year. Their freight was primarily agricultural products (originating) and coal and petroleum gas (terminating).

Public highways, streets, and roads covered 83,574 miles (134,554 kilometers) in 2004 when the state had 863,000 registered motor vehicles and 563,298 licensed drivers. There were 159

airports in 2005, of which Joe Foss Field at Sioux Falls is the most active with 333,338 passenger enplanements in 2004.

11 History

The Sioux, driven from the Minnesota woodlands, began to move westward during the second quarter of the 18th century, forcing all other Native American groups out of South Dakota by the mid-1830s. Significant European penetration of South Dakota followed the Lewis and Clark expedition of 1804–06. White men came to claim US sovereignty, negotiate Native American treaties, and conduct trade in hides and furs.

The Dakota Territory, which included much of present-day Wyoming and Montana as well as North and South Dakota, was established in 1861. The territory was reduced to just the Dakotas in 1868. Six years later, a gold rush brought thousands of prospectors and settlers to the Black Hills. South Dakota emerged as a state in 1889, with the capital in Pierre. Included within the state were nine Native American reservations, established after lengthy negotiations and three wars with the Sioux.

State Development Through the late 19th and early 20th centuries, South Dakotans, dependent mainly on agriculture, had limited economic opportunities. Some 30,000 Sioux barely survived on farming and livestock production, supplemented by irregular government jobs and off-reservation employment. The 500,000 non-Native Americans lived mainly off cattle-feeding

enterprises and modest grain sales, mineral production (especially gold), and employment in South Dakota’s cities.

The period after World War I saw extensive road-building, the establishment of a tourist industry, and efforts to harness the waters of the Missouri. Like other Americans, South Dakotans were helped through the drought and depression of the 1930s by federal aid. The economic revival brought about by World War II lasted into the postwar era. The mechanization of agriculture, dam construction along the Missouri, and reclamation of desert land all helped the rural economy. Federal programs were also organized for Native Americans on the reservations.

For 70 days in 1973, some 200 armed Sioux occupied Wounded Knee, on the Pine Ridge Reservation, where hundreds of Sioux had been killed by the US cavalry 83 years earlier. In 1980, the US Supreme Court upheld compensation of $105 million for land in the Black Hills taken by the federal government in 1877. But members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) opposed this settlement and demanded the return of the Black Hills to the Sioux.

The economic plight of South Dakota’s Native Americans worsened during the 1980s after the federal government reduced job training programs. Conditions on the reservations remained bad in the 1990s, with unemployment in some cases as high as 70%. In contrast, the overall state economy showed strength in the 1980s and 1990s through the development of the state’s water resources, the revival of railroad transportation, and with the development of new industry in South Dakota. Casino gambling became legal in South Dakota in 1989, and it has become a significant source of revenue for this state in the years since.

Although the state had budget problems in the early 2000s, they were not as severe as in other states. However, South Dakota began experiencing severe drought conditions at this time and widespread droughts were predicted for the Great Plains states beyond 2005. In 2005, unemployment on the Pine Ridge Reservation was at 80%,

12 State Government

South Dakota’s legislature consists of a 35-seat senate and 70-seat house of representatives, all of whose members serve two-year terms. Chief executive officials include the governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, attorney general, and treasurer, all elected for four-year terms. A bill becomes law if passed by the legislature and signed by the governor, if left unsigned by the governor for five days while the legislature is in session, or if passed over the governor’s veto by two-thirds of the members of each house.

As of 2004, the legislative salary was $12,000 for two years and the governor’s salary was $103,222.

13 Political Parties

For the most part, South Dakota has voted Republican in presidential elections, even when native-son George McGovern was the Democratic candidate in 1972. South Dakotans chose George H. W. Bush in 1988 and again in 1992. In the 2000 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 60% of the vote and Democrat Al Gore collected 38%. In

South Dakota Governors: 1889–2007

2004, Bush again received 60% of the vote while Democrat John Kerry won 38%.

Democrat Tim Johnson won a US Senate seat in 1996 and was reelected in 2002, Republican John Thune won a US Senate seat in 2004, narrowly defeating democrat Thomas Daschle, who had served in the seat for three terms. Democrat Stephanie Herseth won reelection to represent the state in the US House of Representatives in 2006.

Republican Mike Rounds was elected governor in 2002 and reelected in 2006. Following the 2006 elections, there were 15 Democrats and 20 Republicans in the state senate and 50 Republicans and 20 Democrats in the state house. Seventeen women were elected to the state legislature in 2006, or 16.2%.

14 Local Government

As of 2005, South Dakota had 66 counties, 308 municipalities, 176 public school districts, and 376 special districts. In 2002, there were 940 townships. Typical county officials include a treasurer, an auditor, a state’s attorney, a sheriff, a register of deeds, and a clerk of courts.

15 Judicial System

South Dakota has a supreme court with five justices, and eight circuit courts with 167 judges. The state’s violent crime rate in 2004 was 171.5 reported incidents per 100,000 persons. Crimes against property were reported at a rate of about 1,933.5 incidents per 100,000 people. In December 2004, there were 3,095 inmates in state and federal prisons. South Dakota imposes the death penalty but had only executed one person since 1930 (as of mid-2006). In January 2006, there were four persons on death row.

16 Migration

Since the 1930s, more people have left South Dakota than have settled in the state. Between 1990 and 1998, South Dakota had net gains of 6,000 in domestic migration and 4,000 in international migration. In the period 1995–2000, about 72,548 people moved into the state and 85,016 moved out, for a net loss of 12,468, many of whom moved to Minnesota. For the period 2000–05, net international migration was 3,957 and net internal migration was -735 for a net gain of 3,222 people.

17 Economy

Agriculture dominates South Dakota’s economy. Grains and livestock are the main farm products, and processed foods and farm equipment are leading manufactured items. Mining and tourism have also been important. The prolonged drought affecting many western states in the early 2000s has caused the state’s corn production to drop 10% and disrupted cattle production. South Dakota is, however, witnessing growth in various services sectors.

In 2004, an estimated 1,691 new businesses were established while 2,251 businesses were closed.

18 Income

In 2005, South Dakota had a gross state product (GSP) of $31 billion, ranking 47th among the 50 states and the District of Columbia. In 2004, South Dakota ranked 32nd among the 50 states and the District of Columbia with a per capita (per person) income of $30,209; the national average was $33,050. The average median annual household income for 2002–04, was $40,518 compared to the national average of $44,473. For the same period, 12.5% of the population lived below the federal poverty level, compared to the national average of 12.4%.

19 Industry

Food and related products, machinery, computer equipment, and printing and publishing together account for much of South Dakota’s manufacturing employment. The total value of

South Dakota Presidential Vote by Major Political Parties, 1948–2004

manufactured shipments in 2004 was $12 billion. South Dakota hosts the corporate headquarters of the Fortune 500 company, Gateway 2000.

20 Labor

In April 2006, the labor force in South Dakota numbered 432,500, with approximately 13,000 workers unemployed, yielding an unemployment rate of 3%, compared to the national average of 4.7%. In 2006, 5.7% of the labor force was employed in construction; 10% in manufacturing; 19.9% in trade, transportation, and public utilities; 7.3% in financial activities; 14.7% in education and health services; 10.7% in leisure and hospitality services, and 18.9% in government.

In 2005, some 21,000 of South Dakota’s 350,000 employed wage and salary workers were members of unions, representing 5.9% of those so employed. The national average was 12%.

21 Agriculture

South Dakota ranked 19th among the 50 states in 2005 in agricultural income, with receipts of $4.8 billion. In 2004, there were an estimated 31,600 farms and ranches in the state, covering about 43.8 million acres (17.7 million hectares).

Leading crops in 2004 were hay (6.87 million tons), wheat (128.6 million bushels), corn for grain (539.5 million bushels), soybeans, oats, and barley. That year, South Dakota ranked fifth among the states for hay production and sixth for corn for grain and wheat.

22 Domesticated Animals

The livestock industry is of great importance in South Dakota, particularly in the High Plains. In 2005, the state had an estimated 3.7 million cattle and calves, valued at around $3.8 billion. During 2004, there were 1.3 million hogs and pigs, valued at $146.3 million. In 2003, the state produced 30.1 million pounds (13.7 million kilograms) of sheep and lambs, 152.7 million pounds (69.4 million kilograms) of turkeys, 761 million eggs, and 1.7 million pounds (800,000 kilograms) of chickens. Dairy farmers produced nearly 1.33 billion pounds (600 million kilograms) of milk from about 82,000 milk cows in the same year.

23 Fishing

Virtually all fishing is recreational. In 2004, South Dakota issued 206,349 sport fishing licenses. The D.C. Booth Historic National Fish Hatchery, established in 1896 (formerly Spearfish National Fish Hatchery), is one of the oldest operating hatcheries in the country. The facility primarily produces trout to stock the Black Hills region of the state. The Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery raises endangered pallid sturgeon and paddlefish. There are a total of four state hatcheries.

24 Forestry

The forests in the Plains regions are primarily associated with water reservoirs, lakes, and the dominating Missouri River and its major tributaries. Collectively these forests make up only 10% of the total forestland in the state and consist primarily of tree species associated with the eastern hardwood forests, such as elm, ash, and basswood. The forests in the Black Hills and at higher elevations in the west, southeast and north of the “Hills” are typically “western,” consisting primarily of ponderosa pine. About 90% of the forestland in South Dakota is in the west and most of it is in the Black Hills. Three counties, Pennington, Lawrence, and Custer, account for most of the state’s forest area, which totals roughly 1,620,000 acres (656,000 million hectares).

The public sector owns 66% of South Dakota’s forestland. Nonreserve timberland is the primary component of the state’s forestland and occupies 1,511,000 acres (612,000 hectares). Woodland covers an additional 23,000 acres (9,300 hectares). Of the forestland, only 1% contained primarily in national parks is reserved from harvesting wood products. Ponderosa pine is the state’s predominant species. The second most predominant species is the bottomland hardwood group (elm/ash).

Sawtimber stands occupy 964,700 acres (390,400 hectares), which is more than half the total forested area. Poletimber stands account for a fifth of the timberland base and sapling and seedling stands account for an additional 118,700 acres (48,000 hectares) of timberland. South Dakota’s timberland is not very productive when compared to other western states. For nearly a century, however, the Black Hills have been successfully producing and supplying sawlogs, fuelwood, pulpwood, posts, and poles.

25 Mining

The estimated value of mineral production for South Dakota in 2003 was $206 million. Portland cement was the leading commodity by value, followed by construction sand and gravel, crushed stone, and granite dimension stone. In 2003, South Dakota ranked second in the nation for production volume of granite dimension stone. The state also ranked fourth in mica production and seventh in gold production.

South Dakota quarries produced 13 million metric tons of construction sand and gravel in 2003 and 6.7 million metric tons of crushed stone. Milbank granite, a dark- to medium-red granite found in the northeastern part of the state, has been quarried continuously since 1907 and is the major source of dimension stone in the state.

26 Energy and Power

In 2003, South Dakota produced 7.9 billion kilowatt hours of electricity. Over 53% of the power output came from hydroelectric sources and over 43% from coal-fired plants. Natural gas fueled plants accounted for the rest. South Dakota has very modest fossil-fuel resources. As of 2004, crude oil output was about 4,000 barrels per day. In 2003, market gas production totaled 1.1 billion cubic feet (31 million cubic meters). South Dakota has lignite reserves of about 366 million tons.

27 Commerce

Wholesale sales totaled $7.8 billion in 2002 and retail sales were $9.6 billion. Gasoline stations were the leading type of retail establishments. The state’s exports were valued at $941.4 million in 2005, ranking the state at 48th in the nation.

28 Public Finance

The governor must submit the annual budget to the state legislature by 1 December. The legislature may amend the budget at will, but the governor has an item veto. The fiscal year begins 1 July and ends June 30.

The revenues for 2004 were $3.8 billion. Expenditures were $2.9 billion. The largest general expenditures were for education ($875 million), public welfare ($694 million), and highways ($417 million). The outstanding debt was $2.6 billion, or $3,389.19 per capita (per person).

29 Taxation

South Dakota has no personal income tax and no state level property taxes. There is a state sales and use tax of 4%. Local taxes on sales can reach as much as 2%. Selective taxes are also levied on gasoline sales, tobacco products, and other items.

The state collected $1.1 billion in taxes in 2005, of which 56% came from the general sales tax, 25.4% from selective sales taxes, 4.4% from corporate taxes, and 14.1% from other taxes. In 2005, South Dakota ranked last among the states in terms of per capita tax burden, which amounted to about $1,430 per person. The national average was $2,192 per person.

30 Health

In 2005, the infant mortality rate was 7.3 per 1,000 live births. The crude death rate was 9.3 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2003. As of 2004, about 20.3% of all residents were smokers. As of 2002, death rates for major causes of death (per 100,000 resident population) included heart disease, 254.5; cancer, 205.2; cerebrovascular diseases, 68.1; chronic lower respiratory diseases, 50.3; and diabetes, 25.6. The death rate for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was unavailable that year. In 2004, the reported acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases rate was at about 1,6 per 100,000, which was one of the lowest in the country.

South Dakota’s 50 community hospitals had 4,400 beds in 2003. There were 217 physicians per 100,000 residents in 2004 and 1,165 nurses per 100,000 in 2005. In 2004, there were a total of 345 dentists in the state. The average expense for hospital care was $747 per inpatient day in 2003. In 2004, about 12% of South Dakota’s residents were uninsured.

31 Housing

In 2004, there were an estimated 342,620 housing units, of which 300,629 were occupied; 69.1% were owner-occupied. About 65.7% of all units were single-family, detached homes. Utility gas was the most common energy source for heating. It was estimated that 12,506 units lacked telephone service, 1,386 lacked complete plumbing facilities, and 1,550 lacked complete kitchen facilities. The average household size was 2.47 people.

In 2004, 5,800 new privately owned housing units were authorized for construction. The median home value was $95,523. The median monthly cost for mortgage owners was $952, while renters paid a median of $493 per month.

32 Education

As of 2004, some 87.5% of South Dakotans 25 years of age or older were high school graduates and 25.5% had four or more years of college.

Total public school enrollment was estimated at 128,000 in fall 2002. Expenditures for public education in 2003/04 were estimated at $1 billion. Enrollment in private schools in fall 2003 was 10,817.

As of fall 2002, there were 47,751 students enrolled in college or graduate school. In 2005, South Dakota had 26 degree-granting institutions. There are eight state-supported colleges and universities, of which the largest are the University of South Dakota and South Dakota State University. The South Dakota School of the Deaf and the South Dakota School for the Blind and Visually Impaired are also sponsored by the state. In addition, the state has 12 private institutions of higher education.

33 Arts

Artworks and handicrafts are displayed at the Dacotah Prairie Museum (Aberdeen), South Dakota Art Center (Brookings), Sioux Indian Museum and Crafts Center (Rapid City), Civic Fine Arts Association (Sioux Falls), Cultural Heritage Center (Pierre), and W. H. Over Museum (Vermillion). Several tribal councils present annual cultural and arts events or pow-wows.

Symphony orchestras include the South Dakota Symphony in Sioux Falls and the Rapid City Symphony Orchestra. The Sioux Falls Jazz and Blues Society sponsors an annual festival. There are at least ten municipal band organizations across the state. Sioux Falls, Rapid City, and Pierre all have theater groups. The annual Laura Ingalls Wilder Pageant in DeSmit includes outdoor performances as well as activities to recreate pioneer history.

The South Dakota Arts Council, located at Pierre, and the South Dakota Humanities Council, at Brookings, aid and coordinate arts and humanities activities throughout the state. The state has approximately 350 arts associations and 40 local arts groups.

In 2005, South Dakota arts organizations received six grants totaling $665,800 from the National Endowment for the Arts. The same year, the National Endowment for the Humanities awarded four grants totaling $507,560 for state programs.

34 Libraries and Museums

In 2001, South Dakota had 126 public library systems with 145 libraries and a combined book and serial publication stock of 2.83 million volumes. Combined circulation was about 4.7 million. Leading collections, each with more than 100,000 volumes, were those of South Dakota State University (Brookings), Northern State College and Alexander Mitchell Library (Aberdeen), Augustana College (Sioux Falls), the University of South Dakota (Vermillion), the South Dakota State Library (Pierre), and the Sioux Falls and Rapid City public libraries.

South Dakota has 81 museums and historic sites, including the Cultural Heritage Museum (Pierre), Siouxland Heritage Museums and Delbridge Museum of Natural History (Sioux Falls), and the Shrine to Music Museum (Vermillion). Badlands National Park and Wind Cave National Park also display interesting exhibits.

35 Communications

In 2004, 93.6% of South Dakota’s occupied housing units had telephones. The same year, there were about 382,906 wireless phone subscribers. In 2003, 62.1% of all households had a personal computer and 53.6% had access to the Internet. Some 8,919 Internet domain names were registered in the state by the year 2000.

In 2005, there were 65 major radio stations (21 AM, 44 FM) and 16 major television stations.

36 Press

In 2006, South Dakota had six morning newspapers, five evening papers, and four Sunday papers. Leading newspapers included the Rapid City Journal, mornings 29,696, Sundays 34,222; and the Sioux Falls Argus Leader, mornings 53,395, and Sundays 75,014.

37 Tourism, Travel & Recreation

Tourism is the state’s largest industry. Travelers spent an estimated $809 million in South Dakota in 2005. The travel industry accounts for 33,100 jobs across the state.

Most of the state’s tourist attractions lie west of the Missouri River, especially in the Black Hills region. Mount Rushmore National Memorial consists of the heads of four US presidents—George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln—carved in granite in the mountainside. Wind Cave National Park and Jewel Cave National Monument are also in the Black Hills region. Just to the east is Badlands National Monument, consisting of fossil beds and eroded cliffs almost bare of vegetation. Visitors can also tour the childhood home of Laura Ingalls Wilder, author of the popular Little House on the Prairie series of books.

38 Sports

There are no major league professional sports teams in South Dakota. The Sioux Falls Canaries are a minor league baseball club playing in the independent Northern League. Sioux Falls also hosts a minor league hockey team. The University of South Dakota Coyotes and the Jackrabbits of South Dakota State both compete in the North Central Conference.

Skiing and hiking are popular in the Black Hills. Other annual sporting events include the Black Hills Motorcycle Classic in Sturgis and many rodeos, including the Days of ’76 in Deadwood.

39 Famous South Dakotans

The only South Dakotan to win high elective office was Hubert H. Humphrey (1911–1978), a native of Wallace. After rising to power in Minnesota Democratic politics, he served as a US senator for 16 years before becoming vice president under Lyndon Johnson during 1965–69.

Other outstanding federal officeholders from South Dakota were Newton Edmunds (1819–1908), second governor of the Dakota Territory; Charles Henry Burke (b.New York, 1861–1944), who as commissioner of Indian Affairs improved education and healthcare for Native Americans. The son of a German-American father and a Brulé Native American mother, Benjamin Reifel (1906–1990) was the first Native American elected to Congress from South Dakota. He later served as the last US commissioner of Indian Affairs. George McGovern (b.1922) served in the US Senate from 1963 through 1980. An early opponent of the war in Vietnam, he ran unsuccessfully as the Democratic presidential nominee in 1972.

Associated with South Dakota are several distinguished Native American leaders. Among them were Red Cloud (Mahpiua Luta, b.Nebraska 1822–1909), an Oglala warrior; Sitting Bull (1834–1890), the well known leader of the tribal army that crushed George Custer’s Seventh US Cavalry at the Battle of the Little Big Horn (1876) in Montana; and Crazy Horse (1849?–1877), an Oglala chief who also fought at Little Big Horn. Russell Means (b.1940) is noted for his activity in the American Indian Movement and the Libertarian Party.

Ernest Orlando Lawrence (1901–1958), the state’s only Nobel Prize winner, received the physics award in 1939 for the invention of the

cyclotron. The business leader with the greatest personal influence on South Dakota’s history was Pierre Chouteau, Jr. (b.Missouri, 1789–1865), a fur trader after whom the state capital is named.

South Dakota artists include George Catlin (b.Pennsylvania, 1796–1872); Harvey Dunn (1884–1952); and Oscar Howe (1915–1983). Gutzon Borglum (b.Idaho, 1871–1941) carved the faces on Mount Rushmore. The state’s two leading writers are Ole Edvart Rõlvaag (b.Norway, 1876–1931), author of Giants in the Earth and other novels; and Frederick Manfred (b.Iowa, 1912–1994), a Minnesota resident who served as writer-in-residence at the University of South Dakota and has used the state as a setting for many of his novels. Native American Billy Mills (b.1938), winner of the Olympic gold medal in the 10,000-meter run, was born in Pine Ridge. Football Hall-of-Famer Norm van Brocklin (b.1926) was born in Eagle Butte.

40 Bibliography

BOOKS

Bristow, M. J. State Songs of America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.

Brown, Jonatha A. South Dakota. Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens, 2007.

Fenney, Kathy. South Dakota Facts and Symbols. Rev. ed. Mankato, MN: Capstone Press, 2003.

Heinrichs, Ann. South Dakota. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point Books, 2004.

McDaniel, Melissa. South Dakota. 2nd ed. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2006.

Murray, Julie. South Dakota. Edina, MN: Abdo Publishing, 2006.

Walsh Shepherd, Donna. South Dakota. New York: Children’s Press, 2001.

WEB SITES

South Dakota Office of Tourism. Travel SD: South Dakota: Great Faces, Great Places. www.travelsd.com (accessed March 1, 2007).

State of South Dakota. South Dakota. Great Faces. Great Places. www.state.sd.us (accessed March 1, 2007).

South Dakota

AUGUSTANA COLLEGE

2001 South Summit Ave.
Sioux Falls, SD 57197
Tel: (605)274-0770
Free: 800-727-2844
Admissions: (605)274-5516
Fax: (605)274-5518
Web Site: http://www.augie.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Bruce R. Halverson
Registrar: Dr. Glenda Sehested
Admissions: Nancy Davidson
Financial Aid: Brenda Murtha
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Scores: 100% SAT V 400+; 100% SAT M 400+; 43% ACT 18-23; 47% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 80 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: August 01 Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Comprehensive fee: $25,458 includes full-time tuition ($19,750), mandatory fees ($236), and college room and board ($5472). College room only: $2700. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: 4-1-4, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,621, PT 93, Grad 31 Faculty: FT 108, PT 72 Student-Faculty Ratio: 13:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 68 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 67 Library Holdings: 279,918 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 130 credits, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: AACN, CSWE, JRCEPAT, NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

BLACK HILLS STATE UNIVERSITY

1200 University St.
Spearfish, SD 57799
Tel: (605)642-6011
Free: 800-255-2478
Admissions: (605)642-6343
E-mail: jberry@mystic.bhsu.edu
Web Site: http://www.bhsu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Thomas O. Flickema
Registrar: April Meeker
Admissions: Steve Ochsner
Financial Aid: Deb Henriksen
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Dakota University System Scores: 58.09% ACT 18-23; 20.87% ACT 24-29 Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. State resident tuition: $2444 full-time, $76.35 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $7764 full-time, $242.60 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $2628 full-time, $82.10 per credit part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $3663. College room only: $2078. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 2,533, PT 1,120, Grad 193 Faculty: FT 115, PT 79 Student-Faculty Ratio: 21:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 20 Library Holdings: 310,210 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credits, Associates; 128 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

COLORADO TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SIOUX FALLS CAMPUS

3901 West 59th St.
Sioux Falls, SD 57108
Tel: (605)361-0200
Fax: (605)361-5954
Web Site: http://www.ctu-siouxfalls.com/
President/CEO: Dr. Vicki Strunk
Registrar: Lois Butterfield
Admissions: Catherine Taplett Allen
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Colorado Technical University - Main Campus Colorado Springs, CO Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $50.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 441, PT 471, Grad 124 Faculty: FT 9, PT 52 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Exams: ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 92 Library Holdings: 5,787 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 87 credit hours, Associates; 178 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AAMAE

DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY

820 North Washington
Madison, SD 57042-1799
Tel: (605)256-5111; 888-DSU-9988
Admissions: (605)256-5696
Fax: (605)256-5316
E-mail: amy.crissinger@dsu.edu
Web Site: http://www.dsu.edu/
President/CEO: Douglas Knowlton
Registrar: Sandy Anderson
Admissions: Amy Crissinger
Financial Aid: Rosie Jamison
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Dakota Board of Regents Scores: 62% ACT 18-23; 23% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 97 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. State resident tuition: $2382 full-time, $79 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $3573 full-time, $119 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $3317 full-time, $89 per credit hour part-time. College room and board: $3927. College room only: $1924. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,162, PT 919, Grad 238 Faculty: FT 77, PT 31 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 70 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 34 Library Holdings: 98,156 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credit hours, Associates; 128 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Air Force Professional Accreditation: AHIMA, ACBSP, CARC, NCATEIntercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Softball W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

DAKOTA WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY

1200 West University Ave.
Mitchell, SD 57301-4398
Tel: (605)995-2600
Free: 800-333-8506
Admissions: (605)995-2650
Fax: (605)995-2699
E-mail: admissions@cc.dwu.edu
Web Site: http://www.dwu.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Robert G. Duffett
Registrar: Sara Jorgensen
Admissions: Amy Novak
Financial Aid: Wilma Hjellum
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: United Methodist Scores: 71. 11% ACT 18-23; 16.3% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 72 Application Deadline: August 28 Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $21,550 includes full-time tuition ($16,650) and college room and board ($4900). College room only: $2100. Part-time tuition: $350 per credit. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 730, PT 28, Grad 25 Faculty: FT 50, PT 34 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 99 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 43 Library Holdings: 63,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 62 semester hours, Associates; 125 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: JRCEPAT, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Softball W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

KILIAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE

300 East 6th St.
Sioux Falls, SD 57103
Tel: (605)221-3100
Free: 800-888-1147
Fax: (605)336-2606
E-mail: amodrell@kilian.edu
Web Site: http://www.kilian.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Robert G. Smallfoot
Registrar: Janet Garcia
Admissions: Amy Modrell
Financial Aid: Glen Poppinga
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Tuition: $7020 full-time, $195 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $150 full-time, $50 per term part-time. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Trimester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 108, PT 430 Faculty: FT 7, PT 75 Student-Faculty Ratio: 8:1 Library Holdings: 78,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates

LAKE AREA TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

230 11th St. Northeast
Watertown, SD 57201
Tel: (605)882-5284
Free: 800-657-4344
E-mail: latiinfo@lati.tec.sd.us
Web Site: http://www.lati.tec.sd.us/
President/CEO: Gary Williams
Registrar: Deb Shephard
Admissions: Debra Shephard
Financial Aid: Richard Coplan
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Not available Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: ACT Library Holdings: 5,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 70 credits, Associates Professional Accreditation: AAMAE, ADA, AOTA, APTA, NAACLS

MITCHELL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

821 North Capital
Mitchell, SD 57301
Tel: (605)995-3024
Free: 800-952-0042
Admissions: (605)995-3025
Fax: (605)996-3299
Web Site: http://mti.tec.sd.us/
President/CEO: Chris Paustian
Registrar: Miranda Ellefson
Admissions: Tim Edwards
Financial Aid: Grant Uecker
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 712, PT 120 Faculty: FT 54, PT 3 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: ACT, Other Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates Professional Accreditation: AAMAE, NAACLS Intercollegiate Athletics: Equestrian Sports M & W

MOUNT MARTY COLLEGE

1105 West 8th St.
Yankton, SD 57078-3724
Tel: (605)668-1011
Free: 800-658-4552
Admissions: (605)668-1545
Fax: (605)668-1607
E-mail: btschumper@mtmc.edu
Web Site: http://www.mtmc.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. James T. Barry
Registrar: Sr. Erin Colgan
Admissions: Brandi Tschumper
Financial Aid: Ken Kocer
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic Scores: 48% ACT 18-23; 32% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 85 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $35.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $35. Comprehensive fee: $20,590 includes full-time tuition ($14,050), mandatory fees ($1680), and college room and board ($4860). Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and location. Part-time tuition: $228 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $20 per credit hour. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and location. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 712, PT 377, Grad 100 Faculty: FT 48, PT 65 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: ACT, SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 88 Library Holdings: 76,571 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credit hours, Associates; 128 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AANA, ADtA, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

NATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY (ELLSWORTH AFB)

2700 Doolittle Dr.
Ellsworth AFB, SD 57706
Tel: (605)923-5856
Web Site: http://www.national.edu/Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed

NATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY (RAPID CITY)

321 Kansas City St.
Rapid City, SD 57701
Tel: (605)394-4800
Free: 800-843-8892
Admissions: (605)394-4902
Fax: (605)394-4871
E-mail: abeck@national.edu
Web Site: http://www.national.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Jerry L. Gallentine
Registrar: Tom Mahon
Admissions: Angela G. Beck, PMP
Financial Aid: Cheryl Bullinger
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: National College % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission; Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $15,423 includes full-time tuition ($11,520), mandatory fees ($50), and college room and board ($3853). College room only: $1938. Part-time tuition: $240 per credit hour. Part-time mandatory fees: $90 per credit hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 311, PT 152, Grad 68 Faculty: FT 70, PT 15 Student-Faculty Ratio: 26:1 Exams: ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 21 Library Holdings: 31,018 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 97 credit hours, Associates; 193 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AAMAE Intercollegiate Athletics: Equestrian Sports M & W; Volleyball W

NATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY-SIOUX FALLS BRANCH

2801 South Kiwanis Ave.
Ste. 100
Sioux Falls, SD 57105-4293
Tel: (605)334-5430
Free: 800-388-5430
E-mail: lhoutsma@national.edu
Web Site: http://www.national.edu/
President/CEO: Daniel Hacking
Admissions: Lisa Houtsma
Financial Aid: Rhonda Kohnen
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: National College Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Quarter, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 0, PT 35 Library Holdings: 1,580 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 91 credit hours, Associates; 184 credit hours, Bachelors

NORTHERN STATE UNIVERSITY

1200 South Jay St.
Aberdeen, SD 57401-7198
Tel: (605)626-3011
Free: 800-678-5330
Admissions: (605)626-2544
Fax: (605)626-3022
E-mail: admissionl@wolf.northern.edu
Web Site: http://www.northern.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Partick Schloss
Registrar: Peggy Hallstrom
Admissions: Allan Vogel
Financial Aid: Sharon Kienow
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Dakota Board of Regents Scores: 57% ACT 18-23; 22% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 94 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: September 01 Application Fee: $15.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $15. State resident tuition: $2290 full-time, $76.35 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $7278 full-time, $242.60 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $2409 full-time, $80.30 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course level, course load, and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course level, course load, and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $3980. College room only: $2023. Room and board charges vary according to board plan. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,595, PT 830, Grad 206 Faculty: FT 94, PT 0 Student-Faculty Ratio: 20:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 59 Library Holdings: 192,007 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credit hours, Associates; 128 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

OGLALA LAKOTA COLLEGE

490 Piya Wiconi Rd.
Kyle, SD 57752-0490
Tel: (605)455-6000
Fax: (605)455-2787
Web Site: http://www.olc.edu/
President/CEO: Thomas Short Bull
Registrar: Billie Hornbeck
Financial Aid: Shirley Brewer
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Preferred Admission; Early Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Library Holdings: 15,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 65 credit hours, Associates; 128 credit hours, Bachelors Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W

PRESENTATION COLLEGE

1500 North Main St.
Aberdeen, SD 57401-1299
Tel: (605)225-1634
Free: 800-437-6060
Admissions: (605)229-8492
Fax: (605)229-8518
E-mail: joellen.lindner@presentation.edu
Web Site: http://www.presentation.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Lorraine M. Hale, PBVM
Registrar: Maureen Schuchardt
Admissions: Jo Ellen Lindner
Financial Aid: Valerie Weisser
Type: Four-Year College Sex: Coed Affiliation: Roman Catholic Scores: 55.6% ACT 18-23; 15.2% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 100 Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. Comprehensive fee: $17,075 includes full-time tuition ($12,300) and college room and board ($4775). College room only: $3975. Part-time tuition: $450 per credit. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 514, PT 244 Faculty: FT 37, PT 50 Student-Faculty Ratio: 12:1 Exams: ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 90 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 15 Library Holdings: 40,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credit hours, Associates; 120 credit hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: ARCEST, AAMAE, CSWE, JRCERT, NAACLS, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Volleyball W

SINTE GLESKA UNIVERSITY

150 East 2nd St.
P.O. Box 105
Rosebud, SD 57570
Tel: (605)856-8100
Fax: (605)747-2098
Web Site: http://www.sinte.edu/
President/CEO: Lionel Bordeaux
Registrar: Jack Herman
Admissions: Jack Herman
Financial Aid: William Hay
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Library Holdings: 25,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 68 credits, Associates; 128 credits, Bachelors

SISSETON-WAHPETON COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Old Agency Box 689
Sisseton, SD 57262
Tel: (605)698-3966
Web Site: http://www.swc.tc/
President/CEO: Dr. William Harjo Bray
Registrar: Darlene Redday
Admissions: Darlene Redday
Financial Aid: Crystal Owen
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission; Deferred Admission Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. State resident tuition: $2880 full-time. Mandatory fees: $490 full-time. Tuition guaranteed not to increase for student's term of enrollment. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 147, PT 127 Faculty: FT 10, PT 15 Student-Faculty Ratio: 10:1 Exams: Other Library Holdings: 15,481 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates

SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY

501 East Saint Joseph
Rapid City, SD 57701-3995
Tel: (605)394-2511
Free: 800-544-8162
Admissions: (605)394-2414
Fax: (605)394-2914
E-mail: admissions@sdsmt.edu
Web Site: http://www.sdsmt.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Charles P. Ruch
Registrar: William Jones
Admissions: Julie Smoragiewicz
Financial Aid: David Martin
Type: University Sex: Coed Affiliation: South Dakota State University System Scores: 98% SAT V 400+; 95% SAT M 400+; 40% ACT 18-23; 47% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 94 Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. State resident tuition: $2291 full-time, $76.35 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $7278 full-time, $242.60 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $2466 full-time, $82.20 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $2867. College room only: $1830. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,592, PT 465, Grad 256 Faculty: FT 107, PT 33 Student-Faculty Ratio: 16:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 53 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 32 Library Holdings: 273,243 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates; 128 semester hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: ABET Intercollegiate Athletics: Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Tennis M; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY

PO Box 2201
Brookings, SD 57007
Tel: (605)688-4151
Free: 800-952-3541
Fax: (605)688-6384
Web Site: http://www.sdstate.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Peggy Gordon Miller
Registrar: Dr. Rick Davis
Financial Aid: Jay Larsen
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 47% ACT 18-23; 42% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 93 Admission Plans: Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. State resident tuition: $2291 full-time, $76.35 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $7278 full-time, $242.60 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $2441 full-time, $81.35 per credit part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load, program, and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $4769. College room only: $2113. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 7,749, PT 1,845, Grad 1,230 Faculty: FT 413, PT 171 Student-Faculty Ratio: 17:1 Exams: ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 79 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 28 Library Holdings: 927,701 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 credits, Associates; 128 credits, Bachelors ROTC: Army, Air Force Professional Accreditation: ABET, ACEJMC, AACN, AAFCS, ACPhE, ACA, JRCEPAT, NASM, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Equestrian Sports W; Football M; Golf M & W; Ice Hockey M & W; Rugby M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W; Wrestling M

SOUTHEAST TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

2320 N. Career Ave.
Sioux Falls, SD 57107-1301
Tel: (605)367-7624
E-mail: jim.rokusek@southeasttech.com
Web Site: http://www.southeasttech.com/
President/CEO: Jeff Holcomb
Registrar: Jim Rokusek
Admissions: Jim Rokusek
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed % Accepted: 46 Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $0.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $0. State resident tuition: $2112 full-time, $66 per credit part-time. Nonresident tuition: $66 per credit part-time. Mandatory fees: $1408 full-time, $44 per credit part-time. College room only: $4200. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Faculty: FT 83, PT 74 Student-Faculty Ratio: 19:1 Exams: ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 1 Library Holdings: 10,643 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 60 credits, Associates Professional Accreditation: JRCECT, JRCNMT

UNIVERSITY OF SIOUX FALLS

1101 West 22nd St.
Sioux Falls, SD 57105-1699
Tel: (605)331-5000
Free: 800-888-1047
Admissions: (605)331-6600
Fax: (605)331-6615
E-mail: admissions@usiouxfalls.edu
Web Site: http://www.usiouxfalls.edu/
President/CEO: Dr. Mark Benedetto
Registrar: Phyllis Thompson
Admissions: Greg A. Fritz
Financial Aid: Laura Olson
Type: Comprehensive Sex: Coed Affiliation: American Baptist Churches in the USA Scores: 75% SAT V 400+; 75% SAT M 400+; 55% ACT 18-23; 34% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 95 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: Rolling Application Fee: $25.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $25. Comprehensive fee: $21,920 includes full-time tuition ($16,400), mandatory fees ($320), and college room and board ($5200). College room only: $2300. Part-time tuition: $279 per semester hour. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: 4-1-4, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 1,026, PT 236, Grad 344 Faculty: FT 62, PT 36 Student-Faculty Ratio: 18:1 Exams: SAT I and SAT II or ACT % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 28 Library Holdings: 85,713 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 64 semester hours, Associates; 128 semester hours, Bachelors Professional Accreditation: CSWE, NCATE Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cheerleading W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Golf M & W; Soccer M & W; Softball W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA

414 East Clark St.
Vermillion, SD 57069-2390
Tel: (605)677-5011; 877-269-6837
Admissions: (605)677-5434
Fax: (605)677-6753
E-mail: cfoster@usd.edu
Web Site: http://www.usd.edu/
President/CEO: James W. Abbott
Registrar: Carmen Howard
Admissions: Cecil Foster
Financial Aid: Julie Pier
Type: University Sex: Coed Scores: 95% SAT V 400+; 88% SAT M 400+; 53% ACT 18-23; 35% ACT 24-29 % Accepted: 86 Admission Plans: Early Admission; Deferred Admission Application Deadline: September 04 Application Fee: $20.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma required; GED accepted Costs Per Year: Application fee: $20. State resident tuition: $2291 full-time, $76.35 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $7278 full-time, $242.60 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $2538 full-time, $84.60 per credit hour part-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. Part-time tuition and fees vary according to course load and reciprocity agreements. College room and board: $4240. College room only: $2253. Room and board charges vary according to board plan and housing facility. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 4,274, PT 2,134, Grad 1,778 Faculty: FT 389, PT 17 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: SAT I or ACT % Receiving Financial Aid: 60 % Residing in College-Owned, -Operated, or -Affiliated Housing: 31 Library Holdings: 335,757 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 66 credit hours, Associates; 128 credit hours, Bachelors ROTC: Army Professional Accreditation: AACSB, ACEJMC, ABA, ACA, ADA, ADtA, AOTA, APTA, APA, ASLHA, AALS, CSWE, LCMEAMA, NASAD, NASM, NASPAA, NAST, NCATE, NLN Intercollegiate Athletics: Baseball M; Basketball M & W; Cross-Country Running M & W; Football M; Softball W; Swimming and Diving M & W; Tennis M & W; Track and Field M & W; Volleyball W

WESTERN DAKOTA TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

800 Mickelson Dr.
Rapid City, SD 57703
Tel: (605)394-4034
Free: 800-544-8765
Web Site: http://www.westerndakotatech.org/
President/CEO: Nancy Richter
Admissions: Janell L. Oberlander
Financial Aid: Starla Russell
Type: Two-Year College Sex: Coed Admission Plans: Open Admission Application Fee: $10.00 H.S. Requirements: High school diploma or equivalent not required Costs Per Year: Application fee: $10. State resident tuition: $2304 full-time, $64 per credit hour part-time. Nonresident tuition: $2304 full-time, $64 per credit hour part-time. Mandatory fees: $1688 full-time. Full-time tuition and fees vary according to program. Part-time tuition varies according to program. Scholarships: Available Calendar System: Semester, Summer Session Available Enrollment: FT 752, PT 305 Faculty: FT 58, PT 27 Student-Faculty Ratio: 15:1 Exams: ACT, Other Library Holdings: 10,000 Regional Accreditation: North Central Association of Colleges and Schools Credit Hours For Degree: 71 credits, Associates Intercollegiate Athletics: Equestrian Sports M & W

South Dakota

AUGUSTANA COLLEGE

Accounting, B

American Sign Language (ASL), B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business/Corporate Communications, B

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, B

Community Health Nursing, M

Computer Science, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, M

Education/Teaching of Individuals with Hearing Impairments, Including Deafness, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Engineering Physics, B

English Language and Literature, B

Foreign Languages and Literatures, B

French Language and Literature, B

German Language and Literature, B

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

History, B

International Relations and Affairs, B

Journalism, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physics, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Speech Teacher Education, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

BLACK HILLS STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

American Indian/Native American Studies, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Business Teacher Education, B

Chemistry, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, A

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Education, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Studies, B

General Studies, A

Health and Physical Education, B

Health/Health Care Administration/Management, B

History, B

Hospital and Health Care Facilities Administration/Management, B

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Human Services, B

Industrial Technology/Technician, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, AB

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Performance, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Physical Sciences, B

Political Science and Government, B

Psychology, B

Sales, Distribution and Marketing Operations, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Sport and Fitness Administration/Management, B

Tourism and Travel Services Management, AB

Voice and Opera, B

COLORADO TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY SIOUX FALLS CAMPUS

Accounting, AB

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Computer Science, B

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, AB

Finance, B

Health Services Administration, M

Human Resources Management and Services, M

Human Resources Management/Personnel Administration, B

Information Science/Studies, AB

Management Information Systems and Services, ABM

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Organizational Management, M

Sales, Distribution and Marketing Operations, B

DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Teacher Education, B

Chemical Technology/Technician, B

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer and Information Systems Security, B

Computer Graphics, B

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Science, M

Computer Teacher Education, B

Education, M

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Finance, B

General Studies, A

Health Information/Medical Records Administration/Administrator, B

Health Information/Medical Records Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, ABM

Information Technology, B

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Management Information Systems and Services, M

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics and Statistics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Office Management and Supervision, A

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Physical Sciences, B

Respiratory Care Therapy/Therapist, AB

Special Education and Teaching, B

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, B

DAKOTA WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Behavioral Sciences, B

Biochemistry, B

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Teacher Education, B

Computer Software and Media Applications, B

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, AB

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Finance, B

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Human Services, B

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, B

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Studies Teacher Education, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

Teacher Education, Multiple Levels, B

Theology/Theological Studies, B

Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management, B

KILIAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer Science, A

Computer Software and Media Applications, A

Counseling Psychology, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, A

Information Technology, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Medical Insurance Coding Specialist/Coder, A

Medical Office Management/Administration, A

Medical Transcription/Transcriptionist, A

Social Work, A

LAKE AREA TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

Accounting, A

Agricultural Business and Management, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Avionics Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Biology Technician/BioTechnology Laboratory Technician, A

Carpentry/Carpenter, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Computer Programming, A

Computer Programming, Specific Applications, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Cosmetology/Cosmetologist, A

Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications, A

Dental Assisting/Assistant, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Finance, A

Information Technology, A

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse Training, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Occupational Therapist Assistant, A

Physical Therapist Assistant, A

System Administration/Administrator, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

Welding Technology/Welder, A

MITCHELL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Agricultural Business and Management, A

Agricultural Production Operations, A

Appliance Installation and Repair Technology/Technician, A

Architectural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD, A

Carpentry/Carpenter, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, A

Computer Software and Media Applications, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology, A

Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, A

Construction Trades, A

Culinary Arts/Chef Training, A

Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Electrical and Power Transmission Installation/Installer, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electrician, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Engineering Technologies/Technicians, A

Farm/Farm and Ranch Management, A

Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology/Technician, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Industrial Electronics Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Lineworker, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Medical Administrative Assistant/Secretary, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiographer, A

System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager, A

Telecommunications Technology/Technician, A

MOUNT MARTY COLLEGE

Accounting, AB

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Chemistry, B

Chemistry Teacher Education, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Computer Science, B

Criminal Justice/Safety Studies, B

Education, B

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

General Studies, AB

History, B

History Teacher Education, B

Human Services, B

Information Technology, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, AB

Mathematics, B

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nurse Anesthetist, M

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Psychology, B

Religion/Religious Studies, AB

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Special Education and Teaching, B

NATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY (RAPID CITY)

Accounting, AB

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Computer Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, AB

Equestrian/Equine Studies, AB

Finance, B

Information Science/Studies, AB

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Operations Management and Supervision, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager, B

Veterinary/Animal Health Technology/Technician and Veterinary Assistant, A

NATIONAL AMERICAN UNIVERSITY-SIOUX FALLS BRANCH

Accounting, AB

Business Administration and Management, AB

Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification, B

Computer Programming/Programmer, AB

Customer Service Support/Call Center/Teleservice Operation, AB

Information Science/Studies, AB

Information Technology, AB

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, AB

Management Information Systems and Services, AB

Massage Therapy/Therapeutic Massage, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, B

NORTHERN STATE UNIVERSITY

Accounting, B

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, AB

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Audiology/Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathology/Pathologist, B

Biological and Physical Sciences, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Teacher Education, B

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Community Organization and Advocacy, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Criminal Justice/Police Science, B

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, BM

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, AB

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English Education, M

English Language and Literature, B

Environmental Studies, B

Finance, B

French Language and Literature, B

German Language and Literature, B

Health Education, M

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

International Business/Trade/Commerce, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Engineering, A

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Psychology, B

Public Administration, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Social Work, A

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Technology Education/Industrial Arts, B

Voice and Opera, B

OGLALA LAKOTA COLLEGE

Accounting, A

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, A

Agriculture, A

American Indian/Native American Studies, AB

Bilingual and Multilingual Education, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Carpentry/Carpenter, A

Computer Science, A

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, AB

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, AB

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Elementary Education and Teaching, AB

Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, A

History, B

Human Services, AB

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, AB

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, AB

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Management, M

Mass Communication/Media Studies, A

Natural Resources Management/Development and Policy, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Social Work, AB

Special Education and Teaching, B

PRESENTATION COLLEGE

Biology/Biological Sciences, AB

Business Administration and Management, AB

Chemistry, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Communication Studies/Speech Communication and Rhetoric, AB

English Language and Literature, A

General Studies, A

Medical Radiologic Technology/Science - Radiation Therapist, AB

Medical Transcription/Transcriptionist, A

Medical/Clinical Assistant, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, AB

Religion/Religious Studies, A

Social Work, B

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

SINTE GLESKA UNIVERSITY

Accounting, A

American Indian/Native American Studies, A

Art/Art Studies, General, A

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Teacher Education, A

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician, A

Education, AM

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

Human Services, AB

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Natural Resources Management/Development and Policy, A

Trade and Industrial Teacher Education, A

SISSETON-WAHPETON COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Accounting, A

American Indian/Native American Studies, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Hospitality Administration/Management, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, A

Natural Sciences, A

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Nutritional Sciences, A

Substance Abuse/Addiction Counseling, A

SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY

Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, MD

Chemical Engineering, BMD

Chemistry, BMD

Civil Engineering, BMD

Computer Engineering, B

Computer Science, BM

Electrical Engineering, MD

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

Environmental Sciences, D

Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering, B

General Studies, A

Geological Engineering, MD

Geological/Geophysical Engineering, B

Geology/Earth Science, BMD

Industrial Engineering, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, B

Management of Technology, M

Materials Engineering, MD

Materials Sciences, MD

Mathematics, B

Mechanical Engineering, BMD

Metallurgical Engineering, BMD

Mining and Mineral Engineering, B

Paleontology, M

Physics, BMD

Water Resources, D

SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY

Agribusiness, B

Agricultural Economics, B

Agricultural Engineering, MD

Agricultural Mechanization, B

Agricultural Sciences, MD

Agricultural Teacher Education, B

Agricultural/Biological Engineering and Bioengineering, B

Agriculture, AB

Agronomy and Crop Science, B

Agronomy and Soil Sciences, MD

Analytical Chemistry, MD

Animal Sciences, BMD

Applied Horticulture/Horticultural Operations, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, B

Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, D

Biochemistry, BMD

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Chemistry, BMD

Child Development, B

Civil Engineering, BM

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Communication and Media Studies, M

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Graphics, B

Computer Science, M

Computer Software Engineering, B

Computer Teacher Education, B

Construction Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Consumer Services and Advocacy, B

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, M

Curriculum and Instruction, M

Dairy Science, BMD

Dietetics/Dieticians, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, BM

Education, BM

Educational Administration and Supervision, M

Electrical Engineering, M

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, B

Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, B

Engineering and Applied Sciences, MD

Engineering Physics, B

Engineering/Industrial Management, B

English, M

English Language and Literature, B

Entomology, M

Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology, M

Environmental Sciences, D

Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering, B

Family and Consumer Sciences/Home Economics Teacher Education, B

Fashion Merchandising, B

Fish, Game and Wildlife Management, MD

Food Science, B

Foods, Nutrition, and Wellness Studies, B

French Language and Literature, B

Geography, BM

German Language and Literature, B

Health and Physical Education, B

Health Education, M

History, B

Home Economics, M

Hotel/Motel Administration/Management, B

Human Development and Family Studies, B

Industrial Safety Technology/Technician, B

Industrial Technology/Technician, B

Industrial/Management Engineering, M

Information Science/Studies, B

Inorganic Chemistry, MD

Interior Design, B

Journalism, BM

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, B

Landscaping and Groundskeeping, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, BM

Mechanical Engineering, BM

Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology, B

Microbiology, M

Music, B

Music Management and Merchandising, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Nursing, M

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, B

Organic Chemistry, MD

Parks, Recreation and Leisure Facilities Management, B

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Pharmaceutical Sciences, M

Pharmacy, BP

Physical Chemistry, MD

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Physics, BM

Plant Pathology/Phytopathology, M

Plant Sciences, MD

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Range Science and Management, B

Recreation and Park Management, M

Rural Sociology, MD

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Sociology, B

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Theater, M

Visual and Performing Arts, B

Water Resources, D

Wildlife and Wildlands Science and Management, B

SOUTHEAST TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

Accounting, A

Architectural Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, A

Autobody/Collision and Repair Technology/Technician, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Biomedical Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Cardiovascular Technology/Technologist, A

Civil Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Clinical/Medical Laboratory Technician, A

Commercial and Advertising Art, A

Computer and Information Sciences, A

Computer Graphics, A

Computer Programming, A

Computer Programming, Specific Applications, A

Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification, A

Computer Programming/Programmer, A

Computer Software and Media Applications, A

Computer Software Engineering, A

Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications, A

Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology, A

Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, A

Diesel Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology, A

Engineering Technology, A

Finance, A

Graphic and Printing Equipment Operator Production, A

Health Unit Coordinator/Ward Clerk, A

Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and Refrigeration Maintenance Technology/Technician, A

Horticultural Science, A

Industrial Technology/Technician, A

Information Science/Studies, A

Information Technology, A

Laser and Optical Technology/Technician, A

Machine Tool Technology/Machinist, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Marketing/Marketing Management, A

Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/Technician, A

Medical Transcription/Transcriptionist, A

Nuclear Medical Technology/Technologist, A

Nursing, A

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation, A

Surgical Technology/Technologist, A

Survey Technology/Surveying, A

System Administration/Administrator, A

Turf and Turfgrass Management, A

Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design, A

Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster, A

UNIVERSITY OF SIOUX FALLS

Accounting, B

Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, AB

Applied Art, B

Applied Mathematics, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Behavioral Sciences, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, AB

Business Administration, Management and Operations, M

Chemistry, B

Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist, B

Commercial and Advertising Art, B

Computer Science, B

Developmental and Child Psychology, A

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, AB

Economics, AB

Education, BM

Educational Leadership and Administration, M

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, M

Elementary Education and Teaching, B

English Language and Literature, B

Health Teacher Education, B

History, B

Humanities/Humanistic Studies, A

Industrial Radiologic Technology/Technician, B

Information Science/Studies, B

Interdisciplinary Studies, AB

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Kindergarten/PreSchool Education and Teaching, A

Kinesiology and Exercise Science, B

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Management Information Systems and Services, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, AB

Mass Communication/Media Studies, B

Mathematics, B

Music, B

Music Management and Merchandising, B

Music Teacher Education, B

Pastoral Studies/Counseling, B

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, B

Piano and Organ, B

Political Science and Government, B

Pre-Dentistry Studies, B

Pre-Engineering, A

Pre-Law Studies, B

Pre-Medicine/Pre-Medical Studies, B

Pre-Veterinary Studies, B

Psychology, B

Public Relations/Image Management, B

Radio and Television, B

Reading Teacher Education, M

Religion/Religious Studies, AB

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, B

Social Sciences, AB

Social Work, B

Sociology, B

Speech and Rhetorical Studies, B

Voice and Opera, B

THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTA

Accounting, BMO

Allied Health and Medical Assisting Services, M

Allopathic Medicine, P

American Indian/Native American Studies, B

Anthropology, B

Art Teacher Education, B

Art/Art Studies, General, B

Biological and Biomedical Sciences, MD

Biology Teacher Education, B

Biology/Biological Sciences, B

Business Administration and Management, B

Business Administration, Management and Operations, MO

Business/Managerial Economics, B

Cardiovascular Sciences, MD

Cell Biology and Anatomy, MD

Chemistry, BM

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, B

Clinical Psychology, MD

Communication Disorders, BM

Computer and Information Sciences, B

Computer Science, M

Counselor Education/School Counseling and Guidance Services, MDO

Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration, B

Curriculum and Instruction, BMDO

Dental Hygiene/Hygienist, AB

Drama and Dance Teacher Education, B

Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, B

Economics, B

Education, BMDO

Educational Administration and Supervision, MDO

Educational Media/Instructional Technology, MO

Educational Psychology, MDO

Elementary Education and Teaching, BM

English, MD

English Language and Literature, B

English/Language Arts Teacher Education, B

Finance, B

Fine Arts and Art Studies, M

Foreign Language Teacher Education, B

French Language and Literature, B

French Language Teacher Education, B

General Studies, A

Geology/Earth Science, B

German Language and Literature, B

German Language Teacher Education, B

Health Education, M

Health Teacher Education, B

History, BMO

History Teacher Education, B

Hospital and Health Care Facilities Administration/Management, B

Immunology, MD

Interdisciplinary Studies, MO

Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching, B

Law and Legal Studies, PO

Liberal Arts and Sciences Studies and Humanities, B

Marketing/Marketing Management, B

Mass Communication/Media Studies, BM

Mathematics, BM

Mathematics Teacher Education, B

Microbiology, MD

Molecular Biology, MD

Music, BM

Music Teacher Education, B

Neuroscience, MD

Nursing - Registered Nurse Training, A

Occupational Therapy/Therapist, M

Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies, B

Pharmacology, MD

Philosophy, B

Physical Education Teaching and Coaching, BM

Physical Therapy/Therapist, M

Physician Assistant, M

Physics, B

Physics Teacher Education, B

Physiology, MD

Political Science and Government, BMO

Psychology, BMD

Public Administration, M

Science Teacher Education/General Science Teacher Education, B

Secondary Education and Teaching, BM

Social Science Teacher Education, B

Social Work, B

Sociology, BM

Spanish Language and Literature, B

Spanish Language Teacher Education, B

Special Education and Teaching, BM

Speech and Interpersonal Communication, M

Speech Teacher Education, B

Substance Abuse/Addiction Counseling, B

Theater, M

WESTERN DAKOTA TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

Agricultural Business and Management, A

Animal/Livestock Husbandry and Production, A

Automobile/Automotive Mechanics Technology/Technician, A

Business Administration and Management, A

Computer Installation and Repair Technology/Technician, A

Criminal Justice/Police Science, A

Drafting and Design Technology/Technician, A

Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/Technician, A

Electrical/Electronics Equipment Installation and Repair, A

Farm/Farm and Ranch Management, A

Industrial Electronics Technology/Technician, A

Legal Assistant/Paralegal, A

Machine Shop Technology/Assistant, A

Management Information Systems and Services, A

Medical Transcription/Transcriptionist, A