2001 Baltimore, Maryland (BWI)

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2001 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND (BWI)

Baltimore–Washington International Airport lies in a region about midway between the rigorous climates of the North and the mild climates of the South, and adjacent to the modifying influences of the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Appalachian Mountains to the west. Since this region is near the average path of the low pressure systems which move across the country, changes in wind direction are frequent and contribute to the changeable character of the weather. The net effect of the mountains to the west and the bay and ocean to the east is to produce a more equable climate compared with other continental locations farther inland at the same latitude.

Rainfall distribution throughout the year is rather uniform, however, the greatest intensities are confined to the summer and early fall months, the season for hurricanes and severe thunderstorms. Moisture deficiencies for crops occur occasionally during the growing season, but severe droughts are rare. Rainfall during the growing season occurs principally in the form of thunderstorms, and rainfall totals during these months vary appreciably.

The average date for the last occurrence in spring of temperatures as low as 32 degrees is mid–April. The average date for the first occurrence in fall of temperatures as low as 32 degrees is late October. The freeze–free period is approximately 194 days.

In summer, the area is under the influence of the large semi–permanent high pressure system commonly known as the Bermuda High and centered over the Atlantic Ocean near 30 degrees N Latitude. This pressure system brings warm humid air to the area. The proximity of large water areas and the inflow of southerly winds contribute to high relative humidities during much of the year.

January is the coldest month, and July, the warmest. Snowfall occurs on about eleven days per year on the average, however, an average of only about six days annually produces snowfalls of 1 inch or greater. Snow is frequently mixed with rain and sleet, and snow seldom remains on the ground more than a few days.

Glaze or freezing rain which is hazardous to highway traffic occurs on an average of two to three times per year, generally in January or February. Some years pass without the occurrence of freezing rain, while in others it occurs on as many as eight to ten days. Sleet is observed on about five days annually with the greatest frequency of occurrence in January.

The annual prevailing wind direction is from the west. Winter and spring months have the highest average wind speed. Destructive velocities are rare and occur mostly during summer thunderstorms. Only rarely have hurricanes in the vicinity caused widespread damage, then primarily through flooding.

NORMALS, MEANS, AND EXTREMES

BALTIMORE, MD (BWI)

LATITUDE:    LONGITUDE:    ELEVATION (FT):    TIME ZONE:    WBAN: 93721

39 10′ 20″ N  76 41′ 02″ W  GRND: 193  BARO: 196  EASTERN (UTC + 5)

ELEMENTPORJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECYEAR
TEMPERATURE FNORMAL DAILY MAXIMUM3040.243.754.064.374.283.287.285.478.567.356.545.265.0
MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM5141.544.853.465.074.483.287.385.378.567.656.245.465.2
HIGHEST DAILY MAXIMUM517579899498101104105100928377105
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE197520001998196019911994198819831983195419741998AUG 1983
MEAN OF EXTREME MAXS.5162.366.176.385.090.095.197.095.492.283.274.865.781.9
NORMAL DAILY MINIMUM3023.425.934.142.552.661.866.865.758.445.937.128.245.2
MEAN DAILY MINIMUM5124.626.533.843.052.661.766.865.458.146.136.628.445.3
LOWEST DAILY MINIMUM51-7-3620324050453525130-7
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE198419791960196519661972200119861963196919551983JAN 1984
MEAN OF EXTREME MINS.516.910.719.028.938.648.955.953.642.931.621.512.630.9
NORMAL DRY BULB3031.834.844.153.463.472.577.075.668.556.646.836.755.1
MEAN DRY BULB5133.035.743.653.963.472.477.175.568.456.846.536.955.3
MEAN WET BULB1730.633.038.547.757.165.970.068.562.251.840.232.049.8
MEAN DEW POINT1723.325.230.040.151.361.365.964.758.346.934.325.443.9
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
MAXIMUM 90300.00.00.00.41.45.811.38.03.40.00.00.030.3
MAXIMUM 32307.24.20.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.13.615.5
MINIMUM 323025.321.114.03.4*0.00.00.00.01.910.221.197.0
MINIMUM 0300.50.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0*0.6
H/CNORMAL HEATING DEG. DAYS301029846648348108000292765468774707
NORMAL COOLING DEG. DAYS3000005922737232913416001137
RHNORMAL (PERCENT)3063615959666869717170666666
HOUR 01 LST3067666567768181828279737074
HOUR 07 LST3070707071777981838482777376
HOUR 13 LST3056545048535253555553555753
HOUR 19 LST3061585452606263666867636361
SPERCENT POSSIBLE SUNSHINE4051555656566264626058514957
W/OMEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
HEAVY FOG (VISBY 1/4 MI)523.13.22.51.81.60.90.81.01.32.52.63.124.4
THUNDERSTORMS520.30.20.82.44.05.45.94.92.01.00.40.127.4
CLOUDINESSMEAN:
SUNRISE-SUNSET (OKTAS)465.15.05.05.05.04.64.44.44.24.14.85.04.7
MIDNIGHT-MIDNIGHT (OKTAS)324.94.74.84.64.74.44.34.24.23.94.54.84.5
MEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
CLEAR478.07.77.97.77.78.48.99.210.311.68.18.1103.6
PARTLY CLOUDY477.56.88.79.010.311.411.510.58.37.98.06.9106.8
CLOUDY4715.513.814.413.413.010.29.910.610.710.913.215.3150.9
PRMEAN STATION PRESSURE(IN)2829.9029.9129.8929.8029.8029.8029.8029.9029.9029.9029.9129.9129.87
MEAN SEA-LEVEL PRES. (IN)1730.1030.0930.0429.9829.9929.9730.0030.0330.0630.1130.1130.1330.05
WINDSMEAN SPEED (MPH)519.59.910.610.28.98.37.77.67.98.29.09.08.9
PREVAIL. DIR (TENS OF DEGS)1629293029282525252727282928
MAXIMUM 2-MINUTE:
SPEED (MPH)540404136393838343431364141
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)30292832292827282629272828
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE200020011997200119971997199719971999200120002000DEC 2000
MAXIMUM 5-SECOND:
SPEED (MPH)553485352494644534440445454
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)28292823323126272727272828
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199920011997199819972000199719971999200120002000DEC 2000
PRECIPITATIONNORMAL (IN)303.053.123.383.093.723.673.693.923.412.983.323.4140.76
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)517.847.168.648.158.719.958.1818.3511.508.097.687.4418.35
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE197919791994195219891972196019551999197619521969AUG 1955
MINIMUM MONTHLY (IN)510.290.560.930.390.370.150.300.770.21T0.310.20T
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE195519781966198519861954195519511967196319811955OCT 1963
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)513.113.263.182.803.645.235.868.356.043.493.433.398.35
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE197619831958195219601972195219551985195519521977AUG 1955
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
PRECIPITATION 0.013010.29.410.010.510.99.29.69.47.27.49.09.2112.0
PRECIPITATION 1.00300.50.70.70.70.71.11.11.11.00.90.90.910.3
SNOWFALLNORMAL (IN)306.67.53.00.*T0.00.00.00.00.*1.13.621.8
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)5132.633.121.60.7T0.0T0.00.00.38.420.433.1
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199619791960198519631992197919671966FEB 1979
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)5116.822.813.00.7T0.0T0.00.00.38.414.122.8
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199619831962198519631992197919671960FEB 1983
MAXIMUM SNOW DEPTH (IN)50302370000000061270
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE19571983196019871960MAR 1960
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
SNOWFALL 1.0301.81.80.80.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.30.95.6
PRECIPITATION (inches) 2001 BALTIMORE, MD (BWI)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
19722.826.012.385.304.119.952.812.221.153.517.055.0252.33
19732.812.823.966.413.733.164.223.354.872.861.286.3645.83
19742.920.944.122.593.582.840.855.855.451.531.395.7037.76
19753.472.475.172.734.633.827.154.238.622.892.034.6151.82
19764.102.162.231.275.032.495.562.986.938.090.562.0443.44
19771.360.633.933.051.493.442.623.310.625.175.015.7636.39
19787.340.564.741.265.492.816.833.391.030.712.704.6341.49
19797.847.162.053.374.155.743.719.386.735.532.450.8758.98
19802.581.065.464.243.583.043.254.001.003.082.720.7034.71
19810.492.931.142.043.635.404.591.932.892.570.313.3031.22
19823.374.043.033.611.855.702.160.953.632.313.132.3936.17
19832.214.816.806.555.475.231.311.571.763.585.026.7251.03
19841.963.905.792.954.291.653.274.112.381.943.011.7136.96
19852.033.032.370.396.012.442.533.726.222.484.710.8436.77
19862.163.780.962.640.371.464.124.260.581.865.965.5233.67
19875.852.220.991.864.162.635.051.617.342.255.052.0741.08
19883.243.252.352.444.370.843.782.642.051.594.780.9732.30
19893.073.364.243.168.715.987.353.383.644.901.972.1251.88
19903.711.482.544.234.922.555.686.171.072.572.104.8641.88
19913.540.735.651.681.161.081.762.543.053.201.694.0830.16
19921.272.494.581.762.921.895.072.195.962.733.444.6338.93
19932.732.848.123.683.662.561.712.554.093.023.094.4542.50
19944.594.078.642.533.022.844.543.443.931.821.951.9543.32
19952.871.882.121.923.401.803.652.983.296.244.122.6636.93
19966.802.363.573.765.684.087.384.175.654.323.776.7758.31
19972.832.235.672.403.033.741.494.211.473.435.792.0538.34
19985.656.405.563.023.463.221.420.911.271.061.131.2734.37
19994.702.653.462.271.732.042.066.1411.502.481.952.9643.94
20003.642.014.355.062.825.545.643.185.550.081.732.3141.91
20012.682.354.761.325.343.583.855.741.430.781.011.7334.57
POR=51 YRS3.132.983.903.143.603.523.794.003.542.893.043.2540.78
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (F) 2001 BALTIMORE, MD (BWI)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
197237.634.343.651.662.768.176.975.469.853.543.240.454.8
197334.634.348.353.159.673.575.976.969.858.247.337.355.7
197437.933.845.255.361.968.576.575.067.555.348.240.355.5
197538.539.142.150.466.373.076.177.966.060.751.937.256.6
197630.844.148.156.962.174.875.073.967.552.940.932.655.0
197722.936.550.057.966.771.479.077.772.156.049.235.656.3
197829.227.341.754.262.473.175.978.169.756.148.740.254.7
197933.125.648.553.164.770.775.975.768.855.750.640.355.2
198033.831.541.555.765.571.378.278.772.255.344.235.555.3
198127.938.841.957.062.274.377.374.467.753.246.234.554.6
198225.535.842.950.766.169.477.173.067.356.348.442.054.5
198334.634.745.451.861.572.178.778.069.557.347.133.255.3
198428.541.738.251.561.373.473.975.064.862.243.944.154.9
198529.338.746.057.965.170.476.474.569.458.852.433.856.1
198633.232.945.053.566.774.479.473.168.958.944.838.255.8
198732.534.346.253.165.074.580.076.169.351.547.839.855.8
198828.735.945.152.064.073.080.378.566.851.348.136.355.0
198937.936.543.852.562.073.976.074.469.058.344.825.454.5
199042.042.347.654.862.373.378.474.667.360.749.642.257.9
199135.540.746.755.970.674.679.577.869.057.845.838.757.7
199234.637.141.352.060.870.177.472.367.754.347.238.954.5
199337.931.439.452.565.072.280.276.768.855.546.536.255.2
199427.134.043.059.660.677.280.174.168.156.851.942.656.3
199539.033.247.855.264.574.581.580.170.461.142.633.957.0
199631.735.739.954.060.673.374.373.267.855.640.239.653.8
199732.841.045.551.659.570.177.374.067.356.543.738.454.8
199840.941.745.955.266.571.776.675.771.856.346.141.157.5
199935.137.641.853.264.271.580.075.768.253.949.939.155.9
200032.538.148.552.964.772.872.773.465.357.144.230.054.4
200133.138.541.855.463.474.172.877.065.256.050.742.155.8
POR=51 YRS32.935.743.653.863.472.477.075.468.556.746.436.955.2

REFERENCE NOTES:

PAGE 1:

THE TEMPERATURE GRAPH SHOWS NORMAL MAXIMUM AND NORMAL MINIMUM DAILY TEMPERATURES (SOLID CURVES) AND THE ACTUAL DAILY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES (VERTICAL BARS).

PAGE 2 AND 3:

H/C INDICATES HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS.

RH INDICATES RELATIVE HUMIDITY

W/O INDICATES WEATHER AND OBSTRUCTIONS

S INDICATES SUNSHINE.

PR INDICATES PRESSURE.

CLOUDINESS ON PAGE 3 IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA NOT TO EXCEED EIGHT EIGHTHS (OKTAS).

GENERAL:

T INDICATES TRACE PRECIPITATION, AN AMOUNT GREATER THAN ZERO BUT LESS THAN THE LOWEST REPORTABLE VALUE.

+ INDICATES THE VALUE ALSO OCCURS ON EARLIER DATES.

BLANK ENTRIES DENOTE MISSING OR UNREPORTED DATA.

NORMALS ARE 30–YEAR AVERAGES (1961–1990).

ASOS INDICATES AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM.

PM INDICATES THE LAST DAY OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH.

POR (PERIOD OF RECORD) BEGINS WITH THE JANUARY DATA MONTH AND IS THE NUMBER OF YEARS USED TO COMPUTE THE MEAN. INDIVIDUAL MONTHS WITHIN THE POR MAY BE MISSING.

WHEN THE POR FOR A NORMAL IS LESS THAN 30 YEARS, THE NORMAL IS PROVISIONAL AND IS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF YEARS INDICATED.

0.* OR * INDICATES THE VALUE OR MEAN–DAYS–WITH IS BETWEEN 0.00 AND 0.05.

CLOUDINESS FOR ASOS STATIONS DIFFERS FROM THE NON–ASOS OBSERVATION TAKEN BY A HUMAN OBSERVER. ASOS STATION CLOUDINESS IS BASED ON TIME–AVERAGED CEILOMETER DATA FOR CLOUDS AT OR BELOW 12,000 FEET AND ON SATELLITE DATA FOR CLOUDS ABOVE 12,000 FEET.

THE NUMBER OF DAYS WITH CLEAR, PARTLY CLOUDY, AND CLOUDY CONDITIONS FOR ASOS STATIONS IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA FOR THE SUNRISE TO SUNSET PERIOD.

GENERAL CONTINUED:

CLEAR INDICATES 0–2 OKTAS, PARTLY CLOUDY INDICATES 3–6 OKTAS, AND CLOUDY INDICATES 7 OR 8 OKTAS. WHEN AT LEAST ONE OF THE ELEMENTS (CEILOMETER OR SATELLITE) IS MISSING, THE DAILY CLOUDINESS IS NOT COMPUTED.

WIND DIRECTION IS RECORDED IN TENS OF DEGREES (2 DIGITS) CLOCKWISE FROM TRUE NORTH. "00" INDICATES CALM. "36" INDICATES TRUE NORTH.

RESULTANT WIND IS THE VECTOR AVERAGE OF THE SPEED AND DIRECTION.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS THE SUM OF THE MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE DIVIDED BY 2.

SNOWFALL DATA COMPRISE ALL FORMS OF FROZEN PRECIPITATION, INCLUDING HAIL.

A HEATING (COOLING) DEGREE DAY IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE AND 65 F.

DRY BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AMBIENT AIR.

DEW POINT IS THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH THE AIR MUST BE COOLED TO ACHIEVE 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

WET BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE THE AIR WOULD HAVE IF THE MOISTURE CONTENT WAS INCREASED TO 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

ON JULY 1, 1996, THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BEGAN USING THE "METAR" OBSERVATION CODE THAT WAS ALREADY EMPLOYED BY MOST OTHER NATIONS OF THE WORLD. THE MOST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE IN THIS ANNUAL PUBLICATION WILL BE THE CHANGE IN UNITS FROM TENTHS TO EIGHTS (OKTAS) FOR REPORTING THE AMOUNT OF SKY COVER.

HEATING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 BALTIMORE, MD (BWI)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972-73201635764975993585451136519114640
1973-740024221524852830868613309148144403
1974-7500493035097598187207024366624364
1975-7600501563978531050603518293133114064
1976-7700343777161001129679046924562185008
1977-780092784769041101104871531814194999
1978-79003328048376398411005203547564598
1979-8023223114257579629677232737464525
1980-810020311620908114572770625214814838
1981-820051363557940121880867742258205114
1982-83054228949570793684260241015264486
1983-840070257530979112367182539716995030
1984-850196123625643110173158925279104250
1985-8600412013789629808926133428664501
1986-8702334236598822100285357635710614608
1987-880115412511774112083861338996274796
1988-89203942450488283479266337414504659
1989-900051229600122170763155234110254439
1990-9110631954547019076745622895543905
1991-92004924657080993680273038716184698
1992-93015132852980183493478736961114706
1993-940052292553886116986167719018014861
1994-9500132563916847988855253077703936
1995-9600301766699581024840772345199125025
1996-970042283736778994667597394182534726
1997-98004930763381573764762529559224189
1998-9901252635607349197627143497194407
1999-00003733644579499977450836210284365
2000-010197254616107998473671530999124902
2001-2076289424706
COOLING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 BALTIMORE, MD (BWI)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
19720051291403793311667001058
1973000152926334437617319001219
1974004245712636131713081101038
1975000411225235140485271001245
197601058513153172841149001149
197700103712421743940122971001474
197800006326034441318212001274
1979001547218334834114528101137
198000009720341543124517001408
198100019692873892961415001206
198200049916038125911926411053
1983000185122843041021424001375
19840000592682813169841021065
1985027438917936329817817501181
1986000114329545228115854001384
198700071152924733521520001391
19880024712744854271008001371
1989001455827635129817825101206
19900019382626142230313768001274
19910022423330346240217729201634
1992000639168392232139400980
19930000702354763711753501335
199400038493744762921126301350
1995000207228952047519960301638
199600019702652952591351001044
199700002021138528712451001078
1998003991152283673412350001334
19990000542104713401380001213
2000003610224824526911517001005
200100027542902493819012201105
SNOWFALL (inches) 2001 BALTIMORE, MD (BWI)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972-730.00.00.0TTTT1.2TT0.00.01.2
1973-740.00.00.00.00.08.31.27.6TT0.00.017.1
1974-750.00.00.00.0T0.45.15.51.2T0.00.012.2
1975-760.00.00.00.00.00.71.71.37.80.00.00.011.5
1976-770.00.00.00.01.11.58.5TTT0.00.011.1
1977-780.00.00.0T0.60.512.412.38.5T0.00.034.3
1978-790.00.00.00.03.70.05.733.1TT0.00.042.5
1979-800.00.00.00.3T0.14.73.85.70.00.00.014.6
1980-810.00.00.00.0T0.24.1T0.30.00.00.04.6
1981-820.00.00.00.0T2.414.87.60.7T0.00.025.5
1982-830.00.00.00.00.07.21.227.2TT0.00.035.6
1983-840.00.00.00.0TT8.4T6.1T0.00.014.5
1984-850.00.00.00.0T0.19.10.4T0.70.00.010.3
1985-860.00.00.00.00.00.71.913.0TT0.00.015.6
1986-870.00.00.00.00.0T25.110.1TT0.00.035.2
1987-880.00.00.00.06.00.513.70.2TT0.00.020.4
1988-890.00.00.00.00.00.96.01.10.30.00.00.08.3
1989-900.00.00.00.03.810.20.5T2.70.10.00.017.3
1990-910.00.00.00.00.04.84.20.10.30.00.00.09.4
1991-92T0.00.00.0TT2.21.9TT0.00.04.1
1992-93T0.00.00.0T1.51.48.812.7T0.00.024.4
1993-940.00.00.00.0T2.94.95.34.2T0.00.017.3
1994-950.00.00.00.00.20.00.37.50.20.00.00.08.2
1995-960.00.00.00.01.02.332.619.07.6
1996-970.00.30.25.07.12.7TT0.0
1997-980.00.00.00.00.00.40.7T2.10.0T0.03.2
1998-990.00.00.00.00.03.04.00.67.60.00.00.015.2
1999-000.00.00.00.00.00.223.12.60.00.20.00.026.1
2000-010.00.00.00.0T1.33.73.7TT0.00.08.7
2001-0.00.00.00.00.00.0
POR=50 YRST0.00.00.01.03.16.36.33.60.1T0.020.4

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