WIARDA, Howard J(ohn) 1939-

PERSONAL: Born November 30, 1939, in Grosse Pointe, MI; son of John R. and Cornelia (Drooger) Wiarda; married Ieda Siqueira (a post-doctoral researcher in political science); children: Kristy, Howard, Jonathan. Education: University of Michigan, B.A., 1961; University of Florida, M.A., 1962, Ph.D., 1965; National War College, M.S.

ADDRESSES: Home—65 Chapel Rd., Amherst, MA 01002. Office—Department of Political Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; American Enterprise Institute, 1150 17th St. NW, Washington, DC 20036; Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, 1737 Cambridge St., Cambridge, MA 02138.

CAREER: Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, instructor in political science, 1965; University of Massachusetts, Amherst, assistant professor, 1965-69, associate professor, 1969-73, professor of political science and comparative labor relations, 1973—; also currently Leonard Horwitz Professor of Iberian and Latin American Studies. Chair of graduate studies program in political science, 1971-72, chair of program in Latin American Studies, 1976-80; National War College, Professor of National Security Policy. Mershon Center of Ohio State University, senior fellow, 1969-70; Harvard University, visiting scholar, 1979-80, research associate, 1985—; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, visiting professor, 1980; Center for Hemispheric Studies of American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, DC, resident scholar and director, 1981—; School of Area Studies, Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. Department of State, course chair, 1982-84; currently senior associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, and senior scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Visiting speaker or lecturer at numerous universities throughout the United States, Latin America, Israel, and Europe, including Johns Hopkins University, Georgetown University, American University, Oxford University, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, University of Santo Domingo, Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, and Pennsylvania State University, as well as at the Brookings Institute and the Smithsonian Institution. Member of area advisory committee for American republics, Council for the International Exchange of Scholars, 1982-83. Member of advisory panels of Division of International Education, U.S. Department of State, 1980—; representative to advisory council of Institute for Latin American Integration, 1985-86. Elected representative to Amherst Town Meeting, 1971-82; chair of Amherst Landlord-Tenant Relations Committee, 1974-76; member of Massachusetts State Committee on International Programs, 1974-76. Consultant to businesses, foundations, and government agencies, including Peace Corps, 1964-71; U.S. Information Agency, 1965-66, 1975, 1978, 1981—, U.S. Department of State, 1974—, and Inter-American Development Bank, 1985—; lead consultant to National Bipartisan (Kissinger) Commission on Central America, 1983-84.

MEMBER: International Studies Association, International Political Science Association, Latin American Studies Association (chair, membership committee, 1977-79; member, United States-Spain scholarly relations task force, 1981—), Caribbean Studies Association, Iberian Social Studies Association, Council of European Studies, American Political Science Association, New England Council of Latin American Studies (president, 1977-78), Northeastern Political Science Association, Phi Kappa Phi, Pi Sigma Alpha.

AWARDS, HONORS: Fulbright-Hays fellowship, 1964-65; National Endowment for the Humanities, postdoctoral fellowship, summer, 1968, senior fellowship, 1979-80; award from CHOICE, 1968, for Dictatorship and Development; foreign area fellowship from Social Science Research Council and American Council of Learned Societies, 1972-73; research grant from Center for Population Research of National Institutes of Health, 1972-74 and 1976-78; grant from American Philosophical Society, 1978-79; Rockefeller Foundation humanities fellowship, 1981-82; Commonwealth scholar, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 1985.

WRITINGS:

EDITOR

Dominican Republic: Election Factbook, Institute for the Comparative Study of Political Systems (Washington, DC), 1966.

Materials for the Study of Politics and Government in the Dominican Republic: 1930-1966, Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra (Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic), 1968.

Dictatorship and Development: The Methods of Control in Trujillo's Dominican Republic, University of Florida Press (Gainesville, FL), 1968.

The Dominican Republic: Nation in Transition, Praeger (Westport, CT), 1969.

The Brazilian Catholic Labor Movement: The Dilemmas of National Development, Labor Relations and Research Center, University of Massachusetts Press (Amherst, MA), 1969.

(And contributor) Politics and Social Change in Latin America: The Distinct Tradition, University of Massachusetts Press (Amherst, MA), 1974, 2nd revised edition, 1982, 3rd edition, Westview Press (Boulder, CO), 1992.

Dictatorship, Development and Disintegration: Politics and Social Change in the Dominican Republic, three volumes, University Microfilms (Ann Arbor, MI), 1975.

Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974, Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina (Columbia, SC), 1976.

Corporatism and Development: The Portuguese Experience, University of Massachusetts Press (Amherst, MA), 1977.

(With Harvey F. Kline) Latin American Politics and Development, Houghton, 1979, 2nd revised edition, Westview Press (Boulder, CO), 1985, 5th edition, 2000.

Critical Elections and Critical Coups: State, Society and the Military in the Processes of Latin American Development, Center for International Studies, Ohio University (Athens, OH), 1979.

(And coauthor) The Continuing Struggle for Democracy in Latin America, Westview Press (Boulder, CO), 1980.

Survey of External Communications Research: Brazil, International Communications Agency (Washington, DC), 1980.

Corporatism and National Development in Latin America, Westview Press (Boulder, CO), 1981.

From Corporatism to Neo-Syndicalism: The State, Organized Labor, and the Changing Industrial Relations Systems of Southern Europe, Center for European Studies, Harvard University (Cambridge, MA), 1981.

(With Michael J. Kryzanek) The Dominican Republic: A Caribbean Crucible, Westview Press (Boulder, CO), 1982, 2nd edition, 1992.

(And coauthor) Human Rights and U.S. Human Rights Policy, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1982.

(With Janine T. Perfit) Trade, Aid, and U.S. Economic Policy in Latin America, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1983.

(With Janine T. Perfit) Changing Dynamics of the Brazilian Economy, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1983.

(With Mark Falcoff) The Crisis in Latin America: Strategic, Economic and Political Dimensions, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1984.

In Search of Policy: The United States and Latin America, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1984.

(And coauthor) Rift and Revolution: The Central American Imbroglio, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1984.

Ethnocentrism and American Foreign Policy: Can We Understand the Third World?, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1985.

(And coauthor) New Directions in Comparative Politics, Westview Press (Boulder, CO), 1985, revised edition, with contributions by Douglas A. Chalmers and others, 1991, 3rd edition, 2002.

Finding Our Way?: Toward Maturity in U.S.-Latin American Relations, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1986.

(With Ieda Siqueira Wiarda) Population, Internal Unrest, and U.S. Security in Latin America, University of Massachusetts Press (Amherst, MA), 1986.

(With Mark Falcoff and others) The Communist Challenge in the Caribbean and Central America, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1987.

Latin America at the Crossroads: Debt, Development, and the Future, Westview Press (Boulder, CO), 1987.

(With Michael J. Kryzanek) The Politics of External Influence in the Dominican Republic, Praeger (Westport, CT), 1988.

(With Ieda Siqueira Wiarda) The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1989.

(Editor) On the Agenda: Current Issues and Conflicts in U.S. Foreign Policy, Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown Higher Education (Glenview, IL), 1990.

The Democratic Revolution in Latin America: History, Politics, and U.S. Policy, Holmes & Meier (New York, NY), 1990.

Foreign Policy without Illusion: How Foreign Policymaking Works and Fails to Work in the United States, Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown Higher Education (Glenview, IL), 1990.

American Foreign Policy toward Latin America in the 80s and 90s: Issues and Controversies from Reagan to Bush, New York University Press (New York, NY), 1992.

Politics in Iberia: The Political Systems of Spain and Portugal, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 1993.

Introduction to Comparative Politics: Concepts and Processes, Wadsworth (Belmont, CA), 1993, 2nd edition, Harcourt (Fort Worth, TX), 2000.

Latin American Politics: A New World of Possibility, Wadsworth (Belmont, CA), 1995.

Democracy and Its Discontents: Development, Interdependence, and U.S. Policy in Latin America, Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD), 1995.

(Editor) U.S. Foreign and Strategic Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: A Geopolitical Perspective, Greenwood Press (Westport, CT), 1996.

American Foreign Policy: Actors and Processes, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 1996.

Iberia and Latin America: New Democracies, New Policies, New Models, Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD), 1996.

Cracks in the Consensus: Debating the Democracy Agenda in U.S. Foreign Policy, foreword by Georges A. Fauriol, Praeger (Westport, CT), 1997.

Corporatism and Comparative Politics: The Other Great "Ism", M. E. Sharpe (Armonk, NY), 1997.

(Editor) Non-Western Theories of Development: Regional Norms versus Global Trends, with contributions by Steven Boilard and others, Harcourt (Fort Worth, TX), 1999.

Universities, Think Tanks, and War Colleges: A Memoir, Xlibris (Philadelphia, PA), 1999.

(With Harvey F. Kline) An Introduction to Latin American Politics and Development, Westview Press (Boulder, CO), 2001.

The Soul of Latin America: The Cultural and Political Tradition, Yale University Press (New Haven, CT), 2001.

(With Margaret MacLeish Mott) Catholic Roots and Democratic Flowers: Political Systems in Spain and Portugal, Praeger (Westport, CT), 2001.

(Editor) European Politics in the Age of Globalization, Harcourt (Fort Worth, TX), 2001.

(Editor) Comparative Democracy and Democratization, contributions by Steve D. Boilard, Harcourt (Fort Worth, TX), 2002.

CONTRIBUTOR

Gary J. Mounce and Ann H. Sutherland, editors, After Santo Domingo, What?: United States Intervention in Latin America; an Inquiry, Colloquy on Public Issues, University of Texas (Austin, TX), 1966.

Caribbean Area Studies Seminar: Readings, Center for Advanced International Studies, University of Miami (Coral Gables, FL), 1968.

Ben G. Burnett and Kenneth Johnson, editors, Political Forces in Latin America: Dimensions of the Quest for Political Stability, Wadsworth (Belmont, CA), 1968, revised edition, 1970.

Eugenio Chang-Rodriguez, editor, The Lingering Crisis: A Case Study of the Dominican Republic, Las Americas (New York, NY), 1969.

Wayne A. Cornelius and Richard R. Fagen, editors, Political Power in Latin America, Prentice-Hall (Englewood Cliffs, NJ), 1970.

Martin Needler, editor, Political Systems of Latin America, Van Nostrand (New York, NY), 1970.

H. Jon Rosenbaum and William Tyler, editors, Contemporary Brazil: Issues in Economic and Political Development, Praeger (Westport, CT), 1972.

Lewis Hanke, editor, History of Latin American Civilization, Volume 2, Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1973.

Terry McCoy, editor, Dynamics of Population Policy in Latin America, Ballinger (Cambridge, MA), 1974.

Frederick Pike and Thomas Stritch, editors, The New Corporatism: Social and Political Structures in the Iberian World, University of Notre Dame Press (Notre Dame, IN), 1974.

L. Graham and H. Makler, editors, Contemporary Portugal, University of Texas Press (Austin, TX), 1979.

Peter Merkl, editor, Western European Party Systems, Free Press (New York, NY), 1980.

Roberta Delson, editor, Readings in Caribbean History and Economics, Gordon & Breach (New York, NY), 1981.

Latin America and the United States after the Falklands/Malvinas Crisis: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, House of Representatives, Government Printing Office (Washington, DC), 1982.

Presidential Certification on Progress in El Salvador: Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Government Printing Office (Washington, DC), 1983.

Jack Child, editor, Maintenance of Peace and Security in the Caribbean and Central America, International Peace Academy (New York, NY), 1983.

Alan Adelman and Reid Reading, editors, Confrontation in the Caribbean Basin, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, PA), 1983.

(With Michael J. Kryzanek) Jack W. Hopkins, editor, Latin America and the Caribbean Contemporary Record, Volume 2, Holmes & Meier (New York, NY), 1983.

Appendix to the Report of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America, Government Printing Office (Washington, DC), 1984.

James R. Green and Brent Scowcroft, editors, Western Interests and U.S. Policy Options in the Caribbean Basin, Oelgeschlager, Gunn & Hain for the Atlantic Council (Boston, MA), 1984.

K. Grieb, editor, Research Guide to Central America and the Caribbean, University of Wisconsin Press (Madison, WI), 1984.

Robert Leiken, editor, Central America: Anatomy of Conflict, Pergamon (New York, NY), 1984.

Jack Hopkins, editor, Latin America, Holmes & Meier (New York, NY), 1985.

Kevin Middlebrook and Carlos Rico, editors, The United States and Latin America, University of Pittsburgh Press (Pittsburgh, PA), 1985.

Michael J. Novak, editor, Latin America and the United States, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1985.

Jiri Valenta, editor, Soviet/Cuban Strategy in the Third World after Grenada, Westview (Boulder, CO), 1985.

John Saunders, editor, Population Growth in Latin America and U.S. National Security, Allen & Unwin (Sydney, Australia), 1986.

Also contributor to Soviet Foreign Policy, edited by Helmut Sonnenfeldt.

OTHER

General editor of occasional papers series for program in Latin American studies, University of Massachusetts, 1976-80, and Center for Hemispheric Studies, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC), 1981—. Contributor to Encyclopaedia Britannica and Encyclopedia of Latin America. Contributor of numerous articles and reviews on Latin America and western Europe to journals, including Dissent, American Political Science Review, New Republic, Polymagma, Caribbean Monthly Bulletin, Review of Politics, Iberian Studies, World Politics, Western Political Quarterly, Social Science Quarterly, Journal of Politics, and Latin American Research Review.

Editorial assistant of Hispanic American Historical Review, 1962; advisory editor of Social Science Quarterly, 1968-72, and Western Political Quarterly, 1973-75; editor, Polity, 1979-81; member of board of editors for Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs, 1983—, and Foreign Policy and Defense Review, 1983—; guest editor of special issue of Foreign Policy and Defense Review, 1984. Manuscript reviewer for American Political Science Review, Comparative Politics, Journal of Developing Areas, Journal of Inter-American Studies, Journal of Politics, Polity, Social Science Quarterly, Western Political Quarterly, and World Politics.

WORK IN PROGRESS: The State and Development in Latin America, for American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (Washington, DC).

SIDELIGHTS: As a political scientist, Howard J. Wiarda's professional interests range broadly, from Iberia and Latin America, to the policies of Washington think tanks, to "corporatism" and the state incorporation of social groups.

A significant portion of Wiarda's work has focused on Iberian, Latin American, and other Hispanic cultures around the world. In Iberia and Latin America: New Democracies, New Policies, New Models, Wiarda "gives a useful and concise introduction to the complex connection between their histories, cultures, and policies," wrote Kenneth Maxwell in Foreign Affairs. E. Ramon Arango, commenting on Iberia and Latin America in Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, noted, "There is a wistful, nostalgic quality to this short but thought-provoking study." The book focuses on Wiarda's notion that there exists "a uniquely Hispanic way to modernization, development, and democracy just as valid and fine but distinct from the American (or Anglo-American and European) models," Arango said. This vision "will never become reality" because the ties between Hispanic nations, "ties so uniquely Hispanic that they could never be broken," Arango wrote, "simply do not exist or perhaps never existed to the extent necessary to create an entirely new way of explaining cultural and political reality."

In Corporatism and Comparative Politics: The Other Great "Ism," Wiarda addresses the phenomenon of corporatism, "the state incorporation of social groups in many eras and regions," wrote Douglas A. Chalmers in American Political Science Review. Wiarda's early work, Chalmers said, described "the institutions resulting from distinctive cultural traditions in Latin America as corporatist." Corporatism and Comparative Politics "seeks to provide a guide to the phenomenon, its various meanings, some scholarly contributors, and the trends in corporatist institutions themselves," Chalmers observed. "A rapid overview, it reads a bit like notes for an interesting class, using different perspectives, providing references to research topics and, once, even admonishing the reader to review earlier chapters." Wiarda's use of the term "corporatism" to refer to a number of concepts, including political ideas, institutions themselves, and the methods used by social scientists to organize theory and research, "is a bit confusing," Chalmers wrote, because Wiarda is "not always clear which he is addressing at any one time." However, Chalmers concludes, "With its many references to different institutions and rich set of classifications, this book could serve as an introduction to the concept [of corporatism]. It needs to be supplemented, however, by more analysis before the idea of a third great 'ism' can be taken seriously."

Wiarda draws upon his years at the American Enterprise Institute, a Washington think tank, in Universities, Think Tanks, and War Colleges: A Memoir. Wiarda "offers an insider's view of tank life and those who live it," wrote Richard Morin and Claudia Deane in the Washington Post. He presents an unvarnished report of the lives and professions of policy makers and associated intellectuals, recounting "policy battles he fought as a moderately conservative scholar during the Reagan years," commenting on near-celebrity thinkers such as Jeane Kirkpatrick, and even admitting that think tanks have groupies, just like rock bands and sports stars. However, "This is no tedious, treacly tome," Morin and Deane observed. "Wiarda dishes hard, both on friends and on enemies."

Returning to Latin America in The Soul of Latin America: The Cultural and Political Tradition, Wiarda "covers a broad range of Iberian and Latin American history in a rather compact text [and with an] impressive amount of details," wrote a reviewer in Publishers Weekly. Rather than seeking that "soul" in Latin America's art, literature, and music, Wiarda instead looks to the region's "political ideas and political traditions, in the sweep of time from what he sees as their deep medieval (even classical) roots to the wave of comprehensive re-democratization that followed the military regimes of the 1960s and 70s," wrote Simon Collier in the Times Literary Supplement. Despite some historical inaccuracies and open-ended conclusions, "Wiarda puts forward his arguments with an air of sublime confidence," Collier remarked. The Publishers Weekly critic concluded, "With his strengths in political, rather than historical, analysis, [Wiarda] provides an insightful beginning text for anyone interested in Latin America or any of its very different countries."

Wiarda once told CA: "I very much enjoy the research and writing opportunities that being a teacher and scholar affords. I suppose it stems from a fascination with language and the power of words, and a longtime career as a writer and editor, first in junior high, then in high school, later on [at] the Michigan Daily with Tom Hayden. He went on to marry Jane Fonda, while I turned to more academic writing, although always with a political message. I've also been fortunate in having the time and research facilities to do extensive writing, and a wonderful family that has been very supportive."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

PERIODICALS

American Historical Review, December, 1987, review of The Iberian-Latin American Connection, p. 1321.

American Political Science Review, March, 1987, review of New Directions in Comparative Politics, p. 304; June, 1989, Robert Dash, review of Finding Our Way?: Toward Maturity in U.S.-Latin American Relations, pp. 692-693; March, 1990, Richard Gunther, review of The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal, pp. 352-353; March, 1997, review of Democracy and Its Discontents: Development, Interdependence and U.S. Policy in Latin America, p. 244; December, 1997, Douglas A. Chalmers, review of Corporatism and Comparative Politics: The Other Great "Ism," p. 996.

Americas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, January, 1994, review of The Dominican Republic, p. 440.

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, November, 1988, Philip B. Taylor, Jr., review of Latin America at the Crossroads: Debt, Development, and the Future, pp. 145-146; November, 1997, E. Ramon Arango, review of Iberia and Latin America: New Democracies, New Policies, New Models, p. 221; January, 1999, Michael Grow, review of Democracy and Its Discontents, p. 200.

Bookwatch, October, 1992, review of American Policy toward Latin America in the 80s and 90s, p. 7.

Canadian Journal of Political Science, September, 1996, Malcolm Grieve, review of Democracy and Its Discontents, pp. 598-599.

CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries, April, 1987, review of The Iberian-Latin American Connection, p. 1285; May, 1987, review of Latin America at the Crossroads, p. 1448; July, 1988, review of The Communist Challenge in the Caribbean and Central America, p. 1754; September, 1988, review of Finding Our Way?, p. 220; November, 1990, review of The Democratic Revolution in Latin America: History, Politics, and U.S. Policy, p. 560; January, 1993, D. L. Feldman, review of American Foreign Policy toward Latin America in the 80s and 90s, p. 878; July, 1996, B. T. Trout, review of U.S. Foreign and Strategic Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: A Geopolitical Perspective, p. 1872; September, 1996, review of Democracy and Its Discontents, p. 207; April, 1997, review of Corporatism and Comparative Politics, p. 1408; October, 2001, J. A. Rhodes, review of An Introduction to Latin American Politics and Development, p. 385.

Current History, December, 1988, Mary M. Anderberg, review of The Politics of External Influence in the Dominican Republic, p. 430; February, 1993, Sean Patrick Murphy, review of American Foreign Policy toward Latin America in the 80s and 90s, p. 90.

Economist, September 8, 1990, review of The Democratic Revolution in Latin America, pp. 102-103.

Foreign Affairs, spring, 1988, Abraham F. Lowenthal, review of Finding Our Way?, p. 880; April, 1990, review of The Democratic Revolution in Latin America, p. 186; fall, 1990, Abraham F. Lowenthal, review of The Democratic Revolution in Latin America, p. 186; November-December, 1993, Kenneth Maxwell, review of American Foreign Policy toward Latin America in the 80s and 90s; Issues and Controversies from Reagan to Bush, p. 171; May-June, 1997, Kenneth Maxwell, review of Iberia and Latin America, p. 138; March-April, 1998, Francis Fukuyama, review of Cracks in the Consensus: Debating the Democracy Agenda in U.S. Foreign Policy, p. 140.

Hispanic American Historical Review, February, 1988, review of The Iberian-Latin American Connection, p. 192; November, 1989, Darrell E. Levi, review of The Politics of External Influence in the Dominican Republic, pp. 786-787; August, 1991, John A. Peeler, review of The Democratic Revolution in Latin America, pp. 662-663; August, 1994, review of Politics and Social Change in Latin America, p. 506.

International Affairs, spring, 1988, Malcolm Deas, review of The Communist Challenge in the Caribbean and Central America, pp. 331-332; April, 1992, James Dunkerley, review of Latin American Politics and Development, p. 393; January, 1998, Klaus Dodds, review of Iberia and Latin America: New Democracies, New Policies, New Models, pp. 248-249; July, 1998, Dominique Fournier, review of Cracks in the Consensus: Debating the Democracy Agenda in U.S. Foreign Policy, pp. 721-722; October, 2001, Alan Knight, review of The Soul of Latin America: Political and Cultural Tradition, pp. 1031-1032.

Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, fall, 1989, Jan Knippers Black, review of The Politics of External Influence in the Dominican Republic, p. 216.

Journal of Latin American Studies, October, 1991, George Philip, review of The Democratic Revolution in Latin America, pp. 676-677; October, 1993, Gordon Connell-Smith, review of American Foreign Policy toward Latin America in the 80s and 90s, pp. 689-691.

Journal of Politics, November, 1988, Kenneth G. Hartman, review of Latin America at the Crossroads, p. 1142.

Latin American Research Review, September, 1987, Susan C. Bourque, review of Latin American Politics and Development, p. 245; summer, 1989, James D. Cochrane, review of The Communist Challenge in the Caribbean and Central America, p. 211; summer, 1991, James D. Cochrane, review of The Iberian-Latin American Connection: Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy, p. 213.

National Review, March 18, 1988, Chilton Williamson, Jr., review of The Communist Challenge in the Caribbean and Central America, p. 58.

Naval War College Review, summer, 1998, review of Democracy and Its Discontents, p. 146.

New York Times Book Review, October 28, 1984.

New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, fall, 1991, review of Latin American Policies and Development, pp. 635-636.

Orbis, summer, 1991, Alan Luxenburg, review of The Democratic Revolution in Latin America, pp. 479-480; winter, 1993, Michael Radu, review of American Foreign Policy toward Latin America in the 80s and 90s, pp. 183-184.

Parameters: U.S. Army War College Quarterly, winter, 1996, review of Democracy and Its Discontents, p. 155; spring, 1999, review of Latin American Politics and Development, p. 169.

Perspective, summer, 1989, review of The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal, p. 114.

Perspectives on Political Science, fall, 1991, review of Latin American Politics and Development, p. 234; fall, 1991, review of The Democratic Revolution in Latin America, p. 235.

Policy Review, winter, 1988, review of Rift and Revolution, p. 85.

Political Science Quarterly, spring, 1998, Gerard Alexander, review of Iberia and Latin America: New Democracies, New Policies, New Models, p. 161.

Publishers Weekly, April 2, 2001, review of The Soul of Latin America, p. 52.

Reference & Research Book News, December, 1990, review of Latin American Politics and Development, p. 6; December, 1991, review of New Directions in Comparative Politics, p. 20; February, 1993, review of American Foreign Policy toward Latin America in the 80s and 90s, p. 11; March, 1993, review of The Dominican Republic: A Caribbean Crucible, p. 12; March, 1996, review of U.S. Foreign and Strategic Policy in the Post-Cold War Era, p. 14; February, 1997, review of Corporatism and Comparative Politics, p. 59; February, 1998, review of Cracks in the Consensus, p. 36.

Slavic Review, winter, 1989, Stephen G. Rabe, review of The Communist Challenge in the Caribbean and Central America, pp. 665-666.

Times Literary Supplement, December 9, 1988, Kenneth Maxwell, review of The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal: Real or Wishful?, p. 1367; August 24, 2001, Simon Collier, "Sailing to Modernity," review of The Soul of Latin America, p. 27.

Washington Post, January 18, 2000, Richard Morin and Claudia Deane, "The Ideas Industry: Groupie-Think and Other Hot Times in the Tank," review of Universities, Think Tanks, and War Colleges: A Memoir, p. A15.*