THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT IN THE 20TH CENTURY: FURTHER READING

Criticism

Chadwick, Whitney. "In and Out of the Mainstream." In Women, Art, and Society, pp. 297-346. London: Thames and Hudson, 1991.

Traces developments in the world of fine art as they relate to women from World War II onward.

Chafe, William H. "The Road to Equality 1962-Today." In No Small Courage: A History of Women in the United States, edited by Nancy F. Cott, pp. 529-86. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Detailed analysis of the social and historical factors that contributed to the rise of the women's movement in the 1960s and beyond.

Davis, Angela. Woman, Race, and Class. New York: Random House, 1981, 271 p.

Comments on aspects of race and class in a critique of the feminist movement.

Davis, Flora. "The Founding of NOW." In Moving the Mountain: The Women's Movement in America since 1960, pp. 49-68. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.

Examination of the social, economic, and cultural factors that provided a fertile ground for the founding of the National Organization for Women in 1966 and its chief legal victories during the next several years.

De Hart, Jane Sherron. "Rights and Representation: Women, Politics, and Power in the Contemporary United States." In U.S. History as Women's History, edited by Linda K. Kerber, Alice Kessler-Harris, and Kathryn Kish Sklar, pp. 214-42. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.

Discusses aspects of women's involvement in politics during the 1980s and 1990s.

De Hart, Jane Sherron, and Donald Mathews. "The Cultural Politics of the ERA's Defeat." In Feminist Frontiers II: Rethinking Sex, Gender, and Society, edited by Laurel Richardson and Verta Taylor, pp. 458-63. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989.

Explores the social and cultural factors that contributed to the failed campaign to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment.

Echols, Alice. Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America 1967-1975. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989, 416 p.

Discusses the historical and social conditions that led to the emergence of radical feminism in the 1960s.

Friedan, Betty. "The Problem That Has No Name." In The Feminine Mystique, pp. 15-32. New York: W. W. Norton, 1963.

The first chapter of her influential work The Feminine Mystique, Friedan identifies the underlying feelings of dissatisfaction and unhappiness experienced by American women in the early 1960s.

Freedman, Estelle B. No Turning back: The History of Feminism and the Future of Women. New York: Ballantine Books, 2002, 446 p.

Survey of the history of the women's movement.

Freeman, Jo. The Politics of Women's Liberation. New York: David McKay, 1975, 268 p.

An in-depth study of the legal and political issues stemming from the feminist movement in the 1960s and 1970s.

Gelb, Joyce. "Feminism in Government: Advocacy and Policy-Making." In Feminism and Politics: A Comparative Perspective, pp. 90-136. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

Examines legislature related to women in the United States and Great Britain.

Gelb, Joyce, and Marian Lief Palley. Women and Public Policies. 2nd ed. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1996, 268 p.

Explores feminist responses to the U.S. political and judicial system, focusing on Title IX and reproductive issues.

Ginsburg, Faye. Contested Lives: The Abortion Debate in the American Community. 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998, 337 p.

Outlines the course of the debate regarding women's reproductive rights in the second half of the twentieth century.

Harrison, Cynthia. On Account of Sex: The Politics of Women's Issues, 1945-1968. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988, 337 p.

Detailed exploration of the main political and legal issues in the early phase of the feminist movement.

Hartmann, Susan M. From Margin to Mainstream: American Women and Politics Since 1960. New York: Knopf, 1989, 218 p.

A history of feminist political involvement, legal battles, and changes in the workplace.

Hazou, Winnie. The Social and Legal Status of Women: A Global Perspective. New York: Praeger, 1990, 222 p.

Comments on women in relation to family, law, and employment, focusing on the United States and its connection to global trends.

Heywood, Leslie, and Jennifer Drake, eds. Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997, 268 p.

Detailed discussion of the characteristics, representation, and activism of third-wave feminists.

Hirsch, Marianne, and Evelyn Fox Keller, eds. Conflicts in Feminism. New York: Routledge, 1990, 397 p.

Collection of essays on historical, social, and literary aspects of feminism.

Kerber, Linda K., and Jane Sherron De Hart. Women's America: Refocusing the Past. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991, 588 p.

Anthology of primary writings of the feminist movement, with commentary by the editors.

Kolodny, Annette. "The Lady's Nor for Spurning: Kate Millett and the Critics." Contemporary Literature 17, no. 4 (1976): 541-62.

Uses reviews of Kate Millett's Flying as a starting point for discussing criticism by and about women's writing.

Linden-Ward, Blanche, and Carol Hurd Green. Changing the Future: American Women in the 1960s. New York: Twayne, 1992, 585 p.

Examines changes in legislation, employment, and social trends that affected the lives of women in the 1960s.

Luker, Kristin. Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984, 324 p.

Surveys the legal, political, and social issues involved in the fight for women's reproductive rights.

Mansbridge, Jane. Why We Lost the ERA. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986, 327 p.

Examines the progress of the Equal Rights Amendment and the reasons for its failure to be ratified.

Riddle, John M. Eve's Herbs: A History of Contraception and Abortion in the West. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997, 341 p.

Explores the history, social implications, and legal ramifications of contraception in the West, with emphasis on the last few decades of the twentieth century.

Rosen, Ruth. The World Split Open: How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America. New York: Viking, 2000, 446 p.

Traces social changes brought about by the women's movement from the 1950s through the 1980s backlash and beyond.

Roszak, Betty, and Theodore Roszak, eds. Masculine/Feminine: Readings in Sexual Mythology and the Liberation of Women. New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1969, 316 p.

Wide-ranging collection of primary sources and contemporary commentaries on "the man problem," male involvement in feminism, and the growth of feminist militancy.

Scanlon, Jennifer, ed. Significant Contemporary American Feminists: A Biographical Sourcebook. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1991, 361 p.

Biographical reference work on figures in the women's movement.

Schacht, Steven P., and Doris W. Ewing, eds. Feminism and Men: Reconstructing Gender Relations. New York: New York University Press, 1998, 310 p.

Collection of essays focusing on gender politics and possible roles for men in the feminist movement.

Smith, Barbara. "For All My Sisters, Especially Beverly and Demita." In Toward a Black Feminist Criticism, pp. 1-17. Freedom, Ca.: Out & Out Books, 1977.

One of the first formal essays outlining a theory of black feminist criticism. Smith deplores the lack of a space for black feminist writers in mainstream publications, and explores the connections between politics, artistry, race, and gender issues as they pertain to black women authors.

Vacker, Barry. "Skyscrapers, Supermodels, and Strange Attractors: Ayn Rand, Naomi Wolf, and the Third Wave Aesthos." In Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand, edited by Mimi Reisel Gladstein and Chris Matthew Sciabarra, pp. 115-56. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.

Explores interrelationships between architecture, fashion, and philosophy and their connection to artistic ideals and the aesthetic principles of third-wave feminism.

OTHER SOURCES FROM GALE:

Additional coverage of the Feminist Movement is contained in the following sources published by the Gale Group: Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vols. 65, 76, 180.