needs, hierarchy of
needs, hierarchy of The central concept in Abraham Maslow's theory of self-actualization. He proposed that human desires are innately given and exist in an ascending hierarchy. Basic physiological needs—food, sleep, protection from extreme hazards of the environment—must first be met. Then the needs for safety and security become paramount: we need some kind of order, certainty, and structure in our lives. Once these are met the third need, to belong and to love, comes into play. Fourth in the hierarchy is the need for self-esteem—for both self-respect and esteem from other people. When all these needs have been met, the fifth and highest need emerges: namely, the need for self-actualization, or the desire to become everything that one can become. As Maslow states in Motivation and Personality (1970), ‘a musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write if he is to be at peace with himself. What a man can be, he must be. He must be true to his own nature.’ Part of Maslow's research involved the study of self-actualized people, and he provided substantial listings of the characteristics of such individuals. His work has led to the study of ‘peak’ experiences, and the growth of a transpersonal, often more spiritual psychology.
More From encyclopedia.com
Need , need / nēd/ • v. [tr.] 1. require (something) because it is essential or very important: I need help now| this shirt needs washing | they need to win… Self-actualization , Self-Actualization
A prominent term in humanistic psychology that refers to the basic human need for self-fulfillment.
The term self-actualization wa… Needs , Human needs are advocated, rejected, or problematized by different groups of scholars. This essay deals only with the first group. For surveys of “re… The Self , The concept of the Self that was proposed by Heinz Kohut in The Analysis of the Self (1971) is not a Freudian concept and it does not appear as such… Self-esteem , Self-Esteem
Self-esteem is a concept that has been used to explain a vast array of emotional, motivational, and behavioral phenomena. Most Americans… Self , The term self is used in several different senses. It can refer to the ensemble of the psychic agencies, the narcissistic organization of the psyche,…
You Might Also Like
NEARBY TERMS
needs, hierarchy of