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Chemistry: General
isomorphism

isomorphism , of minerals, similarity of crystal structure between two or more distinct substances. Sodium nitrate and calcium sulfate are isomorphous, as are the sulfates of barium, strontium, and lead. Crystals of isomorphous substances are almost identical. The substances sometimes crystallize together in a solid solution. Isomorphous substances usually have similar chemical formulas, and the polarizability and ratio of anion and cation radii are generally comparable (see ion ). Isomorphism was discovered (c.1820) by Eilhard Mitscherlich, who stated the principle that isomorphous substances have similar chemical formulas; this principle was used by J. J. Berzelius in determining chemical formulas and combining weights. See polymorphism ; mineral ; crystal .

isomorphism

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views updated May 21 2018

isomorphism A homomorphism that, when viewed as a function, is a bijection. If φ : G → H

is an isomorphism then the algebras G and H are said to be isomorphic and so exhibit the same algebraic properties. Isomorphic trees are trees that are isomorphic as directed graphs.

A Dictionary of Computing JOHN DAINTITH

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isomorphous

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views updated May 08 2018

isomorphous Applied to two compounds having the same, or nearly the same, crystal form and containing ions of approximately the same size or relative size. Isomorphous compounds may show solid solution. Compare ISOTYPIC.

A Dictionary of Earth Sciences AILSA ALLABY and MICHAEL ALLABY

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isomorphism

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views updated May 29 2018

isomorphism (I-soh-mor-fizm) n. the condition of two or more objects being alike in shape or structure.
—isomorphic, isomorphous adj.

A Dictionary of Nursing

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