BERNSTEIN, Walter

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Writer. Nationality: American. Born: Brooklyn, 20 August 1919. Family: Married to the literary agent Gloria Loomis; several children from a previous marriage. Education: Graduated from Dartmouth College, 1940. Military Service: Drafted into the U.S. Army, 1941; served as a correspondent for the Army weekly Yank during World War II. Career: Secured first writing job reviewing films for the Daily Dartmouth, a student newspaper, circa 1938; wrote a musical comedy while stationed at Fort Benning, GA, 1941; wrote for New Yorker, Argosy, Life, Sports Illustrated, and Collier's during the 1940s and 1950s; co-edited a newsletter, Facts About the Blacklist, during the 1950s. Awards: Writers Guild of America-East, Ian McLellan Hunter Memorial Award for Lifetime Achievement in Writing, 1994; Gotham Awards, Writer Award, 1996; Human Family Educational and Cultural Institute, Humanitas Prize, PBS/Cable Category, for Miss Evers' Boys, 1997. Agent: Arlene Donovan, International Creative Management, 40 W. 57th St., New York, NY 10019, U.S.A.

Films as Writer:

1948

Kiss the Blood Off My Hands (Foster)

1959

That Kind of Woman (Lumet); The Wonderful Country (Parrish) (uncredited)

1960

Heller in Pink Tights (Cukor); A Breath of Scandal (Curtiz) (uncredited); The Magnificent Seven (Sturges) (uncredited)

1961

Paris Blues (Ritt)

1962

Something's Got to Give (Cukor)

1964

Fail-Safe (Lumet)

1965

The Train (Frankenheimer) (uncredited)

1966

The Money Trap (Kennedy)

1970

The Molly Maguires (Ritt) (+ pr)

1976

The Front (Ritt)

1977

Semi-Tough (Ritchie)

1978

The Betsy (Petrie)

1979

An Almost Perfect Affair (Ritchie); Yanks (Schlesinger)

1980

Little Miss Marker (+ d)

1985

The Legend of Billie Jean (Robbins)

1988

The House on Carroll Street (Yates)

1991

Women & Men 2: In Love There Are No Rules (for TV) (+ d)

1994

Doomsday Gun (Young—for TV)

1995

The Affair (Seed—for TV) (story only)

1997

Miss Evers' Boys (Sargent—for TV)

1999

Durango (Shields—for TV)

2000

Fail Safe (Frears—for TV)

Other Films:

1950

Panic in the Streets (Kazan) (ro)

1976

Hollywood on Trial (Helpern) (doc) (ro)

1977

Annie Hall (Allen) (ro)

1985

The Last Days of Marilyn Monroe (Olgiati) (doc) (ro)

Publications

By BERNSTEIN: books—

Keep Your Head Down, New York, 1945.

Inside Out: A Memoir of the Blacklist, New York, 1996.

By BERNSTEIN: articles—

"What Blacklist," interview with Patricia Aufderheide, in Film Comment (New York), January-February 1988.

"Conversation with Blacklisted Writer Walter Bernstein," interview with David Walsh, World Socialist Web Site wsws.org, February 1999.

* * *

If for no other reason, Walter Bernstein will be remembered for his sheer longevity as a film and television screenwriter. Incredibly, his screenplays have spanned a period from the 1940s to the 2000s and may well qualify him as the longest-working writer of produced films and television programs in history.

Bernstein began his screenwriting career in 1947, shortly after he had published a collection of World War II essays originally written for the New Yorker and the Army weekly Yank. The anthology, Keep Your Head Down, was so strong that it landed him a ten-week contract as a writer with Columbia Pictures. He moved to Hollywood and soon began working with Columbia's Robert Rossen. Though he learned much about the craft of screenwriting from Rossen during that period, he did not actually write his first script until the ten-week stint was over. His agent, Harold Hecht, and actor Burt Lancaster had just formed an independent film company, Norma Productions, and Hecht hired Bernstein at $500 a week, doubling the writer's Columbia salary. Paired with the more experienced writer Ben Maddow, Bernstein created the screenplay for his first film: Kiss the Blood OffMy Hands, an adaptation of a British thriller novel and regarded by Bernstein as "an offbeat melodrama that borrowed (stole) heavily from Hitchcock."

The tyro screenwriter had little time to savor his breakthrough accomplishment, however. He left Hollywood in December 1947—a mere six months after he had arrived and before Kiss the Blood Off My Hands had even opened—in the wake of the anti-Communist investigation of the movie industry launched by the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). Bernstein, who had joined the Communist Party a year after his Army discharge, could see the destructive effects of HUAC's inquisition and returned to his native New York in the hope of writing film screenplays on the East Coast. Instead, he found steady work as a writer for the fledgling medium of television.

Bernstein's early success as a TV writer could not shield him from the icy effects of the Cold War and the anti-Communist fervor of the time. He was blacklisted in 1950 and was unable to write television scripts under his own name until 1961, though several film directors did hire him openly as early as 1959. Routinely harassed by the FBI during the 1950s, Bernstein wrote many TV scripts under various pseudonyms (principally "Paul Bauman") for some of early television's most prestigious anthology programs, including You Are There, Playhouse 90, and Studio One. Working behind a "front" for producer David Susskind, Bernstein also adapted Thornton Wilder's The Bridge of San Luis Rey and Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper for television. His script for the latter production won a Christopher Award, which he was unable to collect because of the blacklist.

Following his return to Hollywood under his own name in 1959, Bernstein crafted screenplays for movies that ranged widely in their content; westerns, thrillers, comedies, and melodramas became his stock in trade, with the screenplays for Fail-Safe, The Train, The Molly Maguires, and Semi-Tough among his best. Unquestionably the most heartfelt of Bernstein's screenplays were for those films that dealt with the blacklisting era: The Front, for which he received Oscar and Writers Guild of America (WGA) screenplay nominations; and The House on Carroll Street, a film that Bernstein unapologetically turned into a melodrama to deliver his views. "With melodrama you're never going to go very deep," he said. "What you can do is to state a social issue, draw the lines, and you can't do a hell of a lot more than that. But that's a lot. It's not disgraceful. It's a very American form—stories in the way people expect to hear them."

Since the 1990s, Bernstein has written exclusively for television. His work there has included his much-admired screenplay for Miss Evers' Boys and a rewrite of his Fail Safe script for a production performed live on network TV in April 2000. In a sense, his writing career had returned full circle with the new Fail Safe screenplay, since much of his early work had been for live television as well.

Despite the heavy demands of his writing career, Bernstein has found time to share his knowledge with up-and-coming filmmakers. He has been an Adjunct Professor of Film at Columbia University's School of the Arts for years, taught at New York University, and also served as an advisor at the Sundance Institute's Screenwriters Lab for several summers. He has also worked as a teacher of a different sort, reminding people of Hollywood's dark days during the 1940s and 1950s. He was vociferous in his complaints, for example, when Elia Kazan, a Hollywood director who informed on his leftist colleagues during the blacklisting era, was soon to receive a Lifetime Achievement Oscar. As he told interviewer David Walsh in early 1999, "I don't think they should give Kazan an award. It's true, it's been a long time [since Kazan testified before HUAC], but this was a man who damaged the industry that is now giving him the award. . . . He hurt a lot of people."

Bernstein's dedication to screenwriting may be found in a simple remark in his memoir, Inside Out: "I write movies; focus is all." Judging from the breadth and depth of his work, the span of his career, and the passion of his beliefs, Bernstein must surely be among the most focused of writers ever to have their work appear on the large and small screens.

—Martin F. Norden