Philip Ainsworth Means 1892-1944, American historian and archaeologist, b. Boston. An assistant on a Yale expedition to Peru (1914-15), he was later (1920-21) director of the National Museum of Archaeology at Lima, Peru. He traveled widely in Latin American countries, and between 1921 and 1932 he was several times an associate in anthropology at the Peabody Museum, Harvard. His works include History of the Spanish Conquest of Yucatan and of the Itzas (1917), Fall of the Inca Empire and the Spanish Rule in Peru, 1530-1780 (1932), The Spanish Main: Focus of Envy, 1492-1700 (1935).