Gardiner, John Eliot

views updated May 18 2018

John Eliot Gardiner

Conductor

For the Record

Selected discography

Sources

Accomplished British conductor John Eliot Gardiner is noted for founding and directing the Monteverdi Choir in 1964 and its complement Monteverdi Orchestra in 1968. Although he conducted all types of music, he is a renowned authority in a variety of 17th and 18th century styles, and conducted Glucks Alceste for the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Iphigenie en Tau-ride at Covent Garden in 1973. He founded the English Baroque Soloists in 1977, which he conducted in performances that featured original instruments of the Baroque era. Gardiner appeared in many of the major music centers of the world as a guest conductor. He was made an officer of the Ordre des Artes et des Lettres in 1988, and a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1989 in recognition of his long, illustrious, and varied career. Tim Page of the New York Times wrote, Mr. Gardiner transcends syntax and goes directly to the heart of the music.

Gardiner was born on April 20, 1943, in Fontmeli Magna, atown in southwestern England. He was raised on a farm and his parents, Rolf Gardiner and Marabel Hodgkin Gardiner, enlisted him in the local church choir as a child. Gardiner had learned some of the early-music repertoire by the time he was thirteen. His family members enjoyed singing at home, and thats where Gardiner developed a rudimentary knowledge of Renaissance and early Baroque-period choral music. He told High Fidelity magazines Scott Cantrell, It became quite a tradition in the house to attract other good amateur singers, and we actually did a concert tour in Germany and Austria and did some pretty good adventurous programs.

Gardiners first major early musical influence was the material of Caludio Monteverdi. When he was six years old his parents took him to hear a lecture given by Nadia Boulanger on Monteverdi and to hear Walter Goehr conduct the composers Vespro della beata vergine in Yorkminster. Gardiner listened to a taped radio broadcast of that work time and time again. He became a self-taught musician, and by the time he reached his teenage years he demonstrated an aptitude for conducting music. He attended the Bryanston School, and then worked with Palestinian refugees for the United Nations. Later, he studied Arabic, history, and medieval Spanish at Kings College, Cambridge. As an undergraduate, he served as secretary of the Kings College Music Society, and sang and played the violin in Berlioz-revival performances led by Colin Davis.

In 1964, as an extracurricular activity, he founded the Monteverdi Choir for a performance of the Vespers at Kings College Chapel. He was granted music funding from the Musical Society, and hired well-known professional singers such as Robert Tear and John Shirley-Quirk as soloists. He told Cantrell, It took quite a lot of gall. The challenge was to use the best singers of Cambridge, all of whom were beautifully schooled in the English choral tradition, which is very polite and disciplined, and to see if they were capable of singing this very difficult music with the appropriate elan and commitment and, above all, vocal color. The performance was considered a landmark event, and music critics foresaw a successful future for Gardiners Monteverdi Choir.

After obtaining his masters degree in history, Gardiner decided he needed formal music training. He started by studying with harpsichordist and musicologist Thurston Dart. He earned a certificate of advanced studies in music from Kings College in 1966, and moved to Paris where he studied with Nadia Boulanger for two years on a French government scholarship. He also studied with Antal Dorati and George Hursta protege of Pierre Monteuxand apprenticed himself to the BBC Northern Orchestra in Manchester for two years.

In the late 1960s the members of Gardiners Monteverdi Choirby now a mixture of professional and amateur singershad reunited in London. Gardinerfeltthe secret of the choirs success was due to the fact that the professionals were kept on guard by amateurs who were just as accomplished, though unpaidand the amateurs, in turn, were kept on guard by a fear of being the weak link. As a result, there was an atmosphere of

For the Record

Born April 20, 1943, in Fontmell Magna, England; son of Rolf and Marabel (Hodgkin) Gardiner, farmers; married musician Elizabeth Suzanne Wilcock in 1981; children: three daughters. Education: rungs College, Cambridge; studied with Nadia Boulanger, Antal Dorati, and George Hurst, apprenticed with BBC for two years.

Enlisted in the local church choir as a child; major early musical influence was the material of Caludio Monteverdi; became a self-taught musician; sang and played the violin in Berlioz-revival performances led by Colin Davis; founded the Monteverdi Choir for a performance of the Vespers at Kings College Chapel in 1964; founded the Monteverdi Orchestra in 1968 to accompany the choir; prepared new editions of Jean Philippe Rameaus Dar-danus, Les fetes dHebe, and Les boreades for London concert performances, 1973-75; principle conductor and music director, Canadian Broadcasting Corporations Vancouver Orchestra, 1980-83; artistic director of the Gottingen Handel Festival in Germany from 1981-89; music director of the Opera de Lyon, founded Orchestre de lOpera de Lyon, 1983; led symphony orchestras in New York, Dallas, San Francisco, Boston, Toronto, Montreal, and Detroit as a guest conductor; conducted the Philharmonic Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, and the Oslo Philharmonic; prolific recording career for the Erato, Philips, ARC, Argo, and London labels included annual releases of Bachs major choral works, the complete Mozart piano concertos, and a complete cycle of Beethoven concertos.

Awards: Grand Prix du Disque for Israel in Egypt (1979), Purcells The Fairy Queen (1982), Handels Messiah (1984), and Handels Solomon (1985); accorded the Metropolitan Operas Best Opera Recording honors in 1983 for Rameaus Les boreades; Voted Artist of the Year in 1994 by Gramophone magazine.

Addresses: Office Monteverdi Choir and Orchestra, Ltd., Bowring Bldg., P.O. Box 145, Tower PI., London EC3P 3BE, England; Management IMG Artists Europe, Media House, 3 Burlington Lane, Chiswick, London, W42TH, England; Home Gore Farm, Ashmore, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP5 5AR, England.

friendly musical competition. Gardiner founded the Monteverdi Orchestra in 1968 to accompany the choir, but he chose not to use original-period instruments at first. He had used cornets and sackbuts in 1964 when he performed the Monteverdi Vespers, and viewed the result as discouraging. In 1978, though, Gardiner felt that he had gone as far as he could playing middle baroque and early classical music on modern instruments, and switched to original instruments

Gardiner prided himself on transcending academic concerns in music, but proved that he had an aptitude for scholarship when preparing new editions of Jean Philippe Rameaus Dardanus, Les fetes dHebe, and Les boreades for London concert performances between 1973-75. In order to mark the tenth anniversary of the Monteverdi Choir on April 19, 1975, Gardiner conducted Rameaus final opera, Les boreades, in Londons Queen Elizabeth Hall for the first performance in modern times. Les boreades was subsequently presented as a fully staged production at the Aix-en-Provence Festival in 1982. By the late 1970s, Gardiner and his ensembles were in great demand throughout the United States and Europe. The Monteverdi Orchestra was renamed the English Baroque Soloists in 1978 after switching to original-period instruments.

From 1980-83 Gardiner served as the principle conductor and music director of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporations Vancouver Orchestra, and from 1981 -89 served as the artistic director of the Gottingen Handel Festival in Germany. In 1983 the Opera de Lyon hired him as music director and asked him to create an orchestra for the company. Gardiner, a British early-music specialist, didnt see a contradiction in leading the sixty-member Orchestre de lOpera de Lyon, and told Michael Oliver of Gramophone, Once youve defined the repertoire, the problems are identical: you take a scoreand you start thinking about what sorts of sounds the composer was expecting to hear. After successful critical acclaim, Gardiner left the post in 1988 to pursue other projects, but remained chef fondateur (founder head) and conductor laureate. In April of 1983 he led the English Baroque Soloists and the Monteverdi Choir in a lauded performance of Handels oratorio Israel in Egypt at Lincoln Centers Alice Tully Hall in New York City.

ln 1989 Gardiner celebrated the silver anniversary of the Monteverdi Choir with an international tourthat included the Unites States, India, Japan, and Australia. Gardiner also conducted the Philharmonic Orchestra at the Royal Festival Hall in London in 1989, in the premier of a new version of Debussys La mer, as edited by Marie Rolf. A year later, he introducedwith little acclaima new period-instrument orchestra called the Orchestre Revolutionnaire et Romantique that was identical in personnel to the English Baroque Soloists. As a guest conductor, Gardiner led symphony orchestras in Dallas, San Francisco, Boston, Toronto, Montreal, and Detroit. He also led the New York Philharmonic, and the Orchestra of St. Lukes, with whom he made his Carnegie Hall debut in November 1988. In Europe he conducted the Philharmonic Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, and the Oslo Philharmonic.

Gardiner has also reached a wide audience through his many recordings. Incredibly prolific, he was averaging seventeen releases a year by 1989 for the Erato, Philips, ARC, Argo, and London labels. His output included annual releases of Bachs major choral works, the complete Mozart piano concertos, a complete cycle of Beethoven concertos, and the latter Mozart operas. He received the Grand Prix du Disque in 1979 for Israel in Egypt, again in 1982 for Purcells The Fairy Queen, in 1984 for Handels Messiah, and in 1985 for Handels Solomon. He was also accorded the Metropolitan Operas Best Opera Recording honors in 1983for Rameaus Les boreades, and voted Artist of the Year in 1994 by Gramophone magazine.

Selected discography

Symphonie Fantastique, Berlioz, Philips, 1993.

Motetten, Johann Sebastian Bach, Erato, 1995.

Danny Boy: The Music of Percy Grainger, Philips, 1996.

Leonore, Beethoven, Deutsche Gramophone, 1997.

Fruehlings Sinf. Flower Songs, Britten, Deutsche Gramophone, 1997.

Jubilante, Philips, 1997.

Symphonische Taenze/Taras Bulba, Rachmoninoff, Deutsche Gramophone, 1998.

Sinfonien 1-4, Schumann, Deutsche Gramophone, 1998.

Sources

Periodicals

Boston Globe, February 17, 1989.

Boston Herald, February 18, 1989.

CD Review, September 1990.

High Fidelity, July, 1989.

London Observer, November 4, 1973.

London Times, December 12, 1989.

Los Angeles Times, February 27, 1989.

The New York Times, February 21, 1989; March 8, 1987; April 7, 1986.

The New Yorker, May 23, 1983.

Online

John Eliot Gardiner http;//www.warner-classics/erato/ln/baroque/biogs/gardiner.htm (May 19, 1999).

John Eliot Gardiner, http://www.dgclassics.com/artists/gardiner/gardiner.htm (March 19, 1999).

B. Kimberly Taylor

Gardiner, (Sir) John Eliot

views updated Jun 27 2018

Gardiner, (Sir) John Eliot (b Fontmell Magna, Dorset, 1943). Eng. conductor, great-nephew of Balfour Gardiner. Founded Monteverdi Choir 1964, Monteverdi Orch. 1968, English Baroque Soloists (period instr.) 1978, and Orchestre révolutionnaire et romantique 1990. Prof. début 1966. Has made new edns. of Monteverdi's Vespers (1967), and Rameau's Dardanus, Les Fêtes d'Hébé, and Les Boréades. Cond. f. staged p. of Les Boréades, Aix 1982 and f. modern revival of Berlioz's Mass, Paris 1993. SW début 1969; CG 1973. Youngest cond. to appear at Henry Wood Proms. (1968). Prin. cond. CBC Vancouver Orch. 1980–3, art. dir. Göttingen Handel Fest. 1981–90, mus. dir. Lyons Opera 1982–8. Salzburg début 1990. Prin. cond. N Ger. Radio Orch., Hamburg, 1991–4. At Lyons cond. operas by Charpentier, Handel, and Leclair, revived Chabrier's L'Étoile and cond. Pelléas et Mélisande in a score which was scrupulously close to Debussy's autograph. CBE 1990. Knighted 1998.

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