Hormats, Robert D. 1943(?)-

PERSONAL:

Born c. 1943. Education: Tufts University, B.A., 1965, M.A., 1966, Ph.D., 1970.

ADDRESSES:

Office—Global Markets Institute at Goldman Sachs, 85 Broad St., New York, NY 10004.

CAREER:

U.S. National Security Council, senior staff member for international economic affairs, senior economic advisor to Dr. Henry Kissinger, General Brent Scowcroft, and Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, 1969-77; U.S. Department of State, senior deputy assistant secretary for economic and business affairs, 1977-79, ambassador and deputy U.S. trade representative, 1979-81, assistant secretary of state for economic and business affairs, 1981-82; Goldman Sachs, New York, NY, became managing director of Goldman, Sachs, and Co. and vice chairman of Goldman Sachs International, 1982—. Member of board of directors, Engelhard Hanovia, Inc., Irvington Institute for Im- munological Research, and Freedom House; member of board of visitors, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy; member of dean's council, John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

MEMBER:

Council on Foreign Relations, Economic Club of New York (board member).

AWARDS, HONORS:

Arthur Fleming Award, 1974; French Legion of Honor, 1982.

WRITINGS:

Reforming the International Monetary System: From Roosevelt to Reagan, Foreign Policy Association (New York, NY), 1987.

American Albatross: The Foreign Debt Dilemma, Priority Press Publications (New York, NY), 1988.

(Editor, with William E. Brock) The Global Economy: America's Role in the Decade Ahead, W.W. Norton (New York, NY), 1990.

(With J.F. Brown and William H. Luers) Western Approaches to Eastern Europe, Council on Foreign Relations Press (New York, NY), 1992.

The Price of Liberty: Paying for America's Wars, Times Books (New York, NY), 2007.

Contributor to journals and periodicals, including Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, American Banker, and the Financial Times.

SIDELIGHTS:

Robert D. Hormats has enjoyed a colorful and varied career. After attending Tufts University, where he earned his undergraduate degree in economics and political science and then a doctorate from Tuft's Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, he was chosen for several influential government posts. Among these are senior staff member for international economic affairs for the U.S. National Security Council, senior economic advisor to Dr. Henry Kissinger, General Brent Scowcroft, and Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, senior deputy assistant secretary for economic and business affairs for the U.S. Department of State, ambassador and deputy U.S. trade representative, and assistant secretary of state for economic and business affairs. He is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and has served on two separate task forces for that organization. In 1974 Hormats was honored with the Arthur Fleming Award, and in 1982 he was given the French Legion of Honor. Hormats left government service in 1982 and went to work for Goldman Sachs, where he progressed to the dual positions of managing director of Goldman, Sachs, and Co. and vice chairman of Goldman Sachs International.

Hormats has written numerous articles and books on international relations and economic concerns. His writing has appeared in several journals and periodicals, including Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, American Banker, and the Financial Times. His books include Reforming the International Monetary System: From Roosevelt to Reagan, American Albatross: The Foreign Debt Dilemma, and Western Approaches to Eastern Europe, which he wrote with J.F. Brown and William H. Luers.

In The Price of Liberty: Paying for America's Wars, Hormats addresses the issue of deficit spending, which has traditionally been the way the United States has financed wartime activities. He looks back to the tenets set down by the founding fathers and the ways in which the nation's fiscal decisions have altered since that time. Gilbert Taylor, reviewing for Booklist, dubbed the book "an exceptionally clear discourse in applied history." A contributor for Kirkus Reviews called the book "a careful study in economic history that deserves wide airing." In a review for Business Economics, Gerald L. Musgrave called Hormats's effort "an important book because its author is a business economics superstar." Musgrave continued: "Hormats endeavors to discuss an important domestic financial issue by assembling facts and analyzing them in a way that leads to reasonable solutions without inflaming the increasingly hostile political environment. He achieved his objective."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

PERIODICALS

Booklist, April 15, 2007, Gilbert Taylor, review of The Price of Liberty: Paying for America's Wars, p. 8.

Business Economics, July, 2007, Gerald L. Musgrave, review of The Price of Liberty, p. 60.

Department of State Bulletin, July, 1981, "International Economic Policy Priorities," p. 24; November, 1981, "New Challenges in International Investment," p. 28; December, 1981, "Role of the Private Sector in Developing Countries," p. 57; December, 1981, "U.S. Trade and Foreign Policy," p. 44.

George Washington Journal of International Law and Economics, summer, 1988, "America's New Competitors: The Challenge of the Newly Industrializing Countries," p. 546.

Journal of Economic Literature, March, 1990, review of American Albatross: The Foreign Debt Dilemma, p. 181.

Journal of International Affairs, spring, 1990, Sandeep Dalal, review of The Global Economy: America's Role in the Decade Ahead, p. 272.

Kirkus Reviews, March 15, 2007, review of The Price of Liberty.

New York Times, January 19, 1981, Clyde H. Farnsworth, "Recruiting Robert Hormats," p. 2; June 18, 1982, "Haig Aide Resigning," p. 8; September 26, 1982, "At Home with Diplomacy," p. 4; September 26, 1982, "The World according to Hormats: It Is Grim and Uncertain, Says Washington's Departing Adviser," p. 4; November 5, 1982, "Hormats Gets Post at Goldman, Sachs," p. 1.

Publishers Weekly, March 19, 2007, review of The Price of Liberty, p. 53.

SAIS Review, January 1, 1993, Dariusz W. Szwarcewicz, review of Western Approaches to Eastern Europe, p. 168.

Slavonic and East European Review, July, 1993, Leonard Geron, review of Western Approaches to Eastern Europe, p. 583.

ONLINE

Goldman Sachs Web site,http://www2.goldmansachs.com/ (December 8, 2007), corporate biography.

Source Watch Web site,http://www.sourcewatch.org/ (December 8, 2007), author profile.

Tufts University Web site,http://fletcher.tufts.edu/ (December 8, 2007), alumni profile.